THE GOES-R SERIES ADVANCED
BASELINE IMAGER (ABI)
Timothy J. Schmit
NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT)
James J Gurka
NOAA/NESDIS/OSD
Mathew M. Gunshor, Jun Li, etc.
Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)
Madison, WI
GOES-R Users Conference
May 2004
UW-Madison
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Limitations of Current GOES Imagers
Missing spectral bands
Low spatial resolution
Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
Eclipse and related outages
The ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) is the next
generation operational geostationary imager.
The GOES-R/ABI era will begin in 2012.
The Advanced Baseline Imager:
ABI
Current
16 bands
5 bands
Spectral Coverage
Spatial resolution
0.64 mm Visible
0.5 km
Other Visible/nearIR 1.0 km
Bands (>2 mm)
2 km
Approx. 1 km
n/a
Approx. 4 km
Spatial coverage
Full disk
CONUS
4 per hour
12 per hour
Every 3 hours
~4 per hour
Visible
On-orbit calibration
Low-light imaging
Yes
Yes
No
No
ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES Imager
ABI coverage in ~5 minutes
Current GOES coverage in 5 minutes
There are two anticipated scan modes for the ABI:
1) full disk images every 15 minutes + CONUS images every 5 minutes + mesoscale.
2) Full disk every 5 minutes.
Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI
AVIRIS spectra
The current GOES has only one visible band.
While there are differences, there are also many similarities for the spectral bands
on MET-8 and the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Both the MET-8 and ABI
have many more bands than the current operational imagers.
Weighting Functions for the IR channels on the ABI
Weighting functions for the standard atmosphere at a local zenith angle of 40 degrees.
ABI Bands
Future
GOES
Imager
(ABI)
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Wavelength
Range
(μm)
Central
Wavelength
(μm)
Sample Objective(s)
0.45-0.49
0.59-0.69
0.84-0.88
1.365-1.395
1.58-1.64
2.235 - 2.285
3.80-4.00
5.77-6.6
6.75-7.15
7.24-7.44
8.3-8.7
9.42-9.8
10.1-10.6
10.8-11.6
11.8-12.8
13.0-13.6
0.47
0.64
0.86
1.38
1.61
2.26
3.90
6.19
6.95
7.34
8.5
9.61
10.35
11.2
12.3
13.3
Daytime aerosol-over-land, Color imagery
Daytime clouds fog, insolation, winds
Daytime vegetation & aerosol-over-water, winds
Daytime cirrus cloud
Daytime cloud water, snow
Day land/cloud properties, particle size, vegetation
Sfc. & cloud/fog at night, fire
High-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall
Mid-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall
Lower-level water vapor, winds & SO2
Total water for stability, cloud phase, dust, SO 2
Total ozone, turbulence, winds
Surface properties, low-level moisture & cloud
Total water for SST, clouds, rainfall
Total water & ash, SST
Air temp & cloud heights and amounts
Based on experience from:
Current GOES Imagers
ABI Bands
Future
GOES
Imager
(ABI)
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Wavelength
Range
(μm)
Central
Wavelength
(μm)
Sample Objective(s)
0.45-0.49
0.59-0.69
0.84-0.88
1.365-1.395
1.58-1.64
2.235 - 2.285
3.80-4.00
5.77-6.6
6.75-7.15
7.24-7.44
8.3-8.7
9.42-9.8
10.1-10.6
10.8-11.6
11.8-12.8
13.0-13.6
0.47
0.64
0.86
1.38
1.61
2.26
3.90
6.19
6.95
7.34
8.5
9.61
10.35
11.2
12.3
13.3
Daytime aerosol-over-land, Color imagery
Daytime clouds fog, insolation, winds
Daytime vegetation & aerosol-over-water, winds
Daytime cirrus cloud
Daytime cloud water, snow
Day land/cloud properties, particle size, vegetation
Sfc. & cloud/fog at night, fire
High-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall
Mid-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall
Lower-level water vapor, winds & SO2
Total water for stability, cloud phase, dust, SO 2
Total ozone, turbulence, winds
Surface properties, low-level moisture & cloud
Total water for SST, clouds, rainfall
Total water & ash, SST
Air temp & cloud heights and amounts
Based on experience from:
Current GOES Imagers
MSG/AVHRR/
Sounder(s)
ABI Bands
Future
GOES
Imager
(ABI)
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Wavelength
Range
(μm)
Central
Wavelength
(μm)
Sample Objective(s)
0.45-0.49
0.59-0.69
0.84-0.88
1.365-1.395
1.58-1.64
2.235 - 2.285
3.80-4.00
5.77-6.6
6.75-7.15
7.24-7.44
8.3-8.7
9.42-9.8
10.1-10.6
10.8-11.6
11.8-12.8
13.0-13.6
0.47
0.64
0.86
1.38
1.61
2.26
3.90
6.19
6.95
7.34
8.5
9.61
10.35
11.2
12.3
13.3
Daytime aerosol-over-land, Color imagery
Daytime clouds fog, insolation, winds
Daytime vegetation & aerosol-over-water, winds
Daytime cirrus cloud
Daytime cloud water, snow
Day land/cloud properties, particle size, vegetation
Sfc. & cloud/fog at night, fire
High-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall
Mid-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall
Lower-level water vapor, winds & SO2
Total water for stability, cloud phase, dust, SO 2
Total ozone, turbulence, winds
Surface properties, low-level moisture & cloud
Total water for SST, clouds, rainfall
Total water & ash, SST
Air temp & cloud heights and amounts
Based on experience from:
Current GOES Imagers
MSG/AVHRR/
Sounder(s)
MODIS,
Aircraft, etc
Select Products
clouds/fog
solar insolation
aerosol products
hurricane intensity
cloud phase, cloud particle size
snow, ice
volcanic ash/ SO2
land/sea surface temperature
atmospheric motion
fires
cloud height/emissivity
haze/dust
NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)
severe weather signatures
turbulence
ozone
radiances, cloud mask
rainfall
Products that are highlighted are included in this talk
Linden_haze_0.47 µm (ABI spectral band from AVIRIS data)
Smoke
Three-color composite (0.64, 1.6 and 11 µm) shows the low
cloud over the snow and the water versus ice clouds.
