Global Studies
Name
______
Africa Review
**FIND THE MAP ANSWERS ON YOUR OWN***
Geographical Features & Nations
Plot each of the following on the map using the corresponding
number or letter.
A. Sahara
1. Mali
B. Sahel
2. Nigeria
C. Ethiopian Highlands
3. Egypt
D. Horn of Africa
4. Sudan
E. Great Rift Valley
5. Ethiopia
F. Mt. Kilimanjaro
6. Somalia
G. Kalahari Desert
7. Dem. Rep of Congo
H. Cape of Good Hope
8. Rwanda
I. Niger River
9. Tanzania
J. Nile River
10. Botswana
M. Congo River
11. Zimbabwe
N. Lake Victoria
12. Madagascar
O. Zambezi River
13. South Africa
1
General Geographic Information
Size of Africa
Africa is 3 times the size of the U.S.
Compared To U.S.
# of Languages
Hundreds
2 Main Cultural
Regions
Swahili
North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa
Savanna
African language that blends Arabic with traditional African language;
created when Arabs traded with East Africans
Tropical grasslands; most common environment in Africa
Cataracts
Steep waterfalls resulting from the plateau that covers much of Africa
Escarpments
Steep cliffs resulting from the plateau that covers much of Africa
Desertification
The turning of land into desert; it is a negative effect of development;
common in the Sahel
Traditional African Societies
Consensus
A common agreement; used in traditional African villages to settle
disputes and village problems
Bride Wealth
A gift the man would give to the bride’s family to show her value
Age Grade
System
Animism
Divination
Boys and girls in a village would go through ceremonies together that
marked stages of their development
The belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe
itself posses souls.
When certain people consult the divine world to explain current events
and tell fortunes.
African Civilizations
4 Major
Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Zimbabwe
Civilizations
Main Location of West Africa
Civilizations
2 Major Trade
Gold (from West Africa)
Items
Salt (From North Africa) It made West Africa wealthy
Mansa Musa
Famous ruler of Mali; he was known for expanding the empire,
bringing peace, and going on the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca
2
Slave Trade
European Motive for
Exploring Africa
Looking for new routes to Asia
Why Europeans
Wanted Slaves
Middle Passage
They developed a farming economy in the Americas and needed
cheap labor to make a profit
The horrific journey of slave ships from Africa to the Americas
Triangular Trade
Route
How Europeans
Got African
Slaves
Abolition
Link between Europe (had manufacturing and guns), Africa (had
slaves), and the Americas (had raw materials)
Africans captured other Africans during battle and traded them for
guns from the Europeans.
The movement to end slavery
Nations Founded by Liberia (founded by former American slaves)
Former Slaves
Sierra Leone (founded by former British slaves)
Imperialism
Europeans with
British and French
Most Colonies
Leopold II & the King of Belgium established a private colony in the Congo River
Congo Free State Basin; he exploited the people and resources; sparked Europrean
takeover of Africa
Berlin
European nations gathered together to draw the borders of the
Conference
colonies of Africa; no Africans were invited to participate
African Nations Ethiopia and Liberia
Not Colonized
Cecil Rhodes
British businessman that promoted imperialism in Africa; Rhodesia
(now Zimbabwe) was named after him
Independence
Educated Elite
Pan-Africanism
Africans able to attend European secondary school were considered
high in status. However, they were often unable to get high level
jobs.
Pride in one’s country; nationalism was not natural because these
countries did not exist before the Europeans arrived in Africa
A movement to unify all Africans; it was not successful
Negritude
Movement that encouraged Africans to value their heritage
2 Decades
Independence
Achieved
1960s and 1970s
Nationalism
3
Apartheid in South Africa
Boers
Descendants of the Dutch settlers in South Africa, Boer is Dutch for
farmers
Colonial Power
Britain
Valuable
Resources
Diamonds
Gold
Apartheid
Legal separation of the races in South Africa
Afrikaners
Descendants of the Dutch, French, and German settlers of South
Africa; they speak a language called Afrikaans
Part of apartheid, these laws required any person of color to produce
special identification giving them permission to be where they were
Pass Laws
Townships
Homelands
Sharpville
Massacre
Areas outside the homelands that black South Africans were forced to
live in and required to carry passes
Rural areas assigned to ethnic groups of blacks to keep them
separated, poor land, blacks citizens of homelands, not South Africa
Peaceful black protesters were attacked by the police
This gained the attention of nations around the world
Soweto
Disturbance
Peaceful black protesters were protesting the forced use of Afrikaans
(the European settler language) in their schools
They were attacked by police
Desmond Tutu
Black leader in the movement to fight apartheid; Anglican bishop;
won the Nobel Peace Prize
World Pressure
Boycott of South African goods; arms embargo,;exclusion from the
to End Apartheid Olympics
F.W. de Klerk
White president of South Africa that moved the government towards
eliminating apartheid; won Nobel Peace Prize
Nelson Mandela Black leader that worked to end apartheid; jailed for many years;
when apartheid ended, he was elected first black leader of South
Africa
Nigeria
Valuable Natural Oil
Resource
Biafra
Ibo of the southeast tried to secede from Nigeria, keeping control of
the oil fields to create Biafra, but the attempt was unsuccessful
Government
Moves back and forth from civilian to military run government
4
over the Years
Zimbabwe
Former Name
Ethnic Issues
Robert Mugabe
Rhodesia
The white minority declared independence and established Rhodesia;
later there was a 2nd independence establishing a black-led gov.
Leader of movement to establish an African-run government (opposed
to a white minority-led government) who became a dictator and has
ruled since 1980
Genocide in Rwanda
Genocide
Effort to eliminate an entire race or ethnic group
Definition
Ethnic Groups
Hutu (majority) and Tutsi (minority)
Description of
Conflict
Role of U.S. &
U.N.
Tutsi were given better position under the Belgian colonial
government; when Rwanda became independent, the Hutu majority
sought retaliation for the past; Hutus killed 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
Barely did anything; Most UN peace keeping forces were withdrawn;
US wouldn’t admit it was a genocide
Darfur
Location
Western Sudan
Source of
Conflict
Janjaweed
Marginalized minorities in Darfur rebelled
Role of Sudan’s
Government
Arab-dominated government that supports Arab militants
Country Supporting
Sudan
China supports Sudan because of its oil (they trade oil for weapons)
AIDS in Africa
Causes of
Epidemic
Solutions for
Government-sponsored militant responsible for much of the killing
Started in Africa, ignorance, lack of medical treatment, poverty, social
stigma, ineffective governments, cultural practices, inequality of
women
Education, medical treatment, removing social stigma, reducing
5
Epidemic
poverty, empowering women
6