Lesson Plan
Course Title: Computer Maintenance
Session Title: CD and CDRW Disks and Drives
Lesson Duration: 180 Minutes
Performance Objective:
Upon completion of this assignment, the student will be able to recognize the different
types of CD-ROM, CD-R, and CD-RW drives, and the media available for today’s
computers.
Specific Objectives:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify and describe CD-ROMs.
Identify and describe the functions of CD-ROM drives.
Identify and describe the encoding process of CD-ROM disks.
Identify and describe the function of the CD-ROM drive components.
Identify and describe CD-Rs.
Identify and describe the functions of CD-R drives.
Identify and describe the encoding process of CD-R disks.
Identify and describe CD-RWs.
Identify and describe the encoding process of CD-RW disks.
Identify and describe the functions of CD-RW drives.
Install, configure, and operate a CD-RW drive.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
▪ 130.273(c)(1)
The student demonstrates the necessary skills for career development, employability, and
successful completion of course outcomes. The student is expected to:
(A) identify and demonstrate positive work behaviors that enhance employability and job
advancement such as regular attendance, promptness, attention to proper attire, maintenance
of a clean and safe work environment, appropriate voice, and pride in work;
(B) identify and demonstrate positive personal qualities such as flexibility, open-mindedness,
initiative, listening attentively to speakers, and willingness to learn new knowledge and skills;
(C) employ effective reading and writing skills;
(D) employ effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills;
(E) solve problems and think critically;
(G) identify and implement proper safety procedures;
▪ 130.273(c)(4)
The student acquires an understanding of computer technologies. The student is expected to:
(C) explain the theories of magnetism, electricity, and electronics as related to computer
technologies;
(D) explain proper troubleshooting techniques as related to computer hardware;
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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(E) differentiate among digital, analog, and input and output electronics theory;
(F) explain the relationships relative to data-communications theory;
(H) describe the function of computer components such as central processing units, storage
devices, and peripheral devices; and
▪ 130.273(c)(7)
The student uses hardware design, operation, and maintenance knowledge and skills to provide
computer support. The student is expected to:
(A) identify the purpose and function of computer components in the operation of the computer
system such as central processing unit, mother board, sockets, chipsets, basic input and output
system and their drivers, memory, hard drive technologies, video cards, input and output
devices and ports, and modem and network interface cards (NIC);
(E) install and configure computer components and peripherals.
▪ 130.273(c)(8)
The student uses troubleshooting skills with hardware knowledge to solve client problems. The
student is expected to:
(A) understand the rationale behind error messages and symptoms of hardware failures;
(F) differentiate between hardware and software failure;
(J) repair malfunctioning hardware systems;
(K) reinstall software as needed;
Instructor/Trainer
References:
www.howstuffworks.com
Instructional Aids:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
CD Drives PowerPoint Presentation
CD Drives PowerPoint Presentation – Notes Pages
CD Drives Organizer
CD Drives Lab Assignment
CD Drives Lab Assignment Rubric
CD Drives Exam
CD Drives Exam Key
Materials Needed:
• Various types of CD drives: CD-ROM, CD-R, CR-RW (not all are needed)
Equipment Needed:
•
•
A projection system to display the PowerPoint Presentation
Computers with CD drives that students may use to open, remove, and replace
CD drives
Learner
Students should read the appropriate curriculum material for CD drives, depending on
the text/curriculum being used for the course. This lesson can be taught with only the
PowerPoint presentation, and the equipment outlined above.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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Introduction
MI
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
• SAY: CD drives are replacing floppy drives as the standard medium for
saving information.
• ASK: Can anyone name four different types of CD drive connections?
[IDE, SCSI, USB, Firewire]
• ASK: Does anyone know the maximum capacity for a CD? [700MB or
80 minutes]
• ASK: Does anyone know the type of light source used to read a CDROM? [Laser]
Outline
MI
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructor Notes:
I.
Students identify and describe CDROMs (PPT slides 1-8).
