Hurricane Ike Timber Damage Assessment
Texas Forest Service
17 September 2008
Hurricane Ike made landfall on Saturday, 13 September 2008, at 2:10 am CDT as a
Category 2 storm with 105 mph winds on Galveston Island. Ike made his way up
through East Texas into Northeast Texas, then the storm continued through Arkansas and
well beyond. Damage from the storm was evident throughout much of East Texas, with
Liberty County in Southeast Texas sustaining the worst timber damage. On 15
September, Texas Forest Service began to implement a rapid Timber Damage
Assessment.
Two Texas Forest Service foresters conducted an aerial survey of the impacted area on
Monday, 15 September. The aerial survey refined the damage boundaries that were
projected by Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service on a potential
damage map, which was produced on 14 September based on wind and rainfall data.
Thirteen East Texas counties were surveyed aerially.
Refining the estimated damage zone boundaries led to the creation of the Timber Damage
Assessment map, shown in Figure 1. This map shows three zones of severity:
•
•
•
Scattered Light – approximately 3 percent of timber stands damaged or affected
Light – approximately 5 percent of timber stands damaged and 5 to 10 percent
affected
Moderate – approximately 15 to 25 percent of timber stands damaged and 20 to
30 percent affected
Damaged includes trees that are uprooted, snapped off, leaning more than 45 degrees, or
otherwise are likely to die within 12 months and thus will need to be salvaged. Affected
includes trees that are leaning less than 45 degrees, have lost only part of their crown,
have only a loss of foliage, or otherwise are not likely to die. However, future growth of
affected trees will likely be impaired, and these trees will likely be more susceptible to
insects and disease.
Seven Texas Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) field crews collected
ground-truthing data on 275 plots in the Light and Moderate zones on 15 – 17 September.
Field crews collected the following data:
•
•
•
•
•
•
forest type
percent of pine damaged
percent of hardwood damaged
percent of pine affected
percent of hardwood affected
average stand diameter
The percentages of pine and hardwood damaged and affected as collected by the FIA
crews are shown in Table 1. On September 17, this data was applied to the 2007 Texas
FIA plot data in each damage zone to produce Tables 2 – 6.
Total volume of timber damaged and affected was estimated to be 612 million cubic feet
for a total stumpage value of $351 million. Total damaged and affected acres were
473,000 acres. For perspective, East Texas contains more than 17 billion cubic feet of
growing stock timber in 43 counties. Total damaged and affected volume by Hurricane
Ike was about nearly 4 percent of the total East Texas growing stock.
Total timber volume damaged by Hurricane Ike was 289 million cubic feet worth
approximately $167 million. This timber damage occurred over 235,000 acres. Total
timber volume affected was 323 million cubic feet worth approximately $184 million.
This timber affected occurred over 238,000 acres.
Total poletimber damage was 0.60 million cords, while sawtimber damage was 1.1
billion board feet. Total poletimber affected was 0.64 million cords, while sawtimber
affected was 1.2 billion board feet. For perspective, one billion board feet is enough to
frame over 60,000 homes two-thousand square feet in size.
Sawtimber-size trees are at least 9.0 inches in diameter at breast height (4.5 feet above
the ground) for pine and at least 11.0 inches in diameter for hardwood. Poletimber-size
trees are at least 5.0 inches in diameter, but smaller than sawtimber size.
Texas Forest Service coordinated with USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station
FIA Unit to ensure methods and procedures were based on the best science available to
produce the timber damage estimates. Questions about the Timber Damage Assessment
should be directed to:
Texas Forest Service
Sustainable Forestry and Economic Development
301 Tarrow, Suite 364
College Station, TX 77840-7896
(979) 458-6630
bcarraway@tfs.tamu.edu
This report can also be downloaded from the Texas Forest Service web site at
http://texasforestservice.tamu.edu/. Texas Forest Service is a Member of The Texas
A&M University System.
