Lesson Plan
Course Title: Robotics and Automation
Session Title: Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural System
Performance Objective:
After completing this lesson, students will be able to demonstrate they have learned the basics of
robotic structural systems by passing the Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural System Quiz.
Specific Objectives:
 Describe how to make a robot move.
 Identify and use tools to construct a robot base.
 Develop mechanical aptitude.
 Design and build a structural system to support and protect a subsystem.
 Describe advantages and disadvantages of different types of construction materials.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the
activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Robotics and Automation:
•
130.370(c)(4)(F)(G)
…handle and store tools and materials correctly;
…describe the results of negligent or improper maintenance.
•
130.370(c)(9)(A)
…safely use tools and laboratory equipment to construct and repair systems;
•
130.370(c)(10)(G)
…implement a system to identify and track all components of the robotic or automated
system and all elements involved with the operation, construction, and manipulative
functions;
•
130.370(c)(11)(B)
…identify and use appropriate tools, equipment, machines, and materials to produce the
prototype;
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
Physics:
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•
112.39(c)(3)(B)(C)
…communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as
current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;
…draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and
services;
•
112.39(c)(5)(D)
…identify examples of electric and magnetic forces in everyday life;
Occupational Correlation:
Electronics Engineering Technologists 17-3029.04
Similar Job Titles: Electronics Technology Instructor, Electronics Department Manager,
Electronics Technology Department Chair, Professor
Tasks:
 Replace defective components or parts, using hand tools and precision instruments;
 Inspect newly installed equipment to adjust or correct operating problems;
 Assemble circuitry for electronic systems according to engineering instructions,
production specifications, or technical manuals;
 Select electronics equipment, components, or systems to meet functional specifications.
Soft Skills:
Achievement; Attention to Detail; Dependability; Analytical Thinking
Teacher Preparation:
Review the Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural System presentation, the lesson plan
documents, and the quiz. Use the quiz to direct teacher emphasis on specific topics. Teachers
should research internet resource links to show students and make sure to preview them for
functionality, content and appropriateness. And, research textbooks and the internet to know
how inventory management systems work. Gather parts and pieces used to build a robot, a robot
base, the structural system, and tools to show in class (see equipment needed below).
References:
1. Pearson (2002) Introduction to Robotics in CIM Systems, 5TH edition (IRSA) by James
Rehg
2. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill (2004) Glencoe Technology Today and Tomorrow (Teacher
Annotated Edition) (GTTT)
3. E.D.C. Publishing (1984-05) Robotics (Usborne New Technology) by Tony Potter
4. Delmar Publishers (1988-12) Robotics: An Introduction (Electronics Technology) by
Douglas R., Jr. Malcolm
5. McGraw-Hill Companies (1994-06) The McGraw-Hill Illustrated Encyclopedia of Robotics
& Artificial Intelligence
6. Prentice Hall (1998-06) Robotics: Introduction, Programming, and Projects (2nd Edition)
by James L. Fuller
7. BEST Robotics Inc.: www.bestinc.org
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8. FIRST: www.usfirst.org
9. MATE: www.marinetech.org
Instructional Aids:
1. Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural System presentation and notes
2. Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural Systems Quiz answer key
Materials Needed:
1. Paper, pen/pencil
2. Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural Systems Quiz
Equipment Needed:
1. Computer (preferably connected to the internet)
2. Overhead projector
3. A variety of tools used for demonstration and practice:
o Screwdriver
o Crescent wrench
o Wire strippers
o Needle nose pliers
o Allen wrench
o Diagonal cutter
o Hacksaw
o Chop saw
o Vise
o Multi-purpose rotary power tool
o Scroll saw
o Soldering iron
4. Examples parts to show:
o 6-32 and 8-32 bolts
o Keps nuts
o Square drive shaft
o Bearing flat
o Spacers and friction reducers
o Metal sized by number of holes – 5 X 15; 1 X 25
Learner Preparation:
The recommended prerequisite to this lesson is Introduction to Robotics Part 1: Overview.
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
SAY: We have looked at some of the basics involving robots. Today we want to start looking at
some specifics.
ASK: Does anyone know where you start when you are going to build a robot?
SAY: You start with the base or the frame because that will determine the stability and the
capability of the rest of the robot.
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ASK: Do we ever start with the objectives the robot is intended to accomplish before we begin
to design the base?
SAY: Yes of course we do. We need to know what design will allow us to complete those
objectives. However, when it comes to building the robot, you always start first with the base.
SHOW: an example of a robot base; and the structural system
SAY: The structural system is the physical system that provides support and stability.
SAY: You will also use a variety of parts and pieces to build a robot.
SHOW: 6-32 and 8-32 bolts, Keps Nuts, Square Drive Shaft, Bearing Flat, Spacers and Friction
Reducers, Metal sized by number of holes – 5 X 15; 1 X 25.