Snow
Low
cloud
Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI
The ABI visible and near-IR bands have many uses.
Volcanic Ash Plume: 11-12 and 8.5-11 μm images
One day after the Mt. Cleveland eruption
20 February 2001, 0845 UTC
Simulated
ABI
(11-12 μm)
Poster…Ellrod
Simulated
ABI
(8.5-11 μm)
UW/CIMSS
SO2 calculations from F. Prata
Slightly shift, toward larger wavenumbers, the two narrow ABI
water vapor bands to better discriminate the SO2 peak.
Upper-level SO2 poster…Schreiner et al.
Plume
Simulated IR spectrums for “normal”
and “SO2 enriched” atmosphere and
spectral response functions
Simulated GOES-R ABI
Image Difference
Difference and GOES-R ABI SRF
TOMS
Carn
GOES-R ABI will improve fire detection and characterization
useful for air quality monitoring and forecasting
FIRES
GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA fire product
for the Pacific Northwest
Date: August 17, 2001
Time: 2200 UTC
Smoke
NAAPS Model Aerosol Analysis
for the continental U.S.
Date: August 18, 2001
Time: 1200 UTC
Poster…Schmidt et al. and S. Kondragunta et al.
Poster…Schmidt; Miller
ABI “Natural Color” Image (from MODIS)
This represents a
“best case” for
generating an
“natural color” RedGreen-Blue”
composite image,
given the MODIS 550
nm data from this
image was used to
build the Look Up
Table (LUT) to
simulate the “green”
component from the
other spectral bands.
The HES-Coastal
Water will have a 550
nm band.
Hurricane Isabel on September 18, 2003 from MODIS
13.3 mm allows for better cloud-top information estimates
GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure
Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 µm)
7 April 2000, 1815 UTC
Simulated ABI
Actual GOES-8
Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong
northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving
across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The
mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft
reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region.
Both images are shown in GOES projection.
UW/CIMSS
Fog -- Based on GOES Imager 3.9 µm
5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the Northern Plains
ABI 4 minus 11 μm Difference
Both images are shown in
the GOES projection.
GOES-10 4 minus 11 μm Difference
Fog
UW/CIMSS
ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog.
Higher Spatial Resolution GOES Channels
Simulated ABI
concentric anvil(from MODIS)
layer waves
Enhanced “V”:
IR windows
May 25, 2000
Enhanced “V”
Actual GOES
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000525.html
Satellite-derived rainfall estimates
Satellite-derived precipitation estimates will be improved for GOES-R:
- higher spatial resolution (better depiction of cold cores)
- more frequent images (offers cell growth information)
- improved cloud height (with multiple bands and HES)
- new ABI bands (phase information, better cloud detection)
- better NEdT’s
- better navigation/registration
Poster…Kuligowski
Radiances and Cloud Mask
This includes both the navigated, calibrated pixels, as well as
a clear-sky mask.
For example, MODIS uses 17 of the 36 MODIS bands to
identify the presence of clouds.
For the ABI: Potentially all bands would be used,
depending on the location and time of day.
Plus, both clear and cloudy radiances can be used for
Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) – along with a
host of products (winds, cloud-top information, snow
cover, etc.)
Poster…Frey et al.
Combined GOES-8 & -10 Imager
Long Wave Band (11.0 mm)
Sample:
Combined GOES-8 & -10 Imager
Water Vapor Band (6.7 mm)
Clear-Sky Brightness Temperature
(CSBT Image)
Current routine GOES and ABI
temporal sampling
Regional View
Poster…Wimmers
ABI
This simulated GOES-R ABI loop was created by morphing between two actual
GOES images. "Morphing" describes a broad category of digital image algorithms
used to create smooth, seamless transitions between two or more images.
