Global Studies
Name
Middle East Review
Map
Label the following on the map using the appropriate number or letter.
Countries
1. Egypt
2. Iran
3. Iraq
4. Israel
5. Jordan
6. Kuwait
7. Lebanon
8. Oman
9. Saudi Arabia
10. Syria
11. Turkey
12. United Arab Emirates
13. Yemen
Bodies of Water
A. Arabian Sea
B. Euphrates River
C. Mediterranean Sea
D. Nile River
E. Tigris River
F. Persian Gulf
G. Red Sea
H. Suez Canal
Cities
a. Jerusalem
b. Mecca
Physical Features
AA. Arabian Peninsula
BB. Sinai Peninsula
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General Information
Origin of Term
Given from a western perspective, it is a name given to group together
“Middle East”
countries with similar cultural and geographic characteristics
Significance of
It is where three continents meet (Asia, Africa, Europe); It is where the
Region
three monotheistic religions began (Judaism, Christianity, Islam); it is
the largest course of the World’s oil
Common
Desert
Geographic Feature
Most Common
Religion
Most Common
Language
Islam
Common
Government Types
Republic and monarchy
Arabic
Region with Similar Northern Africa
Characteristics
Monotheism
Key
Figure
Date of
Origin
Holy Book
Holy Day
Building of
Worship
View of
Jesus
Holidays
Judaism
Abraham, Moses
Jesus
Islam
Muhammad
~2500 B.C.E.
~100 C.E.
~600 C.E.
Torah (613 laws)
Bible
Koran
Friday sundown to
Saturday sundown
Temple, Synagogue
Sunday
Friday
Church
Msoque
He is not part of
their religion
Rosh Hashanah
Yom Kippur
Passover
Lord and savior
Prophet
Easter
Christmas
Ramadan
Eid al-Fitr
Jesus lived, died, was
crucified, buried, and
rose from here
After death, Muhammad
ascended Golden Ladder
(now Done of the Rock)
Importance of Site of 1st & 2nd
Jerusalem
Temples; capital of
Kingdom of Israel
Christianity
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Judaism
Made covenant with God to worship one god
Abraham
Story of the Jewish people escaping slavery in Egypt; led by Moses
Exodus
King of Israel; established Jerusalem as capital
David
Sons of David; king of Israel; built first Temple
Solomon
King of Israel; Built second Temple
Herod
Western Wall
Spreading out of a homogenous people’ it refers to when the Jewish
people were scattered around the world
Only remaining wall of the Jewish people’s Temple in Jerusalem; it is
considered the holiest site for Jewish people
Islam
Islam
Name of the religion
Muslim
A person who practices Islam
Muhammad
Jihad
Prophet of Islam; received the word of God from the Angel Gabriel
who told him to recite it.
A turning point for Islam, it was the journey of Muhammad & his
followers from Mecca to Median; year 1 in the Muslim calendar
Holy war
Holy Cities
#1 – Mecca, #2 – Medina, #3 - Jerusalem
Diaspora
Hejira
Five Pillars of Islam
1. There is one god, Allah
2. Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
3. Make a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca
4. Fast during holy month of Ramadan
5. Give charity to the poor
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Arab-Israeli Conflict Terms
Homeland of the Jewish people
Israel
Palestinian
West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights
Territories
Movement to establish a Jewish homeland
Zionism
British document stating the need for a Jewish homeland, but not
Balfour Declaration at the expense of the Arab people already living there
Plan to separate the land into a Jewish Israel and Arab Palestine;
UN Partition Plan
plan was rejected by the Arabs, but accepted by the Jewish people
Palestinian uprising in protest against continued Israeli occupation
Intifada
of West Bank and Gaza Strip
Arab-Israeli Conflict Wars
Name
Date
1948 War
1948
Suez Crisis/War
1956
Six Day War
1967
Yom Kippur War
1973
Outcome
Israel declares itself a country, Arab nations attack,
Israel defends itself and gains Arab land
Israel, Britain, and France attacked Egypt after
Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal; Israel withdrew
Israel gains control of the West Bank, Gaza Strip,
East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights
Egypt and Syria attacked Israel to regain land lost in
Six Day War; Israel successfully defended itself
Arab-Israeli Peace Agreements
Camp David
1978
Date
Egypt, Israel, U.S.
