Lesson Plan
Course Title: Robotics and Automation
Session Title: How to Construct a Robot Part 3: Wheel
Performance Objective:
After completing this lesson, students will be able to lay out, dimension, and construct a basic wheel and all of its mounting parts (hub to motor, mount to box, wheel housing), matching the criteria in the How to
Construct a Robot Part by Part Rubric.
Specific Objectives:
Explain how to make the parts and why you are looking at the main considerations – speed and traction.
Calculate speed and how to increase traction surface area.
Identify that size and speed will be determined by its part.
Explain what materials you are using and why.
Explain what machines and tools you are using and how to use them.
Identify safety required when using the machines and tools.
Prepare a Plan Sheet using the plan sheets given in the slide presentation.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS.
Any changes or alterations to the activities
may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Robotics and Automation:
130.370(c)(1)(D)
.
.
.
demonstrate the principles of teamwork related to engineering and technology;
130.370(c)(2)(C)
.
.
.
serve as a team leader and a team member and demonstrate appropriate attitudes while serving in those roles.
130.370(c)(3)(C)
.
.
.
participate in the organization and operation of a real or simulated engineering project;
130.370(c)(4)(B)(D)(E)(F)
.
.
.
follow safety guidelines as described in various manuals, instructions, and regulations;
.
.
.
dispose of hazardous materials and wastes appropriately;
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.
.
.
perform maintenance on selected tools, equipment, and machines;
.
.
.
handle and store tools and materials correctly;
130.370(c)(5)(D)
.
.
.
demonstrate knowledge of motors, gears, and gear trains used in the robotic or automated systems.
130.370(c)(6)(A)(B)
.
.
.
demonstrate knowledge of rotational dynamics, weight, friction, and traction factors required for the operation of robotic and automated systems;
.
.
.
demonstrate knowledge of torque and power factors used in the operation of robotic systems;
130.370(c)(7)(A)(B)(C)
.
.
.
demonstrate knowledge of robotic or automated system arm construction;
.
.
.
understand and discuss the relationship of torque, gear ratio, and weight of payload in a robotic or automated system operation;
.
.
.
demonstrate knowledge of end effectors and their use in linkages and the gearing of a robotic or automated system.
130.370(c)(9)(A)
.
.
.
safely use tools and laboratory equipment to construct and repair systems;
130.370(c)(10)(A)(F)
.
.
.
interpret industry standard system schematics;
.
.
.
evaluate design solutions using conceptual, physical, and mathematical models at various times during the design process to check for proper functionality and to note areas where improvements are needed;
130.370(c)(11)(A)(B)(D)
.
.
.
identify and describe the steps needed to produce a prototype;
.
.
.
identify and use appropriate tools, equipment, machines, and materials to produce the prototype;
.
.
.
construct a robot or automated system to perform specified operations using the design process.
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
Algebra I:
111.32(b)(1)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
.
.
.
describe independent and dependent quantities in functional relationships;
.
.
.
gather and record data and use data sets to determine functional relationships between quantities;
.
.
.
describe functional relationships for given problem situations and write equations or
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2
inequalities to answer questions arising from the situations;
.
.
.
represent relationships among quantities using concrete models, tables, graphs, diagrams, verbal descriptions, equations, and inequalities;
.
.
.
interpret and make decisions, predictions, and critical judgments from functional relationships.
111.32(b)(2)(A)(B)(C)(D)
.
.
.
identify and sketch the general forms of linear (y = x) and quadratic (y = x
2
) parent functions;
.
.
.
identify mathematical domains and ranges and determine reasonable domain and range values for given situations, both continuous and discrete;
.
.
.
interpret situations in terms of given graphs or creates situations that fit given graphs;
.
.
.
collect and organize data, make and interpret scatterplots (including recognizing positive, negative, or no correlation for data approximating linear situations), and model, predict, and make decisions and critical judgments in problem situations.
111.32(b)(3)(A)(B)
.
.