Figure 1. Hurricane Ike Timber Damage Zones
Table 1. Hurricane Ike Timber Damage Percents
Zone
2 (Light)
3 (Moderate)
Forest Type
Hardwood
Mixed
Pine
Hardwood
Mixed
Pine
Pine
Damaged (%)
4.9
4.1
3.3
14.0
23.1
22.0
Affected (%)
7.3
6.3
4.8
30.4
24.9
14.5
Hardwood
Damaged (%)
Affected (%)
13.0
8.7
6.3
9.0
3.8
6.9
19.4
27.1
21.3
30.8
49.6
16.2
Table 2. Hurricane Ike Timber Damage Volume
Forest Type
Species
Pine
Pine
Hardwood
All
Mixed
Pine
Hardwood
All
Hardwood
Pine
Hardwood
All
All
Pine
Hardwood
All
Total Damaged
Pole Timber
Sawtimber
(Million Cubic Feet)
99.2
16.8
116.0
9.9
14.1
24.0
11.2
137.8
149.0
120.3
168.7
289.1
(1,000 Cord)
199.4
87.7
287.1
12.1
28.1
40.2
11.2
259.5
270.7
222.7
375.2
597.9
(Million Board Feet)
384.9
25.5
410.4
46.1
48.5
94.6
52.7
522.2
575.0
483.7
596.2
1,079.9
Total Affected
Pole Timber
Sawtimber
(Million Cubic Feet)
126.1
21.0
147.1
13.8
20.1
34.0
20.6
120.8
141.4
160.5
161.9
322.5
(1,000 Cord)
238.9
90.5
329.4
17.1
40.3
57.3
20.0
232.4
252.4
275.9
363.1
639.1
(Million Board Feet)
507.1
42.8
549.9
63.7
69.4
133.2
98.5
455.0
553.6
669.3
567.2
1,236.6
Table 3. Hurricane Ike Timber Damage Value
Value
Pine
Hardwood
All
Damaged
Total
Pole Timber
Sawtimber
Total
(Million $)
(Million $)
(Million $)
(Million $)
58.2 4.0 54.2 79.9
108.8 4.4 104.4 103.6
167.0 8.4 158.6 183.5
Affected
Pole Timber
Sawtimber
(Million $)
(Million $)
5.0 74.9
4.3 99.3
9.3 174.3
Table 4. Hurricane Ike Timber Damage by Zone
Zone
1 (Scattered Light)
2 (Light)
3 (Moderate)
All
Forest Type
Pine
Mixed
Hardwood
All
Pine
Mixed
Hardwood
All
Pine
Mixed
Hardwood
All
Pine
Mixed
Hardwood
All
Total Timberland Damaged Timberland Affected Timberland Area
Area
Area
(1,000 acres)
1,452.7
412.3
1,433.3
3,298.3
1,548.8
276.5
703.4
2,528.7
82.9
38.8
198.6
320.3
3,084.3
727.6
2,335.4
6,147.3
(1,000 acres)
51.9
14.5
84.3
150.7
38.6
8.6
36.7
83.9
90.5
23.2
121.0
234.7
(1,000 acres)
77.8
21.4
60.0
159.1
13.3
10.7
54.9
78.9
91.1
32.1
114.9
238.0
Note: figures for damaged and affected timberland area are assuming 100% damaged or affected.
Zone 1 incured scattered light damage less than 5% and its damage figures are not estimated.
Total Volume
Damaged Volume
Affected Volume
(million CF)
(million CF)
(million CF)
2,586.8
350.5
868.7
3,806.0
117.0
25.0
243.4
385.4
2,703.8
375.5
1,112.2
4,191.4
86.7
18.4
104.1
209.2
29.3
5.6
45.0
79.8
116.0
24.0
149.0
289.1
129.9
27.1
74.0
231.0
17.2
6.9
67.3
91.4
147.1
34.0
141.4
322.5
Table 5. Hurricane Ike Timber Damage by County
County
Angelina
Chambers
Cherokee
Hardin
Harris
Houston
Jasper
Jefferson
Liberty
Montgomery
Newton
Orange
g
Polk
San Jacinto
Trinity
Tyler
Walker
Total
Area (1,000 Acres)
Damaged
Affected
10.9 11.1
0.3 0.4
0.8 0.8
31.3 32.2
2.5 3.4
10.8 10.5
10.0 9.8
1.8 2.3
68.3 62.7
10.7 11.0
1.9 1.7
4.1 3.8
25.2 27.1
15.8 16.0
12.8 15.2
21.7 24.1
5.8 6.1
234.7 238.0
Volume (Million Cubic Feet)
Damaged
Affected
20.3 20.8
0.1 0.1
1.1 0.9
35.8 39.9
2.9 4.5
15.5 18.1
14.3 12.8
0.7 0.6
66.4 73.6
13.4 15.0
0.6 0.6
2.4 2.8
28.8 34.3
25.9 28.1
24.4 29.6
28.0 31.3
8.3 9.6
289.1 322.5
Table 6. Hurricane Ike Timber Damage by Ownership
Area (1,000 Acres)
Ownership
Public
Private
Total
Damaged
Volume (Million Cubic Feet)
Affected
12.8 17.9
221.9 220.1
234.7 238.0
Damaged
Affected
34.1 47.9
255.0 274.6
289.1 322.5