Participants
Outcome
Egypt acknowledged existence of
Israel (first Arab nation to do so);
Sadat (Egypt) was assassinated for
concessions given to Israel
Oslo Accords
1993
Israel, Palestinians, U.S.
Palestinians received autonomy or
self-rule; Rabin (Israel) was
assassinated for concession given to
the Palestinians
Iraq & Persian Gulf War
Dictator of Iraq
Saddam Hussein
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US Role in Persian
Gulf War
Event that Started
War
Led a coalition force (many countries working together) to get
Hussein out of Kuwait
Hussein invaded Kuwait
Ways it was
Hussein was left in power
“unfinished” at the time
Objective of recent
war in Iraq
Iraq was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction; our
goal was to remove Hussein from power
Iran
Leader’s Name When & How
Gained Power
Shah Pahlavi
Monarchy
Theocracy
Ayatollah
Khomeini
Ancient Empire
Reforms He Promoted
Wanted to modernize and
westernize
1979 Islamic
Created a theocracy and broke off
Revolution
ties with western nations
overthrew the Shah
Persian
Language & Ethnic Persian (Farsi) language; Persian Ethnicity
Group
Major Sect of Islam Sh’ia/Shi’ite
Iran’s War:
Opponent & Years
Reason for Current
Tension with U.S.
OPEC
OPEC
Largest Oil
Producer
Egypt
Importance of Nile
Valley
Gamal Abdel
Nasser
Iraq; 1980-1988
Iran is trying to develop it’s nuclear energy program and we are
concerned it is for weapons
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; influences the
amount of oil produced in the world
Saudi Arabia
It is fertile soil, only place in Egypt that is farmable, and the birthplace of the Ancient Nile Valley Civilization;
Leader of Egypt that promoted Arab socialism, and Egyptian
nationalism
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Nasser’s Economic End foreign ownership of resources, modernization
Goals
Actions Nasser Took
Nationalized some of the country’s resources and industries
to Achieve Goals
Aswan High Dam
Suez Crisis
Anwar Sadat
Major modernization project; it is a hydroelectric dam built along
the Nile River
When Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, Israel, France, and
Britain attacked
Leader of Egypt that recognized the existence of Israel; he was
assassinated for giving too much to Israel
Turkey
Ottoman Empire
Former Empire
Mustafa Ataturk
Ataturk’s Reforms
Ways Turkey Differs
from Other Middle
East Nations
Leader of Turkey that promoted Turkish nationalism and its
modernization and westernization
Created secular government, decreased traditional clothing,
simplified alphabet, implemented last names
Secular government, similarities to European nations
Terrorism
Osama bin Laden
Al Qaeda
9/11 Attacks
Former leader of al Qaeda and organizer of several terrorist attacks
on the U.S., including 9/11 Attacks
Terrorist organization aimed at the destruction of western nations
(especially U.S.); responsible for 9/11 Attacks
4 airplanes were hijacked and used to hit the World Trade Center
(NY) and the Pentagon (VA); a 4th plane went down in PA
Afghanistan
Cold War Conflict
Mujahedeen
Taliban
Reason for US
Military Action
Soviet Union invaded 9179 to “help” Afghan communists; the U.S.
helped the Afghanis repel this invasion
Group, which included Osama bin Laden, that the U.S. helped train
to fight against the Soviet invasion
Conservative Islamic group that has controlled large portions of
Afghanistan; opposes any Westernization
Osama bin Laden organized 9/11 Attack from Afghanistan; Taliban
would not turn him over to U.S., so we attacked
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