Efficiency in vocational agricultural instruction in Montana
by Eugene A Egan
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Education
Montana State University
© Copyright by Eugene A Egan (1940)
Abstract:
Placement in farming of those boys having one year or more of vocational agriculture has in the past
been attributed to a number of factors.
This study intends to discover and verify the important factors and suggest a plan of improvement for
increasing the efficiency of tho vocational agrl-culture departments in Montana with respect to
placement.
Although nany factors have contributed to the actual placement of young men in famine, a relatively
snail number have been discovered to exert any real influience. Tho type of agricultural program, the
supervised practice program, the instructor and the follow-up program have, in the past, had the
greatest influence on placement of young men in famine. However, there are factors in addition to these
already mentioned over which the agricultural instructor has less control which seem to have even
more lnfluence upon occupational selection. The background, occupational experience, end opportunity
of an Individual have all seemed to play nore important parts.
Of those who are faming at the present time, tenure of parents, ownership in the home place,
opportunity for getting control of a farm have all been very influential in placement. Results indicate
that young men from vocational agriculture departments in Montana have boon using tho "farm ladder"
route in getting into farming. Problems encountered by those men In tho majority of cases wore either
problems of financing their entrance Into faming or finding enployment in tho case of times entering
other occupations, and achieving security in the case of both groups.
Conclusions drawn and recommendations suggested wore basod an the results of summarization of
placemat records in 30 departments in this state and on a study of 149 individuals who have had one or
nore years of vocational agriculture in high school. Reccomendations suggested for tho inprovement of
tho program of vocational agriculture in Montana Include: caroful selection of toaohore of vocational
agriculture; careful selection of students far training In vocational agriculture concentration on
improvements in methods of teaching, selection of subject matter and touching activities; improvement
cf the supervised practice program; developnent of a sore effective follow-up program with former
students; the development of more thorough and accurate records on former students, and extension of
the research program.
Influential factors that are not subject to direction by the agricultural Instructor could best be given
consideration by careful selection of the students. Recommendations have been general, in most cases,
with Illustration of possibilities for inprovement by example or reference. Tho extent of improvement
will be decided by careful planning for existing conditions end successful execution of accurate plans. EFFICIENCY IU VOCATIONAL AGiiICULZUSAL IDCTiLCCTIOL
IN HOHTAIIA
b?
Eugono A. Egan
A THESIS
SubdLttod to tlao Grodmto C oaalttoo
In
p a r t i a l fu lT illn o n t o f tho roqulrmoarto
f o r tlsj dojroo of
Ilastor of Scionco in ^ jr io u ltu r a i Education
at
Hositana C tato Collogo
Approved:
Bosooan, Itontam
Juno, 1340
} /2 T ?
, •
TABIZ OF COBTami
Page
ro p m o n D .............. .......................................
6
ASB rB kC S.............................................................................................................. ..
5
PART I .
C
BTRODXTIOS................................
m B to rical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pur oso o f t h i s ftudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Couroos of Data ...............................................................................
L im itations arid Troataont of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART I I .
/4
^ '
j
I
I
5
1
02
CO
BBPAKBIE8T RATIDO AZID EFFICIEIKT Ui FtACEiBST
G
11
12
12
15
15
: luooMent in Fmmlng .................................. ............... ............... ..
Placeaont and th e A g rio u lta ral Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Placorsont and th o Supervised Praotioo P lrograa..........................
Ploeouent and th e Future Fam ero o f Anerioa Program . . . . . . . .
Placocaont and th e Vocational A g riculture In s tru c to r . . . . . . . .
Placonaat and F actors That Gave a P o sitiv e C o rrelatio n . . . . .
Placcoont and F actors That Gave a Ieg ativ o C o rrelatio n . . . . .
Cucuary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
24
25
PART I I I . STUDY OF 143 FOKDuR VOCATlCtiAL AGRICULTURE STUDRDTS TO
DISCOVER FACTORS ILHKKiTIAL ID PUCFKEIiT...................................
20
Perconal In fo rm tio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ea-io Background of These Forrnr Vocational A griculture
Studonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rosickjncot Som er Occupation, and Suporvisod Practioo
Program C arried TDiUe Attending High School .......... ..
P resent Occupation and D esire f o r FurtLor Education . . . . . .
F o rm r Student Evaluation o f P resent Progran of Vocational
A g ricu lture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sum ary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART IV. RECQLIEBnATIOBS FOP. ILPEOVEhTKT OF THE EFFICIENCY ID THE
V0CAT30RAL AGRICULTURE DEPARTZETS OF ZOBTASA IS PLACEZiBIT CF
YOUT'. IBTEHs ITED IS FARZOBO .......................................................... ..
In tro d u ctio n
S e lec tio n of Teachers of Vocational A griculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S e lectio n of Students fo r T raining i n Vocational A g ric u ltu re ..
Improvement# l a ISothode of Touching, L elo ctia - o f Subject
L a tte r , and Tmohing A c tiv itie s in Vocational A g rio u ltu ro ,..
64097
21
21
22
22
20
20
31
30
S3
43
40
40
40
43
53
-3 -
Inprovcr,33at o f th o Eupoarvlsod F ra ctico P ro jra a . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dovolopiaont o f a Uoro E ffeotlvo Follcw-up P ro^ra- w ith
Forawr Students ......................................................................................
Too Doveloptaont o f a Iioro Thorouch mid Aocurato Record on
Paroeent end Fonaor Students ................................................ ..
Extension o f the Roeoorch Pragm a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
04
05
ShriART....................................................................................... ......................... ..
GO
APFhIIDXX ...............................
Tl
AC S S C W L E D G E aF lJT S ..........................................
69
BIBLIOGBAPIir
90
Ol
" I f the A o rio a a fe m c r Io to prove an orxtoptioa t o th e h is to ry o f
th e Y7orld and rorm ln tlso indopondsnt,
readix;;:, progreoeivo
in d iv id u a l m 3ma t h i s f a r boon lnetoeui of Loeculnc a p easan t, as iso lias
Loforo in a l l history* I t i e aooecoary that 1» be jiv o n tiio broadest
poaeible tr a in in g and Lo oduoatod noot tliorou^I JLy l a tho A sidaaoatal
p ria o ip lo s underlying sis profeseloru"
►isDni-y Jeokeoa Latoro - 1909
rm c m iC Y m voom siA L /. g2 i c x ,t :;?al nsn iao cn cc
ABSSEACT
PlaoCKxmt In fa m in e of those boys iswrine one year or uoro of voca­
tio n a l a g ric u ltu re has in tlx> p a s t boon a ttr ib u te d t o a n hbor o f f a c to r s .
S ils study lntonds t o discover and vorlf^T tho ln p o rta a t f a c to rs and euecoct
a plan o f i::provoaent f o r lnoroaslne th o e ffic ie n c y o f tlio v ocational a g ri­
c u ltu re do,'urtucnto in Uontana w ith re sp ec t to placonont.
Although
fa c to rs have c o n trib u ted to th e a ctu al plaoo;xjnt of young
itan in f a m in g , e r e la tiv e ly s n a il nuubor liavo boon discovered t o octort tary
re a l in f luonoo. The ty po o f a g ric u ltu ra l progroa, tlio suyorvieod p ra c tic e
p rag m a, th o In s tru c to r and tiio fo llo e -u p progran liavo, i n ti<o p a c t, lied th e
g ro ato ct Influence on placenont of young uon in fa m in g . Howovcr , th ere a re
f a c to r s in a d d itio n to t IioSe alread y -.-nntionod over which th e a g ric u ltu ra l
ln o tru o to r Ibis lo se c o n tro l widcli soon to Imvo ovon noro Influonoo upon
occup&tlasml so lo o tio n . Tbo background, occupational onporionco, end
opportunity o f tin Ind iv id u al liavo e l l eeoood t o play Liore im portant p a rts .
Of tlioso utoo a re fu m in g a t tlx* pro cent t i n e , to m ro of p a ro n te, ownership
in tlio Iiooo plaoo, opportunity f o r g o ttin g c o n tro l of a f a m liavo a l l been
very in f lu e n tia l i n plaoouent, Daoults ln d lc ato t h a t young rmn fro a vooa-
ro u te in g e ttin g in to fa m in g . Problems encauntorod by tiioco non in tlio
G B jority o f caaos 1Xiro e ith e r problc. 10 of f inancing tiio ir ontranoo Into
fa m in g o r fin d in g eaploynant In tho ease o f tlio so entorlng o th e r oocupatloas,
end oclilevinr, se c u rity i n th e ease of botli groups.
Conclusions drawn and rocom ondatlm o cuggoctod wore Imsod on th e r e s u lts
o f oursaarieation o f plecoaont records in 30 departments in t h i s s ta te and on
a study of 149 in d iv id u a ls who Imvo had on© o r noro years o f vocational
a g ric u ltu re i n high school, "co m m d a tio n s suggested f o r tho Inproveneait
o f tho progrtxn of vocational a g ric u ltu re in Montana include: ooroful s e le c tio n
o f toociiore o f vocational a g ric u ltu re ; c a re fu l s o lo c tim of stu d en ts fo r
t r ain in g in v o cational a g ric u ltu re ; c (Xicontration an iaprovoiaontc In not.uxle
of to&ciiing, so lootion of su b ject n a tte r end touching u c ti v i ti o e ; inprovo: n n t
o f th e supervised p rao tlo e progroei; dovolopnont o f a more e ffo o tlv o follow-up
program w itli for. or stu d e n ts; tho dovolopnont o f noro tdiorougb and accurate
records on fo rc e r stu d e n ts, and 0 %ten sio n of tlm research program*
I n f lu e n tia l fa c to rs tlia t a re no t su b je c t to d ire c tio n by tlio a g ric u ltu ra l
in s tr u c to r could boot bo given o m e id o m tio n by c arefu l coloction o f th e
stu d e n ts. Hocacanondatlons have boon g e n e ra l, in -lost eases, w ith i l l u s t r a ­
tio n o f p o s s ib i l i ti e s f o r inprovoGont by oaaanplo or roforonoo. Dm e x ten t of
Inprqwsnont w ill bo decided by ooroful planning f o r o x istin g conditions and
sueoocsfttl e lo c u tio n of accu rate p lan s.
—0»
PART I .