Note: Instructors can use the
PowerPoint slides, handouts,
and note pages in conjunction
II. Students identify and describe the
with the following outline. Using
functions of CD-ROM drives (PPT slides a computer and projector,
9-11).
display the Powerpoint
presentation and discuss the
III. Students identify and describe the
content of each slide with the
encoding process of CD-ROM disks
students.
(PPT slides 12-15).
Handout the CD Organizer
IV. Students identify and describe the
document (1 per student), to aid
functions of the CD-ROM drive
them in note-taking strategies
components (PPT slides 16-18).
during the presentation.
V.
Students identify and describe CD-Rs
(PPT slides 19-21).
VI. Students identify and describe the
functions of CD-R drives (PPT slide 22).
VII. Students identify and describe the
encoding process of CD-R disks (PPT
slide 23),
VIII. Students identify and describe CD-RWs
(PPT slides 24-25).
IX. Students identify and describe the
encoding process of CD-RW disks (PPT
Optional: Display the following
video using a screen and
projector:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/
harvard-extension-schoolscomputer-science-e-1understand/1290-dissecting-apc-video.htm
This video demonstrates how to
disassemble the PC. For this
assignment the students only
need to watch the portion about
removing the CD drive (power
cable, IDE cable, and sound
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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slides 26).
X.
Students identify and describe the
functions of CD-RW drives (PPT slide
27-29).
XI. Students install, configure, and operate
a CD-RW drive.
cable). However, the beginning
reviews proper safety
procedures in the lab.
The teacher should demonstrate
to students how to properly
remove, install, configure, and
operate a CD-RW drive.
Handout (1) lab assignment
sheet per student. Review the
instructions with them.
Pair students up and have them
take turns completing the Lab
Assignment.
Application
MI
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
1. The teacher demonstrates how to install and use the drive.
2. The teacher provides guidance when warranted.
MI
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Students work in pairs on lab assignments, demonstrating their skills in
identifying and discussing the various CD drive elements:
• Lab 1: CD Drive
Summary
MI
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
Checking for understanding: (Q&A Session)
Q: What are the common types of CD drives?
A: CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW
Q: How do you determine if a drive is set as master or slave?
A: The jumper configuration
Q: What determines a CD-ROM’s speed?
A: The location of the disk
Evaluation
MI
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
Monitor student progress during independent practice, and provide independent
reteach/redirection as needed.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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MI
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Lab Assignment Rubric
CD Drive Exam and CD Drive Exam Key
Extension
MI
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
Students that have mastered the lab assignments, can peer-tutor students (oneon-one) that are having difficulty with understanding the concepts of CD drives
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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Icon
MI
Verbal/
Linguistic
Logical/
Mathematical
Visual/Spatial
Musical/
Rhythmic
Bodily/
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
Teaching Strategies
Personal Development
Strategies
Lecture, discussion, journal
writing, cooperative learning,
word origins
Reading, highlighting, outlining,
teaching others, reciting information
Problem-solving, number
games, critical thinking,
classifying and organizing,
Socratic questioning
Mind-mapping, reflective
time, graphic organizers,
color-coding systems,
drawings, designs, video,
DVD, charts, maps
Use music, compose songs
or raps, use musical
language or metaphors
Organizing material logically, explaining
things sequentially, finding patterns,
developing systems, outlining, charting,
graphing, analyzing information
Developing graphic organizers, mindmapping, charting, graphing, organizing
with color, mental imagery (drawing in
the mind’s eye)
Use manipulatives, hand
signals, pantomime, real life
situations, puzzles and board
games, activities, roleplaying, action problems
Reflective teaching,
interviews, reflective listening,
KWL charts
Cooperative learning, roleplaying, group brainstorming,
cross-cultural interactions
Natural objects as
manipulatives and as a
background for learning
Socratic questions, real-life
situations, global
problems/questions
Creating rhythms out of words, creating
rhythms with instruments, playing an
instrument, putting words to existing
songs
Moving while learning, pacing while
reciting, acting out scripts of material,
designing games, moving fingers under
words while reading
Reflecting on the personal meaning of
information, studying in quiet settings,
imagining experiments, visualizing
information, journaling
Studying in a group, discussing
information, using flash cards with
others, teaching others
Connecting with nature, forming study
groups with like-minded people
Considering the personal relationship to
the larger context
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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Disks and Drives PowerPoint Organizer
Objectives
•
•
•
Identify and Describe the CDs: CD-ROM; CD-R; CD-RW disks.
