SWOT ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDED
POLICIES AND STRATEGIES OF ERITREAN
FISHERIES
Tesfom M A, Fisheries Economics, M.F.Sc Student
M Krishnan, PhD and Head FEES Division
Venugopalan, R. PhD Agricultural Statistics
The Seventeenth International Institute of Fisheries Economics &
Trade 2014 Conference: Towards Ecosystem Based Management o
Fisheries: What Role can Economics Play.
7-11 July, 2014, Brisbane, Australia
“Your availability is
important than your ability”
Outline
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Introduction
Eritrean marine and coastal
features
Resource potential of Eritrean marine fisheries
Inland fish and marine fish production
CGR of marine fish production
Performance of marine fish production in Eritrea
SWOT analysis of Eritrean fisheries
Future research areas
Conclusion and recommendation
INTRODUCTION
Eritrea is situated at the horn of Africa
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Nationally Eritrea is food insecure with the
agricultural sector producing only 60% of food
requirements
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However, Eritrea possesses abundant and
underexploited fish stocks
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Which could considerably contribute to national
food security and reduce the incidence of poverty
Eritrean Marine and Coastal
Features
Country coastline
3300 km
Mainland Coastline
1350 km
1950 km
354
124,000 km2
55,000 km2
120,000 km2
44,000 km2
Islands Coastline
Islands and islets
Country Area
Territorial waters area
Exclusive Economic Zone
Watersheds linked with the coast
Resource potential of Eritrean marine fisheries
Resource
MSY(tons/year)
Soft bottom demersal
18,000
Small pelagics
50,000
Reef based demersal
5,000
Large pelagics
5,000
Crustaceans
1,000
Sharks
5,000
Sea cucumbers
1,000
Others
1,000
Total MSY
86,000
Species of fish
Around 1,000
Coral reefs
220 known species
Generate income
US$ 37.5 – 55 million
Inland Fisheries
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Reservoirs built in the high and lowlands of the
country (37 No.)
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For irrigation and supply of drinking water
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Species stocked or considered good candidates for
further stocking include Oreochromis niloticus,
Tilapia zilli, Cyprinus caprio, Carassius carassius
and Carassius auratus.
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The total catch of inland fisheries recorded about 5
tons per year in 2002
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Inland fisheries produces only 5% of the estimated
potential
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
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Sixty years data (1950-2009) on marine fish production
was collected from Sea Around Us Project website1.
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In this study, the compound growth rate and Coppock
instability index (CII)
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the study also used the compound growth rate and
performance analysis of the fish production as preinvestigative tools to develop the SWOT analysis.
Coppock Instability Index (CII)
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Thus, using the statistical measures of CGR and CII the
growth and performance are examined.
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Performance refers to the tradeoff of growth and instability
of fish production.
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Where high growth-low instability refers to high performance
(desirable)
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Low growth-high instability indicates low performance
(undesirable).
Performance categorization based on CGR/
instability tradeoffs
CGR/II tradeoff types
1. High growth-low II (low risk) Performance
Most desirable
situation
2. High growth-high II (high risk) Less desirable
situation
3. Low growth-low II (low risk) Least desirable
situation
4. Low growth-high II (high risk) Least desirable
situation
Reddy and Mishra (2006):
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Then SWOT analysis has been used for deriving the
reasons for the poor exploitation of the fisheries
resources of Eritrea.
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The factors identified are used to formulate and
recommend suitable policies and strategies for
development and proper exploitation of the Eritrean
fisheries sector.