XSEEQDUOXXC*
H isto ric a l Bacirjrcroad
Toacliint; o f vocational a ^ io u ltu r o to f a m bqya tlnour^m it our n a tio n ,
tlio to r r ito r io * o f ISemiii, and Alaolaa, th * Isla n d of Puerto Rioos and the
Dietrlorfc of C o itrjjia 3me been r*de p o ssib le through a s e r ie s of Io c la L a tiw
a c ts and euppleeaentary a c t s .
Proaiiseat aao% tiuoeo voro th o
Acts o f 1917 and 1924,1^ tlto Ooorgo-Jjood Aot of 1D29S^
Act o f
tha Georco-Ellsoy
and tbo Goorge^oon Aot o f UStOm</ Uodor tlsoco a c ts , fedora!
p o lic ie s iiave given tlie courses In v ocational a g ric u ltu re tlarouphout t l » United
S ta te s and i t s t e r r i t o r i e s a counon baekyround and a s m i l a r iYanoowk.
Tbeco
eoureoe Imvo n ets d e fin ite o lw a o te ri s t i c e tlsat d istin g u is h tlion f r m tlso
o th er su b je c ts in Mgh ooliool,
loro tizjo i s devoted to tiio study of a g ri­
c u ltu re tlian to t l » ac&doulo subJo o t g.
In a d d itio n to re g u la r c la s s work, a
boy i s req u ired to c a r r on a p ro ^ ^ a ; o f suporvdsoU f a n p ra c tlc o .
Thie
■rOiiran, o ften refo rro d to as a " p ro je c t”, provides a proving ground fo r aaoU
of1 th e in f o riia tlon p resented in tim c la s s ro m ; provides f o r or;xiriom o in
fam in e? and i s a s t a r t toward acq u irin g csmorchip Sn an e n tir e farew
Altlnaugh
iro Imw ulaood t i » ■greatest eciplmsis on th e a ll-d a y prtNJfwi dealing M th high
eohool boys, tlio o rig in a l b i l l s tre s s e d a d u lt and out-of-scijool youth education
.
h-*/," Uist..^foui*i*
r e c Z y i , r^ c r i Q . ...o,
.- ix ty - f if ta GkmgTOttB, LI. E. bS49j p u b lic , ho. Sb, ,,isty-oL hith Congress,
LI. H. 4121.
P u b l i c . Ho* 702 , S e s e a s t le t h Ccex r e s o , S , 1731 .
§ / AiLlio. So. 24b,
^
ovoatj'-eeociii C%!gross, LI. i:. 7059.
P ublic. So* 073, Gownty-foxartii Ccsigrees, IL E. 12120.
lust ttc strongly as i t did the high school projm a. 5 / am y schools l a the
•outhorn cooti«xi o f th e eJ altod Statoe and a foe in the central sta te s have
dovolopod furtiior In adult oduoatioaa ttsan tlx> root o f tiio oom try.
In Iicmtanu., tlso f i r s t courses In acrlculturo in tiie secondary schools
vforo taujht in Mgh scliools at B illin g s and D illon in 1306, and in the Flathoad
County IIigh School in 1012* C / Iho passage of the Snith-Hughos Aot o f 1017
resulted in tiio cstab !Ichoont o f 9 vocational agriculture departments In the
aohools o f IJmtona in 1917 and 1318* 7/' IULs maabor lnoroacod to 20 in 1D20j
24 in IOwSi 2G In 1380s 40 in IDSSj end SG in 1033*
Iho to ta l nuhber of
departnontc started in 'Jontona since 1317 i s 7 6 , which Lioons th at 20 have
diooontinuod toachi g agriculture to dato.
Thoro wore 15 depertnants in t .o
sta te 15 years o f ago or older end 25 dopartr.Xints that have boon In o: J1Etomo
I j years or longer.
Juch thocglifc and e ffo r t tiavo bom epont during th is period in Inprovom nta in ty p e and content o f Instruction; in developing cuitabio e ls e , coo^e,
and continuation q u a litie s o f tlto cuporvieod practice progra...; in education
fo r a doLToorecY through a Future Famer progrou; and in enlarging a follow-up
progran o f p art-tin e and evening schools.
During the f i r s t years fcdlowiifl the acts th at node fodoral Fmds a v a il­
able for tho tone’ling o f vocational agriculture in high soiioolc, d irectors,
itio iic* iio. 54'/, 5ixty^'uurtTT CorigrooaV C."
j ^ T i o T ^ V ’uT,'"
S iz ty ^ fift . Congroc s, I* R* 5345; Public, ho* 55, Slzty-olghtl: Congrocc,
n . n . 4121.
O / Darrxme W* E*, Ucmtana Superintendent o f Publlo Instruction Poport
1904-10, Indopoadent Publishing Co., Jolona, Montana, 1916.
7 / Iruppcr, Jay, Fiftoenth B iem iol Icoport o f the Superintendent o f
Public Instruction o f IJbntana, Iadoporatett JubllBliing Co*, Jolona, Jontana,
■3.
""
-8 —
su p e rv iso rs, uod In stn M to rs caaoontn tod on developing s k i l l s in production.
They f l r n ly b eliev ed t h e i r duty to I e teaching young asa to aQratr tv/o blades
o f g rass where b u t one grew b e fo re ".
This b e lie f was Ooraoo a t th a t tin e
■aoog sony loaders in te re s te d i n I sp rowwaonfe in a g ric u ltu re .
On th e oivolc,
a g ric u ltu r a l teach ers ooncojitnutod on p re c e n ta titsi of a b s tra c t subject n a tt e r
and dovelopuont o f production s k i l l s and o fte n neglected t o dovolop praetico e
th a t would encourage aore a p p lic a tio n and c arry over to th e hone forr:.
Although t!ie prim ary o b jec tiv e of a course in v o cational a g ric u ltu re te a always
been " to t r a i n p resen t and prospective fa rn e re in pro ficien cy in fa m in e " , jy '
aetliods used in achieving t h i s end have undergone easy chengos.
In n o st cases
i t was assumed tlia t those in te re s te d and q u a lifie d fo r fam in g would - Iaco
t: oacolvoe by th e " fa m ladder" route w ithout lu rth e r ns cl Gtozioo.
K atu rally
no d ata were a v a ila b le th o se f i r s t years on plaoeneut in fa m in g o f graduates
front departm ents of vocational a g ric u ltu re .
The Advisory CoesiittoefS re p o rt on vocational education to th e P resident
in February, 1939, rovealod assumptions s i d l a r to tlie above when i t sa id ,
"For t o » c t p a rt teaching in vocational etgrloulturo lies been of high q u a lity .
A new and enriched c u rrio u lu n I s sic k ly emerging and th e emphasis i s being
s h ifte d fro? tlio manipulative s k i l l s end problene of production to probleos
o f an ooonoLilc and nanagerial n a tu re ". 0 / TIs© ueiZboro of t h i s c a n i t t o o Ixiood
t h e i r c r itic is m on typo o f teaching in p ra c tic e and subject n a t t e r co n ten t.
Other review ers of th e progress o f courses in vocational a g ric u ltu re c r i t i c i s e
%% rs^ b". E ., wH ffoctiveness Off \Kxmtio a l^ d u c a tic o i n Agriculture^", '
A grlc. Corlos ho. 13, B ui. Bo. DB, Fodoral Dopartnont o f E ducation, 1937*
0 / P-:bco1, John Dale, "Advisory C ocnittoe Boport on Vocational Eduoatio n To th e P re sid e n t", Study So. 0 , iiashingtoa, D. C ., 1930,
-Do r p raico th e progroo os a nothod o f preparing stt«l«3ts f o r c o lle g e ; or question
th e d e s ir a b ility of placing eoeh a course a t tiio eooondar,. school ago lo-.t% or
question th e c o st w itl no thought t o t!io q u a lity of t in product.
This w rite r
fo o ls t h a t m ny of th e go "adherents" or " c r i t ic s " Invo a ls se d th e p o in t.
Slm o v o c atlo sal a g ric u ltu re i s an e ffic ie n c y device, i t s progress oiiould be
based on e ffic ie n c y In obtaining r e s u l ts .
As Proesor and A lien s t a te , "Social
■wealth fu rth e r* th e opportunity f o r so c ie ty to m aintain s t a b i l i t y end p ro g ress.
The g re a te r th e degree t o which so c ia l w ealth can be produced In th e moot
e f f i c ie n t way, tJ^e g re a te r our p o te n tia l reso u rces fo r achieving our ends as
a n a tio n .
On th e wltole, organized vocational tra in in g i s an e ffic ie n c y device,
I t undortahes to do n o tlln g which has not boon done b efo re; I t merely uadortakae
to dlsd m rg e tly) sons functions acre o f f Io im itly .* i o /
"T raining a boy en ro lled In a vocational a g ric u ltu re dopcrtnont io only
p a r t o f th e re s p o n s ib ility of th e d e p a rt e n t .
!Hs o o ta h lislo o a t In farming i s
th e next sto p ." l l /
Eoco attem pts have been made to neasuro th e e ffic ie n c y o f programs of
vocational a g ric u ltu re using placeoont in fonaing as a b a s is .
Imve divided thonselvos in to two d i s t in c t ty p es:
Those stu d ie s
F i r s t , stu d io s on placement
o f boys who dropped out o f school before completing th e ir high school course;
and second, stu d ie s of boys who graduated fro n high school.
In very few oases
have th e research ers gone fu rth e r titan ta b u la tin g th e r e s u lts end drawing
conclusions as to th e sig n ific an c e of those r e s u lts .
**"
X ty Y in w a r
C o.,
Tork, 1325, pp. 14-15»
l l / TttO rJ hltod S ta te s Department o f I n t e r i o r , O ffice o f Education B u lle tin
Ho, f / s t u d y H0 . 8, 5. S. Government P rin tin g O ffic e , Washington, D. C ., 1337.
-1 0 -
Tsro stu d io s conductod In Pennsylvania dealing w ith the f i r s t type Givo
a p a r t i a l p ic tu re of th e nuabor th a t loavo Mgh school before graduating end
th e s ta tu s o f th ese boys.
In a study of fo u r high schools in t h i s s t a te ,
Dailey discovered t h a t , o f those e n ro lle d in vocational a g ric u ltu re as f r o sh­
a m , SI p e r c e n t l e f t school w ith b u t one y e a r o f a g ric u ltu re and 32 p e r can*
graduated w ith fo u r years of a g ric u ltu re .
The revaluing 5*5 per cent dropped
out eoLiOtiuo a f t e r th e couplotian o f th e i ’r oslaxm year and tiic beginning of
th e senior y e a r.
