In-building Wireless Tutorial Today’s Topics 1 Motivation
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In-building Wireless Tutorial The Last 100 Meters of the Wireless Revolution Dr. Ted S. Rappaport James S. Tucker Professor Mobile & Portable Radio Research Group Virginia Tech wireless@vt.edu 11th Annual MPRG Symposium June 6-8, 2001 Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Today’s Topics ¾ Motivation ¾ Emerging Trends ¾ Technical Details ¾ Equipment Choices ¾ Demo of Tools ¾ Design Examples Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 2 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 1 Tutorial Overview ¾ Motivation for In - building Wireless ¾ Service Types ¾ Design Objectives ¾ The Indoor RF Environment ¾ In ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ building Distribution Technologies Equipment Options & Design Issues Link Budget & Propagation Modeling Traffic Engineering Practical Deployment Issues Design Tools Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 3 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Motivation for In-building Wireless Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 2 Why Cover Indoor Anyway? ¾ Last Great Coverage Frontier ¾ Offloads Macro System ¾ No Indoor Data Alternative Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 5 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Why Campus/Indoor Wireless Coverage? ¾ Public areas, offices, classrooms need coverage ¾ Huge need to move in - building users onto in building networks where interference is confined within building walls -- avoids saturation of outdoor network ¾ Consumers are adopting wireless appliances for ubiquitous coverage - capacity needed in buildings where people live, work, recreate ¾ Carriers and building/tower owners can offer savings through integrated services and billing Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 6 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 3 Wireless Access Issues in Buildings ¾ Buildings and Campus enterprises need planned wireless internet and cellular/PCS strategy ¾ Campus environments require design tools that support ongoing facilities management and maintenance for expansion and upgrades ¾ In - building wireless deployment in its infancy but will explode with Wireless Office, Wireless LANs, Wireless Video, VoIP, Bluetooth, and Wireless PDAs. Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 7 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Service Types Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 4 In-building Service Types ¾ Cellular, PCS, WAP ¾ Wireless Office Service ¾ Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) ¾ Wireless PDAs (Compaq IPAQ, Handspring) ¾ Wireless VoIP ¾ Wireless Video ¾ Bluetooth Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 9 Tech 10 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Service Types ¾ Indoor Public Voice & Data Service ¾ Wireless Office Service ¾ Wireless LAN Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 5 Indoor Public Service ¾ Base Station is Microcell or Picocell Radio Equipment ¾ Carrier Pays Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 11 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Wireless Office Service (Private Service) ¾ Wireless PBX or Cellular Base Station ¾ PSID for User Re - Registration ¾ Dialing and Billing Features ¾ Customer Pays Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 12 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 6 Public WLAN (PubLAN) ¾ Public Access to 802.11b -W LAN ¾ Internet Service Provider (ISP) offers access ¾ In - building service provider (IBSP) installs and owns equipment Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 13 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Design Objectives Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 7 Design Objectives ¾ RF Performance ¾ Cost ¾ Specific Customer requests ¾ Ease of Installation ¾ Ease of Maintenance Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 15 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY RF Planning Objectives ¾ Satisfaction of Specific Customer Needs ¾ RF and Network Performance (Coverage and Capacity) ¾ Minimal Cost (Equipment and Installation) ¾ Cooperation with macrocell systems and interference minimization ¾ Ease of installation and integration with building environment, all properly documented ¾ Ongoing infrastructure maintenance Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 16 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 8 Design Objective: RF Performance ¾ Sufficient Downlink Power for: ¾ Phones to camp on to your indoor or microcell system ¾ Good downlink voice quality anywhere customer can make a call ¾ Internet access inside buildings Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 17 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Design Objective: RF Performance ¾ Limit downlink power to prevent phone overload at closest access point Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 18 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 9 Design Objective: RF Performance ¾ Transmit as little downlink power out of the building as possible ¾ Keep antennas away from exterior glass ¾ Minimize macrocell interference Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 19 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Design Objective: RF Performance ¾ Sufficiently Low - Loss Reverse Link Path for: ¾ Good reverse