Organization of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence 1994 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94) Conference Chair William Swartout, USC/Information Sciences Institute Program Cochairs Barbara Hayes-Roth, Stanford University Richard E. Korf, University of California, Los Angeles Associate Chair Howard E. Shrobe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Challenge Committee Chair Thomas L. Dean, Brown University Art Exhibition Chair Joseph Bates, Carnegie Mellon University Machine Translation Showcase Committee Jaime Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University Bonnie Dorr, University of Maryland Eduard Hovy, University of Southern California Robot Competition and Exhibition Chair Reid Simmons, Carnegie Mellon University Robot Laboratory Chair Willie Lim, Lehman Brothers Student Abstract Program Chair Kristian Hammond, University of Chicago Tutorial Program Chair Devika Subramanian, Cornell University Tutorial Program Cochair Philip Klahr, Inference Corporation Video Program Cochairs John E. Laird, University of Michigan Elliot Soloway, University of Michigan Workshop Program Chair Donald Perlis, University of Maryland Program Committee David W. Aha, Naval Research Laboratory Bradley P. Allen, Inference Corporation Richard Alterman, Brandeis University Kevin D. Ashley, University of Pittsburgh Christer Bäckström, Linköping University Joseph Bates, Carnegie Mellon University x Richard K. Belew, University of California, San Diego William P. Birmingham, University of Michigan Mark Boddy, Honeywell Systems & Research Center Peter Bonasso, The MITRE Corporation Craig Boutilier, University of British Columbia Hans Brunner, US West Advanced Technologies Sandra Carberry, University of Pennsylvania B. Chandrasekaran, Ohio State University & Stanford University Eugene Charniak, Brown University Susan Conry, Clarkson University James Crawford, CIRL Roger B. Dannenberg, Carnegie Mellon University Adnan Darwiche, Rockwell International Science Center Henry Davis, Wright State University Luc De Raedt, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Thomas L. Dean, Brown University Rina Dechter, University of California, Irvine Johan De Kleer, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Nachum Dershowitz, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign Oskar Dressler, Siemens AG Mark Drummond, Recom Technologies & NASA Ames Research Center Edmund Durfee, University of Michigan Clark Elliott, DePaul University & Northwestern University Susan Epstein, CUNY Hunter College New York Oren Etzioni, University of Washington Matthew Evett, Florida Atlantic University Brian Falkenhainer, Xerox Design Practice & Technology Adam Farquhar, Stanford University James R. Firby, University of Chicago Douglas Fisher, Vanderbilt University Kenneth Forbus, Northwestern University/Institute for the Learning Sciences Peter Friedland, NASA Ames Research Center William A. Gale, AT&T Bell Laboratories Erann Gat, JPL/California Institute of Technology James Geller, New Jersey Institute of Technology Matthew Ginsberg, University of Oregon Piotr Gmytrasiewicz, University of California, Riverside Andrew Golding, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Moises Goldszmidt, Rockwell International Science Center Georg Gottlob, Technische Universität Wien John J. Grefenstette, Naval Research Laboratory Adam J. Grove, NEC Research Institute Joseph Halpern, IBM Almaden Research Center Steve Hanks, University of Washington Othar Hansson, Heuristicrats Research Inc. & University of California, Berkeley James A. Hendler, University of Maryland Ian Horswill, Massachusett Institute of Technology & AI Laboratory Eric Horvitz, Microsoft Research Douglas J. Howe, AT&T Bell Laboratories Michael N. Huhns, MCC AI Laboratory Seth Hutchinson, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign Chung Hee Hwang, University of Rochester Yumi Iwasaki, Stanford University Randolph Jones, University of Michigan Leo Joskowicz, IBM TJ Watson Research Center Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Brown University Avi Kak, Purdue University Peter D. Karp, SRI International Simon Kasif, Johns Hopkins University Henry A. Kautz, AT&T Bell Laboratories Richard M. Keller, NASA Ames Research Center Hiroaki Kitano, Sony Computer Science Laboratory Georg Klinker, Digital Equipment Corporation Daphne Koller, University of California, Berkeley Janet Kolodner, Georgia Institute of Technology Kurt Konolige, SRI International John R. Koza, Stanford University Benjamin Kuipers, University of Texas at Austin John Laird, University of Michigan Gerhard Lakemeyer, University of Bonn Amy Lansky, NASA Ames Research Center David Leake, Indiana University Wendy G. Lehnert, University of Massachusetts Alon Levy, AT&T Bell Laboratories Long-Ji Lin, Siemens Corp Research Inc Marc Linster, Digital