Of th e e n tir e group tiia t entered a s DroeIooa , CS per cen t are
fa m in g . 1 2 /
TIso second study uontiom d d e a lt w ith ICb boys in Penasylvania wise dropped
out o f school I 20 por c en t d e sired to be fa m o rs wisoa th ey e n to re d , but when
tlsey witlidrew, 42 per cen t chose fa m in g .
"Fron these f a c ts i t m y be ln fo rre d
t h a t tiic a g ric u ltu ra l stu d en t who f a i l s to cunploto h ie course i n high school
i s nore lik e ly to becone a fa m o r tiian i s tliO boy who roooins in high aoliool
u n t i l graduation.* 1 3 /
Studios have boon node B uam rieiag plaooacmt in fa m in g f o r th e e n tir e
United S ta te s .
Those stu d io s wore node p rim a rily w ith th e purpose o f discover­
ing th e s ta tu s o f those receiv in g in s tru c tio n in vocational a g ric u ltu re .
These
m y bo c r i t i c i s e d because tlioy did n o t b rin g to Ilg Iit s u f f ic ie n t evidence upon
wiiioh to baso a d e fin ite program of iiuprovmont in vocational a g ric u ltu ra l
deportnont e ff ic ie n c y .
In vory few coses x=ero placement d a ta securod about
young fa m o rs n o t tra in e d in vocational a g ric u ltu re to discover the dlfferonoos
* " ~~X2/~zCX&j; l T -J., r,rfim :
of Z oycl/ha Iiavo utudlod ^VoocHnnal
AGricuTtaron, Agrio. Fduro. Ilogaxinef Vol• C, Ho. 2, August, 1002.
1 3 / Anderson, C. S ., "Out o f Soiiool Rural Tout!: E nter Fem ing0, Po. S ta te
C ollege, B ui. Mo. 574, January, 1340, p . 20.
which n i^ h t o x lct between th e two croupo.
TIso csno con be said f o r th e
DCijority a t c tu d lo s i n tlio d if f e r e n t s ta te s ,
Venf fo® ctu d lo s laivo boon discovered by t h is w r ite r t h a t d eal w ith
e ffic ie n c y l a vocational a g ric u ltu re on tlio b a s is o f pl aOsaea t in fa m ln y and
wlxioh continue furtlxor in rocax^onulrv stops f o r iL^rovcooat*
Suob an In v o s ti-
Gaticm c a rrie d cm in !H esourl a rriv e d a t t lioco conclusions, wTlie of fo o t Ivtmece
o f vocational a g ric u ltu re i s in d ir e c t proportion to th e te a c h e r 's a ttitu d e
toward t!xo work, h is a b i l i t y as a te a c h e r, tito aaouat of se rv ic e he renders
to th e O oaagiltyt tho s p i r i t bo Itne tcsmrd cooperating aGoncles, and to earn
doyroc M s ozporlonco; i t i s in clone re la tio n s h ip to tlio a ttitu d e he 2ma toward
th e ln stn a c tio :;, t! » w illln jn o s s w ith which Io does required work, <uti tho ty.m s
of p u p ils e n ro lle d in h ie c la s s ” • !< /
Hsay stu d io s a re not ap p lica b le to cond itio n s e x is tIn^ in Iicmtana and
wore only v alu able t o t h i s w r ite r a s a culde in detorrhLnln,; procedure to
fo llo w , 1C/
Purpose of TIiia Study
Tho purpose o f t h i s study I s to d isco v er, i f p o ssib le , th e fa c to rs ln p o rta o t
in plaooiKsnt in fa m in e o f boys w ith tra in in g in vocational a g ric u ltu re , and
to rooosvoud veye and notms i n which e ffic ie n c y nay be iccroaced,
A survey o f l it e r a t u r e in a g ric u ltu ra l education was undertaken w ith th o
Ixopo th a t souo e x is tin g d a ta could be c o rre la te d and applied to th e program
*"
1-iy " S e l ]scar
IT o^tT ^oxrIia s tru c ^
tlo n in Vocational A g riculture i n lH o scu rl," unpublished Mostor1e th e s is ,
U n iv ersity o f lc s o u r i, Columbia, M issouri, 132b, p . CD,
1 5 / For a cocploto l i s t o f such stu d io s w ith purpose, scope and rooo*oondaSTonc o b tain a rev ise d eSuaxarios of Studios in A g ricu ltu ral Education” ,
Vocational Fducatlon B u lle tin Ho, 100, A g ric u ltu ra l Sorioa Mo. 47, J , S. Dopt•
o f I n t e r i o r , X flc e of Education, U, S, Government P rin tin g O ffice, Tiaddagton,
D, C.
i n Moctftm,
Souroos o£ Ikita
F i r s t , records in the o ffic e o f th e Supervisor o f Vocational A griculture
in IIdirfceno tsero osGedbled and
sue
a rls e d to discover tliO s ta tu s o f fo rn o r
stu d en ts of v o c a tlo .a l a g ric u ltu re in th e s t a t e .
Second, t r e o rating's w r o obtained on each of 50 d e p a rt e a t s in Iiontuim.
Iaoh o f those departments was ovaluatod on oach o f oloven c r i t e r i a covering
in s tru c tio n and a c t iv i t y prograao.
Tlmso ra tin g s were obtained frees tljo S ta te
su p erv iso r of Vocational A g ricu ltu re, th e Teaoltcr T rainor, and t i e A ssista n t
Supervisor of Vocational A grioulturo in 'Iontana.
TIiird, a study was made on each o f HO fo ra o r tra in e e s o f vocational a g ri­
c u ltu re d e p a rt mots who a re now e s ta b l IsJied In fam in g and r e la te d occupations
and o f 3D for: n r tra in e e s engaged in u n re la te d occu:>atioi*s.
L ia ita tiG a s
T rcrtuoat of Data
records in t i e o ffic e o f th e S ta te Supervisor o f Vocatioiml A griculture
dealin g with plaoeoent o f former stu d en ts e x iste d on forms e stab lish ed by th e
s t a t e departcmnt of V ocational A g ricu ltu re. IQ /
TIkseo record forms have boon
6ui..oittod to t l i s o ffic e i'oorly fo r th e p act coven poors, and o rig in a te w ith
th e departments of vocational a g ric u ltu re i n IdLgh schools tluroughout Iiontana
covering graduates since i n s ta lla tio n of th e ^ p a rts m n t.
so lncauglote as t o m k o f Juuil su a .a ry in ac cu ra te .
Soem re p o rts were
Some depart-m ats laavo bean
o p eratin g f o r such a sh o rt period of tin e thfl* no spprooiable amount of p Iaoonont lias been ob tain ed .
earn inaocureoioe.
Approxinatoly 50 per cen t of too so ro p o rtc contained
Sono o f tiioco n i stakes were norely uathcsm tloal e rro rs
1 6 / A copy o f tliTc £orz% may W "foisKl "in" tlm apt-cnd[|k', page YlV
-1 3 -
th a t wore oorrootod In auditing#
Sinoo ae Jaang? a s 7 nop o rts wore a v aila b le
fro o om jxihool covering tlie l a s t 7 yours, ooao n i stokes woro corrected by
coop o riso n .
Of tljo 50 dojm rtnonts o f vooatlonal a g ric u ltu re now in operation
i n Tiontaim, complete s m a rlsa tlo tn s o f s ta tu s of f o r m r students wore obtained
on 30.
A r a tin g of those 30 departments was eocurod in order to discover vitat
item s or fa c to rs included In t h e i r pro g ram were n o et in flu o rt-io l in pl&occ iont.
Ratings wore secured f o r each school on each o f tlso follow ing Ito a e solooted
as sig n lflo a n t phases o f th e prograz: o f v o o a tlo m l a g ric u ltu re s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C.
Shop program
A g ricu ltu ral program
Supervised p ra c tic e program
Shop equipment
A g ricu ltu ral oquipoent
The in s tru c to r
7.
0.
9.
10.
11.
Dopartmont lo c a tio n
Evening school program
f a r t - t i n e school program
A dditional follow -up program
F. F. A. pn^proa
M tin g s were node w ith 100 p o in ts a s a p o ssib le score and d iv isio n s were
os fo llo w ss
E xcellent M tln g
Good Rating
Avorago Rating
F a ir Rating
Poor Rating
Blanks
Ol - 100 per
Cl - GO per
41 - CO per
2 1 - 4 0 per
1 - 2 0 per
cent
cent
cen t
cent
cen t
fo r ra tin g th e departments woro given to th e th re e men previously
mentioned along w ith in s tru c tio n s c u tlin in g considerations f o r each item
l i s t e d . 1 7 / Since those ra tin g s wore Independently done by q u a lifie d men
having a sso c ia tio n and experience in maporvieiaa in Iioentaaa f o r a im years or
lo n g er, m d since agreement in ra tin g s was very c lo s e , i t i s s as ira d tim t tlie
r a tin g s are r e lia b le .
The departments solooted and used f o r study of the in d iv id u a ls liavlng
2 2 / Tables I I and I I I in th e Appendix.
tra in in g in v o cational a g ric u ltu re oeros
B illin g s High School a t D illin g s,
Cascade High School a t Cascade, Fergus County High School a t Lowistotm,
G a lla tin County High School a t B o z o o tL and Zfoooeeln High School a t :*oooaciru
In a d d itio n to tiio caso studios secured a t tlioce fiv e ochoolc, attendance a t
th e annual 8Cliort course8 a t Hontena S ta te Collogo ; rovidod oolioduloc on 3
hoys froza tlio department a t EHssoula, 3 boys £raa Dutton, 3 boys fro a l^ o g a te ,
3 boys f r a a Big Tiiuhor, 2 boys fro u Conrad and one boy Troci Bolt*
Tide w rite r
scoured 100 p er cen t o f those schedules by personal interview w ith th e yoimg
two o ltlia r oo tlio ir Tam s or in 12$oir plaoos of b u sin ess.
Theso sclioduloe
uoaro obtained to discover*
1 . Parents* occupation, fondly s iz e , f a r e te n u re , hone f a r a size
and lo c a tio n , liaae f a r e ownership s ta tu s , and cropping end
liv e s to c k system *
2 . Ftmmlng o r occupational s ta tu s o f tho In d iv id u a l.
3 . Tiie Individual^ education and sc iio lastic reco rd .
4. S lso , scope and ownership o f tiio in d iv id u a l's supervised
pruotloo program*.
5 . Invoetuont In fa rc in g upon leav in g idgh eciiool.