Identify and Describe the CD drive functions and components.
Identify and Describe the encoding process of CDs.
I.
CD-ROM Basics
A. CD-ROM stands for _____________ Disk - Read ______________ Memory
B. The price of CD-ROM drives has gone _________ considerably in the last few
years.
C. CD-ROMs have high ______________ and broad ______________.
D. The CD-ROM has replaced the ______________ drive
E. The "multimedia revolution" was largely a result of the availability of
_____________ CD-ROM drives.
F. CD-ROMs use compact disks – the same physical disk format as the ones we use
for ___________.
G. Special _____________________ is used to allow these disks to hold _________.
H. CD-ROM drives play a significant role in your computer system
Software Support:
I. A large number of ________________ titles are only available on CD-ROM.
J. Not having a CD-ROM means losing out on a large segment of the PC
_____________ market.
K. Some CD-ROMs require a drive that meets certain minimum _________________
requirements.
Performance:
L. _____________ uses the CD-ROM drive, so the _______________ level of the
drive is important.
M. The more you use the CD-ROM, the more __________________ it is that it
perform well.
N. Recordable formats, such as ________ and _________, are evolving quickly
II. Reading the Disk
A. A beam of __________ energy is emitted from an infrared __________ diode and
aimed toward a reflecting __________. The mirror is part of the __________
assembly, which moves linearly along the __________ of the disk.
B. The light reflects off the mirror and through a focusing __________, and shines
onto a specific __________ on the disk.
C. A certain amount of light is ___________________ back from the disk. The
amount of light reflected __________ on which part of the disk the beam strikes:
each position on the disk is __________ as a one or a zero based on the
presence or absence of "__________ " on the surface of the disk.
D. A series of ______________, ______________, and ______________
accumulates and focuses the reflected light from the surface of the disk and sends
it toward a ______________.
E. The photodetector transforms the light energy into ______________ energy. The
strength of the signal is dependent on how much light was ______________ from
the disk.
F. The job of the CD player is to ______________ the laser on the track of bumps.
G. The laser beam passes ______________ the polycarbonate layer,
H. reflects off the ______________ layer, and
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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I. hits an opto-electronic device that detects ______________ in light.
J. The bumps ______________ light differently than the "lands" (the rest of the
aluminum layer).
K. The opto-electronic sensor detects that change in ______________.
L. The electronics in the drive ______________ the changes in reflectivity in order to
read the bits that make up the bytes.
III. The CD Medium
A. A CD is a simple piece of ______________, about four one-hundredths (4/100) of
an inch (1.2 mm) thick.
B. During manufacturing, this plastic is impressed with microscopic ______________,
arranged as a single, continuous, extremely long ______________ track of data.
C. Once the clear piece of polycarbonate is formed, a thin, reflective
______________ layer is sputtered onto the disc, covering the bumps. Then a thin
______________ layer is sprayed over the aluminum to protect it.
D. A CD has a single spiral track of ______________ – circling from the
______________ of the disc to the outside.
E. The spiral track starts at the ______________ – this means that the CD can be
smaller than 4.8 inches (12 cm).
F. The data track is small – _____ microns wide – with ______ microns separating
one track from the next (a ______________ is a millionth of a meter).
G. The elongated bumps that make up the track are each 0.5 microns wide – a
minimum of _____ microns long and ______ nanometers high (a
________________ is a billionth of a meter).
H. The small dimensions of the bumps make the spiral track extremely
______________.
I. If you could lift the data track off a CD and stretch it out into a straight line, it would
be ____ microns wide and almost 3.5 _________ (5 km) long!