MET-8
- The advanced multispectral geostationary
operational imager, Met8, can be used to prepare
for the ABI.
Improved products will be realized from combinations of
ABI and HES (Hyperspectral Environmental Suite) data
(IR and Visible/near IR on the HES-Coastal Water)!
Spatial
resolution
Temporal
resolution
Cloud
clearing
ABI
HES
Surface
emissivity
Spectral
coverage
Spectral
resolution
Much improved
spatial coverage with
the HES Sounder
Current GOES Sounder
coverage in one hour
GOES-R HES
Sounder coverage in
one hour
Cloud Top Pressure
CIMSS
GOES R Observational Requirements*
Preliminary Instrument Allocation
Absorbed Shortwave Radiation
Aerosol Detection
Aerosol Particle Size
Aircraft Icing Threat
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile
Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile
Capping Inversion Information
Clear Sky Masks
Cloud & Moisture Imagery
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Imagery
Cloud Layers / Heights and Thickness
Cloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical Depth
Cloud Particle Size Distribution
Cloud Top Height
Cloud Top Phase
Cloud Top Pressure
Cloud Top Temperature
Cloud Type
CO Concentration
Convection Initiation
Currents
Derived Motion Winds
Derived Stability Indices
Downward Longwave Radiation
ABI – Advanced
Baseline Imager
Downward Solar Insolation
Dust/Aerosol
Energetic Heavy Ions
Enhanced "V"/Overshooting Top Detection
Fire / Hot Spot Imagery
Flood/Standing Water
Geomagnetic Field
Hurricane Intensity
Ice Cover/ Landlocked
Imagery: All-Wx/Day-Nite
Land Surface (Skin) Temperature
Lightning Detection
Low Cloud and Fog
Mag Electrons & Protons: Low Energy
Mag Electrons & Protons: Med & High Energy
Microburst Winds
Moisture Flux
Ocean Color
Ocean Currents
Ocean Optical Properties
Ocean Turbidity
Ozone Layers
Ozone Total
Pressure Profile
Probability of Rainfall
Radiances
HES – Hyperspectral
Environmental Suite
SEM – Space
Environment Monitor
* Does not reflect individual geographic coverage requirements.
Rainfall Potential
Rainfall Rate/QPE
Reflected Solar Insolation
Sea & Lake Ice/Age
Sea & Lake Ice/Concentration
Sea & Lake Ice/ Displacement and Direction
Sea & Lake Ice/Extent and Characterization
Sea Surface Temps
Snow Cover
Snow Depth
SO2 Concentration
Solar and Galactic Protons
Solar Flux: EUV
Solar Flux: X-Ray
Solar Imagery
Surface Albedo
Surface Emissivity
Suspended Matter
Total Precipitable Water
Total Water Content
Turbulence
Upward Longwave Radiation
Vegetation Fraction: Green
Vegetation Index
Visibility
Volcanic Ash
SXI – Solar X-Ray
Imager
GLM – GOES
Lightning Mapper
Prepared By: L.O’Connor 04/23/2004
Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the spectral bands on
the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
“0.47mm”
“0.64mm”
“0.86mm”
“1.38mm”
“1.61mm”
“2.26mm”
“3.9mm”
“6.19mm”
“6.95mm”
“7.34mm”
“8.5mm”
“9.61mm”
“10.35mm”
“11.2mm”
“12.3mm”
“13.3mm”
Similar bands on the GOES-12 Imager
“0.47mm”
“0.64mm”
“0.86mm”
“1.38mm”
“1.61mm”
“2.26mm”
“3.9mm”
“6.19mm”
“6.95mm”
“7.34mm”
“8.5mm”
“9.61mm”
“10.35mm”
“11.2mm”
“12.3mm”
“13.3mm”
Summary -- ABI
ABI addresses Imager concerns by:
• increasing spatial resolution
- closer to NWS goal of 0.5 km IR
• scanning faster
- temporal sampling improved
- more regions scanned
• adding bands
- new and/or improved products enabled
Simulations (from MODIS, AIRS, NAST-I, MSG and AVIRIS) show
that the ABI addresses needs for cloud, moisture, air quality and
surface products.
Every product from the current GOES imager will be improved!
Every band on the ABI will be used for a number of products.
ABI will allow exciting new products from geostationary orbit,
especially when combined with data from the HES.
More information -- ABI
ABI Research Home page (with a link to all these links):
• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/
ABI Simulated images from NASA AIRS Direct Broadcast:
• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/airs_broadcast/aniairs.html
GOES and MODIS Galleries:
• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/interesting_images.html
• http://terra.ssec.wisc.edu/~gumley/images.html
ABI Documentation from NASA:
• http://goes2.gsfc.nasa.gov/abihome.htm
ABI Simulated Spectral Response functions:
• ftp://ftp.ssec.wisc.edu/ABI/SRF
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