Performance Objective
Upon completion of this lesson, each student will have an understanding of the origin of Audio Video
Production and its relationship to Film, Broadcast, Web Based Media and Associated Technologies.
Specific Objectives
• Students will understand the origin of Audio, Film and Video, Broadcast, and Associated
Technologies.
• Students will describe the evolution of the early Audio, Film and Video and Broadcast industries into today’s multifaceted Audio Video Production and Broadcast Industry.
• Students will utilize the historic information to compare and contrast the evolution of current
Audio Video Technologies used in Film, Broadcast, Corporate, Industrial, Web Based, Personal and Social Media.
• Students will compare and contrast the historic types of productions based on Technical
Requirements, Distribution Workflows and Market Share (the number of people using the technologies). Identify how Technical Requirements, Distribution Workflows and Market Share have changed Social Attitudes over time.
This lesson should take three class days to complete; add at least 2 days for presentations.
TEKS Correlations
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Practicum in Audio/Video Production
130.87(c)
(1) The student applies academic knowledge and skills in production projects. The student:
(A) applies English language arts knowledge and skills by demonstrating use of content, technical concepts, and vocabulary; using correct grammar, punctuation, and terminology to write and edit documents; and composing and editing copy for a variety of written documents such as scripts, captions, schedules, reports, and manuals; and
(B) applies mathematics knowledge and skills in invoicing and time-based mathematics by demonstrating knowledge of arithmetic operations and applying measurement
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to solve problems.
(2) The student implements advanced professional communications strategies. The student:
(A) adapts language for audience, purpose, situation, and intent such as structure and style;
(B) organizes oral and written information;
(C) interprets and communicate information, data, and observations;
(D) presents formal and informal presentations;
(E) applies active listening skills to obtain and clarify information;
(F) listens to and speak with diverse individuals; and
(G) exhibits public relations skills to increase internal and external customer/client satisfaction.
(3) The student implements advanced problem-solving methods. The student is expected to employ critical-thinking and interpersonal skills, including data gathering and interpretation independently and in teams to solve problems and make decisions.
(4) The student implements advanced information technology applications. The student is expected to use personal information management, email, Internet, writing and publishing, presentation, and spreadsheet or database applications for audio and video projects.
(5) The student implements advanced knowledge of design systems. The student is expected to analyze and summarize the history and evolution of the audio and video production field.
(10) The student employs effective planning and time-management skills. The student uses planning and time-management skills and tools to enhance results and complete work tasks.
Interdisciplinary Correlations
Reading I, II, III
110.47(b)
(1) The student uses the following word recognition strategies. The student is expected to:
(A) Apply knowledge of letter-sound correspondences, language structure, and context to recognize words;
(B) Use reference guides such as dictionaries, glossaries, and available technology to determine pronunciations of unfamiliar words;
(2) The student acquires an extensive vocabulary through reading and systemic word study.
The student is expected to:
(A) Expand vocabulary by reading, viewing, listening, and discussing;
(B) Determine word meanings through the study of their relationships to other words and concepts such as content, synonyms, antonyms, and analogies;
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(4) The student comprehends text using effective strategies. The student is expected to:
Public Speaking I, II, III
(A) Use prior knowledge and experience to comprehend;
(B) Determine and adjust purpose for reading; and
(D) Summarize texts by identifying main ideas and relevant details.
110.57 (b)
(4) Organization. The student organizes speeches. The student is expected to:
(B) Organize speeches effectively for specific topics, purposes, audiences, and
occasions.
(7) Delivery. The student uses appropriate strategies for rehearsing and presenting speeches.
The student is expected to:
(C) Develop verbal, vocal, and physical skills to enhance presentations.
Tasks
• Students will create a digital timeline. The timeline is intended to give an overall view of the history of the Audio, Film and Video, Broadcast and Associated Technologies.
• Students will create a 3-5 minute documentary on one of the following; (select only one) o
An Historical Person – How they or their invention(s) contributed to the industry o
An Historical Organization – Show the organizations’ influence on the industry o
An Historical Company - How the Company or their invention(s) contributed to the industry o
Historic Legislation – Show how government has influenced the industry o
An Historic Event – Show how the event influenced or impacted the industry
Accommodations for Learning Differences
Lessons should accommodate the needs of every learner. These lessons may be modified to accommodate your students with learning differences by referring to the files found on the Special
Populations page of this website (cte.unt.edu).
