LIST OF PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVES:
The student has to earn a maximum of 24 credits as electives.
The student has to earn a maximum of 03 credits as open elective.
Subject Code
ECPE01
ECPE02
ECPE03
ECPE04
ECPE05
ECPE06
ECPE07
ECPE08
ECPE09
ECPE10
ECPE11
ECPE12
ECPE13
ECPE14
ECPE15
ECPE16
ECPE17
ECPE18
ECPE19
ECPE20
ECPE21
ECPE22
Subject Title
OOPs with C++ and Data Structures
Operating Systems
Computer Organization and Architecture
Power Electronics
Digital Electronic Measurements
Advanced Signal Processing
Image Processing
Communication Switching Systems
Discrete Time Control Systems
Linear Algebra
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems
Cryptography and Network Security
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Low Power VLSI Design
Design of Electronic Systems
Data Compression
Radar and Navigational Aids
Wavelets and its Applications
Spread Spectrum Communication
Satellite Communication
RF ICs
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PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVES
OOPS WITH C++ AND DATA STRUCTURES
Subject Code : ECPE01
Prerequisites : Data Structures using C
Course Objectives:
•
•
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Credits: 3:0:1
Contact Hours:42 + 14
Understand OOP concepts – classes, objects
Understand the features of inheritance overloading, polymorphism
Understand data structures stacks, queues, lists, heaps, and priority queue
Course Contents:
UNIT I
Introduction: Structure of C++ program: Preprocessor directive, declarations and definitions,
Functions: simple function, passing arguments to functions such as variables, reference
arguments pointer type, function return data type such as constant, variables, data structures,
specifying a class, member function and member data, nested classes, static data members and
member functions, friendly functions
UNIT II
Classes and Objects: Definition, class initialization, class constructors and destructors,
constructor types, multiple constructor in a class, destructors, Inheritance, defining derived
classes, different types of inheritance, Virtual base classes, abstract classes, constructors in
derived classes, virtual functions and dynamic polymorphism, pure virtual functions
UNIT III
Operator Overloading: Overloading various operators, overloading using friends, new and
delete operators, rules, type conversions, exception handling and working with files
UNIT IV
Stacks: ADT, derived classes, formula based representation and linked list based representation,
Applications
Queue: ADT, derived classes, formula based and linked representation, Applications
UNIT V
Skip lists and hashing: linear representation, skip list and hash table representation
Trees: Binary trees, properties and its representation, operations, binary tree traversal, ADT
Priority queues: Linear list, heaps.
List of Programs:
1. Simple C++ program, use of cin and cout statements, program using setw
Manipulator.
2. Programs using functions: Passing arguments such as variables, reference
arguments, pointers.
3. Programs using return from functions : reference arguments, structures,
Recursions
4. Simple program using class and objects , nesting of member functions, Arrays
within a class.
5. Programs on static class member, arrays of objects, objects as arguments.
6. Programs on friendly functions, constructors and destructors.
7. Programs on inheritance, virtual base classes
8. Programs on operator overloading using different operators
9. Programs on Stacks using arrays and linked list
10. Programs on Queues using arrays and linked list
11. Construction of singly linked list and perform operations such as
insertion, deletion, searching and displaying.
12. Program to construct binary search tree, to insert a node,delete a node, display
the tree
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Robert Lafore, ”Introduction to OOPsS with C++, 4th edition ,Sams Publishing,2001.
2. E.Balaguruswamy,” object oriented Programming with C++”,TMH,4th edition 2011.R.R.
Gulati, “Monochrome and Colour TV”, New Age International (P) Ltd. 2004
3. D.S. Malik, “Data Structures using C++” India edition, CENGAGE Learning, 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Gray Litwin, ”Programming with C++ and Data Structures “, Vikas
publications,2003 .
2. Aaron M.Tenenbaum,” Data structures using C and C++”, Pearson Education, 2002.
Course Outcomes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write programs related to classes ,objects, constructors destructors, overloading
Design and analyse functions, member functions
Write programs related to stack ADT and queue ADT
Write programs for trees and priority queues
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Subject Code: ECPE02
Prerequisites: Computer Architecture
Course objectives:
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•
•
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Credits:4:0:0
Contact hours: 56
Understanding the goals of OS
To study the different types of OS for different application
Construct and design a process threads
Learn about memory management and scheduling jobs
To study file handling and organization
UNIT I
Introduction: Overview: goals, resource allocations, classes, batch processing. Multiprogramming, time
sharing real time and distributed OS
UNIT II
Structure: Operation, structure of supervisor configuring and installing,OS with monolithic
structure,layered design virtual machineOS, kernel based OS
UNIT III
Processes : Definition, programmers view and OS view,interactingprocesses,threads,processes
in unix, threads in Solaris
UNIT IV
File system: IOCS, directories, I/O organisation, interface between file system and IOCS,
allocation of disk space, implementation of file access, UNIX FS
UNIT V
Memory management: Memory allocation in programs, prelims, contiguous and noncontiguous allocation to program and for controlled programs
Scheduling: Fundamentals, long term and short term, and medium term scheduling, scheduling
in UNIX.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. D. Dhamdhere, “Operating Systems”, McGraw Hill-2008
REFERENCES:
1. A. Silberschatz, Peter B. Galvin, G. Gagne, “Operating System Concepts”, Wiley, 8th
Edition, 2008
2. M. Palmer, M. Walters, “Guide to Operating Systems”, 4th Edition, Course Technology,
2011.
Course outcomes:
1. To understand the goals and application of OS
2. To analyze a process and threads in UNIX
3. To analyze memory handling
4. To work with file systems
5. To design and organize scheduling
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE
Subject Code : ECPE03
Prerequisites : Digital Electronics
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Describe the progression of computer architecture.
Know about the different software and hardware components of a digital computer.
Apply principles of logic design to digital computer design.
Analyze digital computer and decompose into various lower level modules and lower
level blocks involving both combinational and sequential circuit elements.
5. Explain the basic concepts of interrupts and how interrupts are used to implement I/O
control and data transfers.
6. Explain the reasons for using different formats to represent numerical data.
7. Identify the different architectural and organizational design issues that can affect the
performance of a computer such as Instruction Sets design, Pipelining, RISC architecture,
and Superscalar architecture.
UNIT I
Basic Structures of Computers: Computer types, Functional units: Input unit, Memory unit,
Arithmetic and logic unit, Output unit, Control unit, Basic Operational Concepts, Performance,
Processor clock, Basic performance equation, Pipelining and Superscalar operation, Clock rate,
Performance measurement.
UNIT II
Input/Output Organization: Accessing I/O devices, Interrupts: Interrupt Hardware, Enabling and
Disabling Interrupt, Handling Multiple Devices, Controlling Device Requests, Exceptions,
Direct Memory Access, Bus Arbitration; Buses: Synchronous Bus, Asynchronous Bus, Interface
Circuits, Parallel Port, Serial Port, Standard I/O Interfaces, PCI bus, SCSI bus, USB.
Pipelining: Designing Instruction set for pipelining, pipeline hazards, structural hazards,
UNIT III
The Memory System: Some Basic Concepts, Semiconductor RAM memories, Read only
memories, Speed size and cost, Cache memories, Virtual memories and performance
considerations.
UNIT IV
Basic Processing Unit: Register Transfers, Performing an Arithmetic or Logic operation,
Fetching a Word from Memory, Storing a Word in Memory, Execution of a Complete
Instruction, Branch instruction, Multiple Bus Organization, Hardwired Control, A Complete
Processor, Micro programmed Control.