link voice quality ¾ Good reverse link with minimum power drain ¾ Minimize uplink interference to macrocell ¾ High speed Internet link Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 20 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 10 Design Objective: RF Performance ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Reliable handoffs with the macrocell System Walking into the building In an elevator on all floors Driving out of basement parking garage Exiting via elevated walkway Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 21 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Best Placement Objectives ¾ Cover sensitive or secure areas without requiring installation of antennas or cable (i.e. hospitals) Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 22 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 11 Best Placement Objectives ¾ Hide or disguise the antenna system for minimum visual impact Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 23 Tech 24 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Best Placement Objectives ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Achieve design objectives at minimum cost Equipment Cost: maximizing efficiency Installation Cost: best technology choice Leasing Cost: distribution system ¾ RBS ¾ Dark Fiber ¾ CAT 3 or CAT 5 Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 12 The Indoor RF Environment Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY The RF Propagation Environment ¾ Losses ¾ Fading ¾ Noise ¾ RF Exposure ¾ RF Overload ¾ Multipath Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 26 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 13 Indoor RF Fading Statistics Outdoor Indoor Rayleigh Rician Bottom Line: ¾ Indoor Environment is More Forgiving ¾ Use 17 dB C/(I+N) for IS-136 or PDC ¾ Use 13 dB C/(I+N) for GSM or GPRS ¾ Use 7 dB C/(I+N) for IS-95 or CDMA 2000 ¾ Lack of substantial multipath inside buildings renders RAKE useless Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 27 Tech 28 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Indoor Radio Noise Sources ¾ Computers ¾ Rotating Machines ¾ Power Distribution Equipment ¾ RF Heating Equipment ¾ Transmitters Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 14 Indoor Maximum Power Exposure (MPE) ¾ Radiax Produces Low Power Density ¾ Be Careful of Directional Antennas Aimed Toward Floor ¾ Preventing Phone Overload Will Keep Power Density Well Below MPE ¾ FCC Requires Measuring Power Density for Indoor Sites in US (OET65) Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 29 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY In-building Distribution Technologies Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 15 In-Building Distribution Technologies ¾ Repeaters (coverage,but no capacity) ¾ Bi-directional amplifier (BDA) ¾ Passive Distribution (lossy, short distance) ¾ Coaxial cable, splitters ¾ RF Amplifier Distribution (expensive) ¾ Coaxial cable, splitters, amplifiers ¾ Active Distribution (requires new wiring) ¾ Optical, analog or digital; CAT-5 Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 31 Tech 32 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Repeater Design Issues ¾ Sufficient capacity in outdoor serving cell ¾ Noise floor levels on both sides of BDA ¾ Adjusting BDA gains for desired coverage ¾ Placement of BDA and antennas ¾ Overall cost vs. performance Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 16 Passive Distribution Design Issues ¾ Noise floor increases due to loss ¾ Signal loss through distribution network ¾ Additional loss due to splitters or taps ¾ Using radiating cable vs. run - n a -d drop ¾ Designing multi- antenna “star” topology ¾ Single - or multi- band distribution ¾ Overall cost vs. performance Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 33 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY RF Amplifier Distribution Design Issues ¾ Correct allocation of gain in system ¾ Avoidance of intermod or spurious signals ¾ Limitation: dynamic range headroom ¾ Bi- directional gain and noise figure design ¾ Overall cost vs. performance Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 34 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 17 Active Distribution Design Issues ¾ Accurate provisioning: power per RF user ¾ Existing vs. installed distribution wiring ¾ Single - mode fiber vs. multi- mode fiber ¾ Upgradeable architecture ¾ Overall cost vs. performance Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 35 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Example of Active Distribution ¾ LGCell™ by LGC Wireless ¾ Supports multiple standards and bands ¾ Main Hub connects to BTS/repeater ¾ Fiber connects Main Hub to Expansion Hubs ¾ CAT-5 connects Expansion Hubs to Remote RF units ¾ Uses inexpensive fiber and copper wiring Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 36 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 18 Example of Active Distribution ¾ Litenna™ & Rfiber™ by Foxcom Wireless ¾ Supports multiple standards and bands ¾ RFiber transceiver connects to BTS/repeater ¾ Fiber and optical BDA connect RFiber to Litenna base units ¾ Litenna base units connect via fiber to many remote hub units ¾ Uses inexpensive fiber and simple connectors Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 37 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Example of Active Distribution ¾ Digivance™ by ADC ¾ Supports multiple standards and