Traditional Middle East Test Review Sheet
Chapter 25 Section 3, Chapter 26 Section 1 - Three Monotheistic Religions
Review “Monotheistic Religions” Chart & understand how the three religions are similar
to/different from each other; know the answers to the homework questions (p. 566 & 575)
Made a covenant with God and promised to worship only one god
Abraham
Moses
Led the Hebrew people out of Egypt, parted the red Sea; Received the Ten
Commandments; first practice of Judaism
Son of King David; Build the First Temple
Solomon
Torah
Ten
Commandments
Jesus
sacred scroll of the Jewish religion; same stories as the Old Testament in the
Christian Bible
Laws common to Judaism, Christianity AND Islam
Founder of Christianity; taught things like Love and compassion, and
forgiveness; All people are equal before the eyes of God.
Story of Jesus’ life written after his death by disciples
Gospels
God chooses a savior
Messiah
Short story that tells a moral
Parable
A person who suffers or even dies for his or her religion
Martyr
Leader of the Catholic Church
Pope
Jewish dietary (food) laws
Kosher
Muhammad
Mecca &
Medina
First practice of Islam; prophet who received the message from an angel in
the caves above Mecca
Mohammed was born in Mecca and fled to Medina when his life was in
jeopardy because of his religious beliefs; the Kaaba is in Mecca
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temple in Mecca that houses the sacred Black Stone
Kaaba
pilgrimage to Mecca
Hajj
Journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina; considered
the year One of Islam
Hejira
successor to Mohammed as leader of the Muslim state
Caliph
Holy book of Islam
Koran
Why Jerusalem is holy to
Judaism
Western (Wailing) Wall of
Great Temple
Five Pillars of Islam
1. There is one god Allah
Christianity
Islam
Jesus lived, tried, convicted, Muhammad ascended a
crucified, buried & rose
golden ladder to Paradise
(Dome of the Rock)
2. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 3. Charity to the poor
4. Pray five times a day facing Mecca
5. Fast during the Ramadan
Sunni
Shiite
Caliph was chosen from the people
Caliph were descendents of Ali, son-in-law
and cousin of Muhammad
Chapter 26 Section 2- Centuries of Turmoil p. 575-579
Holy Land
Jerusalem and surrounding area; it is called the Holy Land because it is holy
to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Muslim military leader who drove the Crusaders out of Jerusalem
Saladin
Holy war
Crusade
a non-Muslim community
Millet
king
Shah
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Outside Invader
Brief Description of Group
Change brought by group
Seljurks
Turkish-speaking group that had
Weakened the Byzantine
converted to Islam before invading (Christian) Empire
the Arabian Peninsula
Mongols
Invaders from eastern Asia that
converted to Islam after occupying
the Middle East
Increased ties between Asia (China
and India) and the middle East
Crusades
Christians from Europe who
wanted to regain control of the
Holy Land
Recovered land for the Byzantine
Empire and Christian control of
Jerusalem
Describe
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Turkish-speaking people from Central Asia who had converted to Islam
before invading Arabia; They showed their tolerance for the diverse
people in their empire by allowing non-Muslim communities to keep
their own religious leaders; they ruled for over 500 years
Rival group of the Ottomans originating in present-day Iran; followed
Shi’ite traditions (Ottomans were Sunni); although the Safavids lost
power in the 1700s, Iran remained under a shah until 1979
Chapter 26 Section 3- Patterns of Life
Compare
Village Life
Most people
Raised crops & animals
Near fresh water source
Included mosque & a few
stores
City Life
Ancient capital, caravan
stop, religious importance
Houses packed together;
protected by high city walls
Mosque was center of life
Nomadic Life
Lack of water
Herded of camels, goats
and other livestock
Define
Desert nomad, usually and herder of livestock
Bedouin
marketplace
Suq
What is the conflict between nomadic and sedentary (people that stay in one place) people?
Nomads raided villages, their herds ate and trampled crops, and the government could not
collect taxes because they moved around so much; Required caravans to pay for safe
passage
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Effect of Islam on the Lives of Women
Ways if Expanded Rights
Ways if Restricted Rights
Outlawed the killing of unwanted female
babies
Gained right to own or inherit property
Stay secluded in the home and dress
modestly
Obey their fathers or husbands in all
matters
Chapter 26 Section 4 – Imperialism and Nationalism
Know the answers to the homework questions (p. 588)
What was European imperialism’s effect on the Ottoman Empire after World War I?
European countries took control of lands that used to be part of the Ottoman Empire
What developments encouraged the rise of nationalism in
Egypt
Iran
Arab lands
Increasing foreign influence Increasing foreign influence Europeans promised to give
(French and British) on the (Russia and British) on the
the Arab people
economy
economy & culture
independence if they helped
fight the Ottomans during
WWI; after the war, they
broke their promise and
took over Arab lands
Explain who each of the following person is, including what country they were from and what goals
they had for their country
Ataturk
Muhammad Ali
Reza Khan
Helped create a modern
secular Turkey
Leader in Egypt; tried to
modernize the country and
improve its economy
Made himself shah of Iran;
he set out to create a
modern industrial country
and end foreign influence
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