1.
Below is a molecule of DNA. Label the following: sugar, phosphate, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, nucleotide, hydrogen bond.
2.
What is the name given to the shape of the DNA molecule?
3.
Name the scientists who helped discover the shape of the DNA molecule using a technique known as X-ray diffraction.
4.
Name the two scientists who figured out the correct arrangement of molecules to build the first correct model of DNA.
5. Through the process of ___ ___________, DNA makes a copy of itself.
6.
The parent strand of a molecule of DNA looks like this: AATCGGTATCGC
What would the bases for the DNA daughter strand look like?
7.
Explain why the process of DNA replication would be important to a cell getting ready to divide.
8.
What are some situations in which your body would make new cells?
For example: repair of cellular damage

9. The process named in #7 takes place in the _________ of the cell.
10.
Identify how DNA is different from mRNA in each of the following ways: a.
Sugar – b.
Bases
– c.
# of strands –
11.
DNA can’t leave the nucleus. How does the DNA code (gene) get to the ribosome?
(In other words, what molecule is produced from DNA to get that code to the ribosome?)
12.
If the DNA code is TTA GGG CTC CTA, what would the mRNA made from it look like?
13.
Divide mRNA code written in #12 into codons. Then, use the chart at the end of your notes to translate it into amino acids.

14. Label the parts in the diagram below, then answer the questions that follow.
A.
C.
B. a.
What is the molecule labeled “A” in the diagram above? b.
Label the nucleus in the diagram above. c.
Name the process occurring in the nucleus of the cell. d.
Where in the cell will the mRNA go once it has been constructed? e.
Once there, the mRNA will be read in groups of 3 bases called __________. f.
Label the ribosome in the diagram above.

g.
Name the process occurring at the ribosome. h.
At the ribosome, the mRNA will meet with what (labeled “B” in the diagram above)? i.
The group of 3 bases attached to “B” in the diagram is called a(n)
_______________ j.
If the codon is “AAC”, the anticodon would be ___________. k.
The molecules labeled “C” in the diagram are called __________
___________. l.
Joining amino acids together builds a ____________. m.
Amino acids are held together by _____________ bonds. n.
How are proteins important to living organisms?
18. Explain what a gene is:
19. Explain the primary function of DNA in the cell:
20. Explain how the genetic code contained in DNA is turned into a protein (you should use the terms: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, transcription, translation, DNA, amino acids, codons, anticodons, nucleus and cytoplasm.