Access the SAS content at: www.pdesas.org Modern Europe (Level 3) Unit 1: Industrial Revolution and Imperialism Suggested Duration: about 8 days Standards, Big Ideas, and Essential Questions Concepts Competencies and Social Studies Core Skills Vocabulary/Content Big Idea: Advancements in technology produced the Industrial Revolution, while advancements in science and medicine altered the lives of people living in the new industrial cities. Though capitalism fueled the Industrial Revolution and led European nations to conquer African and Asian lands in order to acquire resources, new economic systems like socialism were being considered. Students should know that: • The Industrial Revolution began in England and spread to the rest of Western Europe and the United States. • With the Industrial Revolution came an increased demand for raw materials from the Americas, Asia, and Africa. • Advancements in technology produced the Industrial Revolution, while advancements in science and medicine altered the lives of people living in the new industrial cities. • Agricultural economies were based on the family unit. The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on the structure and function of the family. • The Industrial Revolution placed RTM Core Social Studies Skills: • Map skills • Interpretation of charts and graphs • Analysis and interpretation of political cartoons • Analysis and interpretation based on synthesis of facts • Notetaking and organizational skills • Reading comprehension • Research skills • Written and oral expression of facts and concepts Students will be able to: • Cite scientific, technological, and industrial developments and explain how they brought about urbanization and social and environmental changes Industrial Revolution •
Originated in England because of its natural resources and the invention and improvement of the steam engine •
Spread to Europe and the U.S. •
Role of cotton textile, iron, and steel industries •
Relationship to British Enclosure Movement •
Rise of the factory system and demise of cottage industries •
Rising economic powers that wanted to control raw materials and markets throughout the world Technological advances •
Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves •
Steam Engine: James Watt •
Process for making steel: Henry Bessemer Science and medical advancements •
Development of smallpox vaccination: Edward Jenner •
Discovery of Bacteria: Louis Pasteur Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries •
Population increase •
Increased standards of living for many but not all •
Improved transportation Standards: 8.1.12; 8.4.12
Essential Questions: 1. Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England? 2. Why did the spread of industrialism to Europe and the United States accelerate colonialism Instructional Materials Text Chapters 7, 9, and 12. Rules of a Factory in Berlin and other accounts on factory life Kikuyu tribe fable on imperialism Suggested Activities Create a chart of the inventors and scientists of the IR, what their contribution was and how it changed people’s lives. Create a political cartoon on imperialism from either the perspective of an African/Asian native or an imperialist. Labor union/management simulation in which students break up into 2 sides and negotiate a new contract. Create chart comparing capitalism, socialism, Marxism, and communism. 3.
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and imperialism? How did the Industrial Revolution produce changes in culture and society? How did the Industrial Revolution impact the lives of women, children, and the family? Why did workers organize into labor unions? What was the role of capitalism and market competition in the Industrial Revolution? What were some theories opposed to capitalism? Why did European countries participate in imperialism and a race for colonies? What were some responses of colonized peoples to European imperialism? •
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new demands on the labor of men, women, and children. Workers organized labor unions to fight for improved working conditions and workers’ rights. Capitalism and market competition fueled the Industrial Revolution. Wealth increased the standard of living for some. Some dislocations associated with capitalism produced a range of economic and political ideas, including socialism and communism. Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies. These nations competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure their own economic and political success. Imperialism spread the economic, political, and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world. Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed conflict and •
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Explain the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic power, and the subsequent development of socialism and communism Describe the evolution of the nature of work and the labor force, including its effects on families, the status of women and children, and the labor union movement Explain the rise of Industrial economies and their links to imperialism and nationalism Assess the impact of European economic and military power on Asia and Africa, with emphasis on the competition for resources and the responses of colonized peoples •
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Urbanization Environmental pollution Increased education Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions Growth of the middle class •
The nature of work in the factory system •
Family‐based cottage industries displaced by the factory system •
Harsh working conditions with men competing with women and children for wages •
Child labor that kept costs of production low and profits high •
Owners of mines and factories who exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers Social effects of the Industrial Revolution •
Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor •
Introduction of reforms to end child labor •
Expansion of education •
Women’s increased demands for suffrage The rise of labor unions •
Encouraged worker‐organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions •
Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children •
Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management Capitalism •
Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations intellectual movements. •
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Role of market competition and entrepreneurial abilities Impact on standard of living and growth of the middle class Dissatisfaction with poor working conditions and the unequal distribution of wealth in society Socialism and Communism •
Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels) and Das Kapital •
Response to the injustices of capitalism •
Importance to communists of redistribution of wealth Forms of imperialism •
Colonies •
Protectorates •
Spheres of Influence Imperialism in Africa and Asia •
European domination •
European conflicts carried to the colonies •
Christian missionary efforts •
Spheres of influence in China •
East India Company’s domination of Indian states •
Suez Canal •
America’s opening of Japan to trade Responses of colonized peoples •
Armed conflicts (e.g. Boxer Rebellion and Sepoy Rebellion) •
Rise of nationalism (e.g. first Indian nationalist party founded in mid‐1800s) Modern Europe (Level 3) Unit 2: World War I Suggested Duration: about 12 days Access the SAS content at: www.pdesas.org Standards, Big Ideas, and Essential Questions Big Idea: WWI was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy. The war transformed European life, wrecked European economies, and planted the seeds for a second world war. Standards: 8.1.12; 8.4.12
Essential Questions: 10. What were the factors that produced WWI? 11. What were the major events of the war? 12. Who were the major leaders? 13. What were the outcomes and global effects of WWI? 14. What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? 15. What was the League of Nations and why did Concepts Competencies and Social Studies Core Skills Vocabulary/Content Instructional Materials Suggested Activities Students should know that: • WWI (1914‐1918) was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy. The war transformed European and American life, wrecked European economies, and planted the seeds for a second world war. • After WWI, international organizations and agreements were established with the purpose of avoiding future conflicts. RTM Core Social Studies Skills: • Map skills • Interpretation of charts and graphs • Analysis and interpretation of political cartoons • Analysis and interpretation based on synthesis of facts • Notetaking and organizational skills • Reading comprehension • Research skills • Written and oral expression of facts and concepts Students will be able to: • Explain economic causes, political causes, and major events of the war • Identify major leaders of the war • Explain the outcomes and global effects of the war and the Treaty of Versailles Causes of WWI •
Alliances that divided Europe into competing camps •
Nationalistic feelings •
Diplomatic failures •
Imperialism •
Competition over colonies •
Militarism Major events •
Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand •
United States enters the war •
Russia leaves the war Major leaders •
Kaiser Wilhelm II •
Woodrow Wilson •
David Lloyd George •
Georges Clemenceau Outcomes and global effects •
Colonies’ participation in the war which increased demands for independence •
End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and Austro‐
Hungarian empires •
Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social disruption Treaty of Versailles •
Forced Germany to accept responsibility for war and loss Text Chapter 14 Primary and secondary sources on the assassination of Francis Ferdinand All Quiet on the Western Front Propaganda posters Analyze political cartoons regarding who was at fault for causing WWI Analyze primary and secondary sources on the assassination of Francis Ferdinand to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each Read and quiz on All Quiet on the Western Front to develop an understanding of trench warfare and the troops’ changing views on war that occurred. Analyze and create propaganda posters to motivate others to join the war it fail? 16. Why was the mandate system created? •
Describe the League of Nations and the mandate system •
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of territory and to pay reparations Limited the German military League of Nations League of Nations •
International cooperative organization •
Established to prevent future wars •
United States not a member •
Failure of League because it did not have power to enforce its decisions The mandate system •
During WWI, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves. •
After the war, the “mandate system gave Great Britain and France control over the lands that became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) and Syria and Lebanon (French controlled) •
The division of the Ottoman Empire through the mandate system planted the seeds for future conflicts in the Middle East effort. Create chart comparing and contrasting the ideas listed in the 14 Points to the actual deal made in the Treaty of Versailles and how each addressed the causes of WWI. Access the SAS content at: www.pdesas.org Modern Europe (Level 3) Unit 3: The Russian Revolution Suggested Duration: about 8 days (including 4 for project time and presentations) Standards, Big Ideas, and Essential Questions Concepts Big Idea: Russians revolted against their Tsar due to his autocratic rule, their military defeats in World War I, and poor economic conditions. The end result was the creation of the first communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R. Students should know that: • Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with sharp class divisions between the nobility and the peasants. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Standards: Tsar. • Inadequate 8.1.12; 8.4.12
administration in World War I led to revolution and an Essential Questions: unsuccessful provisional 17. Why did Russia erupt in government. revolution while •