G* Occupational exporionce i n a d d itio n t o high school tr a in in g .
7 . Future plane in regard to fa rc in g o r p resen t occupation.
8. D if f ic u ltie s encountered in g e ttin g e sta b lish e d in fan,dug.
9 . E xtent to which tra in in g In vocational a g ric u ltu re provided
needed a b i l i t i e s .
10. Hood f o r fu rth e r tr a in in g . 1C/
A copy CtiTT: ‘6 Te:ToTmliTTube in ^intcrvlT^iug" tlioso' UoyerTo" h . Cm"
page 7%
PAT*? I I .
DEPAPTL33T RtTIBO ASD ErTICIESCI IB PLAOEMQZT
Tho b^ o, oico and lo c a tio n of tho 30 department g t h a t eoro ra te d ood
upon which plaoooont oohoduloe wore obtained, give a d is tr ib u tio n tlia t t h i s
w r ite r to o ls I s re p re se n ta tiv e o f tho e n tir e s t a t e . IO /
ThB percentage of boys rec eiv in g one or noro years o f vocational a g ri­
c u ltu re fro c those dep art o n tc v aried g re a tly .
Tlio departnont reported most
o f f i e Io n t i n tid e re sp e c t 2ms placed 34.20 per cent of I t s boys In fa m in g and
r e la te d occupations.
The l e a s t e f f ic ie n t school reported a pleocenont o f only
12.5 ;o r oont in t h is ro c;'o c t.
PlaccaGnt in Taralng
The average of tlie re p o rts of tliose 30 dopartaonte In Mantam gave th e
r e s u lts shown in ta b le I I .
Of th e group t h a t la fanning, appm ri-m toly 27 per oont a re fam in g as
fart: CBmoroi 20 per cont a re fa m in g a s r e n te rc; 7 per oont a rc fam in g as
p a rtn e rs and t o re m in in g SG ; o r oont ere f a r in g as la b o re rs . 2 0 /
Tho len g th o f time those d ep artn eats liavo boon oetablieliod, using fiv e
y ears as a n ln in m , scored to Irnvo no e f f e c t upon th o percentage oi boys
placed in fa m in g o r r e la te d occupations.
Docauue those records wore requested in th e p a st p rim arily to discover
dHark I o n 'fmge' "I G gives t2iC*”Io< Lons o f a iT 'tl’ib" doparttenTe in
'to
SQ and s p e c ific s tlio dopartnonts tim t wore used in tito Sttriye
lOunoren include those who Iiavo f u l l ownership of a place or tn*e
a c tu.arlly
' in tlio process o f buying a l a m . "Heaters* include those wiio are
e lta o r m aaging a XSra or are ren tin g noro th a n 50 per c e n t o f t h e i r fo ra
lan d . "P artners* Include those who arc helping to operate a f a r a w ith a
d e f in ite ogrooaeat a s to percentage of incoae fro u t l a f a m o r given e n te r­
p r is e , a v a ila b le to th e n . "Laborers Include a l l those working, l o r wages
e it h e r on the Iiooe f a m o r o th er fa m e .
TABLE I . +-CHART SHOiVIUG VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE DEPARTiJEUTS
IB UOUTAUA AUD THOSE USED IU STUDY
MONTANA
PU NTW OO D
SCOBEr
s HE RI o AN
AGIER
LINCO
9
TOOLE
CU TBANK
WINOOK
LIBERTY
#
• SHELBY
•L IB B Y
HAVRE •
CHESTER
r
WNRAD
H
WTEAUy
I
BLAI NE
ROOS
+M ALTA
P H I L L I P S
ASGOW
sTM
O
Rl C H L AN
D
SID N E Y+
+ F O R T BENTON
K £
E V E L T
SfJOLF POINT
M C C O N E
ILSON
THOMPSON F AL LS
L EWI S
AND
CLAR
^NERAp3 MISSOULA
L I
GfylSSOULA
CIRCLE •
GREAT FAi
.SCA
STANFORD
JORDAN
FERGUS
PETROLEUM
• WIBAUX
JUO
WINNET T
PO W ELL
GOLDEN I
V A LLE Y
WHITE SULPHUR
^
SPRINGS
•S
W
Y E LLO W & Ip N E
----- >
jALLATIN
ROSEBUD
CUSTER
ekalaka
WBBL
[STILLWATER
LIVINGSTON
POWDER
PARK
RIVER
[COLUMBUS
MADISON
DILLOl
TREASURE
BAKER •
F A L L O N
FORSYTH
SWEET GRASS
I j e FFTRSON
SILVER L
***— OW^
B E A V E R H E A D
HYSHAM
BROADWATER
L O D G E / BUTTE
V
ULES CITY
• ROUNDUP
WHEATLAND
BOULDER
ANACONDA
VbEE Ry/
• TERRY
MUSSELS
MEAG HER
ODGE
RAVALLI
O A W S O N
CARBON
BIG HORN
BROADUS
9RED LODGE
^Vocational A griculture D epartm nts in LIontana
^ v o c a tio n a l A griculture Departments in Uontana used in th is study
-1 7 -
tho poroont&co end s ta tu e o f those g o ia- Into feumin,^, w r y l i t t l e oaa be
dir.oovorod about th o se colnc In to oItIiep re la te d or unrolatod oocupatloeis.
PliUMLaont r e s u l t e shown In ta b le I I oonpar© c lo s e ly w ith sim ila r stu d io s
rmde In Xiyonlni: end Utah,
Sen Eltolxiook discovered t h a t 52 per cent of fo m e r
stu d en ts in Wyoming were in fa m in e or re la te d occupations, Co; pared w ith
3ontana*e 56 raer c e n t. C l/
R esults obtained by Eark Hichols elaoHed a ploctKxmt o f 65 per cent of
Utah’s fo ro e r students of vocatio n al a g ric u ltu re in fam in g o r r e la te d occupa­
tio n s 2 2 / as caoparod w ith 51 p e r c e n t, th e n a tio n a l average. 2Z f
In o rd er t o d isco v er what fa c to rs oro m s t ln p o rta c t o r have tlio n o st
in . Iuenoo in n e stin g th e obJootlvo of placo:..ont in fa m in g , plooonout was
coci'Xirod w ith ra tin g s o f th e dopartnonts.
Since c lo w n Iteivic wore oelootod
a s ix^>ortant d iv is io n s or phases o f th e program o f v ocational a g ric u ltu re ,
p iuoopent r a tin g s were couporod to oaofa o f tlioao eleven I t e m .
C o rrelatio n
a n a ly sis was the nothod used to dleoovor th e degree of re la tio n s h ip th a t e x is t ­
ed. 2 4 /
I f tlio c o rre la tio n botw-eon plaoeueat and any o f th e lto o s i s high
onough to r e s u l t In a s ig n ific a n t 2 5 / c o e ffic ie n t o f c o rre la tio n , those I te a s
H
X
/
., I""/""'
Vy ..............
irt o V "
T uotit- - f i r s t P a c ific Ioglo: Vocational A g rlc u lta w Confere.w o, IiLc, public*
Bo. 2207, U* 5* Dept, of I n te r io r , O ffice of Education, Vocational D ivision,
Juno, 1030.
re p o rt of 2 1 st P a c ific Regional Conforonoo of Vo-Ag Leaders, p . 21.
2 3 / Lathrop, F. V., "E ffectiven ess o f Voeational Education in A g ricu ltu re",
F. D. T o r Voc, Eiluo., B ui. Ho. 02, Agaric. Sorios Ho. 15, 1355, U* 5 . Govern am t
P rin tin g G fiico , Washington, D. C.
2 4 / In ta b le V l n th e appendix w ill be found a eoqplote deseriptlcm o f
th e io m u la used end i t s oouroo*
23^ Host LaatIieaaticitaiL agree t h a t in ardor to bo highly s ig n ific a n t the
CoofifIc Io n t c o rre la tio n o u st be *0 or b e tto r mad in order to bo s ig n ific a n t
t h i s co rro latlo ei m e t bo .5 o r b e tto r .
■10-
TABLE I I . —AVERAGE PER CEBT PLACH31? OF DOTS TAXZSG OBE TEAS OR UORB
OF VOCATIONAL AGRICJLTOR!: IB 30 OEPATTmiTt IIi lomsBA
T otal IUKibcr o f boys tak in g ono year o r noro o f VocatlcmaJL
A g ricu ltu re
Total p er cen t o f boys t a t i a c one or rooro y ears of Voca­
tio n a l A g ricu lture
2230
100
T otal p e r cant l a fa m in g and r e la te d occupations
00.54
Total per c o s t fam in g
40.70
Per cen t fa m in g a s owners
13.34
Jo r co at xaralng a s re n te rs
1 2 .SG
Her ootrt fam in g as p a rtn e rs
5.17
Per OtHit fa m in e 60 la b o re rs
17.33
t o t a l por cen t In re la te d occupations and a g ric u ltu ra l co lleg e s
Por cen t in r e la te d oooupetiom
Per c e n t in a g ric u ltu ra l collogos
Total p e r cent in u n related oooupatiane in a o n -a g ric u ltu ra l
c o lle g e s
Per cent in u n rela te d occupations
Per cent In n a n -a g ric u ltu ra l co lleg e s
10.04
14.90
4.30
34.40
23.57
6.09
atgfcfc be ros an sib le to a dojreo Io r tlio pleeoaont of tra la o o o In fa ru in c ,
ComxLfitlon alono i s n o t an In d ica tio n o f causal re la tio n s h ip s .
Tho c o e ffic ie n ts
o f c o rre la tio n in t h i s Etudp oitoaod no rela tlo n o h lp e th a t wore s ig n ific a n t o r
h ig h ly C^Tiii1Io an t as can bo soon in ta b le III#
cI o a tc o f c o rre la tio n i s e n a ll.
Tho v a ria tio n between o o o ffl-
I h l s would soon to in d ic a te t h a t th e r e la tio n -
sliip to p iooouoat i s s la lla r #
L1WKi thougli th e o o rro la tio n did n o t r e s u l t in fig u re s o f sig n ific a n c e ,
botli a *x)slti'/o end a negative rolatlonsii_p wit!) plaoosxiat was Indicated*
Goqc I to re eoow to be c o rre la te d c lo s e r to plooenont tiien otlaers.
If aa»
way were a v a ila b le t o discover th e cum ulative o f fo o t of tlx) uo et ln f lu o n tia l
!to n s, noro Eignifioaat r e s u lts n ig h t
jo
obtained.