UNIT V
Arithmetic: Addition & Subtraction of Signed Numbers: Addition/Subtraction Logic Unit,
Design of fast adder: Carry-Look-ahead Addition, Multiplication of Positive numbers: SignedOperand Multiplication, Booth Algorithm, Fast Multiplication: Bit-pair recoding of Multipliers;
Integer division, Floating-point Numbers & Operations, IEEE Standard for Floating-point
Numbers, Arithmetic Operations on Floating-point Numbers, Implementing Floating-point
Operations.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic and Safwat Zaky, “Computer Organization”, Fifth
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002.
REFERENCES:
1. William Stallings, “Computer Organization and Architecture – Designing for
Performance”, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
2. David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, “Computer Organization and Design: The
Hardware/Software interface”, Third Edition, Elsevier, 2005.
3. John P. Hayes, “Computer Architecture and Organization”, Third Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill, 1998.
4. V.P. Heuring, H.F. Jordan, “Computer Systems Design and Architecture”, Second
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
Course Outcomes:
1. Learn the basic hardware for processing, storing, and moving information, and how they
are organized within the internal architecture of a computer.
2. List computer hardware components - the CPU, memory, I/O devices.
3. Describe computer architecture and organization, computer arithmetic, and CPU design
4. Describe I/O system and interconnection structures of computer
5. Identify high performance architecture design
6. Use assembly language to program a microprocessor system
7. Develop independent learning skills and be able to learn more about different computer
architectures and hardware.
8. Interpret data expressed in binary, decimal, and hexadecimal.
POWER ELECTRONICS
Subject Code: ECPE04
Pre requisites: Analog Electronic Circuits
Credits: 3:0:1
Contact Hours :42 +14
Course Objectives:
1. Understand the meaning and importance of power electronics.
2. Learn the main switching topologies used in power electronics circuits and how they operate,
how they are controlled, driven and protected.
3. Understand the principle of operation of a thyristor.
4. Analyze and understand different configurations of control rectifiers.
5. Categorize different commutation techniques.
6. Categorize ac voltage controllers.
7. Conceptualize dc-dc converters.
8. Understand the principles of inverters.
Course Outcomes:
UNIT I
Power Devices: Application of power electronics, Power BJT’s, Switching characteristics, Switching
units, Base drive control, Power MOSFETs, Switching characteristics, Gate drives, IGBTs, Isolation of
gate and base drive, Construction of thyristor, Principle of operation, Different states/Modes of
operation, Static anode VI characteristics, Two transistor model, Triggering/Turn-on mechanism,
Dynamic (Turn-on and Turn-off), Characteristics, Gate characteristics, Gate triggering, di/dt and dv/dt
protection, Thyristor firing circuits.
UNIT II
Control Rectifier: Introduction, Principle of phase controlled converter operation, Single phase half
controlled converter, Single phase fully controlled converter, Dual converter, Three phase half
controlled converter, Three phase fully controlled converter.
UNIT III
Commutation Techniques: Introduction to commutation, Different types of commutations, Natural
commutation and forced commutation, Self-commutation, Complementary commutation, Auxiliary
thyristor commutation.
UNIT IV
AC Voltage Controllers and Choppers: Introduction to choppers, Principles of step down and step up
choppers, Step down chopper with RL load, Classification of chopper, Analysis of impulse commutated
thyristor chopper, Introduction to AC voltage controllers, Principle of ON-OFF control, Principle of
phase control, Single-phase AC controllers with R load and RL load.
UNIT V
Inverters: Introduction, Principle of operation, Performance parameters, Single-phase bridge inverter,
Voltage control of single-phase inverters, Current source inverters.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. M. H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications”, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall,
2003.
2. G. K. Dubey, S. R. Doradla, A. Joshi, R. M. K. Sinha, “Thyristorized Power Controllers”, New
Age International Pvt. Ltd, 6th Edition, 1986.
REFERENCES:
1. P. S. Bhimbra, “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publication, 1995.
2. SCR GE Manual, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, 1979.
Course Outcomes:
1. Describe the role of Power Electronics as an enabling technology in various applications such as
flexible production systems, energy conservation, renewable energy, transportation.
2. Explain the operation of power semiconductors and their associated drive and protection
circuits.
3. Understand and analyze the operation of single and three-phase rectifiers with source
inductance and real loads output
4. Analyze various commutation techniques and be able to design various commutation circuits.
5. Design ac voltage controllers for different configurations.
6. Learn the basic concepts of operation of dc-dc converters in steady state in continuous and
discontinuous modes
7. Understand and analyze the operation of switch-mode dc-ac single and three-phase inverters
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
Subject Code: ECPE05
Prerequisites: Digital Electronics
Credits: 4 :0 :0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
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Discuss the various terms, different types of errors and standards of measurements used in
the electronic instrumentation systems.
Explain the principle of operation and applications of different types of digital measuring
instruments such as Voltmeters, Multimeters, Frequency meters, Phasemeters, Tachometers,
PHmeters etc.
Describe the principle of working, features and usage of different types of important
electronic instruments such as LCR meters, special oscilloscopes, digital signal generators,
spectrum analyzer, logic analyzer, recorders etc. in various electronic applications.
Discuss the working and use of data acquisition systems, data loggers, digital transducers,
telemetry systems, digital process controllers and microprocessor based distributed controls
systems in various electronic and industrial applications.
UNIT I
Measurement and Error: Definitions, Accuracy and precision, Significant figures, Types of
errors, Limiting errors, Classification of standards of measurement, Time and frequency
standards.
Digital Voltmeters and Multimeters: Advantages of digital meters, General characteristics
(specifications) of a DVM, Ramp type DVM, Integrating type DVM (Voltage to frequency
conversion), Dual slope integrating type DVM (Voltage to time conversion), Successive
approximation type DVM, Parallel or flash type DVM, Microprocessor based ramp type DVM,
Digital meter displays – LED and LCD displays, Range changing methods for DVM, Digital
multimeter.
UNIT II
Digital Frequency meters and Phase meters: Introduction, Frequency measurement, High
frequency measurement (extending the frequency range), Time (period) measurement, Time
interval measurement, Frequency ratio measurement, Totalizing mode of measurement,
Universal counter, Automatic and computing counters, Reciprocal electronic counters, Sources
of measurement errors, Specifications of electronic counters – Input characteristics and operating
mode specifications, Digital phase meter.
UNIT III
Digital Instruments: Digital tachometer, Digital PH meter, Digital measurement of mains
(supply) frequency, Digital L, C and R measurements – Digital RCL meter, Digital capacitance
meter.
Special Oscilloscopes: Sampling oscilloscope, Digital read out oscilloscope, Digital storage
oscilloscopes, DSO applications.
UNIT IV
Digital Signal Generators: Arbitrary waveform generators (AWG), Arbitrary function
generator, Data generator, Key characteristics of digital signal generators.
Digital Spectrum Analyzer: Principle of working and its applications.
Logic Analyzer: Types of logic analyzer - Logic time analyzer, Logic state analyzer, interfacing
a target system.
Recorders: Digital data recording, Objectives and requirements of recording data, Recorder
selection and specifications, Digital memory waveform recorder (DWR).
UNIT V
Transducers: Electrical transducers, advantages, classification of transducers, characteristics
and choice (selection) of transducers. Digital Transducers - Optical encoders, Shaft (spatial)
encoders.
Digital Data Acquisition System: Objectives of DAS, Elements of data acquisition system.
Data loggers – Basic operation of data loggers.
Telemetry systems: Landline and radio frequency (RF) telemetry systems.
Digital Controllers: Direct digital and computer supervisory control, Digital process controllers,
Microprocessor based distributed control systems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Albert D. Helfrick, William D. Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement Techniques”, PHI, 2012.
2. David A. Bell, “Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements”, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2009.