bands ¾ Digital Host Unit connects to BTS/repeater ¾ Multi-mode fiber connects Digital Host Unit to Digital Expansion units ¾ Digital Expansion Units connect via fiber to many Digital Remote Units ¾ Uses all-digital RF-to-optical transport Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 38 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 19 Equipment Options & Design Issues Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Equipment Options ¾ Branching Cable Network ¾ Signal Conversion for Distribution via: ¾ Fiber Optic Cable ¾ Cheap, Flexible Coax ¾ Twisted Pair ¾ Pre-Installed LAN Wiring Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 40 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 20 Branching Cable Network ¾ Microcell Drives Backbone Directly ¾ LPA and LNA Boost Power Through Backbone Coax Cable ¾ Installation Cheap in Many Cases ¾ No Remote Power Required ¾ Cable Runs Limited to 500 Feet Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 41 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Branching Cable Network Architecture Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 42 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 21 Discrete Antennas vs. Leaky Coax ¾ Uniformity of RF Power ¾ Installation Cost ¾ Power Leakage to the Outside ¾ Visual Impact Discrete Antennas Leaky Coax Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 43 Tech 44 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Discrete Antennas ¾ Each Cable Run Ends in One Antenna ¾ Creates Hot Spots ¾ Troublesome Near Windows ¾ Phones Operate in Far Field ¾ Advantage: Directivity and Deployment Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 22 Leaky Coax ¾ Cable Run Is the Antenna ¾ No Hot Spots ¾ Phones Operate in Near Field ¾ Building Structure Spoils Far Field Pattern ¾ Simpler, Costly Installation ¾ Installs Out of Sight Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 45 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY RF Power Uniformity & Uplink Path Loss Uniformity Discrete Antennas Leaky Coax Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 46 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 23 BriteCell (Allen Telecom) ¾ RF Modulates Laser Signal ¾ Light Travels Over Single - Mode Fiber ¾ Fiber Runs to 9800 Feet + Coax ¾ Downlink Power: +18 dBm Composite ¾ Costly Materials, Equipment, Installation Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 47 Tech 48 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY BriteCell Architecture Remote Donor Duplex Fiber Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 24 Fiber Design Issues ¾ Single vs. Multi- Mode ¾ Connector Types ¾ Best Approach: Get Vendor to Approve Fiber Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 49 Tech 50 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Allen Telecom CableStar ¾ RF Downconverted to 400 MHz ¾ Travels on RG6 or RG11 ¾ Runs to 3200 Feet + Coax ¾ Downlink Power: +20 dBm Composite ¾ No Remote Power Required ¾ Somewhat Weatherproof Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 25 CableStar Architecture Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 51 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Ericsson Picocell ¾ All RF Stages Placed Near Antenna ¾ Coded Voice Signal Distributed Over 4 - Wire LAN Cable ¾ Runs to 3300 Feet + Coax ¾ Downlink Power: +20 dBm per Channel ¾ Cheaper Equipment, Cheap Installation Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 52 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 26 Picocell Architecture ¾ CRI at Site: 11 Radio Heads Max MSC Leased Leased T1T1 CRI X-link Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 53 Tech 54 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Picocell Architecture ¾ CRI at MSC: 4 Radio Heads Max a Le sed T1 X-link MSC CRI Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 27 Other Remoting Systems ¾ ADC Telecommucation (Duplex Fiber) ¾ LGC Wireless (Twisted Pair or Fiber) ¾ Foxcom Wireless (Duplex Fiber) ¾ CI Wireless (Duplex Fiber) ¾ Andrew Illuminator (Duplex Fiber) ¾ Many types of deployed equipment complicates: ¾ Field technician training ¾ Spares inventory Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 55 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Link Budget & Propagation Modeling Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 28 Link Budget (Forward Link) ¾ PA Output + LPA Gain - Network Losses + Network Gains + Antenna Gains - Prop., Environment & Body Losses ¾ Compare to Noise Floor + Receiver NF ¾ Consider most likely radio count ¾ Consider various RF distribution methods Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 57 Tech 58 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Link Budget (Reverse Link) ¾ Desired Phone Power - Body, Prop. & Environment Losses + Antenna Gains - Network Losses + Network Gain + LNA Gain + Multicoupler Gain ¾ Compare to Noise Floor + Receiver NF ¾ Include NF of distribution system Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 29 Propagation Modeling ¾ Keenan - Mtley (Seidel- Rappaport) o ¾ Carter Model for Leaky Coax ¾ Measurement- Based Models ¾ Ray - tracing Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 59 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Keenan-Motley ¾ Extended by Seidel- Rappaport ¾ Path Loss Exponent, Wavenumber, Distance, Site specific information ¾ Wall & Floor attenuation factors ¾ Used in SitePlanner® α ⋅ log(k ⋅ r ) + n ⋅ W + m ⋅ F Source: Seidel and Rappaport, “914 MHz Path Loss Prediction Models for Indoor Wireless Communications in Multifloored Buildings,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 40, No. 2, Feb. 1992, pp. 207-217 Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 60 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 30 Carter Model for Radiax ¾ Radiax is like a uniform line source antenna ¾ Power is spread over a cylindrical surface L DT ⋅ PT S av = 2 ⋅π ⋅ r ⋅ L r Source: K. Carter, “Predicting Propagation Loss from Leaky Coaxial Cable Terminated with an Indoor Antena,” pp. 71-82, 8th Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium Wireless Communications Proceedings, June 10-12, 1998. Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 61 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Carter Model for Radiax ¾ Empirical constants match uniform line source with real- world leaky feeder Frequency 150 450 900 1700 Loss 52 57 63 69 70.000637 80 CE CL 1 ( f ) vy j 44.353479 60 40 0 30 1000 2000 f , vx j Lint 3000 3 2.4 .10 Source: K. Carter, “Predicting Propagation Loss from Leaky Coaxial Cable Terminated with an Indoor Antena,” pp. 71-82, 8th Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium Wireless Communications Proceedings, June 10-12, 1998. Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 62 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 31 Carter Model for Radiax ¾ Near Field Loss for a long horizontal run: Lnf [ Lh , f , rh ( H , Vh ), CE , Lint , x ] = 10 ⋅ log( Lh ) + 20 ⋅ log( f ) + 10 ⋅ log( rh ) − 43.037 + CE + Lint ⋅ x Source: K. Carter, “Predicting Propagation Loss from Leaky Coaxial Cable Terminated with an Indoor Antena,” pp. 71-82, 8th Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium Wireless Communications Proceedings, June 10-12, 1998. Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 63 Tech 64 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Indoor RF Losses ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Walls Floors People Furniture Large Metal Objects Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 32 Environment Testing Take measurements of test transmitter signals Calculate best- fit losses and path loss exponents Best results obtained with multiple transmitters Desire spatial decorrelation from transmitters Transmitter vendors include BVS, Andrew Receiver vendors include Anritsu, BVS, ZK Celltest, DTI, and Ericsson ¾ Measurement software and optimization software for all vendors are produced by Wireless Valley ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 65 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Traffic Engineering Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 33 Traffic Engineering ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 50 - 75 mEr/User in offices Varies by business type Use Erlang B, then over- provision Trunking efficiency declines with Picocell Indoor handoffs complicate matters Traffic is very site - specific and event- specific Requires site - specific capacity modeling Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 67 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 1872 Practical Deployment Issues Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 34 Preparing for Design ¾ Building Survey ¾ Locate Base Station Equipment ¾ Prepare Building Model Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 69 Tech 70 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Design Steps ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Choose Antenna System Equipment Take a Best Guess at Initial Design Run Propagation Calculations Improve Design Coverage Look for a Cheaper Way Produce Documentation Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 35 Survey ¾ Obtain Letter- Size Floorplan NTS ¾ Fire Exit Map ¾ Brochure From Info Booth ¾ Obtain E Size Scaled Floorplan or CAD File ¾ Scout Equipment Location ¾ Take Digital Photos Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 71 Tech 72 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Survey ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Identify Wall Construction Locate Sensitive Areas Note Desired or Undesired Coverage Areas Locate Fire Walls Locate Stacked Rooms Determine Ceiling Heights and Types Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 36 Survey Photos ¾ Note Photo Number on Floorplan ¾ Include the Ceiling ¾ Shoot Wide for Many Details ¾ Shoot Close & Wide of Possible Antenna Locations ¾ Security May Follow You ¾ Smile at Them Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 73 Tech 74 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Take Pictures of: ¾ All Candidate Antenna Locations ¾ Skylight Structures & Skylight Boxes ¾ Unusual Structures, Large Metal Objects Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 37 Take Pictures of: ¾ Windows, Entrances, Back Hallways ¾ Corridors, Equipment Rooms ¾ Areas Where Crowds Gather Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 75 Tech 76 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Building Structure Types ¾ Brick or Poured Concrete Supporting Walls ¾ Prisons, Historic Buildings, COs Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 38 Building Structure Types ¾ Concrete Block Walls, Steel Skeleton ¾ Schools, Malls ¾ Supermarkets ¾ Dept. Stores ¾ Home Depot Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 77 Tech 78 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Building Structure Types ¾ Poured