Preparation
• Copy the handout sheets for the students
• Have materials ready to go prior to the start of the lesson
• Secure a computer lab if one is not readily accessible
Instructional Aids
• Student outline and handouts
• Student activity sheets
Materials Needed
• Computer with the following capabilities o
Access to WWW for research
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o
Access to a software program to create a Digital Timeline or Linear Presentation o
Access to Audio and Video Editing Programs
• Students can provide their own additional materials as needed
Equipment Needed
• Teacher computer
• Projector (for digital presentation)
Lesson Introduction
• Ask students to compare and contrast the many current forms of Audio Video Productions and their associated technologies. For example; o
Compare and contrast Film and Video to Broadcast to Web Based to Social Media o
Compare and contrast Audio for Film and Video to Radio to the Recording Industry to
Social Media
• Discuss how all of these Audio Video Production industries originated from the same historical technological advancements. Discuss how each new invention or advancement gave rise to an
“industry within an industry”. For example, the TV broadcast industry spawned the Cable industry; and Radio created a Recording industry.
• Discuss how advancements in technologies led to a change in social attitudes reflected by market share (the number of people using the technologies). For example, how did the MP3 media player redefine how a generation listens to music?
• Speculate if changing social attitudes and continuous shifts in market share (the number of people using the technologies) drive the advancement of current audio video production technologies. For example, how does the use of social media force manufactures to create new technologies?
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4

MI
OUTLINE
History of Audio Video Production
1 Early Years
A. Invention of moving pictures
B. Invention of audio recording
technologies.
B. Invention of broadcast technologies
D. Social impact of these new forms of
communications.
II. The Broadcast Years
A. First radio broadcast
B. First television broadcast
C. Birth of the cable television industry
D Social impact of these new forms of
Communications
III. The Dawn of the Digital Age
A. The invention of the integrated circuit,
WWW and the personal computer
B. The move from analogue AV
technologies to digital AV technologies
C. Social impact of these new forms of
communications
NOTES TO TEACHER
Students should complete the Overall
Historical Timeline Activity first. This will help demonstrate what current
Audio Video Production industries have a common history.
The 3-5 minute video activity will give students the opportunity to select a historical element that interests them and create a documentary style video to share with the class.
DUE TO COPYRIGHT the video activity may or may not be legally distributed outside the classroom. Be sure to review all copyright and fair use statutes before posting to social media or streaming video sites.
Explain how the inventions in the early years created a new and radical form of communication.
Explain how the continued improvement and development of these technologies spawned new niche industries. Example, moving pictures led to film, film to broadcast, broadcast to cable, cable to WWW.
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5

Existentialist
Interpersonal
Guided Practice
Intrapersonal Kinesthetic/
Bodily
Logical/
Mathematical
Musical/Rhythmic
Naturalist
Verbal/Linguistic
The teacher will show the multi-media presentation and explain:
• How the inventions of the early years created a new and radical form of communication .
• How all-current Audio Video Production industries have a common history.
• How social influences have molded both Audio Video Production Technologies and its history.
Visual/Spatial
Additional Instructor Notes : Explain how the evolving technologies impact social attitudes and discourse. There are many examples of how a film or broadcast has affected social norms.
Explain how social attitudes and discourse impact the evolving AV Production technologies. (Think
Social Media)
Students will complete two guided assignments.
Independent Practice
Students will create a digital timeline to understand the overall evolution of the Audio, Film / Video,
Broadcast industry.
Students will create a 3-5 minute documentary video on a specific Person, Invention, Organization,
Company, Legislative Action or Historic Event that has had an impact on the Audio, Film and Video, and Broadcast industry.
• Students will work at their own pace to complete this activity.
• All work is to be done in class, so the teacher can check for understanding.
• Students are strongly encouraged to take ownership of this activity and establish time management skills for completing on time.
• Students should strive to produce the highest quality product.
• Students will be prepared to present their projects to the class.
• Use the suggested rubrics for grading.
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Review
• How has the technology advancements in the Audio, Film and Video, and Broadcast industries changed how people communicate and tell stories?
• Why have the Audio, Film and Video, and Broadcast industries become more complex and diverse?
• Which historical era do you feel experienced the biggest change? Why?
Informal Assessment
• Daily work on assignments to monitor progress.
• Observation and informal questioning.
Formal Assessment
• Rubrics will be used to assess both activities.
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DATE Audio , Film / Video , Broadcast and Associated Technology
THE EARLY YEARS
1821 Charles Wheatstone reproduces sound in a primitive sound box – the first microphone
1877
Thomas Edison patents the phonograph – with a wax cylinder as recording medium.
Eadweard Muybridge invents high speed photography – creating first moving pictures that captured motion.
1887
Emile Berliner invents the gramophone – a system of recording which could be used over and over again.
1888 George Eastman patents the Kodak roll film camera.
1893
Thomas Edison invents the Kinetoscope. This was a machine that allowed one viewer at a time to watch a movie through a viewfinder.