.
use symbols to represent unknowns and variables; and
.
.
.
look for patterns and represent generalizations algebraically.
111.32(b)(4)(A)(B)(C)
.
.
.
find specific function values, simplify polynomial expressions, transform and solve equations, and factor as necessary in problem situations;
.
.
.
use the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to simplify algebraic expressions; and
.
.
.
connect equation notation with function notation, such as y = x + 1 and f(x) = x + 1.
111.32(b)(5)(A)(B)(C)
.
.
.
determine whether or not given situations can be represented by linear functions;
.
.
.
determine the domain and range for linear functions in given situations; and
.
.
.
use, translate, and make connections among algebraic, tabular, graphical, or verbal descriptions of linear functions.
111.32(b)(6)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)(G)
.
.
.
develop the concept of slope as rate of change and determine slopes from graphs, tables, and algebraic representations;
.
.
.
interpret the meaning of slope and intercepts in situations using data, symbolic representations, or graphs;
.
.
.
investigate, describe, and predict the effects of changes in m and b on the graph of y = mx + b;
.
.
.
graph and write equations of lines given characteristics such as two points, a point and a slope, or a slope and y ‐ intercept;
.
.
.
determine the intercepts of the graphs of linear functions and zeros of linear functions from graphs, tables, and algebraic representations;
.
.
.
interpret and predict the effects of changing slope and y ‐ intercept in applied situations;
.
.
.
relate direct variation to linear functions and solve problems involving proportional change.
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3
English Language Arts and Reading, English I:
110.31(b)(1)(A)(E)
.
.
.
determine the meaning of grade ‐ level technical academic English words in multiple content areas (e.g., science, mathematics, social studies, the arts) derived from Latin, Greek, or other linguistic roots and affixes;
.
.
.
use a dictionary, a glossary, or a thesaurus (printed or electronic) to determine or confirm the meanings of words and phrases, including their connotations and denotations, and their etymology.
110.31(b)(11)(A)(B)
.
.
.
analyze the clarity of the objective(s) of procedural text (e.g., consider reading instructions for software, warranties, consumer publications);
.
.
.
analyze factual, quantitative, or technical data presented in multiple graphical sources.
110.31(b)(12)(A)
.
.
.
compare and contrast how events are presented and information is communicated by visual images (e.g., graphic art, illustrations, news photographs) versus non ‐ visual texts;
110.31(b)(15)(B)
.
.
.
write procedural or work ‐ related documents (e.g., instructions, e ‐ mails, correspondence, memos, project plans) that include:
(i) organized and accurately conveyed information;
(ii) reader ‐ friendly formatting techniques;
110.31(b)(19)(A)(B) ‐ Oral and Written Conventions/Spelling
110.31(b)(21)(A)(B)
.
.
.
follow the research plan to compile data from authoritative sources in a manner that identifies the major issues and debates within the field of inquiry;
.
.
.
organize information gathered from multiple sources to create a variety of graphics and forms
(e.g., notes, learning logs);
110.31(b)(22)(B)
.
.
.
evaluate the relevance of information to the topic and determine the reliability, validity, and accuracy of sources (including Internet sources) by examining their authority and objectivity;
110.31(b)(23)(C)(D)
.
.
.
uses graphics and illustrations to help explain concepts where appropriate;
.
.
.
uses a variety of evaluative tools (e.g., self ‐ made rubrics, peer reviews, teacher and expert evaluations) to examine the quality of the research;
110.31(b)(26) ‐ Listening and Speaking/Teamwork
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Physics:
112.39(c)(1)(A)(B)
.
.
.
demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations;
.
.
.
demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.
112.39(c)(2)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)
.
.
.
know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;
.
.
.
know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence.
Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;
.
.
.
know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers.
Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well ‐ established and highly ‐ reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;
.
.
.
distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;
.
.
.
design and implement investigative procedures, including making observations, asking well ‐ defined questions, formulating testable hypotheses, identifying variables, selecting appropriate equipment and technology, and evaluating numerical answers for reasonableness;
.