Tto ro c u lte obtuiaoa,
however, would eeca to in d ic a te t h a t fa c to rs n o st s ig n lflo a n t i n - Iacm n n t
wore n o t Included i n th e eleven !tone tmdor wliloh th e dopartnonte voro r a te d .
I t i s e n tir e ly p o ssib le th a t the n o st e ig n lfio a o t fa c to r could bo opportunity
f o r OBtobl I d o o n t o f yomg non i n fanning in a given o ouxm ity.
In a d d itio n
t o t i d e , th e ra tin g s uoro cubJootivo to begin w ith , end th ey d e a lt w ith a c tiv ity
over a period o f th e l a s t ton years#
Imvo had changes in In c tra c to re .
During t h i s tin e m ay o f th e dopartrXKitc
Domnds of o th e r oorviooc have romvod a g p ro al-
p a to ly o n e -th ird of th e in s tru c to rs In th e l a s t to n j&ara.
Sfaea in s tru c to rs
f r m tb 0 uott o r schools want in to d if f e r e n t f i e l d s , a general a liiftin g took
place throughout th e s ta te a s th e a g ric u ltu ro in s tru c to rs rxrvod t o f i l l
vacancies t h a t re s u lte d .
Suoh r e s u lts a s t t o above uore a n tic ip a te d a t tlso
beginning o f th e study, so plans wore made a t th a t tin e f o r tlio study of 149
young rmx in an e f f o r t t o discover th e s ig n ific a n t f a c to r s .
«20-
TADLE I I I , —TiS COBmCIDHT OP GOBBELATim BSTRmi BATHOS OP BLSVHl
IT E S 13 T m PjfIOCRAIj OF VOCATIONAL AGRIOULTmE CONSIDERED B iKSSttBf A5D THE PEBCEITAOE OF 30YB PL, CED IB PA3LII30 ABD fSSLATED
OCCUPATIONS.
! te a s Ratod
Cliop Ppogrea f a r p e st 10 i-oarc
^ctolcPlclonT
of
C o n fla tio n
—.13
A srlc u ltu rttl Proeren f a r th e p e s t 10 years
•43
SupoieVlsed P rsctlo o Prosron fo r tb o p a st 10 ;o u rs
•26
CIiop Equipuont f o r poet 10 yours
.21
Asricultm*al B pilpoM t fo r p a st 10 yours
.10
Ia s trtto to rc f o r p o st 10 years
.52
Deportucmt Loootl on
.14
Bsmiino Sebool Progrmn f o r Voo post 10 poors
.17
P a r t- tio o Stiiool Proyrea f o r tiio p a s t 10 yours
-.2 1
AddltlcmBl Follow-up Progren f o r t i s 'm st 10 yoers
.22
I'qz.-.jto Fur. iore o f Auorlca Pxegren f o r t : # p e st 10 yoers
.25
-C1‘
Plaocgaaat aad tlio ,^ r lo td tu r a l IVojrea
Plso InPluoaoo o f tl$o StjrioultusiOl parngpm as lndlcatod by tho c o rro la tlo a
o f o o o fflc io a t soooc to bo c re a to r tlaaa t l o lafluonoo o f otltor f a c to r s .
I s c o t o u rp ric in j wliea
#0
Pltio
know tlsat tid e lte ti Itao roooivod ooro attonticsa and
o f f o r t ta a tr d tx^nmesaeat titan stay of tlto o th ers over tl^ -j^ J ^ fc o n -y n w xirlo d .
Tnie aao Ita o lists taben tlio j r e s to e t m cssit o f tiu o o f V o a g ric u ltu ra l in stru c ­
to r and sieagr o f tb e otlior ltsm s aro r o d Iy sup:,'Iooontary to t h i s ono.
Pbe r a tin g
o f tlio a jr lo u ltu r a l projrar. took In to conoidoratian nethod* ucod In p re s e ttin g
uetorl& l and cubJoot n a tt e r , tie -u p of tlio pro&mi w ith tho oouuualty stud tiso
ha.so f a r ,0 , eonooml c o rre la tio n of su b ject n a t t e r , and o f fo o t Ivove so of f i e l d
work and carry -o v er o f c la s s in s tru c tio n t o tho horse fo ra ,
Dvcn though t h i s
c o r r e la tio n i s not s ig n ific a n t ( edG) tid e w r ite r beiiovos t h a t tho Influence
ocortod by tid e Itsm In placeuont Ie g re a te r than tlio r e s u lts would in d ic a te ,
flaeco o n t sad ti;o Suporvlsod Ivactio o ivo^rco
The Ito a having tho second ldghoot c o rre la tio n of c o e ffic ie n t I s tho ouporvlood practice prograa.
A Idgh r a tin g o f tlio cuponrloed p ra c tic e progren
ln d lo a tes t lia t som of th e young non In th e dop-arV^out haw ezoollont cuporvisod
p rae tlo o progrteis.
A student who has b u i l t up a su b s ta n tia l lu w zrtm n t in f a m ­
ing tlu-ough a growing, p ro fita b le p ro je c t prograa, i s n o t so lik e ly to do s o rt tlio
f a m f o r an in d e fin ite occupation.
Tiao m ajo rity of th e boys tlia t Imvo boon able
t o r a i s e funds and plan eucoescfuljy fo r a good prograa la t h i s rospoct a ls o have
tho a b i l i t y to advance in to co n tro l of an e n tir e f a ro .
Tlio a g ric u ltu re In s tr u c to r
devotes tho n a jo r ooount o f Ids tin o durin,,; th e cum or aonths to euporviso t in so
programs.
PIio c o rre la tio n In t h i s case Ctxdd Indicate tlm t th e Grupervicod ruo-
t ic o p ro g ra ; oxortod core lnfluonoo on pl aceme n t than m a y o f th o otlior f a c to r s .
.'Iaoonont and the ?uturo I_ar..'.orc oT VmorIca Iro ^ ra a
T1k> o o o fflo ie n t of c o rre la tio n fi^uroo rank tills a c tiv ity tiiird IaigH In
cCE^ierieon w ltli th e otlior fac to rs*
Tao IaTim noe o f tid e Ito n as lndloatod lay
tho c oofT lclo n t of c o rre la tio n Tlgurec as oceipared w ltii th o ot3ior ItO -e i s In
lin o w itii tho opinion of tid e w riter*
Sinoo, Hceovor, tho r a tin g in tid e Ito u
tokos in to co n sid era tio n th e work of th e o rg an isatio n a s i t has te e n iiolpfui to
th o o n tlro group, wo can ap p reciate th e reason f o r t h is c o rre la tio n .
Tide
o rg an isatio n ,line undouhtodly developed i n th e rdndo of .veny young acn , pride
in tlio occupation o f fa m in g and oonfldonce in t h e i r own a b i l i t y to suooood
In t h i s occupation.
I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o ooasure th o in f luoaoo which tiie organi­
s a tio n m y Ltfivo osortod i n th e dovelopoont of Tam o p e ra to rs.
This w rite r
fo o ls th a t tid e a c t iv i t y i s in f lu e n tia l only in c cub !nation w ith other p o rts
o f th e progrea o f vocatio n al a g ric u ltu re .
, looouout and tlio Vooationui M r!c ? d tu ro In s tru c to r
7! io v ocational a g ric u ltu re in s tr u c to r . Id s progroa o f follow ing up o f
fo ro er stu d e n ts, and tlic kind and amount o f equipment in th e f o ra shop t i e f o r
th e next place according to c o rre la tio n o f c o e ffic ie n t fig u re s .
Tlds w rite r
fo o ls t h a t th e in s tr u c to r ’ s Influence i s much g re a te r than tiiese fig u re s
in d ic a te .
Tho p a rt he plays in f e m u la tin g plan s f o r o th er p a rts of th e
program undoubtedly askos h ia acre I n f lu e n tia l i n plnoo n n t th an m a y o f Uis
o th er item s.
The in s tru c to r a s a r u le in Zlontana has boon noro e ffe c tiv e in
developing good programs of a g ric u ltu ra l in s tru c tio n , strong program of
supervised fa ro p ra c tic e , and a c tiv e fu tu re Faroor ch ap ters Uian he has boon
as a school p e rso n a lity tlia t so re ly cooes in c o n ta ct w ith th e boys,
ills
follow-up program o f counseling end giving a ssista n c e i s no h o tte r or no poorer
(xx the evorvgo ti'-aa ho Ic*
LIis InTlumeo on Tonaor students, oaco tlu:, I.uvo
l o f t coLool, depends upm h is a b ilit y , h is personality, and Lds shersotor
none than scso of Ids a c t iv it ie s , as fo r os tid e w riter can dotoir.Juaoe
riace^oirt and Tactorc that Gavo _a
.0
=Itivo Correlation
There are fear reeainin^ fa cto rs th a t shooed a p o sitiv e relationship to
placerent in Taraing.
The uu ortonco of oquipoont both in the shop and in
the agricultural rom i s underrtood but th e ir influom e Lms boon H uitod
because tiio;: are e ffe c tiv e only insofar as the lnetruotor and nothod of use
on prof.nxis o a i octod with tlmx are e ffe c tiv e .
I voninf: schools Lmvo not played
a uaro lnportaut rolo in plaoonont, probably because we have hold so few In
Goataim and because th e enrollment I s largely node up o f those already ei .ya od
in fa m in e .
The correlation between departuont location and porooutago of graduates
placed in fa m in g , i s m a t to the lowest p ositive correlation .
d e fin ite reason for t h is , perhaps,
There i s a
Th* ratin g cm location was given on th e
b a sis o f the d e sir a b ility o f typo o f fam ing curriod on in the patrmago area
o f th e department.
%e rating gave an Idoa as to type of Idio surrounding
agricultural ares.*
The sc Liools th at received th e highest ratings wore in t i e
b etter fam ing or ranching d is tr ic t s while those receiving the lower ratings
were In the poorer d is t r ic t s .
Altiicmgh t h is gave a location ratin g, i t did
not give sn expression o f th e opportunities for a young mm to enter the f i e l d
o f fa m in g .
Surveys o f schools are not availab le in su ffic ie n t nuabers to be
used a t the present tin * .
Department lmsatiosi should r ig h tly take into con-
s i dorut I on plucouont p o s s ib ilit ie s .
few est opportunities to beginners.