1894
Louise Lumiere invents the cinematograph, which allows projection of an image onto a wall. This system used a claw movement and perforated film that was synced to an intermittent shutter movement.
1898
Valdemar Poulsen invents the first magnetic recordings – using magnetized steel tape as recording medium. This is the foundation for both mass data storage on disk and tape and the music recording industry.
1899 Edward Raymond Turner from London patented his color film process.
1901
Guglielmo Marconi transmits radio signals from Cornwall to Newfoundland – the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
The new “78 rpm” disc technology is developed.
The Victor Talking Machine Company is founded by Emile Berliner and Eldridge Johnson.
1910 Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture August 27 th in West Orange, NJ
1919 The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is founded.
1921 The first commercial AM radio broadcast is made by KDKA Pittsburg PA
1923
The 8conoscopi is invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin. This tube was used in the first television camera. He also invents the Cathode-ray tube used in Televisions in 1929.
Zenith Radio Corporation founded.
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1925
Bell Labs develops a moving armature lateral cutting system for electrical recording on disk.
Concurrently they Introduce the Victor Orthophonic Victrola, “Credenza” model.
The first electrically recorded 78 rpm disks appear.
Development of ribbon microphones.
John Logie Baird transmits the first experimental television signal.
THE BROADCAST YEARS
1927
NBC starts two radio networks.
CBS is founded.
First television broadcasts in England.
" The Jazz Singer " is the first successful talking motion picture.
1930
Radio popularity spreads with the "Golden Age" of radio .
Movietone system of recording film sound on an audio track right on the film invented.
1934 Joseph Begun invents the first tape recorder for broadcasting - first magnetic recording.
1936 First television broadcasts made available to the viewing public in London.
1938
Television broadcasts able to be taped and edited - rather than only live.
George Valensi produces initial proposal for color TV broadcast.
1939
A handful of TV stations began to broadcast, led by RCA’s New York City station, a direct ancestor of today’s WNBC. By the end of the year, television was regularly broadcasting in about a dozen cities.
1940 Walt Disney releases " Fantasia ", with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1941 The first commercial FM radio broadcast begins.
1945
The Blue Network, part of NBC, officially becomes the ABC network. A 1941 FCC ruling required
RCA to divest itself of one of its two networks; NBC Blue was sold in1943 to Edward Noble for
$8 million, and becomes ABC in 1945.
1947
"Howdy Doody," a children's series, premieres live in December as a one-hour Saturday program.
" Meet the Press ," a made-for-TV news conference debuts. It goes on to become the oldest series on network TV.
Ampex produces its first audio tape recorder, the Model 200.
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1948
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Transistors are invented - enabling the miniaturization of electronic devices.
" The Ed Sullivan Show " (originally " Toast of the Town ") makes its debut in June. The show airs until 1971.
The earliest cable systems are born in remote areas of Pennsylvania and Oregon. Known then as
Community Antenna Television, its function was simply to bring TV signals into communities where off-air reception was either non-existent or poor because of interfering mountains or distance.
1949
Network television starts in U.S. A special broadcast in January inaugurates East-Midwest TV linkage.
FCC adopts the Fairness Doctrine, making broadcasters responsible for seeking out and presenting all sides of an issue when covering controversy.
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
1951
" I Love Lucy ," a half-hour filmed TV sitcom, is born. This show is unlike the live TV productions typical of the time.
CBS broadcasts the first color program on June 21, but only 25 receivers can accommodate mechanical color. Viewers of 12 million existing sets see only a blank screen.
Charles Ginsburg and a research team at AMPEX develop the first practical video tape recorder
(VTR).
1952
National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters ratifies a new Television Code establishing guidelines for content and addressing the concerns of social critics. Nearly half the code is devoted to advertising.
1953
Color broadcasting officially arrives in the U.S. on Dec. 17, when the FCC approves a modified version of an RCA system.
1956
Videotape is introduced by Ampex Corp. at a CBS-TV affiliates' session. Most TV shows at the time are produced by the kinescope process.
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the "Sel-Sync" method .
The movie "Forbidden Planet" is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by
Louis and Bebe Barron.
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1958
There are 525 cable TV systems serving 450,000 subscribers in the U.S.
In February, CBS takes out a two-page ad in TV Guide in which it warns the public: "Free television as we know it cannot survive alongside pay television"
The first commercial stereo disk recordings produced by Audio Fidelity.
1964
FCC issues its first cable regulation: There are about 1 million homes wired for cable in the U.S. at the time.
Philips introduces its own 30-minute compact audiocassette format for the tape cartridge and offers licenses worldwide, allowing other manufacturers to duplicate the specifications. This standardization of cassette tapes creates a market for an inexpensive and portable solution to reel-to-reel tape.