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
Performance of marine fish production in Eritrea
Table I: Decadal and overall growth rate, CII and
performance of Eritrean marine fish production (per cent)
Year
1950-1959
1960-1969
1970-1979
1950-1979
1980-1989
1990-1999
2000-2009
1980-2009
1950-2009
CGR
12.69
8.17
-50.40
-6.86
14.06
27.58
-17.46
11.30
-1.92
CII
103
72
339
98
180
142
95
99
3
Performance
most desirable
most desirable
least desirable
less desirable
most desirable
most desirable
less desirable
most desirable
less desirable
Marine Fish Production
-Artisanal
-Fleet composition
-Level of
motorization
- Rehabilitation
-MMR formation
-relative stability
-prolonged war
-Fleet destruction
- displacement of
fishers
-border conflict
-input scarcity &
price spikes
-unstable political
situation
Matrix on growth and performance of marine fish
production in Eritrea
Eritrea: CGR vs. CII 40 Most desirable situation
30 Less desirable situation
27.58 20 10 0 CGR 14.06 12.69 11.3 8.17 -­‐1.92 -­‐10 -­‐6.86 -­‐17.46 -­‐20 -­‐30 -­‐40 Less desirable situation
Least desirable situation
-­‐50 -­‐50.4 -­‐60 0 50 100 150 200 CII 250 300 350 400 Thus …
Improve
growth rate
in a sustainable
manner.
Eritrea
Type 3 (LCGR/HII)
CGR-II tradeoff- less
desirable
SWOT analysis of Eritrean fisheries
Strengths
1. High resource potential
2. Healthy and unpolluted sea
3. Management plans cover for most of the fisheries
4. Untapped inland fisheries resources
5. Separate Ministry of Marine Resources
6. Untapped offshore and deep sea resources
Opportunities
1. Strategic location and access to important regional and
international markets
2. Rising demand for fish consumption and exports
3. Expanding global fisheries market
4. Potential for food security and reducing poverty
5. Source of foreign exchange and investment
6. Source of income and employment
7. Tourism
Weaknesses
1.  Poor institutional capacity
2.  Shortage of technical manpower and expertise
3.  Inadequate infrastructure
4.  Monopsonic fish marketing
5.  Limited financial and technical investment capital
6.  Use of Outdated and dilapidated traditional fishing craft
7.  Low participation of NGOs
8.  Illegal cross border trade
9.  Fuel shortages and exorbitant fuel prices
10. Insufficient management system
11. Lack of value addition
12. Lack of sufficient management research
Threats
1. Drought prone Sub-Saharan region
2. border conflicts
3. Political instability
4. Climate changes impacts
5. IUU Fishing by foreign vessels Future research areas
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Eritrean fisheries sector is operating at less than optimum level.
Therefore, there is the need for strengthening the overall support
1. Regular stock assessment surveys
2. Investigating existing marketing channels, marketing margins and
price spread
3. Studies on integrating native and traditional knowledge with
mechanized fisheries
4. Re-organization of the fishing sector with a top-down approach.
SHGs, cooperatives and producer companies need to be looked into
5. Studies on contribution of the fisheries sector to the national GDP
-to develop new strategies and re-orient existing ones.
6. Studies on inland fisheries sector related to production,
marketing, financing and development for proper development of
sector
Conclusion and recommendation
TQM Systems
GPS and satellite
equipment
Adequate financial
& technical
investment
EBFM
Facilitating
Improved Marketing
Marine & inland
fisheries
Training and
extension
Fisheries
Development
Model
Infrastructure Development
& Improving fishing
efficiency
Institutional
building
Scientific
Research and HRD
Conclusion and recommendation
TQM Systems
GPS and satellite
equipment
Adequate financial
& technical
investment
EBFM
Facilitating
Improved Marketing
Marine & inland
fisheries
Training and
extension
Fisheries
Development
Model
Infrastructure Development
& Improving fishing
efficiency
Institutional
building
Scientific
Research and HRD
Ecosystem based fisheries management
Conclusion and recommendation
TQM Systems
GPS and satellite
equipment
Adequate financial
& technical
investment
Facilitating
Improved Marketing
Training and
extension
EBFM
Marine & inland
fisheries
Fisheries
Development
Model
Infrastructure Development
& Improving fishing
efficiency
Institutional
building
Scientific Research
and HRD
Fisheries cooperative
societies and SHGs
Fisheries cooperative societies and SHGs
Bargaining power and competitive edge in fish
marketing
Strengthening
Fisheries
Cooperative
Societies &
SHGs
Mobilises and cooerdinates fishers
Helps implementation of strategies/policies
Channel for effective credit schemes