What is the most likely explanation for the “apparent regularity of growth” in international trade
over the past 200 years?
What are the two critical assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?
What are the two critical implications of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?
What are two historical patterns of trade predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin model?
What was Leontief’s Paradox?
What were two of the proposed solutions for Leontief’s Paradox?
What was the critical assumption underlying Leontief’s Paradox?
What were two of the big innovations in testing the Heckscher-Ohlin model?
Based on effective factor endowments, what factors is Canada relatively abundant in?
What is the sign test?
What is one way in which Trefler is able to improve the predictive power of the HO model?
What does the term “missing trade” refer to?
What drove the pre-WWI trade boom?
What drove the post-WWI trade bust?
What drove the post-WWII trade boom?
Before WWI, what was the division of British investment across regions?
What is foreign direct investment?
What are two reasons why international financial flows were reduced in the interwar period?
What are some examples of indirect capital controls?
In 2014, roughly what was the level of cross-border capital in terms of world GDP?
In 2014, what percentage of world exports was accounted for by the exports of MNEs’ affiliates?
How has the composition of international capital flows changed in the past 140 years?
In what year did the wealth bias of international capital flows peak?
What are the benefits of liberalizing the capital account?
What are the two critical features of the production function in the neoclassical growth model?
What are the two assumptions on the production function in the neoclassical growth model?
What governs the accumulation of capital per effective worker in the neoclassical growth model?
In a neoclassical growth model, what should capital account liberalization lead to?
What are the costs of liberalizing the capital account?
Why is a currency crisis likely to hurt developing and not developed countries?
Roughly, what percentage of countries presently have a purely floating exchange rate regime?
Why might a fixed exchange rate boost trade and investment between two countries?
Why might fixed exchange rates be endogenous in the gravity model?
According to the trilemma view, what are the options available to policy makers?
What arbitrage condition reflects international capital mobility in the trilemma framework?
What are the policy options available to countries which are consistent with the trilemma?
What are the costs of a fixed exchange rate regime?
What explains the rise of the gold standard?
In what ways was the pre-WWI gold standard a decentralized system?
What does the price-specie flow mechanism say would happen with a trade surplus?
What explains the return of the gold standard after WWI?
What explains the fall of the gold standard after WWI?
What were the two main features of the Bretton Woods System?
What explains the fall of the Bretton Woods System?
What explains the decline of floating exchange rate regimes in the present day?
What differentiates the trans-Atlantic slave trade from the slave trade linking East Africa and the
Middle East?
What explains the rise from the 1500s in the number of slaves shipped across the Atlantic?
What explains the large proportion of slave flows into Brazil and the Caribbean?
Why were voluntary flows from Europe to the New World so low until the 19th Century?
What explains the decline in freight and passenger rates in the 19th Century?
What explains the explosion of voluntary immigration from Europe in the 19th Century?
What explains the explosion of voluntary immigration from China and India in the 19th Century?
What were the principal destinations of immigrants from China and India respectively?
How was immigration from China and India different from that out of Europe?
What explains the rise of Asian immigration in the 19th Century?
What explains the fall of Asian immigration in the 19th Century?
Why did it take so long for restrictions to be put on immigration in the early 20th Century?
When did mass migration effectively end?
What explains the low level of foreign born residents in the 1950/60s?
When did mass migration effectively re-emerge as a phenomena?
What are some potential future interpretations of the global financial crisis of 2007/8?
Historically, what are the two principal actors in financial crises?
What decades have seen the peaks in sovereign external default?
What are the prime generators of these waves of default?
What are the two benefits to governments of inflationary monetary policy?
What decades have seen the peaks in domestic default?
What decades have seen the longest lull in banking crises?
What underlying demand explains the existence of banks?
What does the term maturity mismatch refer to?
What are the two requirements for a stable banking system?
What are the two possible actions available to agents in world of bank runs?
What are the two means of resolving the indeterminacy of equilibria in the case of bank runs?
What are the two institutions which evolved in North America to deal with these problems?
What are the two dangerous prospects facing the global economy as of the present?
What are the potential work-outs for the deleveraging process unfolding in the present?