Unit 1 -- Greece
1. What do you know about Greece?
2. Why does our study of art begin in ancient Greece?
3. Why does Shelley say “We are all Greeks”?
4. What time period is Greek or Hellenic?
5. How is Greece physically different from other early societies?
6. What does archaic Greece look like?
7. What is Greece’s first art form?
8. What does archaic Greek art look like?
9. How do the Greeks achieve democracy?
10. How does ancient Greece become so powerful?
11. What does classical Greek sculpture look like?
12. Why and how is the Parthenon built?
13. Does ancient Greece decline in power?
14. What are the major ideas of ancient Greece?
15. Where do we see these ideas today?
16. What is Greek drama like?
17. How does Greek art influence Hellenistic art?
18. How does Greek thought influence Hellenistic thought?
19. Where do we see Hellenistic ideas today?
20. Do you know your Greek alphabet?
1. What do you know about Greece?
2. Why does our study of art begin in ancient Greece?
Since late 1800’s, it’s been the “standard”
Based on innovation
Why not Egyptian? Israelite?
3. Why does Shelley say “We are all Greeks?”
4. What time period is considered Hellenic?
500 – 400 BCE
Pre500 BCE
Post 300
5. How is ancient Greece physically different from other early great societies?
6. What does archaic Greece look like?
City states
Oral/ written
Sparta –
Athens --
7. What is Greece’s first art form?
Vessels and vases
Development of style
8. What does archaic Greek art look like?
Kouros
Kore
Standard of Beauty
9. How do the Greeks achieve democracy?
Uprising of commoners
Congress
Power check
Evolves to total democracy
10. How does ancient Greece become so powerful?
Persians v. Greeks
Battle at Salamis
Delian League
Unite against enemies
11. What does classical Greek sculpture look like?
Boy
Charioteer
Zeus
Athena
Aphrodite
Spearbearer
Discus Thrower
12. Why and how is the Parthenon built?
454 -- Delian League to Athens
Build up the Acropolis
PARTHENON -Parthenon v. Acropolis
Independent development
20,000 tons of marble
15 years of construction – completed in 432
new statue of Athena
post and lintel construction
Column Orders:
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
All columns:
Entablature
Raking cornice
Pediment
Cornice
Frieze
Capital
Necking
Column
Drums
Base
Acropolis parts:
Propylaea
Parthenon
Portal
Cella
Portico
Façade
Colonnade
High relief
Low relief
Pedimental sculpture
Erechtheum
Temple of Athena Nike
Why does the Parthenon look so bad now?
Used as a church (1200s), mosque (until 1458),
Turkish powder magazine (1600),
Pilaged for pieces
13. Does ancient Greece decline in power?
Peloponnesian War!
Sparta v. Athens, 431 to 404
Socrates
399 trial
new type of hero for Greece
Plato’s Academy
Aristotle’s Lyceum
Macedonian Empire swallows Greece
Alexander the Great
** Lysistrata written in 414
14. What are the major ideas of ancient Greece?
A. Humanism
B. Idealism
C. Rationalism
15. Where do we see these ideas today?
16. What is Greek drama like?
Aristotle’s rules of comedy and tragedy
Tragedy is:
Serious and important
Complete
Pleasurable language
Catharsis
Six Elements:
Plot
Character
Thought
Diction
Melody
Spectacle
And on to Lysistrata . . .
17. How does Greek art influence Hellenistic art?
Empire building
Phillip of Macedon and Alexander the Great
Macedonian Empire = Greece, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Persia, and Mesopotamia
Empire into 3
Pergamon
Let’s look at sculpture!
Dying Gaul
Gaul and His Wife
Venus De Milo
Winged Victory
Architecture:
Altar of Zeus
What do we see in Hellenistic art?
More visual spectacle
More interpretation
Greek unity v. Hellenistic variety
Greek order v. Hellenistic interpretation, movement, curve, emotion!
Greek drama v. Hellenistic melodrama
In addition. . . painting and mosaics
18. How do Greek ideas influence Hellenistic thought?
Humanism > Individualism
Worship of great men
Professional artists
Self-expression in art
Stoicism and Epicureanism
A. Stoicism:
Zeno
Everyone has his role
Accept and endure
Don’t be driven by emotion
True good is within you
Be virtuous and dutiful
B. Epicureanism:
Epicurus
“atomism”, the “randomness” of atoms
enjoy the here and now
strive for freedom from strife
taken to the extreme = Hedonism
Idealism > Realism
Man exists in the real world
Rationalism > Empiricism
Inventing, systematizing
Antiquarianism
19. Where do we see these ideas today?
20. Do you know your Greek alphabet?