.
.
demonstrate the use of course apparatus, equipment, techniques, and procedures, including multimeters (current, voltage, resistance), triple beam balances, batteries, clamps, dynamics demonstration equipment, collision apparatus, data acquisition probes, discharge tubes with power supply (H, He, Ne, Ar), hand ‐ held visual spectroscopes, hot plates, slotted and hooked lab masses, bar magnets, horseshoe magnets, plane mirrors, convex lenses, pendulum support,
power supply, ring clamps, ring stands, stopwatches, trajectory apparatus, tuning forks, carbon paper, graph paper, magnetic compasses, polarized film, prisms, protractors, resistors, friction blocks, mini lamps (bulbs) and sockets, electrostatics kits, 90 ‐ degree rod clamps, metric rulers, spring scales, knife blade switches, Celsius thermometers, meter sticks, scientific calculators, graphing technology, computers, cathode ray tubes with horseshoe magnets, ballistic carts or equivalent, resonance tubes, spools of nylon thread or string, containers of iron filings, rolls of white craft paper, copper wire, Periodic Table, electromagnetic spectrum charts, slinky springs, wave motion ropes, and laser pointers;
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5
Occupational Correlation: (reference: O*Net – www.onetonline.org
)
Aerospace Engineers 17 ‐ 2011.00
Similar Job Titles: Aerospace Engineer, Flight Test Engineer, Design Engineer, Systems Engineer,
Structures Engineer, Test Engineer, Aeronautical Engineer, Aerospace Stress Engineer, Avionics Engineer,
Flight Systems Test Engineer
Tasks:
Direct or coordinate activities of engineering or technical personnel involved in designing, fabricating, modifying, or testing of aircraft or aerospace products.
Formulate conceptual design of aeronautical or aerospace products or systems to meet customer requirements.
Plan or coordinate activities concerned with investigating and resolving customers' reports of technical problems with aircraft or aerospace vehicles.
Plan or conduct experimental, environmental, operational, or stress tests on models or prototypes of aircraft or aerospace systems or equipment.
Analyze project requests, proposals, or engineering data to determine feasibility, cost, or production time of aerospace or aeronautical products.
Maintain records of performance reports for future reference.
Write technical reports or other documentation, such as handbooks or bulletins, for use by engineering staff, management, or customers.
Review performance reports and documentation from customers and field engineers, and inspect malfunctioning or damaged products to determine problem.
Soft Skills:
Critical Thinking; Reading Comprehension; Active Listening; Complex Problem Solving; Operations
Analysis; Speaking; Mathematics; Science; Writing; Monitoring
Teacher Preparation:
1.
Review How to Construct a Robot Part 3: Wheel slide presentation.
2.
Prepare Story Board handout for each student.
3.
Prepare Plan Sheet handout for each student.
4.
Prepare How to Construct a Robot Part by Part Rubric for each student.
5.
Research books and internet for applications for how to find speed.
6.
Have materials and equipment ready for students to choose.
References:
1.
Malcolm, D.
R.
(1988).
Robotics: An Introduction (Electronics Technology) (2 nd
ed.).
Albany, NY:
Delmar.
2.
Potter, T., & Guild, I.
(1983).
Robotics (New Technology) .
London, England: Usborne.
3.
Magazines for mechanics
4.
NASA Robotics
5.
Internet search for gears, problem solving applications
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Instructional Aids:
1.
How to Construct a Robot Part 3: Wheel slide presentation
2.
How to Construct a Robot Part by Part Rubric
3.
Story Board handout
4.
Plan Sheet handout
5.
Computer aided design/drafting software
6.
Internet access
Materials Needed:
1.
Story Board handout for each student
2.
Plan Sheet handout for each student
3.
How to Construct a Robot Part by Part Rubric for each student
4.
Computer aided design/drafting software
5.
Wood, plywood, metal, screws, string, rubber tire tubs
Equipment Needed:
1.