Concrete Cells ¾ Condos ¾ Small Hotels ¾ Apartments Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 39 Building Structure Types ¾ Curtain Wall, Reinforced Concrete Core ¾ Glass Office Buildings Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 79 Tech 80 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Building Structure Types ¾ Wood Frame ¾ Small Apartment Buildings ¾ Single Family Homes Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 40 Airport Terminal ¾ Vast Areas to Cover ¾ Tremendous Cable Run Lengths ¾ Huge Capacity Needs ¾ Sensitive Area: Customs Consider Fiber Distribution Large Metal Objects: Escalators, Baggage Carousels Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 81 Tech 82 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Arena, Convention Center ¾ One Huge Open Space ¾ Offices and Corridors ¾ Consider Distributed Antenna System passive or active ¾ Traffic Engineering Nightmare Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 41 Shopping Mall ¾ Minimum Visual Impact ¾ Glass Store Fronts Pass RF ¾ Covering Anchor Stores Difficult ¾ Need Skylight Plan ¾ Capacity Demands are High Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 83 Tech 84 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Office Tower ¾ Glass Curtain Wall Construction ¾ Elevators & Bathrooms in Core ¾ Low transmit Power on Upper Floors ¾ Radiax Above Hung Ceiling ¾ Hot RF from Roof Antennas? Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 42 Factory ¾ Open Space Plus Offices ¾ Many Noise Sources ¾ Sensitive Areas: Clean Rooms, R&D Labs ¾ Cover the Break Rooms & Smoking Areas Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 85 Tech 86 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Airplane Hangar, Kmart ¾ Open Space with Large Metal Objects ¾ Repeater with One Antenna ¾ Possibly Picocell with Built- in Antenna ¾ May Require Testing After Installation Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 43 Guidelines ¾ Cable Fire Ratings ¾ Puncturing Fire Walls ¾ Leaky Coax Types ¾ Leaky Coax Installation ¾ Indoor Antennas ¾ Mounting Antennas ¾ Documentation Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 87 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Cable Fire Ratings ¾ Refers to the jacketing & dielectric materials ¾ Plenum- CATVP ¾ Riser – CATVR Suitable Coax: Andrew RXP Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 88 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 44 Leaky Feeder Types ¾ dB TransFill ¾ Andrew Radiax ¾ Air vs. Foam Core ¾ Practical Size for Indoor: 1/2” Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 89 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Installing Leaky Feeder ¾ Mount With Standoff >= 2” ¾ Avoid Mounting Along Continuous Metal ¾ Avoid Installing Directly Above Light Fixtures or Ducts ¾ Track Inventory and Installation Cost in SitePlanner Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 90 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 45 Indoor Antennas ¾ Indoor Antennas vs. Outdoor Antennas ¾ EMS Omni ¾ Allgon ¾ DB Diamond ¾ Many Others Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 91 Tech 92 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Antenna Mounting ¾ Below Hung Ceiling ¾ On Wall ¾ Hide the Port ¾ No Metal/Concrete in Near Field ¾ Directionals in the Skylight Structure Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 46 Documenting Your Design Plans Legend Detail Drawings Backbone Diagram Bill of Materials Photo Sims Files Stored Safely Antenna End Detail 3 ft. 6 to 10 ft. antenna false ceiling 10 ft. or 10'9" 12 ft. floor Tx Rx AMP Tx Rx Duplexer 36' 7/8" feeder 330' RXP4-2 54' 7/8" feeder 323' RXP4-2 80' 7/8" feeder 330' RXP4-2 34' 7/8" feeder 884M 4th Floor 3rd Floor 13' 1/2" feeder ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2nd Floor 50-ohm termination 158' RXP4-2 50-ohm termination 30' 1/2" feeder 1st Floor 13' 1/2" feeder 2nd Floor Parking Level SitePlanner® does all of this! ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 125' RXP4-2 Virginia 1872 Tech 93 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Quick and Easy Data Collection Collected Collected measurement measurement data data points points Now with a Palm IIIc using InFielder® PDA Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 94 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 47 Design Methods ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Cut and Try – old method Educated Guess – old method Keenan - M otley w/spreadsheet – current Better Models- SitePlanner® Better Calculators- SitePlanner® Graphical Environment – SitePlanner® Automatic archiving - SitePlanner® Asset Management – SitePlanner® Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 95 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Design Tools Virginia © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved 1872 Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 48 How can we talk the same language? Virginia 1872 © 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved Tech VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Millions of Buildings … So Little Time ¾ How can we quickly design systems? ¾ How can we compare technologies? ¾ How can we save and communicate designs? ¾ How will integrators become designers? ¾ How will vendors verify design guidelines? ¾ How will building owners track hardware? ¾ How will we manage and maintain the in - building infrastructure? Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 98 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 49 Spreadsheet Tools ¾ Difficult to Use ¾ No Design Graphics ¾ Few Antenna Patterns ¾ Questionable Support ¾ No Design Storage ¾ Difficult to Interpret, except for Engineers Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 99 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Design/Planning History: Macrocell Design ¾ Original use of planning tools was for outdoor ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ cellular networks - RF design and planning Planning decisions and tower placements could be simulated and analyzed prior to deployment Design strategies and techniques improved Cell tower placement became more efficient Lacked asset management or document support Difficult to track installed tower infrastructure Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 100 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 50 VA Tech MPRG Research ¾ Early in ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ bilding propagation work u Decade of measurement experience Decade of modeling and optimization experience Decade of Industry suggestions and practical advice SitePlanner is the result of over 30 years of student research Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 101 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY VA Tech MPRG Research (cont.) ¾ MPRG students and staff researchers have contributed to the body of knowledge used in the SitePlanner concept: ¾ Scott Seidel, Joe Liberti, Dwayne Hawbaker, Ken Blackard, Alan Fox, Roger Skidmore, Idine Ghoreishain, Greg Durgin, Neal Patwari, Ray Lovestead, Ben Henty, Brian Gold, Charles Lepple, Bob Boyle, Kirk Carter, Juin Siew, Wesley Rios, Manish Panjwani Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 102 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 51 SitePlanner® Features and Benefits ¾ Facilitates rapid cost and performance tradeoff analysis of all technologies at low overall cost ¾ Simultaneously supports site designs, surveys, verification, and documentation with 3D graphical representation and complete database record ¾ Automatic archiving of installed infrastructure ¾ Automatic bill of materials created during design ¾ Asset management facilities built in ¾ Cellular, PCS, 3G, WLAN, MMDS, and beyond ¾ Accurate and practical modeling of any campus wireless system Virginia Tech 103 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport SitePlanner: Planning, Design, and Management for In-Building Telecom ¾ Provides rapid system design of complex technologies while minimizing costs and meeting coverage and capacity needs ¾ Indoor wireless coverage is non-intuitive and complex, but SitePlanner provides huge cost/time savings and rapidly trains the user ¾ SitePlanner allows flexibility and rapid “what if” designs to meet specific needs of customers ¾ Easy visualization of proposed systems ¾ SitePlanner provides simultaneous performance analysis, wireless equipment tracking, project documentation, and asset management! Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 104 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 52 The SitePlanner® Design Environment Optimatic® optimize 3-D wireless designs using field measurements InFielder® ultra-portable 3-D site-specific measurements Predictor™ 3-D site-specific design, prediction, asset management BDM™ 3-D site modeling and archiving environment SitePlanner 2000 and Add - OnModules Work Together SitePlanner ® LANFielder™ InFielder ® 3-D site-specific 802.11b WLAN measurement Optimatic® Predictor™ BDM ™ SiteSpy™ 802.11b WLAN measurement, traffic generation WaveSpyTM GPS Drive-Test Option for WaveSpy Lightweight portable fast scanning receiver for all digital and analog wireless standards InFielder® PDA ultra-portable 3-D site-specific measurement, asset management, and visualization of network performance on the Palm IIICTM Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 106 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 53 Typical Design Steps ¾ Use SitePlanner to simulate RF performance of several straw - man designs in facility of interest ¾ In - situ site survey and measurements with SitePlanner, including interference, throughput or signal strength with transmitter locations from most promising straw man designs ¾ Use SitePlanner field measurements to optimize network performance and select final layout ¾ System Installation and Site - verification in SitePlanner urvey/performance s ¾ SitePlanner provides Maintenance and Design Archiving for on - going support of infrastructure Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 107 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Common Uses of SitePlanner ¾ Common software platform provides sharing of designs ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ and “as-builts” throughout an organization or across users on a project Allows vendors, consultants, integrators, and manufacturers to share and archive designs Provides an objective “level playing field” for all in-building design, deployment, and optimization work Allows new hires or inexperienced personnel to become rapidly proficient in the field of in-building wireless design, specification, or integration Provides retrievable records of all aspects of an in-building project, for quality audits and maintenance SitePlanner can be shared by engineers, facilities managers, and accounting staff from cradle-to-grave Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 108 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 54 SitePlanner® Graphical System Design Fiber Remote Leaky Feeder Antenna Components are picked from a customizable Parts List Library consisting of more than 3,000 components from over three dozen manufacturers Point and click with the mouse to visually position wireless system components such as cables, antennas, amplifiers, splitters, in the building! Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 109 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY SitePlanner® Built-in Components Database Parts List Library contains thousands of antennas, amplifiers, cables, splitters, and leaky feeder antennas Quickly and easily analyze design tradeoffs in terms of cost and performance with the click of the mouse, while creating a complete bill-of-materials and cost analysis Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 110 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 55 SitePlanner®® Instant Point Predictions for placments Simply Simply move move the the mouse mouse cursor cursor and and watch watch in in real-time real-time as as the the composite composite system system coverage coverage is is updated updated and and displayed displayed at at that that point point instantly! instantly! Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 111 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY SitePlanner ®® Instant Antenna Positioning Moving Moving the the mouse mouse on on the the screen screen corresponds corresponds to to repositioning repositioning or or re-orienting re-orienting aa selected selected antenna. antenna. The The new new coverage coverage area area of of the the antenna antenna is is updated updated in in real-time! real-time! New antenna position Updated coverage region Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 112 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 56 SitePlanner® Wireless System Layout In real time, SitePlanner allows the user to analyze performance by creating a graphical wireless system component interconnection diagram, while simultaneously creating bill of materials and complete cost analysis Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 113 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY SitePlanner®® Graphical Partition Input Quickly Quicklyand andeasily easilycreate create3D 3Dbuilding buildingmodels modelsfrom fromCAD CAD drawing drawingfiles filesor orscanned scannedblueprints. blueprints. Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 114 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 57 All Wireless Standards/Air Interfaces Directly Supported in SitePlanner® Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 115 Tech 116 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Coverage Area Predictions in SitePlanner® Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 58 Composite Coverage in SitePlanner ®® Leaky Feeder Antenna System Shopping mall store walls Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 117 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Leaky Feeder Antenna Systems Composite Coverage in SitePlanner®® Shopping mall store walls Signal leakage outside the building Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 118 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 59 Composite Coverage in SitePlanner® Microcell (outside building) Multiple, Distributed Antenna Systems Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 119 Tech 120 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY SitePlannerTM also models Macrocells! Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 60 SitePlanner® Macrocell Modeling of Chicago -50 dBm RSSI 0.33 km -70 dBm -90 dBm M1 U5 U2 M3 U6 U3 U1 U4 M2 Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport C/I 45 dB Tech 121 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY SitePlanner® models inside the building (point omniantenna) using Macrocell system parameters 30 dB 15 dB Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 40m 1872 Tech 122 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 61 C/I SitePlanner® models inside the building (distributed antenna) using Macrocell system parameters 45 dB 30 dB 15 dB ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 40m Virginia 1872 Tech 123 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Automatic Bill of Materials SitePlanner® Automatically tracks full bill of materials for your design Automatically tracks both physical and installation cost for all components Enables least- cost design Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 124 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 62 Measurement Data Collection InFielder® and InFielder® PDA Collected measurement data points Plug-and-Play operation with: Our WaveSpy ZK Celltest BVS Protek Anritsu TEMS Light Agilent IEEE 802.11 Tektronix Grayson Safco DTI Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 125 Tech 126 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Optimization using Optimatic Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 63 Case Study: Cellular/PCS Design in Shopping Mall ¾ ~2 million sq. ft. shopping center ¾ Design phase took less than a day by a single system engineer, compared to usual time of 2 – 3 weeks without SitePlanner ¾ Technology: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ IS-136 picocell Popular Fiber-based active