3. M. M. S. Anand, “Electronic Instruments and Instrumentation Technology”, PHI, Eighth
printing, 2010.
4. H. S. Kalsi, “Electronic Instrumentation”, TMH, 3rd Edition, Seventh reprint, 2012.
REFERENCES:
1. A. J. Bouwens, “Digital Instrumentation”, PHI, 2007.
2. A. K. Sawhney, “Electrical and electronic Measurements and Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai
& Co, 19th Revised Edition 2011.
Course Outcomes:
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Employ the concept of different types of errors in the study of performance of various
electronic instrumentation systems.
Apply the concepts of basic principle of working of different electronic instruments in
designing and constructing the various new types of instruments for different applications.
Illustrate the various important applications such as design and testing of different circuits
and systems, finding the components values, observing the timing relationships, frequency
spectrum, recording the data and wave forms etc. using important electronic instruments,
such as digital LCR meter, special oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzer, logic analyzer, recorders
etc.
Demonstrate the use of data acquisition systems, data loggers, digital transducers, telemetry
systems, digital process controllers etc. in the various industrial and electronic applications.
ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING
Subject Code : ECPE06
Prerequisites : Digital Signal Processing
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours:56
Course Objectives:
1. Understand discrete random variables and random processes
2. Analyze response of LTI systems to stationary input signal
3. Estimate non parametric power spectral density of deterministic and stationary random
signals
4. Design optimum and adaptive filters.
5.
Course Contents:
UNIT I
Introduction: Discrete time signals, Transform domain representation of deterministic signals,
Discrete time systems, Minimum phase and system invertibility
UNIT II
Random variables, vectors and sequences: Random variables, random vectors, discrete time
stochastic processes, linear systems with stationary random inputs, innovations representation of
random vectors.
UNIT III
Non parametric power spectrum estimation: Spectral analysis of deterministic signals,
estimation of the autocorrelation stationary random signals, estimation of the power spectrum of
stationary random signals.
UNIT IV
Optimum linear filters: Optimum signal estimation, linear mean square error estimation,
optimum FIR filters, linear prediction, optimum IIR filters.
UNIT V
Least square filtering and adaptive filters: Least squares error estimation, least square FIR
filters typical applications of adaptive filters method of steepest descent, LMS adaptive filters,
RLS adaptive filters.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. D G Manolakis, V K Ingle and S M Kogon, “Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing”,
MGH, 2000.
2. M H Hayes, “Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling”, John Wiley, 2002.
Course Outcomes:
1. Describe behavior of LTI systems to stationary signals
2. Estimate autocorrelation and psd of stationary signals
3. Understand and design optimum and adaptive filters
IMAGE PROCESSING
Subject code: ECPE07
Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing
Credits: 3:0:1
Contact Hours: 42 + 14
Course objectives:
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Review the basics of Digital Image Processing.
Study different spatial and frequency domain image enhancement algorithms.
Appraise 2-D filtering and image restoration techniques.
Study on Line and Edge detection
Study Thresholding and Different Segmentation Techniques.
Course Contents:
UNIT-I
Introduction and Fundamentals: What is Digital Image Processing? Origins, Examples,
Fundamental Steps, Components, Elements of visual perception, Image Sensing and acquisition,
Image sampling and quantization, Basic relationship between pixels, Mathematical tools used in
image processing.
UNIT-II
Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering : Basic intensity transformation functions.
Histogram processing, Spatial filtering, smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters.
UNIT III
Image Transforms: Two dimensional Orthogonal and unitary Transforms, Properties of Unitary
Transforms, 1D-DFT,2D-DFT, DCT, Basics of filtering in the frequency domain , Image Smoothing
and Image Sharpening using Frequency domain filters.
UNIT-IV
Image Restoration: Model of image degradation/restoration process, noise models. Spatial
filtering. Periodic noise reduction, Linear position Invariant degradation, Estimating the
degradation function, Inverse filtering, MMSE filtering, Constrained least squares filtering,
Geometric mean filter.
UNIT-V
Image Segmentation: Fundamentals, Edge detection, Edge linking via Hough Transform,
Thresholding, Region Based Segmentation, Segmentation using Morphological Watersheds.
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List of Programs using Matlab:
Basic concepts of displaying images.
Conversion between images classes and types.
Spatial frequency in an image
Intensity Transformation functions
Spatial Filtering
Filtering in Frequency domain.
Image Restoration using filters.
Line and Edge detection using filter masks
Line detection using Hough Transform
Thresholding and Segmentation using Watershed Transform
TEXT BOOKS:
1. R C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, 3 rd edition, Pearson Education
2009.
2. R C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods,S.L.Eddins, “Digital Image Processing using MATLAB”, 2nd
REFERENCES:
1. Anil.K.Jain, “ Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Pearson 2002
Course outcomes:
1. Analyze general terminology of digital image processing.
2. Examine various types of images , intensity transformations and spatial filtering
3. Develop Fourier Transform for image processing in frequency domain.
4. Evaluate the methodologies for image restoration and segmentation.
5. Apply image processing algorithms in practical applications.
COMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS
Subject Code: ECPE08
Prerequisites: Analog Communication
Credits: 4 :0 :0
Contact Hours:56
Course Objectives:
1. Discuss the evolution, network topologies, regulations and standards of telecommunication
systems.
2. Explain the switching techniques, principle of working, features and applications of different
types of switching systems such as, crossbar systems, electronic systems, SPC systems and
digital switching systems.
3. Define the various terms used in the telecommunications traffic and analyze the loss
probability and delay probability of lost call systems and delay systems.
4. Discuss the different types of networks such as, ISDN, Cellular radio networks, intelligence
networks etc. in telecommunication systems.
5. Design the different types of space division switching networks and describe the principle of
working of different time division switching networks and also calculate the loss probability
(grade of service) of these networks.
6. Explain the software architecture and classification of software used in digital switching
systems and also discusses the maintenance of digital switching systems.
UNIT I
Evolution of Switching Systems: Evolution of telecommunications, Network structure,
Network services, Terminology, Regulation, Standards, the ISO reference model for open
systems interconnection, Message switching, Circuit switching, Basics of switching systems,
Functions of switching systems, Cross bar switching systems, Electronic switching.
Digital Switching Systems: Basic central office linkages, Evolution of digital switching
systems, Stored program control switching systems, Digital switching system fundamentals,
Building blocks of a digital switching system, Basic call processing.
UNIT II
Telecommunications Traffic: Introduction, unit of traffic, Congestion, Traffic measurements,
Mathematical model, Lost call systems, Theory, Traffic performance, Loss systems in tandem,
Queuing systems, Second Erlang distribution, Probability of delay, Finite queue capacity,
System with a single server, Queues in tandem, Delay tables, Application of delay formulae.
Networks: Introduction, ISDN, Intelligent networks, private networks and Cellular radio
networks.
UNIT III
Switching Networks: Introduction, single-stage network, Gradings, Principle, Design of
progressive grading, Other forms of grading, Traffic capacity of grading, Application of grading,
Link systems, General, Two-stages networks, Three-stage networks, Four-stage networks,
Discussion, Grades of service of link systems, Applications of graph theory to link systems, Use
of expansion, Call packing, Re-arrangeable networks, Strict sense three stage non blocking
networks.
UNIT IV
Time Division Switching: Introduction, Basic time division space switching, Basic time
division time switching, Time multiplexed space switching, Time multiplexed time switching,
Combination switching, Three stage combination switching, Grades of service of time division
switching networks, Synchronization, Frame alignment, Synchronization network.
UNIT V
Switching System Software: Basic software architecture, Operating systems, Database
management, Concept of generic programs, Software architecture for level-1, level-2 and level-3
control, Digital switching system software classification, Call models, Connect sequence,
Disconnect sequence, Software linkages during a call, Call features, Feature flow diagrams,
Feature interaction.