Assorted hand tools
2.
Metal cutters
3.
Scroll saw
4.
Drill press
5.
Scratch awl
6.
Compass
Learner Preparation:
How to Construct a Robot Parts 1 ‐ 2 lessons
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
SAY: Today we are going to learn how to construct a wheel and attach the wheel to the body of the robot.
ASK: Does anyone know what three things you should keep in mind while constructing a wheel?
(Allow time for answers.)
SAY: Yes, weight, grip, and speed.
SAY : We are now going through a slide presentation called How to Construct a Robot Part 3: Wheel.
We will stop twice so that you will be able to create your wheel and parts .
SHOW: Point out a few examples from the presentation.
SAY: Next we will look at the wheel Plan Sheet.
SHOW : The wheel Plan Sheet and then stop and let the students develop their own wheel.
After they have completed one device, continue with the rest of the presentation, allowing students to follow the
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7
steps in the presentation to create their own wheel and its attaching parts.
ASK: Which wheel was best for this robot and its connecting parts?
(Allow time for the students to
EXPLAIN their answers.)
Outline
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the slide presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in conjunction with the following outline.
MI Outline Notes to Instructor
I.
Define a wheel as a device used to move objects over a distance
Teacher will begin the
How to Construct a Robot
Part 3: Wheel slide presentation and define a wheel.
Distribute Story
Board and Plan Sheet handouts and How to
Construct a Robot Part by
Part Rubric.
Teacher will discuss
II.
Discuss the problem solving process for a wheel
A.
Understanding the problem
B.
Devising a plan
C.
Carrying out the plan
D.
Questioning students
E.
Looking back, evaluating
the end
solving relates wheel.
Slides
Teacher
steps of
3
to
‐
to process creating
17.
will slide
the stop
17
problem as
for
at
it a
the
.
III.
Follow
A.
B.
C.
procedures
Construct
Things
Follow
to
in by keep story
the
a
in slide plan
mind board
presentation sheet
D.
Review three wheel examples
E.
Construct a plan sheet for materials (select one)
1.
hub to wheel
2.
hub to motor
3.
mount to box, wheel housing
F.
Revise or select design
students to begin their own designs of wheel and
attachments.
Slide 3 ‐ 20 (wheel)
Teacher will guide students through wheel procedures in the How to
Construct a Robot Part 3: wheel slide presentation.
Students will complete a
Plan Sheet and follow the
Story Board and rubric in constructing the wheel of their choice.
It is
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8
IV.
Allow
A.
B.
students
to
Students
Students
construct construct try
the wheel different different
wheels challenges
V.
Evaluation of challenge (wheel)
A.
Which device worked and why?
B.
What are ways to improve the device?
C.
What would you do differently if allowed unlimited materials?
D.
How would you do it differently?
VI.
Last step of problem solving process – looking back
A.
Evaluate all designs
B.
Vote which wheel was best for certain tasks necessary for the teacher to assist students in how
to find speed.
Teacher continues to ask questions regarding student designs.
As the students are working, the teacher reminds them to think of things in their everyday life that the wheel could be used for.
Students will construct a
robot part (wheel) that matches the criteria in the How to Construct a
Robot Part by Part Rubric.
Teacher will ask students questions once they have finished their devices.
The teacher should question students why they chose certain materials.
Finish How to Construct a
Robot Part 3: Wheel slide presentation.
Teacher will guide students through an evaluation of their designs and voting on which wheel was best for certain tasks.
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Verbal
Linguistic
Logical
Mathematical
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intra ‐ personal
Inter ‐ personal
Naturalist Existentialist
Application
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Throughout the How to Construct a Robot Part 3: Wheel slide presentation, students will be taught how to make a wheel and all its attachments, and how to think critically how to design and draw a wheel and
its attachments.
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Students will be required to be creative, think critically, and make their own wheel and its attachments.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
Question: Which wheel was the best for speed?
Answer: (It depends on the wheel created.) The best answer will most likely be a kind of wheel that was
thin and tall (10”).