TLjo b est fam ing areas often pro rent t i e
■24laocKaont &:id Tacvor^ Ihut .'invo
lio ^ a tiw Correlation,
A nogetlvo ooolT lolent o f c o rre la tio n any In d icate t h a t tlao i t e a oorr e la te d
w ith place.-^ n t l a Tanaing end r e la te d occupations had noro InTluonoo In
guiding you.'G m n out of tlio f i e l d th an i t had in guiding th m in to the
Tiolde
TiiO author Toolo t h a t th is aln n e c o rre la tio n developed i n taio case of
p a rt- tin o oo oole i n th ie study*
P a r t- tin e tra in in g dovol„pod "by do-jiart a n te
o f v o c atio n a l a g rio u ltu ro in Ziontana Ims boon opened to botli tiiose lntorootod
in Tcruia;; and thoao poeaoGGlng l i t t l e or no Intoi-Ost in T a rtd a o
Glnoo uaz^r
p a r t- tin e ochools were W i l t around o lo c trlc end acotylaao w elding, autonotiv o r e p a ir , shoot n o ta l work, carp en try , wood tu rn in g and vocation study,
ae m a y o f one group wore la to ro sto d and atten d ed a s th e o th e r.
In a d d itio n
th e naJ o r ity of those f a n . boys i n te r s stod sad attoading wore already ostubllsa o d in fam in g in Gone c ap a city o r another and wero n o t oroditod w ith
Smviag boon placed because o f th e p a rt- tin e schools.
Tho second o f th e two negative c o rre la tio n s t h a t developed was on tiio
shop progrwn#
This la su rp risin g ; yot wl>en analysed I t nay bo accepted.
T rain­
ing in fa ro noohanios I s a L iila r to tr e in in c in o th er noolianioal f i e l d s .
It
Includes woodvfork, fo rg in g , o d d m etal work, :iotor and t r a c to r noobanics,
to o l o o lo c tio a , conditioning and re p a ir of f a m nuchinory and se le c tio n and
re p a ir o f t o d s .
I5ToTicioasy in th e above m y bo used to a good advectago
i n m o:line shops, garagos, f i l l i n g s ta tio n s , t i n shops, plte& ing shops and
shoot o c ta l works.
I n te r e s t in shop work o f th e rooim alcally ln o lim d m y
e a s ily d iv e r t in te r e s t toward one o f th e tra d e s r a th e r tlm n in to a g ric u ltu re .
Shops th a t a re e s p e c ia lly w ell equipped v itli nodem machinery t h a t i s f a i r l y
unoot-t XKi to tiio f a m are o ften b e tto r adapted t o tra in in g tradesmen than t o tlie
donrolopoonfc o f e ff io io n t f a r a oochaxiicc.
In sua .o rislnc r o s u l t t obtalnod on tills p a rt of tho cttidy, th e re a re a
nubLer o f coocluslonc t h a t can bo dresm,
Of th e lte a e considered* th e Agri­
c u ltu ra l ProcrtL.:, th e Supervised P ra c tic e Precr=L:, «ad tLo Future Pam or Procroa
seen t o oseert tiio ao ct influence in t ! » plaoenent of youn^ taan e n ro lled In
vocational Ot^rIoult .ro In to fam in g and ro lu te d oooupations In Zionfunsu, At
l e a s t t il l s Itos boon tb s case those p a st 10 y e ars,
Otiior fa c to rs tiia t nay ploy
a p a r t are th e a g ric u ltu ra l in s tru c to r and th e folioB -up progrtv: he o-jploys
on fo m c r stu d e n ts.
Tlio shop progrsea follywed and p a rt- tiy o school orgcuicotiou, tiiough
v alu ab le, sooiiod to e x e rt a negative Influence In placing vocational a g ric u ltu re
stu d en ts In to fa m in g end re la te d occupations.
Tlioso c o rre la tio n s w ill be given con sid eratio n In making fin a l rocoiuondatio n s fo r th e Luprovonont of th e progren of vocational a g ric u ltu re in Montana.
-26PAHT 2 1 2 .
STUDY OF 149 POSE-H TOCUinCBAL AGEICTJLrJPH SfOBBBS
TO DISCOVER FACTORS IDFLDKiTlAL 23 PLACE3ST
Roeulto out&iood tlirou^h t h i s study Isavo Leon divided in to C nouoral
headincsi
( I ) p e rs m a l importation;j (2) Isoets hook^roimd; (3) rosidaaoo,
strm er ocoupatlon and eupsrviood p ra c tic e pragm a w hile atten d in g high school*
(4) p resen t occupation and d e s ire Tm* Furtlsor education* (5) ev alu atio n of
tliO proaont progrars of vocatio n al A ^rioulturo* and (C) probloas oonfrontod.
TIw personal in fo ra a tio n secured oan b e s t be summrisod in c M rt fo rm
Deforo tSio in fo n m tio n
was
pu t in olm rt f o r a , th e group m s divided in to sir:
d iv is io n s and poreoutageo and n sabers were averaged.
The d is tr ib u tio n o f in d iv id u a le in to v arious occupations Ie s l n i l a r to
th e average of th e s ta te a s a whole.
This would in d ic a te t h a t the sauple true
re p re se n ta tiv e of tlie s t a t e .
Poraanal In fo m a tlo a
The average age of those engaged in fa m in g as owners i s 2C.7G y e a rs.
T i s GOOEiiS I car.
Since vocational O1^ i c i l t u r o Isas boon taught in Hcntam fo r
only a l i t t l e over 20 year#, th e o ld e s t f a m owners who have received such
tr a in in g a rc lo ss tlw n 40 years of ago.
Bo eIg n lfio a n t d iffe re n c e i s evident i n education, w ith ace exception.
Thoae engaged in farming or rel&tod oocupatiocs lave Iiad on overage of b.2
y ears o f tr a in in g In vocational a g ric u ltu r e , w hile those In both re la te d and
u n related oocupations Imvo had an AvcratJO of 1.53 years of tr& Lilnc in vooatlcn a l a g ric u ltu re .
TIie f i r s t group has had tw ice a s auoh training in t'w
su b je ct of v o catio n al a g ric u ltu re a s th e oooond group.
U
••2 7 «»
XABLn ITe-PEHSQKAL ZBFsMKIfICB COBCEr-IUK? 149 YOOSG IflS OF YHIS STUDY
I'&rn
lW n
QflTicrD re n te rs
Iteea
T otal Tv L ar
x ..Te
ID
v . 'Cf.
I e ,Cf-' 12.2S
or oont Pl c. .t . o f
149 Ind . Studied
Avge age In p ro .
AVge JTfl. IIeSeTe
• JTS. Voc. Te e /
-V .# .TB I:;
I". PeTeS,
Avg. y r s . in Agr.
Eraning School
cara
T olntcd
Iferoi1L
CC.: ... ' OOCUp.^
rX.' ororc
10
25
52
IG
39
12
4
17
13.5
34.5
12.7G
12
10.75
21,5
11
20
2w.7S
24
21.22
21.35
21.5
21.5
3.04
3.53
0.23
5.5
3.25
3.09
5.25
3.53
5 .0
3.25
2 .5
1.00
.52
.21
.32
.20
.57
.12
.00
.06
.07
.03
.OG
.05
•11
.14
.23
.OG
—
.00
&
Avg. jT8 in Short
Coureo
Avge y rs in College
Portnoro
.11
Oocup
_ • etonds for occupation
Unroi« stonde for unrol&tod
-Ic . stonde fo r pi ace*-sent
BUEeTe stands f o r IUsh Soliool training
Too* Te otands for vocational training
PeTeSe standB fo r p a r t-tiia ccliool
.10
IIono
c£ Those Foraor Vootitjoual ^ r l o u I t u r e Studoute
T o Lool^rtRmd BUG studied
ok
a nuiibor o f poiuite Iu &r„
to
d isco v er tlx» influoaoo o f Lam m d poremtc on so lo o tio a of an ooeupatiocu
The o tE rs rls e tio n of ti^ose d a ta Ie jlv o u i n ta b le V.
TIso evoraco Biso o f th o X toily in tills study ehosro bu t s lig h t v a ria tio n
between th e v a rio u s anploynect Qraupa9 With th e m fig u re a, we oan say ae f a r
ae t h i s group
i s conoemod th e avorago a lso of t i o feed Iy and the average
bor s t i l l a t bono hae had no approcluLlo a ff e c t upon t io choice of any o f tise
oocupatlonrj groups considered.
Thoro i s a g re a t v a ria tio n in tonuro on tho hone place aaong tlje groups*
Tie p aren ts of tho 15 men nos? fam in g a s owners Lavo spent, on th e average,
21 poors on th e p resen t f a r a , wliilo th e average t i n e spout Ly th e parents o f
th o 39 non now engaged in u n related occupations I s b u t 5 y e a r a* According t o
tlm d a ta r e coated In ta b le 7 , i t appears tlio rsoro otublo lias boon th e ten u re
on th e Iaxm f a r a , the b e tto r chance a young nan fro a th a t f a m Itas of develop­
ing in to a f a r - oaroor operator*
Those fa m in g &c p a rtn e rs u dor d o flu ite
agreoncut a t th e presen t tin e are f r a - f a a l l i o s th a t Itave sp e n t, on th e average,
17 years on tho hceto p lac e .
Thoso no® fa m in g a s re n te rs a re fro a fa m e tlm t
have been in possession of t h e i r f a a llio s on th o average of 11 yearn.
T joso
ongagod in a c tu a l fa m in g operations are f ro a fs e d lle # whoso average tin e
spout on tho hooo f a r a was 15-1/2 y e ars; w hile tl-oso Sn both r e la te d end
u n rela te d occupations uro fro a fa m ilie s tluxt have sp to t b u t 7 ',ears on tlte
p re se n t hem far.;*
Fron th ese date, i t would appear th a t oenersldp and tonuro
s ta tu e o f p aren ts on th e houo f a r a has boon in flu e n tia l in p lacouont o f a young
non i n fa m in g as a vocation.
SABLE V.—nOS. BACROROUaD OF 143 FOf:.: Tl VOCATI 'UAL AGPICOLTUEE
GTUDEtiTS AS RELATED TO OCCUPATIOHAL STATUS
Ito n
T otal Kuaibor
Avp. no. in facilly
Yarn
Owners
ID
4,6
Avge noe s t i l l a t
3*6
hooe
V e . VL.. VOnUi'C oa
21
prosso t f a m
Vj . UCI1 L OWiod OU
911
Iiooe f a m
AVQe a cres ren ted
215
on houe f a m
T otal a v . aoroc cm
1124
homo f a m
Occupation o f p a r­
e n ts in p o t,
IOv
F am ers
R elated Occup.