Equipment Corporation Diane Litman, AT&T Bell Laboratories Sridhar Mahadevan, University of South Florida V.W. Marek, University of Kentucky Matthew T. Mason, Carnegie Mellon University David McAllester, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/AI Laboratory Kathleen McCoy, University of Delaware John McDermott, Digital Equipment Corporation Sheila McIlraith, University of Toronto David Miller, The MITRE Corporation Steve Minton, NASA Ames Research Center Thomas Mitchell, Carnegie Mellon University Andrew Moore, Carnegie Mellon University Mark A. Musen, Stanford University Karen L. Myers, SRI International Dana S. Nau, University of Maryland P. Pandurang Nayak, NASA Ames Research Center Nils Nilsson, Stanford University Martha Palmer, University of Pennsylvania Judea Pearl, University of California, Los Angeles Fernando Pereira, AT&T Bell Laboratories Dean Pomerleau, Carnegie Mellon University Jean Ponce, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign David Poole, University of British Columbia Gregory Provan, Institute for Decisions Systems Research Teodor Przymusinski, University of California, Riverside Abhiram Ranade, University of California, Berkeley Edwina L. Rissland, University of Massachusetts Enrique Ruspini, SRI International Stuart Russell, University of California, Berkeley Jeffrey Schlimmer, Washington State University Guus Schreiber, University of Amsterdam Hinrich Schutze, Stanford University Bart Selman, AT&T Bell Laboratories Jude Shavlik, University of Wisconsin Mark Shirley, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Yoav Shoham, Stanford University Reid Simmons, Carnegie Mellon University Munindar P. Singh, MCC David E. Smith, Rockwell International Wayne Snyder, Boston University Lynn Andrea Stein, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & AI Laboratory Mark E. Stickel, SRI International David G. Stork, Ricoh California Research Center Rudi Studer, Universität Karlsruhe Devika Subramanian, Cornell University Richard Sutton, GTE Laboratories Inc. William Swartout, USC/Information Sciences Institute Katia Sycara, Carnegie Mellon University Prasad Tadepalli, Oregon State University Austin Tate, University of Edinburgh Gerry Tesauro, IBM Watson Research Laboratories Richmond Thomason, University of Pittsburgh Charles Thorpe, Carnegie Mellon University David Throop, Boeing Missiles & Space Paul Utgoff, University of Massachusetts Peter van Beek, University of Alberta Pascal Van Hentenryck, Brown University Manuela Veloso, Carnegie Mellon University David L. Waltz, NEC Research Institute, Inc. Bonnie L. Webber, University of Pennsylvania David E. Wilkins, SRI International Randall Wilson, Sandia National Laboratories Kent Wittenburg, Bell Communications Research Gregg Yost, Digital Equipment Corporation Hantao Zhang, University of Iowa Shlomo Zilberstein, University of Massachusetts Auxiliary Reviewers Jürgen Angele, University of Karlsruhe John Ash, Washington State University Andrew Baker, University of Oregon Anthony Barret, University of Washington Howard Beck, AIAI, University of Edinburgh Maria-Paola Bonacina, University of Iowa Piero Bonatti, University of Technology Vienna Claudia Boettcher, Fraunhofer Institute, Karlsruhe Ronen Brafman, Stanford University Gerhard Brewka, GMD (Germany) Maurice Bruynooghe, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven xi Joanna Bryson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AI Laboratory Steven V. Chenoweth, AT&T Global Information Solutions Lonnie Chrisman, Carnegie Mellon University Paul Dagum, Rockwell Science Center Keith S. Decker, University of Massachusetts Alvaro Del Val, Stanford University Marie des Jardins, SRI International Christy Doran, University of Pennsylvania Georg Dorffner, Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence Brian Drabble, University of Edinburgh, AIAI Tim Duncan, University of Edinburgh, AIAI Thomas Eiter, University of Technology Vienna Werner Emde, GMD (Germany) Reinhard Enders, Siemens AG Henrik Eriksson, Stanford University David Etherington, AT&T Bell Laboratories Dieter Fensel, University of Karlsruhe Eugene Fink, Carnegie Mellon University Hartmut Freitag, Siemens AG Nir Friedman, Stanford University Mitch Garnaat, Xerox Corporation John H. Gennari, Stanford University Keith Golden, University of Washington Richard Goodwin, Carnegie Mellon University Lloyd Greenwald, Brown University Narendra K. Gupta, Siemens Corporate Research Inc. Leonard Hermens, Washington State University William Hill, Bellcore John Josephson, Ohio State University Herbert Kay, University of Texas Jak Kirman, Brown University Adrian Klein, Stanford University Kevin Knight, USC/Information Sciences Institute Sven Koenig, Carnegie Mellon University Philip D. Laird, NASA Ames Research Center Dieter Landes, University of Karlsruhe Neal Lesh, University of Washington Shieu-Hong