IV. Parts of the CD-ROM Drive
A. The CD player has the job of ________________ and ________________ the
data stored as bumps on the CD.
B. The CD player must be ________________.
C. The drive consists of three fundamental components:
1. The __________________________, which spins the disc. The drive
motor rotates between 200 and ______ rpm.
2. A ________________ and a _________system focus in on and read the
bumps.
3. A ________________ mechanism moves the laser assembly so that the
laser's beam can follow the spiral track. The tracking system has to be
able to move the laser at ________________ resolutions.
D. The ________________ is the job of the ________________ system. The tracking
system has to continually move the laser ________________. As the laser moves
outward from the ________________ of the disc, the bumps move past the laser
________________ – as the laser moves outward, the ________________ motor
must ________________ the speed of the CD. That way, the bumps travel past
the laser at a ________________ speed, and the data comes off the disc at a
constant ________________.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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V. Recordable CDs
A. CD-recordable discs, or CD-Rs, _____________ have any bumps or flat areas at
all.
B. Instead, they have a smooth reflective metal layer, which rests on top of a layer of
photosensitive _____________.
C. When the disc is blank, the dye is _____________: light can shine through and
reflect off the metal surface. When you _____________ the dye layer with
concentrated light of a particular frequency and intensity, the dye turns
_____________. It _____________ to the point that light can't pass through.
D. By selectively darkening particular points along the CD track and leaving other
areas of dye translucent, you can create a _____________ pattern that a standard
CD player can ________.
E. The light from the player's laser beam will only _____________ back to the sensor
when the dye is left _____________, in the same way that it will only bounce back
from the flat areas of a _____________ CD.
F. So, even though the CD-R disc doesn't have any bumps pressed into it at all, it
behaves just like a _____________ disc.
VI. CD Burners
A. The CD _____________ has a moving laser _____________, just like an ordinary
CD player.
B. But it also has a "_____________ laser."
C. The _____________ is more _____________ than the read laser, so it interacts
with the disc differently:
D. It _____________ the surface instead of just _____________ light off of it.
E. Read lasers are not _____________ enough to darken the dye material, so simply
playing a CD-R in a CD drive will not _____________ any encoded information.
F. The write laser moves in _____________ the same way as the read laser: it moves
outward while the disc _____________.
G. The bottom plastic layer has grooves pre-pressed into it, to _____________ the
laser along the correct _____________.
H. By calibrating the rate of spin with the _____________ of the laser assembly, the
burner keeps the laser running along the track at a _____________ rate of speed.
I. To _____________ the data, the burner simply turns the laser writer on and off in
_____________ with the pattern of ____ and ____.
J. The laser _____________ the material to encode a __ and leaves it translucent to
encode a ___.
K. CD-RW discs have a built-in _____________ function, so you can record over old
data you don't need any more.
L. These discs are based on _____________ __________ technology.
M. In CD-RW discs, the phase-change element is a _____________ compound of
various metals.
N. You can change this compound's form by _____________ it to certain
temperatures.
O. When heated above its _____________ temperature (around 600 degrees
Celsius), it becomes a _____________; at its crystallization temperature (around
200 degrees Celsius), it turns into a _____________.
P. In phase-change compounds these shifts in form can be "_____________ into
place":
Q. they persist even after the material _____________ down again.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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9
R. If you heat the _____________ in CD-RW discs to the melting temperature and let
it cool _____________, it will remain in a fluid state even though it is below the
crystallization temperature.
S. In order to crystallize the compound, you have to keep it at the crystallization
temperature for a certain length of _____________, so that it turns into a
_____________ before it cools down again.
T. The crystalline form is translucent, while the fluid form will _____________ most
light.
U. On a new, blank CD, all of the material in the writable area is in the
_____________ form.
V. The light will shine through this layer to the reflective metal above and bounce back
to the light sensor.