SAY: You will also use a variety of tools to build a robot.
SHOW: Screwdriver, Crescent Wrench, Wire Strippers, Needle Nose Pliers, Allen Wrench
Diagonal Cutter, Hacksaw, Chop Saw, Vise, Multi-purpose rotary power tool, Scroll Saw,
Soldering Iron.
Alternative example: show an example of a built robot, pointing out the robot base and structural
system and how those systems provide the support and foundation for all other systems.
Outline
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in conjunction with the
following outline.
MI
Outline
Notes to Instructor
I.
Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural
System
A. This is Part 2 of a six part lesson on
robotics.
B. This lesson primarily covers theory
although it is possible for students to
design and build a simple robot base as
the result of this lesson.
The 6 lessons
developed each cover
one robotic sub
system in some detail.
Robot building and
construction is covered
in part 6, so the
sequence is theory
first, application at the
end. There is room to
take some time for tool
use and construction
practice if students get
impatient. Begin the
Introduction to
Robotics Part 2:
Structural System
presentation.
II.
Structural and Mechanical System
A. These are the parts and pieces that are
used to physically build the robot.
B. The structural system is used to support
and protect the control system.
C. The tool examples shown are typical of
what is needed for a student robot.
For students to be able
to build a robot they
have to be able to also
identify the different
pieces and how the
different robot subsystems relate to each
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.
D. The structural pieces included in a kit are
standard sizes, shapes, and lengths.
These may need to be modified for
custom designs, which is where a vise and
a multi-purpose rotary power tool come in
handy.
other.
(Slides 2-3)
III. Inventory Management System
A. Go over a description of inventory
management systems and where they are
used.
B. Inventory management coverage is a
TEKS requirement.
(Slide 4)
Teachers will need to
research inventory
management systems
to be prepared for
discussion.
IV. Tools and Supplies
A. Show pictures and/or descriptions.
B. These are common and standard tools
found in robot building shops.
C. Not every shop will have all of these tools,
but the more tools available the more skills
the students learn and better design and
construction follows.
D. The number of parts used to build a
robot are extensive and almost require
some type of inventory management
system to manage.
(Slides 5-8)
Teacher should be
prepared to show
pictures, tools, and
parts used to build a
robot.
V. Robot Base Considerations
A. There are many different elements to
consider. Use the quiz and personal
experience to guide emphasis.
B. Pictures and/or descriptions of the pieces
mentioned can make the descriptions
more real.
Use your experience
to add to this part of
the lesson. Stories,
lessons, and practical
tips can aid student
interest.
(Slides 9-13)
VI. Wheels and Drive System
A. Two wheels form a basic robot, and allow
the robot to drive and turn.
You may not have
enough wheels and/or
wheel assemblies to
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B. Four drive wheels are for an advanced
robot requiring an increased level of
control and programming.
C. The types of propulsion are for student
robots. Students may wish to build flying
robots with jet propulsion (for example) but
other propulsion system examples may not
be practical.
make a robot drive
with four wheels.
(Slides 14-16)
(Slides 17-19)
VII. Movement
A. Emphasize the difference between motors
and servos.
B. We will go into more detail on how to use
electronics and programming to create the
different types of pulse width modulation
later.
Verbal
Linguistic
VIII. Kit Versus Build from Scratch
A. Students should understand that there are
trade-offs involving design and
construction decisions.
B. Cost is definitely a major factor.
Use these slides to
lead you into part 3,
where we talk in more
detail about motors
(Slides 20-21)
IX. Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural
System Quiz
A. Allow 30 minutes for quiz.
B. Grade quiz.
The quiz will be
graded for a formal
assessment of this
lesson.
Logical
Mathematical
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
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Application
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
The teacher guides the students through the Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural System
presentation.
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Students should practice tool use. Students can design and build a simple robot base.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
Question: What is the structural system responsible for?
Answer: providing physical support and protection for all the other systems.
Question: What is the definition of stability?
Answer: When the center of gravity is over the support polygon.
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
Observation, question and answer, time on task, ability to follow directions.
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Introduction to Robotics Part 2: Structural Systems Quiz
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
1. Have students design and implement an inventory management system.
2. Have students use tools to design and build a robot base.
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Name________________________________Date____________________Class_____
QUIZ
Introduction to Robotics: Part 2
1.
The skeleton of a robot is part of which system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Which systems are tightly integrated to form the chassis of a robot?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Smart students
A parts inventory and management system
Plenty of workspace
A teacher with perfect memory
What are the benefits of having a large number of tools, parts, and supplies?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
Sensor and control
Structural and motion
Structural and control
Motion and actuator
A large supply of parts and supplies means you also need:
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Control System
Propulsion system
Sensor system
Structural System
Robots can look better
Robots can be more structurally sound
Robot designs can be more creative
All of the above
Describe the difference between an open end wrench and a crescent wrench.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A crescent wrench is adjustable and an open end wrench is not
A crescent wrench is close ended
A crescent wrench is used for screws
An open end wrench is also called an L – wrench
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Match the picture with the tool name:
6. Screwdriver
a.