1969
Public Broadcasting Service begins, and in November launches " Sesame Street ," one of the most influential achievements in children's TV.
ARPANET - the first Internet started by the Government.
DAWN OF THE DIGITAL AGE
1971
The computer floppy disc is invented. The microprocessor is invented - considered a computer on a chip.
Sony introduces the U-matic system, the world's first commercial videocassette format.
The U.S. Congress declares sound recordings worthy of copyright protection and passes the
1971 Sound Recording Amendment to the 1909 Copyright Statute.
1972 HBO invents pay-TV service for cable.
1976
The home computer is invented.
First nationwide programming - via satellite: Ted Turner’s WTBS, Atlanta, becomes a
“superstation" to viewers in much of the U.S. via cable TV.
Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe
Opera.
JVC introduced in Japan the VHS format VCR for $885. Sony introduced a Betamax VCR deck for
$1300 and began an aggressive advertising claiming that it "can actually videotape something off one channel while you're watching another channel" and "build a library of your favorite shows." The famous consumer video tape cartridge format war begins.
1978
" Apocalypse Now " became the first formal movie release in cinemas with three channels in the front and two in the rear - Surround Sound!
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1979
ESPN, a total sports network, makes its debut on cable. It becomes the largest and most successful basic cable channel, carried by virtually every cable system, and reaches more than
57 million households.
1980
Sony Walkman is invented.
Pioneer begins selling home LaserDisc players.
Ted Turner's Cable News Network (CNN) is born.
MTV: Music Television makes its debut in August.
1981
The first PC is sold (IBM). First laptop computers sold to the public. The computer mouse becomes a regular part of computer.
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
1983
First cellular phone network started in the United States.
Fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance digital audio transmission, linking New York and
Washington, D.C.
1984
Apple Macintosh released
IBM PC AT released.
With the deregulation of the cable industry, Tele-Communications Inc. aggressively begins buying cable systems nationwide. By the end of the decade, TCI will have spent nearly $3 billion for 150 cable companies.
1985
Cellular telephones in cars become wide-spread.
CD-ROMs in computers.
In March, Capital Cities Communications buys ABC for $3.5 billion
Amiga 1000 launched. The first real multimedia computer with groundbreaking A/V facilities:
4096 colour graphics, 4 channel 8-bit sound, and a proper pre-emptive multitasking OS.
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12

1987
In April, 20th Century Fox owner Rupert Murdoch launches Fox Broadcasting Co.
More than 50% of U.S. households are now wired for cable.
The FCC establishes an Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service. Their main role was to decide which standard was to be used for future digital televisions. Of the 23 different systems that were proposed, the Advanced Television Systems Committee chose the new digital television standard that we use today. The ATSC standard (1920x1080 pixels, 16:9)
1988
Widespread use of videocassette recorders drain away the TV viewing audience. At the start of the year, almost 60% of TV households have a VCR -- up from 4% in 1982.
The CD surpasses the LP in sales.
Recordable CDs are demonstrated.
Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) working group is formed.
1989
Fraunhofer received a German patent for MP3 - Moving Picture Experts Group-1, Audio Layer
III, a standard for audio compression that makes any digital music file smaller with little or no loss of sound quality.
1993
Digital HDTV Grand Alliance forms in May of 1993 under the auspices of the FCC and was tasked with producing a single set of standards that would allow HDTV transmission to be phased into use in the United States. Members of the Grand Alliance included General Instrument, Zenith,
Sarnoff Labs (RCA), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), AT&T Labs, and Philips.
1994
American government releases control of internet (ARPANET) and WWW is born - making communication at lightspeed.
1996
Digital satellite dishes that are only 18 inches in diameter hit the market. They become the biggest selling electronic item in history next to the VCR.
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24-bits and 96 kHz.
1997
Mini DV is introduced as a new, higher definition, digital recording format. Perfect copies can be made from them without losing any quality.
1999
A record company called SubPop is the first to distribute music tracks in the MP3 format.
Portable MP3 players appear.
2000
The year of the Digital Disc, aka DVD. After years of speculation, the DVD finally takes hold and
DVD movies are as common as those on VHS tape.
2001 Apple introduces the iPod.
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2002
Sony introduces the MicroMV Digital MPEG-2 tape based digital recorders. This system offers high resolution recorders small enough to fit in the palm of your hand. It records digitally onto a tiny tape with files small enough to be transferred to a PC within minutes. It also has the ability to record video that can be played directly over the internet.
2003
Skype is launched
Apple introduces iTunes store.
2006
Blu-Ray DVDs are released in the middle of the year.
Digital TVs surpass sales of analog TVs to dealers for the first time.