Question: Which wheel could best move a lot of weight?
Answer: (It depends on the wheel created.) The best answer will most likely be a kind of wheel that was
thicker and had a lot of surface traction.
Question: Which wheel worked best for combination and multiple tasks?
Answer: The wheel that had the best combination of weight, grip, and speed.
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
The teacher will observe the students as they work on creating and testing their wheels.
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Construction of a Robot Part by Part Rubric.
The students will create a wheel for different tasks and should be evaluated by efficiency of the wheel and design.
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10
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
For more enrichment, students should construct a wheel that can be operated electronically.
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Name______________________________________Grade_______________Class____________________
Name of Project ___________________Date Started ________________Date Completed______________
Working Drawing ‐ Refine part in drawing software or three ‐ view drawing.
SIZE
NO T W L
NAME OF
PART COST
Tools and Machines: Steps or Procedure:
1. ______________________________________ 1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________
4. ______________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________
5. ______________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________
6. ______________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________
7. ______________________________________ 7. ______________________________________________
8. ______________________________________ 8. ______________________________________________
9. ______________________________________ 9. ______________________________________________
10. ______________________________________ 10.
______________________________________________
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How to Construct a Robot Part by Part Rubric
Task Statement: Students will demonstrate they can construct a robot part by part.
Task Assignment: Students will lay out and dimension each part; consider the weight, speed and tolerance; determine what tools to use and how to use them; incorporate safety tips as a priority; and use appropriate materials for cost effectiveness.
Criteria -
Concepts/Skills to be
Assessed
Novice
1
Developing
2
Exemplary
3
Points
Earned
Lay out and dimension the robot part by part
(Possible 15 points)
Consider weight, speed, and tolerance of each part
(Possible 15 points)
What tools will you use and how do you use the tools?
(Possible 15 points)
What safety tips are required?
Pencil sketch main idea
(1-5 points)
Correct height, width, and depth of each part
(1-5 points)
Correct tools for the correct job
(1-5 points)
Always wear safety glasses; have a clean and safe work space
Complete sketch to working drawing and dimensions
(6-10 points)
Correct height, width, depth, weight, speed, and tolerance of each part
(6-10 points)
Correct tools for the correct job; precision and accuracy required
(6-10 points)
Always wear safety glasses; have a clean and safe work space; lay out
Complete working drawing, and dimension with exact measurements (*add five extra credit points to simulate and animate the parts)
(11-15 points)
Correct height, width, depth, weight, speed, and tolerance of each part to balance load for winning applications
(11-15 points)
Correct tools for the correct job; precision and accuracy required to save you time and effort
(11-15 points)
Always wear safety glasses; have a clean and safe work space; lay out
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14
(Possible 15 points)
Use only materials provided in class
(Possible 15 points)
Why are you using the materials selected?
(Possible 15 points)
(1-5 points)
Select correct materials for each part
(1-5 points)
Ability to apply needed constraints
(1-5 points) stock before cutting; make all machines set up with power off
(6-10 points)
Select the correct materials, size, speed, weight, and application for all functions
(6-10 points)
Choose materials to apply the best constraints and accuracy for results and efficiencies
(6-10 points) stock before cutting; make all machines set up with power off; wear proper attire; obey all safety rules; select the correct tool for the correct job
(11-15 points)
Select the correct materials, size, speed, weight and applications for all functions and measurements to take you through the applications with ease
(11-15 points)
Choose materials to apply the best constraints and accuracy for results and efficiencies that will accurately affect performance
(11-15 points)
Find cost of materials To avoid waste To avoid waste; and is for best business practices
To avoid waste; and is for best business practices; and results in the efficiency of management
(Possible 15 points) (1-5 points) (6-10 points) (11-15 points)
A = 73-105 points; B = 40-72 points; C = 8-39 points; D = 0-7 points
*Add five extra credit points to simulate and animate the parts: __________
Total Points:__________
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15