7. Crescent wrench
b.
8. Wire strippers
c.
9. Needle nose pliers
d.
e.
10. Allen wrench
f.
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11. Diagonal cutter
g.
Match the picture with the tool name 12. Hacksaw
a.
13. Chop saw
b.
14. Vise
c.
d.
15. Rotary power tool
e.
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16. Scroll saw
f.
17. Soldering iron
g.
18.
What is the difference between 6-32 and 8-32 bolts?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The 6-32 has finer threads
The 8-32 has finer threads
The 6-32 is physically larger
The 8-32 is physically larger
19.
What is the difference between 10-32 and 10-24 bolts?
.
a.
b.
c.
d.
20.
Where are servos typically used in a robot?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The 10-32 has finer threads
The 10-24 has finer threads
The 10-32 is physically larger
The 10-24 is physically larger
In the structural system
In an arm or gripper
In the propulsion system
In the sensor system
21.
What is the advantage of using two drive wheels in a robot instead of four drive
wheels?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The robot can turn in place
They have a larger turning radius
They are easier to program and control
They require an additional joystick
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22.
What is the advantage of four drive wheels over two drive wheels?
a.
b.
c.
d.
23.
The robot can turn in place
They have a larger turning radius
They are easier to program and control
They require an additional joystick
Why are supports needed on each side of a wheel?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To keep the total weight of the robot low
To keep the axle from bending
It makes the wheel a lot easier to work on
To provide additional motion for the robot
24.
What is the definition of stability?
25.
Name three things the design and construction of the robot base determine.
26.
How do you increase the stability of a robot?
27.
Name three different types of propulsion systems for a typical student robot.
28.
What kind of motors do student robots typically use?
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QUIZ Answer Key
Introduction to Robotics: Part 2
1.
The skeleton of a robot is part of which system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Which systems are tightly integrated to form the chassis of a robot?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Smart students
A parts inventory and management system
Plenty of workspace
A teacher with perfect memory
What are the benefits of having a large number of tools, parts, and supplies?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
Sensor and control
Structural and motion
Structural and control
Motion and actuator
A large supply of parts and supplies means you also need:
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Control System
Propulsion system
Sensor system
Structural System
Robots can look better
Robots can be more structurally sound
Robot designs can be more creative
All of the above
Describe the difference between an open end wrench and a crescent wrench.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A crescent wrench is adjustable and an open end wrench is not
A crescent wrench is close ended
A crescent wrench is used for screws
An open end wrench is also called an L – wrench
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13
Match the picture with the tool name
6. Screwdriver (c)
a.
7. Crescent wrench (d)
b.
8. Wire strippers (f)
c.
d.
9. Needle nose pliers (b)
e.
10. Allen wrench (a)
f.
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11. Diagonal cutter (e)
g.
Match the picture with the tool name 12. Hacksaw (f)
a.
13. Chop saw (e)
b.
14. Vise (g)
c.
15. Rotary power tool (b)
d.
e.
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16. Scroll saw (a)
f.
17. Soldering iron (c)
g.
18.
What is the difference between 6-32 and 8-32 bolts?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The 6-32 has finer threads
The 8-32 has finer threads
The 6-32 is physically larger
The 8-32 is physically larger
19.
What is the difference between 10-32 and 10-24 bolts?
.
a.
b.
c.
d.
20.
Where are servos typically used in a robot?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The 10-32 has finer threads
The 10-24 has finer threads
The 10-32 is physically larger
The 10-24 is physically larger
In the structural system
In an arm or gripper
In the propulsion system
In the sensor system
21.
What is the advantage of using two drive wheels in a robot instead of four drive
wheels?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The robot can turn in place
They have a larger turning radius
They are easier to program and control
They require an additional joystick
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22.
What is the advantage of four drive wheels over two drive wheels?
a.
b.
c.
d.
23.
Why are supports needed on each side of a wheel?
a.
b.
c.
d.
24.
The robot can turn in place
They have a larger turning radius
They are easier to program and control
They require an additional joystick
To keep the total weight of the robot low
To keep the axle from bending
It makes the wheel a lot easier to work on
To provide additional motion for the robot
What is the definition of stability?
When the center of gravity of the robot is inside the support polygon
(inside the points of support)
25.
Name three things the design and construction of the robot base determines.
Stability, durability, maneuverability, functionality
26.
How do you increase the stability of a robot?
Lower the center of gravity
27.
Name three different types of propulsion systems for a typical student robot.
Legs, wheels, tank treads
28.
What kind of motors do student robots typically use?
Brushed DC motors
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