U nrelated Oceup.
E n te rp rises on Ivaos
f a m in pet*
S inclo cash ontor­
prieo
Two o r nore casli
e n te rp ris e s o /
Eoutoro
18
riaita
Tortiiors
25
:
.
32
Eolatot
3ccup.L /
10
Oooup.
39
6.3
5.4
4.0
6.1
4.0
4.2
3 .0
2.4
3.1
2 .4
11
17
15
9
5
204
047
319
80
40
769
319
120
14G
87
975
HOC
446
223
127
94
6
OS
7
84
10
45
39
10
26
42
CO
16
32
12
19
84
GC
30
31
%/ 1Sirole stands fo r u a re lated
W Oooupe star.de f o r occupation
a / A e ln jle cash ontorprieo re fe rs to a f a m Uvat derives tiio l a r ^ i s t e.jare
of I t s Ineauo fron one cash crop car liv o sto c k e n te rp ris e e Two or acre c ad i
o n to rp rlso c Iaoerle a fa m wli-oro th e m ajority o f tho oaaL lncoiti i s derived
fro n two o r .a r e cash crops w ith a d d itio n a l d iv e rs ific a tio n in tlie way of
sapplm ontory or u in o r crop and liv e sto c k o n to rp ris e t.
-30Tlaj aa&xxt o f Isod owned and th e ezaamt ronfcod on tb o Iiouo fa ra cootie t o
Iiolp decide in p o rt eb o th er a yomg m n w ill f a r e a t lo a a t in tbo b e rim in g
a s an a m o r, realtor, p a rtn e r or la b o re r.
Those ZmnainQ now a s owners and as
p a rtn e rs a rc fro n hooo fem e having tb o g re a te s t avororo owned ao os i n th e
a g jro g a to .
Thlc secoc lo g ic a l cinoo larg o scroagoe of owned land by a S a a ily
ohould ic ^ ly t h a t tbo chanoo of AttB d iv is io n in tbo case of oemorsliip o r
o n to rp riso d iv is io n in th o caoe of a fa tn o r end son partnorcolp i s g ro ato r tl-aa
when b u t s n a il eoroageo nako up th e hope f a r ...
TIioeo non nos? fa m in g a s rontorc aro fro n f m l l l o e t e a t ren te d on tlio
avomgo o f 7CO aoroe of tbo t o t a l f a m t h a t thcry o o n tro llo d .
Tills fig u re i s
tho Xargost avorsgo aoroe ren te d by any one group end would in, Iy th a t tho non
rontlni; have foilc-vmd ra th o r c lo s e ly th e pr&otioos In o p eratio n on th e bone
f a m a s f a r a s ownership i s conccmod.
Fam la b o re rs are f r m f a r m having
n o t oaly th e anal l o s t average aggregate aoroe b u t a ls o th e le a s t otvned
aoroe.
Tlds would coon to In d ica te th a t Loye ra ise d on s m l l uadtc wore
fcffood o ff o f th e hens fa ro s by noooceity of supporting tlionoolvee and aooop-iod
jobs in tho f lo ld in which they Imd th e n e a t oxporlonoo and tra in in g .
Tuooo
In both re la te d end u n related oecup&ticsis were f r m th o c a a llo s t avorago cisod
Akrooe
Tho forrm r wore f r m fa m e w itii an average t o t a l aero ego of 2fQ aeros
and th e l a t t e r Zron fa m e o f an average o f 127 a ero s.
She Euctxoyr o f t$» r e s u lts o f d a ta p e rta in in g t o occupation o f tho p a re n ts
In ta b le V shows c le a r ly th e e f f e c t o f t h i s f a c to r on occupational choice.
Of th e 19 i n group fa m in g a s owners, IQO por oont wore f r m fa ro s operated
by t h e i r p a re n ts .
K inoty-four por oont o f tb o parents o f those now fa m in g as
re n te rs were fa m in g and Q por oont were i n r e la te d occupations.
Of those
—31m
fam ine 1X0 p^rtaare, 93 por cent o f tW parents mtro fam in e and 7 por cent
wero in related ooo-jpatlons.
Pnrontc o f fa m laborers wore found to Lo A m -
ine to tijO exten t o f 34 pmr cent and in rolatod occupations to tbo o z tm t o f
16 por oont.
b'non vo turn to tbe ^roupe in related and unrelated oooupetlcne, wo fin d
an e n tir e ly d ifferen t
lctu ro.
divide theueelve* a s follows*
Tsyo parents o f thorn in related ocoupatiooe
45 por cent in fa m i% , 39 por coat in related
occupations end 16 per cent in unrelated occupationsj while o f the parento of
tie e e in unrelated ocoupatione, 26 por cent arc fam in e, 42 por cent arc in
related occupations, and 32 por cent are in unrelated occupations.
T.nds o f enterprises e rletln p on tiie hoots fam did not vary witii ciicmpoo
in occupational choice,
Hcoo fam e th a t wore rented depended
ore on a S in jlo
cash crop then fern s that wore owned. TThoet i s tin n ost oemon cash crop
reicod ,
Of th e factors oonaidorod under the beading ltHceio Background o f TJioco
149 fom or 7o a ti anal Agriculture Students", t?» following eoou to have boon
iost inf lu en tial in plaooaont: ocoijxtticxi of -X1Tonto, owaorciilp status on
the Isotio p lace, end tenure cm the hone p lace.
- i r i z i ; at
The e lse o f the A a i l y
oao and type oi' ajrle-ulturo . n t Iced on t u ho o fa r
mo
to
hove l i t t l o or no inl'iuenoe on the occupational statue o f tliooo 141) you:. ; non.
Fi ndings ti nt recultod fr e e th is d iv isio n of the «$oond part of tlio studw ill be duly considorod in developlnj rocamsndationc fu r tie r <xu
Hoslcance, t-x nor Oooupi-;.iont ted ^ g e rv lo o d 'ra o tic o Pn^preci
IjfsyrioSrtuiiAO
I S j l i JcirooT
"
-h ie d ivislag: of th e study d eals p rin a rU . wltli onvironuont, job oxporionco.
TABLE V I.— r.;::IDE3Cr. AM) OCCtJPATIOS OT 149 M S DT OCCUPATIONAL
osoupina while atjusdisg cion school
^cci :fo"nco ' '5ccupaL
tlaaB cixilo in DUS.
Turn
Omorc
i’Vro
.'.ante re
T a ro
% ro
:t*rtnorc LaLororc
loleuoc
Oocup.
Oocup.
T otal !Judbor
19
19
25
52
IC
39
!ocidonoo
' IL.. own .'a:ill;,- on
Uotne f e r n
12
10
14
IC
Q
9
V lt:. own -.x.11v- In
teem
3
5
4
4
2
25
Hot w it:. am Tacdly
<xi fa ro
I
3
—
I
Lot w it:, own T anlly
in toon
3
Occupation
On He F. w ith d efin ­
4
i t e a l l vwMieo Jtyz
Not an H. F. w ith
d e fin ite ellovenoo 15
On fa ro o th e r than
hm o f a r o
I
In t own
I
titf H. Fe stands fo r haao faro
3
7
9
8
4
4
5
3
I
2
12
IC
10
G
7
2
3
6
2
3
I
S
O
27
•53-
and a c t i v i t y i n dovolopine a sjp orvicod p r a c tic e p r o e m - during th e rocaodery
soliool a c o ,
Date, on rooidonoe and sucner occupation e r e cit..iaricod in ta b le
tl.
I ocidoxioo w h ile a tten d in g high school v&rioo cml; w ith cliengoo i n t h e
p aren tal oooupatiotm l rocld onoo.
Duriag th e porlod tlm t to y s are In high seh ool
tiio se r a is e d in te e n e r e nore ap t t o work In th e country than are tiioso r a ise d
in th e cou n try o f working In town.
The group r a is e d on fiscal l o r f&rxio arc uore
a p t t o work tamy f r m hone in th e earner t i r e tiyan tiioco r a is e d on la r g e r
fo rn a .
The b ig o a jo r lty o f fo ra r a ise d boys worked a t ham during th e cues n r
vfltliout a d c - in it o a llo tmnoo.
Of tiao e n t ir e group, 47 per c e n t worbod on t i n
hoao f a m w ltli an in d e f in it e allow ance; 13 p er cen t worked on th e hern fo r a
w ith a d e f in it e allow ance; 11 per cen t worked on fa r o s oth er than the hosas
f a ro , and 39 per c en t worked in town.
N eith er th e resid en ce nor suausr o c c u ^ t lo n sotned t o have any e ffe c t upon
placem ent in f arming in a d d itio n t o t h a t OKpreased by background.
The suporviexx! p r o c tle o program, c a r r ie d by th ese in d iv id u a ls varied
g r e a t ly in e l s e , scop e, and general r a tin g .
i s EhiOSTU in ta b le 7 1 1 .
A e c o p lo te eeauory o f data .jatliorod
The a m engaged In a c tu a l forming c&rrisal p r o je c ts in
.dgh cohool th a t wore su p erior to th o se c a r r ie d t y ntin now ongt^ od in e it h e r
r e la te d as* u n rela ted ooouxw tlans.
E ating o f t i e p r o je c ts c a r r ie d by th o se
w ith in t i e farming occu pation d i s c i o eee t h a t SB per cen t o f th e h ig h ecliool
p r o je c ts c a r r ie d by p r e se n t fa r o ownore ra ted average or b e tto r ; t h a t BO per
c e n t o f th o high sch ool p r o je c ts o f p resen t fa r o partners ra ted a s ovorcyo
or b e t t e r ; t h a t Cl p er c e n t o f th e high m iio o l p r o je c ts o f p resen t fa r o ren tero
ra ted a s average or b e t t o r , and th a t 60 per c e n t o f tiio high school p r o je c ts
TA3L2 V II.—SUPERVISED PRACTICE PROCEAU OT THE 149 23ES
WHILE ATTEQDIZjG ZBCE SCHOOL a /
Ih itln g , lr,vo;ji. .ont Farn
and Ownership
Otmors
Ho. : Cf.
T otal
Supervised Praotio o Progra-u:
E xcellent
10
Pem
re n te rs
Cu. I Cf.
ICO IG 100
u■
Partnora
ho. Cl.
Pem
LuLororo
Po. ■Cf.
Poltvfcod vuroT.
U C -: .