A second revolution fighting in World War by the Bolsheviks I? created the 18. How did communism communist state that rise in Russia? ultimately became the U.S.S.R. Competencies and Social Studies Core Skills Vocabulary/Content RTM Core Social Studies Skills: • Map skills • Interpretation of charts and graphs • Analysis and interpretation of political cartoons • Analysis and interpretation based on synthesis of facts • Notetaking and organizational skills • Reading comprehension • Research skills • Written and oral expression of facts and concepts Students will be able to: • Cite the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution Causes of the 1917 Revolutions •
Defeat in war with Japan in 1905 •
Landless peasantry •
Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II •
Military defeats and high casualties in World War I Rise of Communism •
Bolshevik Revolution and civil war •
Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy •
Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor Instructional Materials Text Chapter 14, section 5 Joseph Stalin: Red Terror History Channel DVD Suggested Activities Create a propaganda video that attempts to convert others to communism and the Soviet way of life under Stalin. Modern Europe (Level 3) Access the SAS content at: www.pdesas.org Unit 4: The Interwar Period and World War II Suggested Duration: about 12 days Standards, Big Ideas, and Essential Questions Concepts Competencies and Social Studies Core Skills Vocabulary/Content Big Idea: The unrest created by the Treaty of Versailles and the effects of the Great Depression led to the rise of dictatorships in the Soviet Union, Italy, Germany, and Japan whose aggression caused World War II and the Holocaust. Students should know that: • A period of uneven prosperity in the decade following World War I (the 1920s) was followed by worldwide depression in the 1930s. • Depression weakened Western democracies, making it difficult for them to challenge the threat of totalitarianism. • The Depression in the 1930s provided opportunities for the rise of dictators in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan. • The Treaty of Versailles worsened economic and political conditions in Europe and led to the rise of totalitarian regimes in Italy and Germany. • Japan emerged as a world power after RTM Core Social Studies Skills: • Map skills • Interpretation of charts and graphs • Analysis and interpretation of political cartoons • Analysis and interpretation based on synthesis of facts • Notetaking and organizational skills • Reading comprehension • Research skills • Written and oral expression of facts and concepts Students will be able to: • Examine events related to the rise, aggression, and human costs of dictatorial regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and identify the major leaders. • Cite causes and assess the impact of worldwide depression Causes of worldwide depression •
German reparations •
Expansion of production capacities and dominance of the United States in the global economy •
High protective tariffs •
Excessive expansion of credit •
Stock Market Crash of 1929 Impact of worldwide depression •
High unemployment in industrial countries •
Bank failures and collapse of credit •
Collapse of prices in world trade •
Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s blame of European Jews for economic collapse U.S.S.R. during the Interwar Period‐
Joseph Stalin •
Entrenchment of communism •
Stalin’s policies: Five‐year plans, collectivization of farms, state industrialization, secret police •
Great Purge Germany during the Interwar Period‐
Adolf Hitler •
Inflation and depression •
Democratic government weakened •
Anti‐Semitism Standards: 8.1.12; 8.4.12
Essential Questions: 19. Why did the world experience depression in the 1930s? 20. What political changes resulted from the worldwide depression? 21. Why did dictatorial governments emerge in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the U.S.S.R. after World War I? 22. How did these regimes affect the world following World War I? 23. What were the causes of WWII? Instructional Materials Suggested Activities Text Chapters 16 Document Based Questions on and 17 appeasement and its role in Mein Kampf causing WWII excerpt Schindler’s List or other appropriate video on the Holocaust Primary and secondary source documents on appeasement and the Holocaust 24. What were the major events of WWII? 25. Who were the major leaders of WWII? 26. Why did the Holocaust occur? 27. What are other examples of genocide in the twentieth century? •
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WWI and conducted aggressive imperialistic policies in Asia. A communist dictatorship was established in the Soviet Union by Vladimir Lenin and continued by Joseph Stalin. Many economic and political causes led to World War II. Major theaters of war included Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Leadership was essential to the Allied victory. There had been a climate of hatred against Jews in Europe and Russia for centuries. •
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in the 1930s. Explain the economic and political causes of World War II as well as describe the major events and identify the major leaders of the war. Analyze the causes, events, and effects of the Holocaust. •
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Extreme nationalism National Socialism (Nazism) German occupation of nearby countries Italy during the Interwar Period‐Benito Mussolini •
Rise of fascism •
Ambition to restore the glory of Rome •
Invasion of Ethiopia Japan during the Interwar Period‐
Hirohito and Hideki Tojo •
Militarism •
Industrialization of Japan, leading to drive for raw materials •
Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China Economic and Political causes of WWII •
Aggression by the totalitarian powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan •
Nationalism •
Failures of the Treaty of Versailles •
Weakness of the League of Nations •
Appeasement •
Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United States Major events of the war (1939‐1945) •
German invasion of Poland •
Fall of France •
Battle of Britain •
German invasion of the Soviet Union •
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor •
D‐Day (Allied invasion of Europe) •
Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Major leaders of the war •
Franklin D. Roosevelt: U.S. president •
Harry Truman: U.S. president after death of Roosevelt •