Maintenance of Digital Switching Systems: Introduction, software maintenance, interfaces of a
typical digital switching systems central office, system outage and its impact on digital switching
system reliability, impact of software patches on digital switching system maintainability,
growth of digital switching systems central offices, A methodology for reporting and correction
of field problems, diagnostic capabilities for proper maintenance of digital switching systems,
effect of firm ware deployment on digital switching systems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. J. E. Flood, “Telecommunication Switching Traffic and Networks”, Pearson Education,
Fourth impression, 2008.
2. Thiagarajan Viswanathan, “Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks”, PHI,
Thirty Fifth printing, August 2011.
3. Syed R. Ali, “Digital Switching Systems”, TMH, 2010.
REFERENCES:
1. John C. Bellamy, “Digital Telephony”, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2002.
Course Outcomes:
1. Employ the concepts of different types of switching techniques in voice and data
communication and apply the concept to different types of switching systems..
2. Use the concepts of basic principle of working of different types of networks for choosing
networks to provide required services to the customers at a satisfactory level.
3. Estimate the optimum number of switching elements (cross points) from the knowledge of
the design of different switching networks.
4. Select the suitable switching network which can carry optimum traffic with less loss
probability and blocking probability from the knowledge of the theory of working of
different switching networks.
5. Use the basic information of maintenance of digital switching systems to assess the
maintainability of a switching system (Central Office).
DISCRETE TIME CONTROL SYSTEMS
Subject Code : ECPE09
Prerequisites : Control Systems
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
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Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering in control systems
Discuss the basic principle of zero order and first order hold.
Understand discrete time models for sampled data systems.
Analyze digital control systems.
Obtain basic knowledge of digital process control design.
Course Contents:
UNIT I
Z plane analysis of discrete control systems: Impulse sampling and data hold, obtaining the ZTransform by the convolution integral method; Evaluation of the convolution integral in the left
half plane, right half plane, obtaining ZT of function involving the term
pulse transfer
function; convolution, starred Laplace Transform of the signal involving both ordinary and
starred Linear time systems, General procedure for obtaining pulse transfer functions, pulse
transfer function of cascaded elements, pulse transfer function of closed loop system, pulse
transfer controller of a digital PID Controller.
UNIT II
Design of DTC Systems by Conventional Methods: Mapping between the S-plane and the zplane, Mapping of the LH of the S-plane into Z-plane; Stability analysis of closed loop system in
the Z-plane; Jury stability test, bilinear transformation and Routh’s Stability, transient and steady
state response analysis.
UNIT III
Design of Discrete Time Control System: Design based on the Root Locus method; Design
based on the frequency method.
UNIT IV
State Space Analysis: State space representation of discrete time systems; Controllable
Canonical forms, Observable Canonical forms, Diagonal Canonical forms, Jordan Canonical
forms, Solving Discrete Time State Space equations, Lapnov’s Stability test.
UNIT V
Pole placement and observer design: Controllability, Observability, Design via Pole
Placement.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Katsuhiko Ogata, “Discrete Time Control System”, PHI, Second Edition, 2008
REFERENCES:
1. C. L. Phillips, H. Troy Nagle, “Digital Control System Analysis and Design”, PHI,
2. M. Gopal, “Digital Control and State Variable Methods”, Third edition, Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi, 2009.
3. Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, “Modern Control Systems”, Pearson Education, Eighth
Edition, 2005.
Course Outcomes:
1. Analyze, formulate and solve discrete control engineering problems.
2. Able to design a system, component or process to meet desired needs.
3. Apply the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.
LINEAR ALGEBRA
Subject Code : ECPE10
Prerequisites : Engineering Mathematics
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
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Use mathematically correct language and notation for Linear Algebra.
Become computational proficient involving procedures in Linear Algebra.
Understand the axiomatic structure of a modern mathematical subject and learn to construct
simple proofs.
Solve problems that apply Linear Algebra to Chemistry, Economics and Engineering.
UNIT I
Linear Equations in Linear Algebra: Systems of Linear Equations, Row reduction and
Echelon Forms, Vector Equations, Matrix Equation Ax=b, Solution Sets of Linear Systems,
Linear Independence, Introduction to Linear Transformations, Matrix of a Linear
Transformation, Linear Models in Engineering.
UNIT II
Vector Spaces: Vector Spaces and Subspaces, Null Spaces, Column Spaces and Linear
Transformations, Linearly Independent sets, Bases, Co-ordinate Systems, Dimensions of a
Vector Space, Rank, Applications to Difference Equations
UNIT III
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors, Characteristic equation, Diagonalization, eigen vectors and
Linear Transformations.
UNIT IV
Orthogonality and Least Squares: Inner Product, Length and Orthogonality, Orthogonal Sets,
Orthogonal Projections, Gram – Schmidt Process, Least Squares Problems
UNIT V
Symmetric Matrices and Quadratic Forms: Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices,
Quadratic Forms, Constrained Optimization, Singular Value Decomposition.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. David C Lay, “Linear Algebra and its Applications”, 3rd Edition, Pearson, 2005.
2. Gilbert Strang, “Linear Algebra and its Applications”, 3rd Edition, Thomson Learning Asia,
2003.
Course Outcomes:
1. Solve systems of linear equations using multiple methods, including Gaussian elimination
and matrix inversion.
2. Carry out matrix operations, including inverses and determinants.
3. Demonstrate understanding of the concepts of vector space and subspace.
4. Demonstrate understanding of linear independence, span, and basis.
5. Determine eigen values and eigenvectors and solve eigen value problems.
6. Apply principles of matrix algebra to linear transformations.
7. Demonstrate understanding of inner products and associated norms.
MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Subject Code : ECPE11
Prerequisites : Solid State Circuits and Devices
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours:56
Course Objectives:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Get an overview of microsytems.
Learn about typical applications of microsystems.
Understand scaling laws.
Understand the principles of microsensors and microactuators.
Understand the various principles of operations of mems transducers.
Learn basic electrostatics and its applications in MEMS sensors and actuators.
Understand about RF MEMS and its applications.
Familiarize oneself with atleast one MEMS CAD tool.
Learn about ways to fabricate MEMS device
Understand the packaging needs for MEMS devices.
Course Contents:
UNIT 1
Introduction to MEMS: Historical background of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems,
Feynman’s vision, Nano technology and its applications, multi-disciplinary aspects, basic
technologies, application areas, scaling laws in miniaturization, scaling in geometry,
electrostatics, electromagnetics, electricity and heat transfer
UNIT II
Micro and Smart Devices and Systems – Principles: Transduction principles in MEMS
Sensors: Micro sensors-thermal radiation, mechanical and bio-sensors, Actuators: different
actuation mechanisms - silicon capacitive accelerometer, piezo-resistive pressure sensor, blood
analyzer, conductometric gas sensor, silicon micro-mirror arrays, piezo-electric based inkjet print
head, electrostatic comb-driver, Smart phone applications, Smart buildings
UNIT III
Materials and Micromanufacturing: Semiconducting materials, Silicon, Silicon dioxide,
Silicon Nitride, Quartz, Poly silicon, Polymers, Materials for wafer processing, Packaging
materials
Silicon wafer processing, lithography, thin-film deposition, etching (wet and dry), waferbonding, Silicon micromachining: surface, bulk, LIGA process, Wafer bonding process.