W. To _____________ information on the disc, the CD burner uses its write laser,
which is powerful enough to heat the compound to its _____________
temperature.
X. These "melted" spots serve the same purpose as the _____________ on a
conventional CD and the _____________ spots on a CD-R:
Y. they block the "_____________ " laser so it won't reflect off the metal layer.
Z. Each non-reflective area indicates a ___ in the digital code. Every spot that
remains crystalline is still _____________, indicating a ___.
AA.As with CD-Rs, the read laser does not have enough power to _____________ the
state of the material in the recording layer
BB.While it isn't strong enough to melt the material, it does have the necessary
_____________ to heat the material to the crystallization point.
CC. By holding the material at this temperature, the erase laser _____________ the
compound to its crystalline state, effectively _____________ the encoded 0. This
_____________ the disc so new data can be encoded.
DD. CD-RW discs do not reflect as much _____________ as older CD formats,
EE.They cannot be read by most _____________ CD players and CD-ROM drives.
FF. Some newer drives and players, including all CD-RW writers, can adjust the read
laser to work with different CD _____________.
GG. Since CD-RWs will not work on many CD players, these are not a good choice
for _____________ CDs.
HH. For the most part, they are used as _____________ storage devices for
computer files.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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Student Name: ______________________________
Computer Maintenance
CD-Disks and Drives
Lab 1: Part 1 – Removing a malfunctioning CD-R or CD-RW drive
Step 1
a.
b.
c.
d.
Before beginning, be sure to put on an anti-static wristband.
Before opening the case, turn off the computer and unplug the power cable.
Disconnect the peripheral devices from the backplane of the computer case.
Remove the cover from the computer case and ground yourself.
Step 2
a. Disconnect the cables from the back of the CD-R or CD-RW drive.
b. Remove the CD-R or CD-RW from the case.
Step 3
a. Obtain a replacement CD-RW drive.
b. Install the CD-RW drive inside the case.
c. Connect the appropriate cables.
Step 4
a. Replace the case cover.
b. Reconnect all peripherals and the power plug.
Step 5
a. Start the PC.
Step 6
a. Locate the CD burning software.
b. Navigate the software to properly burn data to a CD.
c. If needed, locate and install the correct drivers for the new CD-RW burner.
Step 7
a. Place the newly burned CD in another computer.
b. Try to view the data that was burned.
c. If the data on the CD is not viewable, troubleshoot the hardware and/or software
until viewable data is obtained on the newly burned CD.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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CD
Computer Maintenance
Name ______________________________
Date _________________________
CD Discs and Drives Exam
Multiple Choice
1. A CD-ROM has all of the following EXCEPT
a. Pits
b. A spiral track of data
c. Polycarbonate
d. Laser converter
2. A CD-ROM drive has all the following components EXCEPT?
a. Polycarbonate layer
b. Tracking mechanism
c. Drive motor
d. Laser and lens system
3. The length of a data track from a CD can be as long as
a. 500 microns
b. 8 miles
c. 3 miles
d. .8 microns
4. While reading data
a. The spindle motor must slow the speed of the CD
b. The spindle motor must increase the speed of the CD
c. The speed of the laser reading the bumps = radius x rpm
d. All of the above
5. Data on a CD-R is read
a. Translucent = 0
b. Opaque = 0
c. Blank = opaque
d. Both B and C
True/False
6. _____ CD-ROM stands for Counter Device- Reading Optical Modem.
7. _____ A CD is a piece of plastic with a layer of metal and acrylic.
8. _____ The only difference between a CD-R and a CD-RW is that the CD-RW can hold
more data than the CD-R.
9. _____ The tracking system moves the laser outward while reading data.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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10. _____ The CD player’s job is to find and read data stored on a CD.
11. _____ The CD-R has a special dye rather than pits or bumps.