Dwight Eisenhower: Allied commander in Europe •
Winston Churchill: British Prime Minister •
Hirohito: Emperor of Japan •
Hitler •
Stalin •
Mussolini •
Tojo Term to know •
Genocide: The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group Elements leading to the Holocaust •
Totalitarianism combined with nationalism •
History of anti‐Semitism •
Defeat in World War I and economic depression blamed on German Jews •
Hitler’s belief in the master race •
Final solution: Extermination camps, gas chambers Access the SAS content at: www.pdesas.org Modern Europe (Level 3) Unit 5: The Cold War Suggested Duration: about 10 days Standards, Big Ideas, and Essential Questions Concepts Competencies and Social Studies Core Skills Vocabulary/Content Instructional Materials Suggested Activities Big Idea: The Cold War grew out of a competition between the capitalist, democratic United States and communist Soviet Union during World War II and lasted for approximately 45 years. The Cold War created a bipolar international system where constant threat of war existed. Students should know that: • The outcomes of WWII included the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the establishment of international cooperative organizations • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948 to protect the “inherent dignity and…the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family…” • Competition between the USA and USSR laid the foundation for the Cold War • The Cold War influenced the policies of the USA and USSR toward other nations and conflicts around the world • The presence of RTM Core Social Studies Skills: • Map skills • Interpretation of charts and graphs • Analysis and interpretation of political cartoons • Analysis and interpretation based on synthesis of facts • Notetaking and organizational skills • Reading comprehension • Research skills • Written and oral expression of facts and concepts Students will be able to: • Explain the terms of the peace from WWII, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the creation of international cooperative Outcomes of World War II •
Loss of empires by European powers •
Establishment of two superpowers: United States and Soviet Union •
War crimes trials •
Division of Europe, Iron Curtain •
Establishment of United Nations •
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights •
Marshall Plan •
Formation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw Pact Efforts for reconstruction of Germany •
Democratic government installed in West Germany and West Berlin •
Germany and Berlin divided among the four Allied powers •
Emergence of West Germany as economic power in postwar Europe Efforts for reconstruction of Japan •
US occupation of Japan under MacArthur’s administration •
Democracy and economic development •
Elimination of Japan’s military offensive capabilities; guarantee of Japan’s security by the United States Text Chapters 18‐
23 UN Declaration of Human Rights Discovery Channel videos on Korean War and Vietnam War CNN Cold War video on the Berlin Wall Movies: 13 Days and/or Charlie Wilson’s War Google Docs groups presentation on selected topics on the Cold War Create a political cartoon about either the Truman Doctrine or the Marshall Plan+ Document analysis on causes of the Korean War Standards: 8.1.12; 8.4.12
Essential Questions: 28. What were the outcomes of WWII? 29. What were the war crimes trials? 30. How did the Allies promote reconstruction of the defeated powers? 31. What were the international cooperative organizations created after WWII? 32. What events led to the Cold War? 33. What was the impact of nuclear weapons? 34. What were the causes and consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union? 35. How did the Cold War influence conflicts in Eastern Asia after World War II? 36. What was the policy of containment? 37. What role did Mikhail Gorbachev play in the Cold War? •
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nuclear weapons has influenced patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945 Communism failed as an economic system in the Soviet Union and elsewhere. Japanese occupation of European colonies in Asia heightened demands for independence after World War II After WWII, the USA pursued a policy of containment against communism. The policy included the development of regional alliances against Soviet and Chinese aggression. The Cold War led to armed conflict in Korea and Vietnam •
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organizations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Explain key events of the Cold War, including the competition between the American and Soviet economic and political systems and the causes of the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Assess the impact of nuclear weaponry on patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945 Describe conflicts and revolutionary movements in eastern Asia and how they pertain to the Cold War Describe the contribution of Mikhail Gorbachev to the Cold War and Soviet history •
Emergence of Japan as dominant economy in Asia International Cooperative Organizations •
United Nations •
NATO •
Warsaw Pact The Universal Declaration of Human Rights •
Established and adopted by members of the UN •
Provided a code of conduct for the treatment of people under the protection of their government Beginning of the Cold War (1945‐1948) •
Yalta Conference and Soviet control of Eastern Europe •
Rivalry between the US and USSR •
Democracy and the free enterprise system vs. dictatorship and communism •
President Truman and Containment policy •
Eastern Europe: Soviet satellite nations, Iron Curtain Characteristics of the Cold War (1948‐
1989) •
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact •
Korean War •
Vietnam War •
Soviet‐Afghan War •
Berlin Wall and significance of Berlin Wall •
Cuban Missile Crisis •
Nuclear weapons and the theory of deterrence Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe •
Soviet economic collapse •
Nationalism in Warsaw Pact •
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countries Tearing down of Berlin Wall Breakup of the Soviet Union Expansion of NATO Mikhail Gorbachev •
Glasnost and perestroika •
Fall of the Berlin Wall •
Last president of the Soviet Union