2009
Hi-Def is everywhere as all manufacturers release high definition TV's and monitors. Almost all sets now have the capability of displaying high resolution images. 1080p is considered the standard in the industry as the must have number of lines of resolution.
HDMI becomes the new connection standard.
2010
3D movies and 3D television sets arrive. Discovery Communications and Sony announce plans to launch 3D TV channels in US.
Sources
The AES -Audio Engineering Society http://www.infinitelymore.org/timeline-audio-video-technology-infographic/
The History of Communication About.com Inventors http://www.high-techproductions.com/historyoftelevision.htm
http://amplioaudio.blogspot.com/
14
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Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville –
Ernst W. Siemens –
Alexander G. Bell –
Thomas Edison –
Louise Lumiere –
Ernest W. Siemens –
Clement Ader –
Emile Berliner –
Guglielmo Marconi –
Valdemar Poulsen –
Edward Raymond Turner –
Lee DeForest –
Boris Rosing –
Major Edwin F. Armstrong –
Harold Arnold –
Albert Einstein –
John Logie Baird –
Joseph A. O’Neill –
Dr. Georg Neumann –
Harry Nyquist – sampling
Vladimir Zworykin –
Benjamin B. Bauer –
Dr. Claude Shannon’s –
Les Paul –
Walt Disney –
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce –
Robert Moog –
James Fergason –
Ted Turner –
Steve Jobs –
Earliest known recording
Moving coil transducers (Microphones and Speakers)
Telephone
Phonograph invents Cinematograph
Loudspeaker horn
Produces Stereo Effect
Gramophone
Radio Transmitter
Telegraphone. Magnetic Recordings with steel wire
Color film Process
Invents Triode Vacuum Tube
First Patent on Television System
Patented regenerative circuit (radio reception)
Set priorities for phonographic sound recording
Theorizes on Fiber Optics
Invents first working television system patents iron oxide-coated paper tape .
Invents condenser microphones publishes the mathematical foundation for audio
Cathode Ray tube
Cardioid Microphones
Mathematical Theory of Communication
Guitarist, Recording pioneer
Animation and multi plane camera
The Integrated Circuit
Moog synthesizers
Invented first use of LCD
Invents the superstation and cable broadcasting
CEO, Apple Computers
15
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FCC - Federal Communications Commission
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)
Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE)
Audio Engineering Society (AES)
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
Advanced Television Systems Committee
Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG)
National Association of Radio & Television Broadcasters
National Association of Broadcasters (NAB)
Digital HDTV Grand Alliance
BMI - Broadcast Music Incorporated
ASCAP - American Society of Authors Composers and Publishers
SESAC
Harry Fox Agency
A.C. Nielsen Co.
Arbitron
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16

The Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
Zenith Radio Corporation
General Electric
Bell Labs
The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
Japan Victor Corporation (JVC)
Sony Corporation
Disney
BASF
Shure Brothers
AMPEX Corporation
Phillips Corporation
Minnesota, Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M)
Columbia Records
Dolby Laboratories
Commodore Amiga Computer system
Apple Computers
IBM Computers
Microsoft
Sharp Electronics
Napster
1909 – Copyright Statute
1910 – Wireless Act of 1910
1927 – The Radio Act of 1927
1934 – Communications Act of 1934
1940 – Congressional “Report on Chain Broadcasting”
1948 – Freeze of 1948
1949 – FCC Adopts Fairness Doctrine
1971 – Sound Recording Amendment
1976 – Major Revisions to the Copyright Act
1984 – The Supreme Court “Betamax Case”
1984 – Cable Act
1992 – Audio Home Recording Act of 1992
1996 – Telecommunications Act of 1996
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17

1903 First regular transatlantic radio broadcast between U.S. and England
1921 KDKA and KQW began broadcasting
1928 First color TV broadcast in London (John Logic Baird)
1935 The Hindenburg Disaster
1936 First TV Broadcasts in London
1938 Orson Welles panics a nation with broadcast of " War of the Worlds "
1939 BMI (Broadcast Music Incorporated) formed
WRGB TV channel 6 in Schenectady-Alby-Troy, New York (CBS) 1 st broadcast
1948 Cable TV Broadcast Systems begin.
1952 First " Bandstand " broadcast in Philadelphia on WFIL-TV (Dick Clark joins in 1955 as a substitute-host)
1958 First radio broadcast from space (President Eisenhower: "To all mankind, America's wish for peace on Earth and good will to men everywhere")
1960 Presidential Debate, Kennedy vs Nixon
1963 President John F. Kennedy assassination
Martin Luther King’s “ I have a Dream ” speech
1976 WTBS Atlanta becomes a “Superstation”
1980 MTV and CNN Debut
1987 Fox network begins
1991 Persian Gulf War Coverage
The Video Tape Format Wars: Sony BETA vs JVC VHS
18
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The Early Years Highlights
1.