UNIT IV
Electrical and Electronics Aspects: Electrostatics, Coupled electro mechanics, stability and
Pull-in phenomenon, Practical signal conditioning circuits for microsystems, Characterization of
pressure sensors, RF MEMS. Switches, varactors, tuned filters, Micromirror array for control
and switching in optical communication, Application circuits based on microcontrollers for
pressure sensor, Accelerometer, Modeling using CAD Tools (Intellisuite)
UNIT V
Integration and Packaging of Microelectromechanical Systems: Integration of
microelectronics and micro devices at wafer and chip levels, Microelectronic packaging: wire
and ball bonding, flip-chip, Microsystem packaging examples, Testing of Micro sensors,
Qualification of MEMS devices
TEXT BOOKS:
1. G. K. Ananthasuresh, K. J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, K. N. Bhat, V. K. Aatre, “Micro and
Smart Systems”, Wiley India, First edition, 2010
2. T R Hsu, “MEMS and Microsystems Design and Manufacturing”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd
Edition, 2008
3. Chang Liu, “Foundations of MEMS”, Pearson International Edition, 2006
4. S D Senturia, “Microsystem Design”, Springer International Edition, 2001
Course Outcomes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Understand Micro Systems and their applications.
Analyze scaling laws and operation of various practical MEMS systems.
Analyze the electrical and electronics aspects of MEMS system.
Describe the various RF MEMS applications.
Describe various fabrication techniques and packaging methods for MEMS devices.
NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY SYSTEMS
Subject Code : ECPE12
Prerequisites : Nil
Credits: 3:0:1
Contact Hours: 42 +14
Course Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Understand neural networks and fuzzy logic fundamentals and theory.
Express the functional components of neural network classifiers and fuzzy logic classifiers.
Develop and implement a basic trainable neural network.
Develop and implement fuzzy logic system.
UNIT I
Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Biological neurons and their artificial models, Neural
Network Architecture: Single Layer, Multi layer Feed Forward Networks, Recurrent Networks,
Learning methods.
UNIT II
Back Propagation Networks: Architecture of a back propagation network, Back propagation
learning, Training of Neural network, Method of steepest descent, effect of learning rate, Back
propagation algorithm.
UNIT III
Fuzzy Set Theory: Fuzzy vs crisp sets, crisp sets, Operations on crisp sets, properties of crisp
sets, partition and covering. Membership function, Basic fuzzy set operations, properties of
Fuzzy sets, Crisp relations and Fuzzy relations.
UNIT IV
Fuzzy systems: Crisp logic: Laws of propositional logic, inference in propositional logic.
Predicate logic: Interpretations of predicate logic formula, inference in predicate logic. Fuzzy
logic: Fuzzy Quantifiers, Fuzzy inference. Fuzzy rule based system, defuzzification.
Applications: Greg Viot’s Fuzzy cruise controller, Air conditioner controller.
UNIT V
Applications: MATLAB Implementation: Pattern classification using Hebb net and McCulloch
–Pitts net, Pattern recognition using Perceptron Networks, Implementation of all fuzzy
operations on both discrete and continuous fuzzy sets, Defuzzification, Fuzzy inference system.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. S. Rajasekaran, G.A. Vijayalakshmi Pai, “Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic and Genetic
algorithms”, PHI, 2003.
2. S. N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi, S N Deepa , “Introduction to Neural Networks using Matlab
6.0”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
3. Timothy Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, John Wiley and Sons, 2004.
REFERENCES:
1. Jacek M. Zurada , “Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems”, Jaico Publishing House.
2. Simon Haykin, “Neural Networks- A Comprehensive Foundation”, Pearson Education, 2001.
3. B. Kosko, “Neural Networks and Fuzzy systems, Prentice Hall, 1991.
Course Outcomes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Generate logic functions like AND, OR, XOR using learning rules.
Apply Hebb rule and perceptron learning rule for pattern classification problem.
Understand character recognition and data compression using back propagation network.
Apply the rules of fuzzy logic for fuzzy controller.
Apply fuzzy set operations and defuzzification for control system applications.
CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY
Subject Code : ECPE13
Prerequisites : Nil
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours:56
Course Objectives:
1. Explain the objectives of information security, and application of each of confidentiality and
integrity.
2. Analyze the tradeoffs inherent in security
3. Understand the basic categories of threats to computers and networks
4. Describe efficient basic number theoretic algorithms, including greatest common divisor,
multiplicative inverse mod n, and raising to powers mod n.
5. Understand the principles of symmetric and asymmetric cryptography
6. Discuss the fundamental ideas of public key cryptography.
7. Analyze the importance of elliptical curve encryption and decryption
8. Understand steganography and its applications
UNIT I
Introduction: Overview of modern cyptography, Number theory principles, Euclid’s algorithm,
Extended Euclid’s algorithm, Chinese Remainder Theorem, Discrete logarithm, classical
encryption techniques.
UNIT II
Block Cipher and DES: S-Box Design Principles, Block cipher modes of operation, Attacks
and applications on DES, Stream Ciphers, Pseudorandom functions
UNIT III
Asymmetric key cryptography: RSA, Mathematical foundations of RSA, Attacks on RSA. The
Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP), Diffie Hellman Key Exchange algorithm, El Gamal
encryption.
UNIT IV
Digital signatures: Signature schemes, Theory of Elliptic Curves, Elliptic Curve Encryption
and Decryption
UNIT V
Steganography: Types and its applications, Intruders, viruses and firewalls.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. W. Stallings, "Cryptography and Network Security", 4th Edition, Pearson Education.
2. B. A. Forouzan, "Cryptography & Network Security", Tata Mc Graw Hill.
3. Neal Koblitz, “A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography”, Springer Verlag, New York
Inc. May 2001.
4. Hoffstein, Pipher, Silvermman, "An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography", Springer,
2008.
Course Outcomes:
1. Analyze and design classical encryption techniques and their applications for computer
networks.
2. Analyze and design block ciphers and their applications for computer networks.
3. Understand and analyze data encryption standard.
4. Understand and analyze advanced encryption standard.
5. Design confidentiality schemes using symmetric encryption.
6. Understand and analyze public-key cryptography and RSA.
7. Design key management scheme, digital signatures and authentication protocols.
8. Design steganographic schemes for various applications.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
Subject Code : ECPE14
Prerequisites : Digital Communication
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
•
Understand the basics of Global Positioning System.
•
Appreciate the functioning of different segments in GPS system.
•
Recognize the coordination of GPS time with earth rotation.
•
Understand the concepts of positioning of satellites in earth’s orbit.
•
Recognize the significance of GPS navigation systems.
•
Understand the concepts of wave propagation in the ionosphere.
•
Illustrate the effects of ionosphere on GPS observations.
•
Study of interdisciplinary applications of GPS system.
UNIT I
History of GPS: BC4 System, HIRAN, NNSS, NAVSTAR GLONASS and GNSS Systems,
GPS Constellation, Space Segment, Control Segment, User Segment, Single and Dual
Frequency, Point, Relative, Differential GPS, Static and Kinematic Positioning, 2D and 3D,
reporting Anti Spoofing (AS); Selective Availability (SA), DOP Factors.
UNIT II
Coordinate Systems: Geocentric Coordinate System, Conventional Terrestrial Reference
System, Orbit Description, Keplerian Orbit, Kepler Elements, Satellite Visibility, Topocentric
Motion, Disturbed Satellite Motion, Perturbed Motion, Disturbing Accelerations, Perturbed
Orbit, Time Systems, Astronomical Time System, Atomic Time, GPS Time, Need for
Coordination, Link to Earth Rotation, Time and Earth Motion Services.
UNIT III
Different Codes: C/A code; P-code; Y-code; L1, L2 Carrier frequencies, Code Pseudo Ranges,
Carrier Phases, Pseudo Ranges, Satellite Signal Signature, Navigation Messages and Formats,
Undifferenced and Differenced Range Models, Delta Ranges, Signal Processing and Processing
Techniques, Tracking Networks, Ephemerides, Data Combination: Narrow Lane; Wide Lane,
OTF Ambiguity.