Short Answer
12. Briefly explain the function of the photodetector in the CD-ROM drive.
13. Briefly explain the phase-change compound of a CD-RW disk
14. Briefly explain the erase process for CD-RW disks.
15. Briefly explain why older CD drives cannot read newer CD-RWs, but the newer CD-RWs
can read older CDs.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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Name ________________________
Date _________________________
CD Discs and Drives Exam - KEY
Multiple Choice
1. A CD-ROM has all of the following EXCEPT
a. Pits
b. A spiral track of data
c. Polycarbonate
d. Laser converter
2. A CD-ROM drive has all the following components EXCEPT?
a. Polycarbonate layer
b. Tracking mechanism
c. Drive motor
d. Laser and lens system
3. The length of a data track from a CD can be as long as
a. 500 microns
b. 8 miles
c. 3 miles
d. .8 microns
4. While reading data
a. The spindle motor must slow the speed of the CD
b. The spindle motor must increase the speed of the CD
c. Speed of the laser reading the bumps = radius x rpm
d. All of the above
5. Data on a CD-R is read
a. Translucent = 0
b. Opaque = 0
c. Blank = opaque
d. Both B and C
True/False
6. _____ CD-ROM stands for Counter Device- Reading Optical Modem. F
7. _____ A CD is a piece of plastic with a layer of metal and acrylic. T
8. _____ The only difference between a CD-R and a CD-RW is that the CD-RW can hold
more data than the CD-R. F
9. _____ The tracking system moves the laser outward while reading data. T
10. _____ The CD player’s job is to find and read data stored on a CD. T
11. _____ The CD-R has a special dye rather than pits or bumps. T
Short Answer
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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14
12. Briefly explain the function of the photodetector in the CD-ROM drive.
 The photo detector transforms the reflected light energy into electrical energy.
13. Briefly explain the phase-change compound of a CD-RW disk
 On a new, blank CD, all of the material in the writable area is in the crystalline
compound form. When it is heated to its melting temperature it becomes darkened
and is non-reflective.
14. Briefly explain the erase process for CD-RW disks.
 The erase laser of the CD burner heats the material of the CD-RW to the crystalline
state, in effect, removing the darkening so that it becomes translucent again.
15. Briefly explain why older CD drives cannot read newer CD-RWs, but the newer CD-RWs
can read older CDs.
 CD-RWs do not reflect as much light as older CDs, so the older drives can’t detect
data. The newer drives have the ability to adjust the read laser to work with different
formats of CDs.
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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CD Drive Lab Assignment Scoring Rubric
Total possible score is 30
5 Points
3-4 Points
1-2 Points
0 Points
Awarded
TECHNICAL
•
PROPERLY
REMOVED CD
DRIVE
•
PROPERLY
INSTALLED
NEW CD DRIVE
•
PROPERLY
RECONNECTE
D
PERIPHERALS
NAVIGATED
SOFTWARE TO
BURN A
VIEWABLE CD
WORK AREA
CLEAN
FOLLOWS
SAFETY
GUIDELINES
•
•
•
REMOVED
WITH
PHYSICAL
ASSISTANCE
REMOVED
REMOVED
REMOVED
WITH
WITHOUT
WITH VERBAL
PHYSICAL
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
RECONNECTED
RECONNECTED RECONNECTED
WITH
WITHOUT
WITH VERBAL
PHYSICAL
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
BURNED A CD
BURNED A CD
BURNED A CD
WITH
WITHOUT
WITH VERBAL
PHYSICAL
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
REMOVED
WITHOUT
ASSISTANCE
REMOVED
WITH VERBAL
ASSISTANCE
DID NOT
REMOVE
DID NOT
REMOVE
DID NOT
RECONNECT
DID NOT
BURN A
VIEWABLE
CD
SUPERIOR
SUITABLE
MEDIOCRE
INADEQUATE
SUPERIOR
SUITABLE
MEDIOCRE
INADEQUATE
Grade (total points
awarded)
IT: Computer Maintenance: CD & CDRW Disks and Drives Plan
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16