In 1877, Thomas Edison patents the medium.
2.
Also in 1877, Edward Muybridge invents pictures.
3.
In 1894, Louise Lumiere invents the
, which uses a wax cylinder as a recording
creating the first moving
, which allows projection of an image onto a wall.
4.
Valdemar Poulsen invents the first medium in 1898.
5.
Guglielmo Marconi transmits using magnetized steel tape as recording
from Cornwall to Newfoundland in 1901.
This is the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
6.
Thomas Edison demonstrated the first
NJ.
7.
The first commercial
8.
The
is made by KDKA Pittsburg, PA in 1921.
is invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin in 1923. This tube was used in the first television camera. He also invents the in 1929.
9.
In 1925, John Logie Baird transmits the first experimental
August 27 th , 1910 in West Orange,
used in televisions signal.
The Broadcast Years Highlights
10.
Joseph Begun invents the first magnetic for broadcasting in 1934.
11.
In 1935, the disaster was broadcast via radio.
12.
In 1938, Orson Welles panics a nation with broadcast of
13.
In 1940, Walt Disney releases stereophonic sound.
, the first film with eight-track
.
14.
devices.
are invented in 1948, enabling the miniaturization of electronic
15.
Also in 1948, the earliest cable systems are born. Originally known as
.
16.
Charles Ginsburg and a research team at tape recorder (VTR) in 1951. develop the first practical video
17.
TV broadcasting officially arrives in the U.S. on Dec. 17, 1953
18.
Les Paul makes the first using the "Sel-Sync" method in 1956.
19.
Also in 1956,
20.
In 1960, the first
is introduced by the Ampex Corp. between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon was broadcast.
21.
In 1963, audiences experienced TV coverage of both the
assassinations.
and
19
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22.
Public Broadcasting Service begins in 1969, and in November launches of the most influential achievements in children's TV.
, one
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20

Dawn of the Digital Age Highlights
23.
In 1969 - the first Internet - is started by the Government.
24.
The computer floppy disc and are invented in 1971.
25.
In 1971, the U.S. Congress declares sound recordings worthy of copyright protection and pass the
26.
In 1972 to the 1909 Copyright Statute. invents pay-TV services for cable systems.
27.
First nationwide programming - via satellite starts in 1976.
becomes a
, Atlanta,
" " to viewers in much of the U.S. via cable TV.
28.
" Apocalypse Now " became the first formal movie release in cinemas with three channels in
29.
the front and two in the rear. is born in 1978.
, a total sports network, makes its debut on cable in 1979.
30.
In 1980, Ted Turner's and are born.
31.
personal computer is released in 1984.
32.
In 1984, the Supreme Court hears the “ ” stating that recording TV shows for time shifting purposes does not constitute copyright infringement.
33.
The computer is launched in 1985. The first real multimedia computer with groundbreaking A/V facilities: 4096 color graphics, 4 channel 8-bit sound, and a proper pre-emptive multitasking OS. This is the birth of desktop video.
34.
In April 1987, 20th Century Fox owner Rupert Murdoch launches
.
35.
In 1988, the surpasses LP records in sales.
36.
American government releases control of internet (ARPANET) in 1994 and the born.
37.
A record company called SubPop is the first to distribute music tracks in the
38.
Apple introduces the
39.
format. Portable
In 2009,
players appear in 1999.
in 2001 followed by the in 2003.
is everywhere as all manufacturers release high definition TV's and is monitors.
40.
In 2010, 3D movies and 3D television sets arrive.
announce plans to launch 3D TV channels in US.
and
21
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The Early Years Highlights
1.
In 1877, Thomas Edison patents the phonograph , which uses a wax cylinder as a recording medium.
2.
Also in 1877, Edward Muybridge invents high-speed photography creating the first moving pictures.
3.
In 1894, Louise Lumiere invents the cinematograph , which allows projection of an image onto a wall.
4.
Valdemar Poulsen invents the first magnetic recordings using magnetized steel tape as recording medium in 1898.
5.
Guglielmo Marconi transmits radio signals from Cornwall to Newfoundland in 1901. This is the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
6.
Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture August 27
NJ th , 1910 West Orange,
7.
The first commercial AM radio broadcast is made by KDKA Pittsburg PA in 1921.
8.
The iconoscope is invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin in 1923. This tube was used in the first television camera. He also invents the cathode-ray tube used in Televisions in 1929.
9.
In 1925, John Logie Baird transmits the first experimental television signal.
The Broadcast Years Highlights
10.
Joseph Begun invents the first magnetic tape recorder for broadcasting in 1934.
11.