UNIT IV
Propagation Media: Multipath, Antenna Phase Centre, Atmosphere, Elements of Wave
Propagation, Ionospheric effects on GPS Observations, Code Delay, Phase Advances, Integer
Bias, Clock Error, Cycle Slip, Noise Bias, Blunders, Tropospheric Effects on GPS oberservable,
Multipath effect, Antenna Phase Centre Problems and Correction.
UNIT V
Interdisciplinary Applications: Crystal Dynamics, Gravity Field Mapping, Atmospheric
Occulation, Surveying, Geophysics, Air borne GPS, Ground Transportation, Space borne GPS,
Metrological and Climate Research using GPS.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. B. Hoffman Wellenhof, H. Lichtenegger and J. Collins, "GPS: Theory and Practice", 4th
revised edition, Springer, New York,1997
2. A. Leick, "GPS Satellites Surveying", 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995
3. B. Parkinson, J. Spilker, Jr.(Eds), "GPS: Theory and Applications", Vol. I and Vol. II, AIAA,
1996
4. A. Kleusberg and P. Teunisen(Eds), “GPS for Geodesy”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1996
5. L. Adams, "The GPS - A Shared National Asset”, Chair, National Academy Press, 1995
Course Outcomes:
1. Employ the concepts in the implementation and function of different segments of GPS
system.
2. Describe the need for synchronizing GPS time with earth rotation.
3. Employ the basic concepts to position the satellites in earth’s orbit and the importance of
GPS navigation in location identification.
4. Describe the wave propagation mechanism in the ionosphere region.
5. Analyze the ionospheric effects and interdisciplinary applications on GPS system.
LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN
Subject Code : ECPE15
Prerequisites : VLSI Design and Circuits
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain the basic design concepts for low power VLSI circuits in CMOS technology.
Apply the knowledge in low-power VLSI circuit analysis and simulation.
Identify the critical parameters that affect the VLSI circuits’ performance.
Design low-power VLSI circuits by using CMOS processes.
Course Contents:
UNIT I
Power Dissipation in CMOS: Introduction: Need for low power VLSI chips, sources of power
consumption, introduction to CMOS inverter power dissipation, low power VLSI design limits,
basic principle of low power design.
UNIT II
Power Optimization: Logical Level Power Optimization: gate reorganization, local
restructuring, signal gating, logic encoding, state machine encoding, pre-computation logic
Circuit Level Power Optimization: Transistor and gate sizing, equivalent pin ordering,
network restructuring and re-organization, special latches and flip-flops.
UNIT III
Design of Low Power CMOS Circuits: Reducing power consumption in memories, low power
techniques for SRAM, circuit techniques for reducing power consumption in adders and
multipliers, Special techniques: power reduction and clock networks, CMOS floating gate, low
power bus, delay balancing.
UNIT IV
Power Estimation: Simulation power analysis: SPICE circuit simulation, Gate level Simulation,
Architectural level analysis, Data correlation analysis in DSP systems, Monte-Carlo simulation.
Probabilistic Power analysis: random signals, probabilistic techniques for signal activity
estimation, propagation of static probability in logic circuits, gate level power analysis using
transition density.
UNIT V
Synthesis and Software Design for Low Power: Synthesis for low power: behavioral level
transforms, algorithm level transforms for low power, architecture driven voltage scaling, power
optimization using operation reduction, operation substitution.
Software Design for Low Power: sources of software power dissipation, gate level, architecture
level, bus switching activity. Case study: Multi-core processor architecture such as ARM, AMD.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gary Yeap, “Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design”, Kluwer, 1998.
2. K. Roy and S.C. Prasad, “Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design”, Wiley, 2000.
REFERENCES:
1. Dimitrios Soudris, Chirstian Pignet, Costas Goutis, “Designing CMOS Circuits for Low
Power”, Kluwer, 2002
2. Jan M. Rabaey and Massoud Pedram, “ Low Power Design Methodologies”, KAP, 1996.
3. A. P. Chandrakasan and R.W. Broadersen, Low Power Digital CMOS Design”, Kluwer,
1995.
4. Abdellatif Bellaouar, Mohamed.I. Elmasry, “Low Power Digital VLSI Designs”, Kluwer,
1995.
Course Outcomes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Investigate low power design techniques.
Classify the mechanisms of power dissipation in CMOS integrated circuits;
Model power dissipation and use optimization methods on various levels;
Apply in practice technology-level, circuit-level, and system-level power optimization
techniques.
5. Analyze and to design low-power VLSI circuits using different circuit technologies and
design levels.
DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Subject Code: ECPE16
Prerequisites: Electronic Circuits
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours:56
Course Objectives:
•
•
•
•
•
Give overview of design aspect of an electronic system meeting customer requirement.
Select transmission lines optimizing various parameters.
Understand importance of packaging technology and MCM.
PCB laminates and fabrication process and method of PCB selection for systems.
Design consideration for selecting frequency, transmitter, power and receiver for a radar
system.
UNIT I
Overview of design of electronic systems: Introduction to electronic systems, Distinguishing
feature and difference between electronic system and circuit, Role of Electronic System Design
and Manufacturing Hub and global opportunities for electronic engineers, Development stages
and evolution of electronic systems: current and future trends, Significance of time of
completion, development of intellectual asset and engineer’s role, Achieving cost effective
solution through electronic systems, Impact of global competition and innovation on system
design.
UNIT II
Phases Involved in System Engineering Process: Challenges of system design, Need analysis,
technique of translating user need to a well defined requirement, Globalization and its impact on
electronic system design, Cost benefits of system design, Broad classification of systems as
consumer, professional, defense: salient differences through practical examples, various
standards and their importance: ISO, ISI, JSS, Case studies
UNIT III
Packaging & Product Development: Introduction and overview of microelectronics packaging
& its influence on system performance & cost, Packaging hierarchy, Driving force on packaging
technology, PCB Technologies: Selection process of laminates in electronics in different
applications, Overview of PCB laminates structure and overview of important laminates.
UNIT IV
Case Studies on Radar System Design: Introduction to working principles of Radar, Radar
equation, importance of probabilities of detection & False alarm, Radar cross section of targets
and its role on system parameters, working principle of phased array and active aperture radar,
overview of system consideration during the design of radar.
UNIT V
Case Studies on Consumer Systems: Based on mobile telephone: Automated parking with
security arrangements, Based on rural requirements: Food and health management.
TEXT BOOKS:
1.
2.
3.
Merrill. I. Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition, 2001.
Rao R Tum Mala, “Fundamentals of Microsystems Packaging”, McGraw Hill, NY 2001.
William D Brown, “Advanced Electronic Packaging”, IEEE Press, 1999.
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand the distinguishing features and difference between electronic system and circuits
2. Understand impact of global competition and innovation in system design
3. Understand the process of translating user requirement to implementable steps and Classify
systems as consumer, professional, defense.
4. Understand influence of microelectronics packaging on system performance and understand
PCB laminates structure and properties.
5. Derive Radar equation and discuss the overview of system consideration during the design of
radar and work out system configuration for a consumer requirement.
DATA COMPRESSION
Subject Code: ECPE17
Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Appreciate the significance of data compression in real world.
Differentiate between lossy and lossless compression methods.
Illustrate different lossy and lossless compression methods.
Apply compression methods to different data types which include audio, text and images.
Categorize some audio compression and image compression standards.
Adapt different video compression techniques.
Study different video compression standards like H.261, H.264, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG4 and MPEG-7.