Lin, Brown University Christopher Lynch, Northeastern University Daniel P. Miranker, University of Texas Michael Montag, Siemens AG Dimitri Naidich, University of Iowa Susanne Neubert, University of Karlsruhe Ann Nicholson, Brown University Klaus Noekel, Siemens AG Ron Parr, UC Berkeley Peter Patel-Schneider, AT&T Bell Laboratories Barak Pearlmutter, Siemens Corporate Research Inc Scott Penberthy, University of Washington Mark Peot, Stanford University Lance Ramshaw, Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Alan Rector, University of Manchester Elisha Sacks, Princeton University Kate Sanders, Brown University Klaus Schild, German Research Center for AI (DFKI) Franz Schmalhofer, German Research Center for AI (DFKI) xii Robert Schrag, University of Texas Grigori Schwarz, Stanford University Richard Segal, University of Washington Naveen Sharma, Xerox Corporation B. Srinivas, University of Pennsylvania Jussi Stader, AIAI, University of Edinburgh Markus Stumptner, University of Technology Vienna Milind Tambe, USC/Information Sciences Institute Gabriel Taubin, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Peter Terpstra, University of Amsterdam Samson W. Tu, Stanford University Tomas E. Uribe, Stanford University Gertjan van Heijst, University of Amsterdam Maarten van Someren, University of Amsterdam Henk Vandecasteele, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Patricia Wells, Washington State University Monika Zickwolff, University of Darmstadt AAAI Officials President Barbara Grosz, Harvard University President-Elect Randall Davis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Past President Patrick J. Hayes, University of Illinois Secretary-Treasurer Norman R. Nielsen, SRI International Councilors (through 1994) Jaime Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University Paul Cohen, University of Massachusetts Elaine Kant, Schlumberger Laboratory for Computer Science Candace L. Sidner, Digital Equipment Corporation Councilors (through 1995) Johan de Kleer, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Benjamin Kuipers, University of Texas, Austin Paul Rosenbloom, USC/Information Sciences Institute Beverly Woolf, University of Massachusetts Councilors (through 1996) Thomas L. Dean, Brown University Robert S. Engelmore, Stanford University Peter Friedland, NASA Ames Research Laboratory Ramesh Patil, USC/Information Sciences Institute Standing Committees Conference Chair William Swartout, USC/Information Sciences Institute Finance Chair Norman R. Nielsen, SRI International Publications Chair Publishing Director Robert S. Engelmore, Stanford University David Mike Hamilton, The Live Oak Press Scholarship Chair Managing Editor Katia Sycara, Carnegie Mellon University Ellie Engelmore, AAAI Symposium Chair Production Editor Lynn Andrea Stein, MIT AI Laboratory Sunny Ludvik, Ludvik Editorial Services Symposium Cochair Editorial Assistant Bonnie E. Dorr, University of Maryland Daphne Black, AAAI Workshop Grants Chair Candace L. Sidner, Digital Equipment Corporation Workshop Grants Cochair Beverly Woolf, University of Massachusetts AI in Business Subgroup Liaison Dan O’Leary, University of Southern California AI and the Law Subgroup Liaison Edwina Rissland, University of Massachusetts AI in Manufacturing Subgroup Liaison Karl Kempf, Intel Corporation AI in Medicine Subgroup Liaison Serdar Uckun, Stanford University AAAI Staff Executive Director Carol McKenna Hamilton Accountant Julia G. Bowen Conference Coordinator Annette Eldredge The AAAI Press Editor-in-Chief Kenneth Ford, University of Western Florida The MIT Press Coliaisons Robert Prior and Teresa Ehling, The MIT Press General Manager David Mike Hamilton, The Live Oak Press Management Board Robert S. Engelmore, Stanford University Kenneth Ford, University of Western Florida Carol McKenna Hamilton, AAAI David Mike Hamilton, The Live Oak Press Editorial Board Ken Forbus, Northwestern University Patrick Hayes, University of Illinois Janet Kolodner, Georgia Institute of Technology George Luger, University of New Mexico John McDermott, Digital Equipment Corporation Robert Morris, Florida Institute of Technology Alain Rappaport, Neuron Data Bonnie Webber, University of Pennsylvania Membership & Systems Coordinator Richard A. Skalsky Administrative Hasina Aziz, Daphne Black, Anne Gavin, Sally McLaughlin AAAI Corporate Sponsors Apple Computer General Motors Research Laboratory Microsoft Corporation RECOM Technologies AI Magazine Editor Ramesh Patil, USC/Information Sciences Institute Editor Emeritus AAAI Corporate Affiliate The MITRE Corporation Robert S. Engelmore, Stanford University Associate Coeditors, Book Reviews Milind Tambe and Kevin Knight, USC/Information Sciences Institute Associate Editor, Dissertation Abstracts Peter Karp, SRI International Associate Editor, Workshop Reports Peter Patel-Schneider, AT&T Bell Laboratories xiii