In 1935, The Hindenburg Disaster was broadcast via radio.
12.
In 1938, Orson Welles panics a nation with broadcast of " War of the Worlds "
13.
In 1940, Walt Disney releases " Fantasia ", the first film with eight-track stereophonic sound.
14.
Transistors are invented in 1948, enabling the miniaturization of electronic devices.
15.
Also in 1948, the earliest cable systems are born. Originally known as Community Antenna
Television .
16.
Charles Ginsburg and a research team at AMPEX develop the first practical video tape recorder
(VTR) in 1951.
17.
Color TV broadcasting officially arrives in the U.S. on Dec. 17, 1953.
18.
Les Paul makes the first 8-track audio recordings using the "Sel-Sync" method in 1956.
19.
Also in 1956, Videotape is introduced by Ampex Corp.
20.
In 1960, the first Presidential Debate between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon was broadcast.
21.
In 1963, audiences experienced TV coverage of both the John F Kennedy and Martin Luther
King, Jr.
assassinations.
22.
Public Broadcasting Service begins in 1969, and in November launches " Sesame Street ," one of the most influential achievements in children's TV.
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Dawn of the Digital Age Highlights
23.
In 1969 ARPANET , the first Internet, is started by the Government.
24.
The computer floppy disc and microprocessor are invented in 1971.
25.
In 1971, the U.S. Congress declares sound recordings worthy of copyright protection and pass the 1971 Sound Recording Amendment to the 1909 Copyright Statute.
26.
In 1972, HBO invents pay-TV services for cable systems.
27.
First nationwide programming - via satellite starts in 1976. Ted Turner’s WTBS , Atlanta, becomes a “ superstation " to viewers in much of the U.S. via cable TV.
28.
" Apocalypse Now " became the first formal movie release in cinemas with three channels in the front and two in the rear. Surround Sound is born in 1978
29.
ESPN , a total sports network, makes its debut on cable in 1979.
30.
In 1980, Ted Turner's Cable News Network (CNN) and MTV are born.
31.
Apple Macintosh personal computer is released in 1984.
32.
In 1984, The Supreme Court hears the “ Betamax Case ” stating that recording TV shows for time shifting purposes does not constitute copyright infringement.
33.
The Amiga 1000 computer is launched in 1985. The first real multimedia computer with groundbreaking A/V facilities: 4096 color graphics, 4 channel 8-bit sound, and a proper preemptive multitasking OS. This is the birth of desktop video.
34.
In April 1987, 20th Century Fox owner Rupert Murdoch launches Fox Broadcasting Company .
35.
In 1988, CDs surpasses LP records in sales.
36.
American government releases control of internet (ARPANET) in 1994 and the WWW is born.
37.
A record company called SubPop is the first to distribute music tracks in the MP3 format.
Portable MP3 players appear in 1999.
38.
Apple introduces the iPod in 2001 followed by the iTunes Store in 2003.
39.
In 2009, Hi-definition video is everywhere as all manufacturers release high definition TVs and monitors.
40.
In 2010, 3D movies and 3D television sets arrive. Discovery Communications and Sony announce plans to launch 3D TV channels in US.
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OBJECTIVE:
Students will create a digital timeline based on the History of Audio, Film and Video, Broadcast and
Associated Technologies above. Students will use a computer based timeline program or a presentation program to create their digital document. Students should research and become familiar with all the historical elements of their individual timeline. Students should be prepared to present and discuss their decisions and findings.
PROCEDURE :
You are to design a Digital AV Production Timeline that includes the following information:
The Early Years
6 – Events or inventions from The Early Years you believe significantly influenced the industry during the future Broadcast Years.
The Broadcast Years
6 – Events or inventions from The Broadcast Years you believe significantly influenced the industry during the future Dawn of the Digital Age.
Dawn of the Digital Age
6 – Events or inventions from The Dawn of The digital Age you believe significantly influenced the industry, as we know it today.
Include 3 – United States or World Events for reference, example; a World War, Revolution, Economic
Disruption or Natural Disaster. History does not happen in a bubble.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
• A Computer and access to the Internet is required.
Be as creative as possible! Use pictures to make your timeline more appealing! Site your sources where required and be mindful of copyrights.
TIME ALLOTTED:
Be ready to share your timeline with the rest of the class.
24
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Audience cannot understand presentation because there is no sequence of information
Student does not have grasp of information; student cannot answer questions about subject.
Student used no visuals.
Student's presentation had four or more spelling errors and/or grammatical errors.
Student mumbles, incorrectly pronounces terms, and speaks too quietly for students in the back of class to hear.
Audience has difficulty following presentation because student jumps around
Student is uncomfortable with information and is able to answer only rudimentary questions.