UNIT I
Lossless Compression: Huffman coding, Adaptive Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding,
Comparison, Dictionary techniques
UNIT II
Lossy Compression: Scalar quantization, Uniform quantizer, Vector quantization – Advantages,
LBG algorithm, Differential coding – Basic algorithm, Prediction in DPCM, Delta Modulation,
Transform coding – Transform, Transforms of interest, Quantization and coding of transform
coefficients
UNIT – III
Image Compression Standards: JPEG, Embedded Zerotree Coder, SPIHT, JPEG 2000, JPEGLS, JBIG, JBIG2
UNIT – IV
Video Compression Techniques: Motion Compensation, Search for Motion Vectors, H.261,
H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, H.264
UNIT – V
Audio Compression: ADPCM in Speech coding, G.726 ADPCM, Vocoders
MPEG Audio Compression: Psychoacoustics, MPEG Audio
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Khalid Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression”, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, 2006.
2. Ze-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, “Fundamentals of Multimedia”, Pearson Education, 2004.
References:
1. David Saloman, “Data Compression: The Complete Reference”, 4th Edition, 2007.
2. M. Ghanbari, “Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding”, IEE,
2003.
3. Iain E. G. Richardson, “H. 264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression”, John Wiley, 2003.
Course Outcomes:
1. Explain the importance of data compression.
2. Code and decode text using Huffman, arithmetic and dictionary based methods.
3. Understand the image compression standards JPEG and JPEG 2000.
4. Describe different video compression standards
RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
Subject Code: ECPE18
Prerequisites: Microwaves and Antennas and Propagation
Course Objectives:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact hours: 56
To be familiar with the principle of RADAR and NAVIGATIONAL AIDS.
To make the student understand the principles of Radar and its use in military
and civilian environment.
To make the student familiar with navigational aids available for navigation of
aircrafts and ships.
To strengthen students’ knowledge in radar applications.
To design simple radar system for understanding vehicular movements.
To become familiar with different navigational systems and directional finders.
UNIT- I: INTRODUCTION TO RADAR
Basic Radar –The nature of Radar-Block diagram of simple Radar-Simple form of the Radar
Equation- Maximum Unambiguous range of Radar- Radar Block Diagram- Radar
Frequencies –Applications of Radar – The Origins of Radar
THE RADAR EQUATION-Introduction- Range performance-Minimum Detectable signalReceiver noise and signal-to-noise ratio-Radar cross-section of Targets-Signal-to-noise ratioPRF and Range Ambiguities-System Losses-Plumbing loss-Beam Shape loss-Limiting lossCollapsing loss-Non-ideal Equipment-Operator loss-Field Degradation-Other loss factorsStraddling loss-Propagation Effects.
UNIT-II: MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR
Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar- The Doppler Effect-CW Doppler Radar- Coherent
MTI -Delay Line Cancelers-Filter characteristics of Delay-line canceller-Blind Speeds- Clutter
attenuation –Blind Phases- Digital MTI Processing – Pulse Doppler Radar–Moving Target
Detector-Original MTD Signal Processor-Performance and Limitations of MTI.
UNIT-III: TRACKING RADAR
Tracking with Radar – Sequential Lobing - Conical Scan and Monopulse Tracking –Tracking in
Range-Target Acquisition-Comparison of Trackers - Automatic Tracking with Surveillance
Radars (ADT).
Radar Receivers - The Radar Receiver - Receiver noise Figure – Noise Figure of networks in
cascade-Effective Noise Temperature- Mixers-Low-noise Front-ends- Radar DisplaysDuplexers and Receiver Protectors
UNIT IV: DETECTION OF SIGNALS IN NOISE AND SPECIAL
TYPES OF RADAR
Detection of Signals in Noise -Introduction – Matched –Filter Receiver –Correlation DetectorsDetection Criteria – Detector characteristics
Special Types of Radar - Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-Air-Surveillance Radar-Electronic
Counter Measure- Bistatic Radar- Millimeter Wave Radar.
UNIT-V: NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
Navigation-Introduction - Four methods of Navigation.
Radio Direction Finding - The Loop Antenna - The Goniometer - Adcock Direction
Finders - Automatic Direction Finders
Radio Ranges - Hyperbolic Systems of Navigation (Loran and Decca) - Loran-A - Loran-C
Distance Measuring Equipment - Operation of DME- TACAN
Aids to Approach and Landing - Instrument Landing System - Ground ControlledApproach
System –Surveillance Radar Element-Precision Approach Radar
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Merrill I. Skolnik," Introduction to Radar Systems", Tata McGraw-Hill (3rd Edition)2003.
2. N.S.Nagaraja, Elements of Electronic Navigation Systems, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2001.
REFERENCES
1. Peyton Z. Peebles: "Radar Principles", John Wiley, 2004
2. J.C Toomay, “Principles of Radar", 2nd Edition –PHI, 2004
Course Outcomes:
1. Derive and discuss the Range equation and the nature of detection.
2. Apply Doppler principle in the detection of moving targets and able to understand types
of Doppler radars.
3. Understand principles of tracking radars and refresh the principles of
transmitters and receivers.
4. Analyze the presence of signals in noise and identify special types of radars.
5. Understand the principles of navigation, Radio direction finding, DME and TACAN
systems.
WAVELETS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Subject Code : ECPE19
Prerequisites : Digital Signal Processing
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
•
•
•
•
Illustrate time frequency resolution using wavelet transform
Understand the significance of multi resolution analysis.
Understand DWT and DTWT and their interpretation using orthonormal PRQMF filter.
Develop applications of wavelet transform in data compression, denoising, edge detection
UNIT I
Introduction: Continuous wavelet transforms, Properties, Inverse transform, Examples of
mother wavelets, Analytic wavelet transform,
UNIT II
Introduction to Discrete Wavelet Transform: MRA, A wavelet basis for MRA, Digital
filtering interpretation, Examples of orthogonal basis – generating wavelets, Interpreting
orthonormal MRAs for discrete time signals.
UNIT III
Biorthogonal Wavelets: Biorthogonal wavelet bases, Filtering relationship for biorthogonal
filters, Examples of biorthogonal scaling functions and wavelets, Two dimensional wavelets,
Multidimensional wavelets and wavelet packets.
UNIT IV
Wavelet transform and data compression: Transform coding, DTWT for image compression,
Audio compression and video coding
UNIT V
Applications of Wavelet Transforms: Denoising, Biomedical applications, Applications in
communication system, Edge detection and object isolation, Image fusion.
Textbooks:
1. Raghuveer M. Rao, Ajit S. Bopardikar, “Wavelet Transforms: Introduction to Theory &
Applications”, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2003
2. Agostino Abbate, Casimer M. DeCusatis and Pankaj K. Das, “Wavelets and Subbands
Fundamentals and Applications”,
3. K.P. Soman and K.L. Ramchandran, “Insight into Wavelets from theory to practice”,
Eastern Economy Edition, 2008
4. Stephane G. Mallat, “A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing”, Academic Press, Second
Edition, 1999.
Course Outcomes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Analyze CWT for any signal using wavelets.
Design higher level decomposition and reconstruction using PRQMF filters.
Design data compression using EZW and SPIHT algorithm.
Employ wavelet transforms for denoising, speckle removal object detection and data
communication
SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION
Subject Code : ECPE20
Prerequisites : Digital Communication
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours:56
Course Objectives:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Understand the concept of spreading and de-spreading of message sequence.
Apply the methods to reject narrowband interference.
Understand the concept of frequency hopping spread spectrum system.
Demonstrate the applications of frequency synthesizers in frequency hopping based
modulator.
Recognize the need for diversity techniques to overcome the effect of fading.
Appreciate the significance of multi-carrier CDMA system.