distribution system Mixture of directional and omnidirectional antennas, and radiating cable Use of radiating cable intensifies need for accurate, upfront design Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 127 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Case Study: Floor Plan of Mall Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 128 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 64 Cellular/PCS Design ¾ SitePlanner allowed instant selection of pre - approved distribution components, both passive and active ¾ SitePlanner simultaneously computed coverage, capacity, installation cost, equipment cost, and created a complete bill of materials and graphical documents of proposed design ¾ The completed design was stored, transported, displayed, and used throughout the enterprise to provide a complete record of the installed project Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 129 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Case Study: 3D Shopping Mall Model 12 minutes to create from scanned floorplan Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 130 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 65 Leaky Feeder Antenna System Shopping mall store walls Required < 2 minutes on a Pentium II 300 MHz PC Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 131 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Shopping Mall Case Study: Conclusions ¾ Customer saved several weeks of time on overall design and deployment ¾ ¾ Verification confirmed an accuracy within 5 dB standard deviation (predicted vs. measured) Rapid predictions enabled numerous design tradeoffs to be analyzed within hours ¾ Greater RF designer satisfaction ¾ Designer can “see” performance ¾ Greater building owner satisfaction ¾ Building owner can “see” performance ¾ Automatic archival of design critical Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 132 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 66 Wireless LAN Planning: LANFielder™ and SiteSpy™ Measurement results that you can understand without being an RF Engineer Provides wireless data network measurement using client/server technique Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 133 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Case Study: WLAN Design ¾ 100,000 sq. ft., multi- story academic building on the University of Virginia Tech campus ¾ Technology: ¾ ¾ IEEE 802.11b, 2.4 GHz DS-SS Wireless LAN 11 Mbps Cabletron RoamAbout access points and modems (Lucent/ORiNOCO OEM) Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 134 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 67 WLAN Design: 3D Model 10 minutes from CAD file to SitePlanner model Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 135 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY WLAN Design: Predicted Performance <60 seconds on PII 300 Predicted signal strength for 3 Wireless LAN Access Points Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 136 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 68 Visualizing WLAN Measurements Required < 1 minute on a Pentium II 300 MHz PC Virginia 1872 ©2001 T. S. Rappaport Tech 137 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Conclusions: WLAN Design ¾ Rapid predictions enabled analysis of 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ completely different system configurations 3D modeling enabled designer to leverage cross floor coverage of signal Enabled accurate outdoor coverage estimates Verification measurements validated predictions to within 3 feet Complete design (12 access points) required only an hour and was performed interactively Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 138 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 69 Conclusions: WLAN Design ¾ Significant time savings on overall design and deployment ¾ ¾ Verification confirmed an accuracy within 5 dB standard deviation (predicted vs. measured) Rapid predictions enabled numerous design tradeoffs to be analyzed ¾ Greater RF designer satisfaction ¾ Designer can “see” performance ¾ Greater building owner satisfaction ¾ Building owner can “see” performance ¾ Automatic design archiving and asset management is a key benefit of SitePlanner! Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 139 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Conclusion ¾ In - building/campus systems proliferating rapidly ¾ Engineering work load increasing rapidly ¾ Technology cost comparisons vital for deployment efficiencies ¾ Visual and textual records required for common procedures and shared strategies, archiving ¾ SitePlanner® facilitates cost and time savings for rapid deployment and ongoing maintenance for any in - building or campus system Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 140 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 70 Final Remarks ¾ In - building wireless is next growth phase ¾ Many distribution methods to choose from ¾ Many design issues to confront ¾ RF Planning tools ease wireless system design ¾ ¾ intelligent design tradeoffs competitive system analysis and comparisons ¾ SitePlanner is based on over a decade of Virginia Tech research, and offers a revolutionary design environment that supports in - b uilding wireless ¾ SitePlanner provides real cost and time savings for rapid deployment and ongoing maintenance ¾ Indoor design demonstrations Virginia ©2001 T. S. Rappaport 1872 Tech 141 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY 71