Student occasional used visuals that rarely support text and presentation
Student presents information in logical sequence which audience can follow.
Student is at ease with content, but fails to elaborate.
Visuals related to text and presentation
Presentation had three misspellings and/or grammatical errors.
Presentation has no more than two misspellings and/or grammatical errors.
Student incorrectly pronounces terms. Audience members have difficulty hearing presentation.
Student's voice is clear. Student pronounces most words correctly.
Presentation has no misspellings or grammatical errors.
Student used a clear voice and correct, precise pronunciation of terms.
Student presents information in logical, interesting sequence which audience can follow.
Student demonstrates full knowledge (more than required) with explanations and elaboration.
Student used visuals to reinforce screen text and presentation.
25
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OBJECTIVE:
Create a 3-5 minute documentary video on a specific person, invention, organization, company, legislative action, or historical event that has had an impact on the Audio, Film and Video, and
Broadcast industry of today. Students should choose a topic that interests them specifically. For example, a student interested in audio might pick an audio-related topic, e.g. Les Pauls’ first 8 track recording.
PROCEDURE:
Students will create a 3-5 minute documentary on one of the following; (select only one)
• An Historical Person – How they or their invention(s) contributed to the industry
• An Historical Organization – Show the organization’s influence on the industry
• An Historical Company - How the Company or their invention(s) contributed to the industry
• Historic Legislation – Show how government has influenced the industry
• An Historical Event – Show how the events influenced or impacted the industry
Video should be documentary-style in format. It should contain;
• An opening and closing title sequence.
• Music beds and sound effects as required.
• Visual effects and transitions used appropriately.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
• A Computer and access to the Internet is required. Video Editing and Voice-Over Software is required.
Be as creative as possible! Site your sources where required and be mindful of copyrights.
TIME ALLOTTED:
26
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Content & Organization
Is your project organized and documented?
Usefulness
Does your video stay focused on an informative topic?
Does it promote the use of technology to inform the audience about the topic?
Beginning
1 – 12
Not organized. Difficult to follow. Poor quality shows poor effort.
Project’s usefulness is in question. Does not inform; does not stay focused on the topic.
Developing
13 - 24
Portions may be poorly documented and/or organized. Hard to follow the progressions of the story. Explanation shows some effort.
Project demonstrated development of computer technology; has problems staying focused on topic.
Accomplished
25 - 37
Fairly well documented and organized. Format is easy to follow. Good explanation shows good effort.
Project is focused and informative; promotes the use of computer technology to create the video to deliver information.
Distinguished
38 - 50
Program shows a continuous progression of ideas and tells a complete, easily followed story. Well documented and organized. Excellent, well thought out explanation shows superior effort.
Project is focused and very informative; promotes the use of computer technology to create the video and makes others want to use the same type of format in delivering information to an audience.
Creativity &
Elements of Design
Is your video interesting? Did your choice of elements such as film clips, pictures, backgrounds, and transitions enhance the project?
Use of elements detracts from video. Too many or too gaudy graphics; transitions, too many clips, backgrounds and/or sounds detract from content.
Pictures or video clips may be out of focus or “shaky”.
Minimal use of design elements. No transitions.
Sound is lacking or inappropriate or scratchy.
Some pictures or video clips may be out of focus or
“shaky”.
Good use of graphics and/or other design elements. Some transitions are inappropriately placed. Sound quality is OK.
Video clips or pictures are clear and in focus.
Excellent sense of design.
Effective camera techniques used for the video and pictures. Video and pictures are I focus and of good quality. Smooth transitions are appropriate and aid in delivery of the presentation.
Mechanics
Did you check your grammar and usage? Have you correctly documented sources and obeyed copyright rules?
Includes five or mare grammatical errors, misspellings, punctuation errors; sources are not documented.
Oral Presentations Skills – Did you respond to the questions by the students and instructor with ease?
Great difficulty communicating ideas. Poor voice projection; no eye contact; no introduction; mispronounced words; stopped or had long pauses; confused.
Includes 3 – 4 grammatical errors, misspellings, punctuation errors; some sources are documented but not correctly.
Some difficulty communicating ideas. Poor voice projections; some eye contact; no introduction; mispronounced a few words; long pauses; somewhat confused.
Includes 2 – 3 grammatical errors, misspellings, punctuation errors; sources are documented and correctly and copyright law has been followed.
Fairly fluid delivery.
Communicates ideas with proper voice projection; perhaps one mispronounced work; made eye contact; introduced self and project.
Respond to questions.
Grammar, spelling, punctuation, capitalization are correct; sources are documented correctly and copyright law has been followed.
Well-rehearsed. Voice, eye contact and pacing hold interest and attentions of audience; introduced self and project. Responded easily to questions.
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