Understand the principle of CDMA and FHMA multiple access techniques.
Appreciate the significance of power control techniques in CDMA system.
Understand the concepts of multi-user detection.
Understand the concepts of detection of CDMA and FHMA signals.
Course Contents:
UNIT I
Direct Sequence Systems: Definitions and concepts, Spreading sequences and waveforms,
systems with BPSK modulation, Quaternary systems, pulsed interference, De-spreading with
Band-pass Matched Filters, Rejection of Narrow-band Interference
UNIT II
Frequency Hopping Systems: Concepts and Characteristics, Frequency Hopping with
Orthogonal FSK, Frequency Hopping with CPM and DPSK, Hybrid Systems, Codes for Partial
band Interference, Frequency Synthesizers
UNIT III
Fading and Diversity: Path Loss, Shadowing, and Fading, Time-Selective Fading, Spatial
Diversity and Fading, Frequency selective Fading, Channel Impulse Response, Diversity for
Fading Channels, Rake Demodulator, Diversity and Spread Spectrum, Multicarrier Direct
Sequence Systems, MC CDMA System, DS CDMA System with Frequency Domain
Equalization
UNIT IV
Code Division Multiple Access and Frequency Hopping Multiple Access: Spreading
Sequences for DS/CDMA, Systems with Random Spreading Sequences, Cellular Networks and
Power Control, Frequency hopping Multiple Access
UNIT V
Detection of Spread Spectrum Signals: Multiuser detectors, Detection of Spread Spectrum
Signals, Detection of Direct Sequence Signals, Estimation of Noise Power, Detection of
Frequency hopping Signals
Textbooks:
1. Don Torrieri, “Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems”, 2nd Edition,
Springer Verlag, 2005.
2. Robert C. Dixion, “Spread Spectrum Systems with Commercial Applications”, John Wiley &
Sons, 3rd Edition, 1994.
3. Andrew J. Viterbi, “Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication”, Addison Wesley
Publishing Company, 2nd Edition, 1995.
Course Outcomes:
1. Employ the spreading and de-spreading principle in direct sequence spread spectrum based
communication systems.
2. Employ the concept of frequency hopping to avoid jamming in digital communication
systems.
3. Analyze the significance of rake receiver in combating the effect of multi-path fading.
4. Employ the concept of CDMA and FHMA multiple access techniques and importance of
power control technique in CDMA system.
5. Employ the concepts of multiuser detection in digital communication receivers to detect
CDMA and FHMA signals
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Subject Code: ECPE21
Prerequisites: Communication
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours: 56
Course Objectives:
•
•
•
•
Familiarize with the satellite networks market and the future needs and challenges
Apply mathematical models of satellite networks
Strengthen knowledge in satellite communication systems
Design satellite communication systems.
Course Contents:
UNIT I
Orbits and Launching Methods: Introduction, Frequency allocations for Satellite Services,
Kepler’s 1st, 2nd and 3rd laws, Definitions of terms for Earth Orbiting Satellites, Orbital elements,
Apogee and Perigee heights, Orbit perturbations – effects of nonspherical Earth, Atmospheric
Drag and related problems, Sun-synchronous orbit, Geostationary orbit, Launching orbits.
UNIT II
Space Segments: Power Supply, Attitude Control – Spin and Three – axis stabilization, Station
keeping, Thermal control, TT & C (Telemetry, Tracking and Command subsystems) and
Transponders.
UNIT III
Space Link and Interference: Introduction, Equivalent isotropic radiated power [EIRP],
Transmission Losses. link power budget equation, System noise, Carrier-to-noise ratio, Uplink,
Downlink, Combined uplink and downlink C/N ratio, Intermodulation Noise, Interference
between Satellite Circuits, (C/I) for uplink and downlink, combined (C/I) on both uplink and
downlinks.
UNIT IV
Satellite Access: Introduction, Single Access, Preassigned FDMA, Demand assigned FDMA,
TDMA, On-board signal processing for FDMA/TDMA operation, Satellite-switched TDMA,
CDMA
UNIT V
Satellite Services: Introduction, Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) Services, MAT, VSAT,
RADARSAT, Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system, ORBCOMM, IRIDIUM.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Dennis Roddy, “Satellite Communications”, MGH, 2nd Edition, 1996.
REFERENCES:
1. Richharia M, “Satellite Communication Systems”, 2nd Edition, MGH, 1999.
2. Timothy Pratt, Charles W. Bostian, Jeremy E. Allnut, “Satellite Communications”, John
Wiley, 2nd Edition, 2002.
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand the characteristics of satellite communication Orbits, Launching Methods and
channels.
2. Apply analytical and empirical models in the design of satellite networks and space
segments.
3. Understand the traffic and queuing theory, space links, interference and analyze the
performance of satellite systems
4. Understand the multiple division and modulation techniques for satellite access.
5. Describe the various services offered in satellite communication systems.
RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Subject Code : ECPE22
Prerequisites : Nil
Credits: 4:0:0
Contact Hours:56
Course Objectives:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Understand and design RLC circuits in RF circuits.
Understand passive IC components characteristics.
Understand the transistor behavior for RF circuit design.
Analyze lumped parameter descriptions of RF circuits.
Appreciate the importance of Smith Chart and S-parameters for RF design.
Identify the factors for bandwidth limitation.
Design RF amplifiers with extended bandwidths.
Develop a design strategy for LNA.
Comprehend mixer fundamentals and design LC networks.
Understand and design the RF Power amplifiers.
Course Contents:
UNIT I
Introduction: Radio Frequency systems
Passive RLC Networks: Introduction, Parallel RLC Tank, Series RLC Networks, Other RLC
networks, RLC Networks as impedance Transformers.
Characteristics of passive IC components: Introduction, Interconnect at radio frequencies:
Skin effect, resistors, Capacitors, Inductors.
UNIT II
A review of MOS device physics: Introduction, A little history, FETs, MOSFET physics, The
long – channels approximation, operation in weak inversion (sub threshold), MOS device
physics in the short – channel regime, Other effects.
Distributed Systems: Introduction, Link between lumped and distributed regimes driving-point
impedance of iterated structures, Transmission lines in more detail, Behavior of Finite – length
transmission lines, summary of transmission line equations, artificial lines.
UNIT III
The SMITH chart and S-parameters: Introduction, The smith chart, S-parameters, Band
Width Estimation Techniques, Introduction, The method of open – circuit time constant, The
method of short circuit time constant, Rise time, Delay and bandwidth.
UNIT IV
High frequency amplifier design: Introduction, Zeros as bandwidth Enhancers, The shunt –
series amplifier, Bandwidth Enhancement with fT Doublers, Tuned amplifiers, Neutralization and
unilateralization, Cascaded amplifiers, AM – PM conversion.
Low noise amplifier design: Introduction, Derivation of intrinsic MOSFET two-port noise
parameters, LNA topologies: Power match versus noise match, Power-constrained noise
optimization, Design examples, linearity and large signal performance, Spurious – free Dynamic
range.
UNIT V
Mixers: Introduction, Mixer fundamental, nonlinear systems as linear mixers, Multiplier – based
mixers.
RF power amplifiers: Introduction, Modulation of power amplifiers, summary of PA
characteristics, RF PA design examples, additional design considerations, Design summery.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Thomas H. Lee, “The design of CMOS Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit”, Cambridge, 2nd
Edition, 2004.
REFERENCES:
Behzad Razavi, “Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuit”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005.
Course Outcomes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Design RLC networks and describe passive IC components characteristics
Analyzer MOS behavior and distributed parameters for RF.
Use Smith Chart for design of S-parameters.
Analyze and design circuits for bandwidth extension and LNAs
To design mixers using LC networks and RF Power amplifiers.