CO. I. »
Po. PCt: Po
20
100
22
100
IC
100 30 100
C
Zl
2
H
C
24
5
IC
2
12
6
Good
G
42
4
22
0
24
3
9
3
19
G IS
Average
3
15
5
20
5
20
8
25
2
13
c- 15
F a ir
I
G
4
22
4
10
G
19
5
51
9 23
Poor
I
C
3
17
4
10
10
31
4
25
A v,. In v s t. in P.
on leaving .G .jy
Vcl. Ownership in
v . w e ...
.
$410.38
02
$301.
02
17
44
$429.57
$103.00
$ 07.07
$ * 3.22
78
44
30
33
A r a tin e of th e procr&n o f supervleod p rsc tlc o proem :; was node an tbo
TolloeinG b a s ic . A proerun. t h a t not
s ta te roquiro-iontn aa to econo
and i n a d d itio n p ro g ressiv ely oalarcod In scope and in clu sio n of eupplem atary
crops an. H vogtook e n te rp ris e s , and t!ia t th a t was s e l f owned and fin a n c ia lly ”
p ro f ita b le was c la sso d a s an e x c e lle n t supervised p ra c tic e Sregraa. Gao tlm t
n e t EjiciatEi s t a te roquiroaontc as t o scope and in a d d itio n procrocolvely
enlargod in scope and th e In clu sio n o f eupplonentarp crops and liv e sto ck e n te r­
p ris e o and was f in a n c ia lly p ro fita b le vac r a t 'd as good. Scpervieed ra c tlc o
progra; 4j t h a t n o t n i nl aun s ta te requim aonts wore classed a s f a i r . Supervised
p ra c tic e proip*aus th a t d id not ao et tlie a ln in a a s ta te roqulm uontc or tZie
ro q u irm o n te o f any of th e above were graded as poor.
Avg. In v st. in P . on l i v i n g H.S. stands f o r evurago In v o stm u t in fa m in g
on leav in g high school.
-5 5 o f f&ru laborors rated ac aWraijQ o r b etter.
Ia the ease o f thooo sii-agod
in rei&tod occupations, 44 por coat o f hl&a eobool projects rated os avort v.o
or bettor * .11» tlioso In mspelatod oce potions Isad 55 per cen t o f tb slr pr ,Joots
In tl,e nw rejo or better c la s s ,
oobool
FSsk ; oomire bad only S per cent o f th e ir high
roJocto In tlie poor c la s s ,
*Zioee onjajsd la uorelotod ooeu: atlons
carried supervised prccticse prorra. -c tiiat rated In the poor c la ss 44 por cent
o f th e tin e .
She a lso , scope, and success of the supervised practice projru
undoubtedly
depends oa a ncriber o f factors Including the haze fa m , th e attitu d e o f the
panmtc touarc, t h is type o f a c tiv it y , tiai a a llticc is o f the boy
sek!
tiio per-
eicteaco and entuiueiasa o f the a.^rioultui-al in str u c to r .’ Iio w rtia lo so , those
u ltin a to ly placed in farming carried t!so best prograue in hlgli school, so we
ewi give weight to the ini'iuonoo of the cuporvioed p ractice proeraa in piecing
boys In fam ing*
An OKCOllent pragra::; of ouporvlsod tiim inc pructloo does a c t always r esu lt
In a !err,-© invostpoat in fara land, cqul - ient, good, H w etocz;, or aupplloc
upon grad ,ntitm Cran high school.
$$» not proceedc m y haw boon diverted
Into a fund fo r further education. Into a savings account, or they nay have
boon spent to finance procent education or for t]jo support o f the A u iIy .
however, in the case o f those 149 sen studied, those magapod in fam ing had an
average iziw steont in fam ing upon leaving oefcool o f £512,89, w hile those in
related and unrelated oocupaticms developed
upon leaving scliool.
iki
awnage investment of £44.19
The I w avorago Inveatrxint of the second group can
p a r tia lly be accounted fo r by the fa ct th a t m ay o f the uon in t h is groq?
aoexa.-.Itetod nothing tisrough th e ir supervised practice prograus.
Omershlp In eupervleed pjraetle© procren was pro contod la table VII as
esx &vcr&co n -u r o .
«1
A 70 per cent ownership ri.^urc indicated th a t the Loys -md
avora-o osm rehlp inton. et in the suporvicod practice pro^rm of 73
or
cent or th a t ae on avom^o, 78 Loye out of IDO o nod 100 por coat o f tlielr
auporvtood pm otioo procreiie.
O e a m M p woe often IndIootod by the simro of
net returns ^oi ig to th e boy Vrasi tlio ontorprlsc or codbim tlon of enterprleee*
7130 ownership figure o follcsrod very olocoly tlio Invootuant In fansing fig u r e s.
Dooh a correlation would lndloato th a t tlio Incentlvo and p o s s ib ility acctu ab­
la tin g or productively Investing accumulated capital increased as tiio ;>oroon~
tape o f cemereMp increased.
Projects carried noroly to root the roquirouonts
o f the course in vocational agriculture stand a poorer clcnco o f saakiar; a
p r o fit than tiioce developed with the idea o f aahlcg scoa m ney or "growing
in to fam ing".
Larger returns frex; sd f-oun ed projects nay have resulted
fr m Lioro in te r e st, cocsoquently :.oro oare.ul planning and accuracy in
nen&Cerlal a o tiv itio e .
Oeoer,hip ® qud to bo one o f the factors th a t.Influoncos
the degree o f success in ti.o
bv porvicod
practice pro_.ro.. and the supervised
practice pragma in turn a ffe c ts placcu it In fam in g.
I r ecout Occupation rod Dcciuu fo r I u r t i c r I C ucatian '
Charts 4 t o 7 have included th e grouping of tliose 149 wen by occupation
in to d s groups, na c l y , fa m cracrc, fa m ren ters, fans partners, farm
laborers, tliooo engaged in related occupations, and those engaged in unrelated
occupations.
The poreor.tare d ietrlixition o f these sen in to tiaa groups i s
vorg' s i l l i e r to t i c Flcntana average obtained in Use f i r s t pari of t h is study.
A great variation ocslsted as to U c uajor types of enterprises adopted by
t h is group.
The group in fa m in g tixxvod a tondeicy toward selectin g outer ric es
-3 7 -
eL'tUar to tiioso on t :* lioao fa r o .
I f th e oi'.ter-jriae solectod In the euper-
viced preotiee proem i was one adapted to the eomonlty and the hooe f* m and
i f ti e youse oea 1* 0 « » located In the oocctinllgr u m
there wae & ood el aaoe th a t ti-o
prleD on UiO newly acquired fam »
hl^L etisool,
rojoot would doirelop in to t i» uajor editorI f the project wee eolectod \
the boy to
#up,ilonont s a c o f the cmJor ontorpriecc on tli© home f&m, t l * olsiixco of tixle
Sttppleaeatwry onterprleo beoailnc the imjor eofcerprlee on fc’ie boy’ s cam far,>ia s tm it la te r on tme poorer tlmzi the ehaaee of t h is enterprise booooia;; agtite
an enterprise sup .-Iosnentary to the oajor ea tvrp rieo of the eooraoity.
B r tw -
prlcee s Qlootod a s supervised practice programs t a t were not adapted to the
con 'unity or did not f i t in to the fam ine plane o f the hone f&m worn Um
entom ricos ca&rrlod over the shortest jieriod. of tim e.
I t was with ontorpriooc
o f t h is Mnd that the proato st aoount o f efcsuye oocurrod.
The 94 non out o f
the to ta l o f 149 that are on fam e a t th e present tin e aro fam ine femes# acres
a t pro omit thar. ore being u tilis e d on the bens Huruv This was ospcwlally true
of t iose fa m ily as owners.
Slztee Iiiotory o f successful faruors in -Tmnfn;■»
Shows th a t the home ffcm Mtreati O i s b u ilt op Iy euoccecive W cition s o f area
w aits, t h is een be understood.
The begizmerti in the f ie ld o f fam ing and
esp e cia lly the renters aro at present producing a Idgiior peroentege of cash
craps than i s
reduced <m the Iwxae p iece.
L Ixtyfou r per cent of those .ien
are fam ln,; in the c o a a m itleo in wldoh tliey wore raised which would eoo i to
ind icate th a t tlieir b est chance o f .^etting in to farsdng l i e s c lo se to ham,
Reasons given for enXerhi- the present occupations wore nuneroua.
bulk o f tiio re&scms, Ixxrover, f e l l in to two d iv isio n s.
Tl*
TIiirtyfcxir per cent
gave tiio reason th at tiiey were In tiso occupation Locaugo tl$ey lik ed ti.e work
- 33-
or Ilv la t- con d ition s.
Forty-cm por coat rave the roaeon that tlio opportunity
presented l t s o l f and they had no crtlior ch oice.
entered the occupation fo r various roceans.
The rOoalnlnt; 25 por cent hod
Sooe Locauco they lmd Inherited
a p lace, ea e nore Loouuse they wore f it t e d fo r nothing o ls o , others Lecause
o f parental request and s t i l l others because tliey could car could not stand
to work in sid e or Loonuco the ocoupntlm paid a Calaryr.
A ll those enGOcod in related and unrelated ocoupationc had nedo attempts
to firol work and w ro successful in obtolainj tlio «m e.
Thirty-one per cent
o f t h is Gtioo croup would lllao to fcum i f tliey could ^ot the "ri^ tt JdLadw o f
a place or I f tliey had a place,
"lie uaJorlty o f t h is croup wore working fo r
WSt-OB booauoo wages provided a t le a s t a steady Incc a anti, a certain Kiomzt of
secu rity .
Chances fo r advnnooueat wore good in 17 por cent o f those oases;
f a ir In 53 por cent of the cases; and poor In 30 per cent of the c a ses.
A
sun; jurlcatian o f th e typos of Jouc hold ltklioatod no d o fin lto trend as to
type o f oooupatien chosen.
I t was evident that t Isqbo nan took Jobe that
wore availab le and odvaaood Lecoueo o f a b ility to f i t t hanselvoe t o till*
particular Job.
Those ongegod in fam in g had attempted in 25 por cent of fcise
oases to fin d work Leforo end during th o lr oholco of fa m in g .
The attempts
monad to Lo anothor half-hearted vonturo e it li no opoclal a c tiv ity In propera­
tio n fo r a d e fin ite p o sitio n .
Sixty—eigh t por cent had orporionoo in working
a t odd or abort period jobs an farm o t.o r them tlio hoao fa m .
TamlnG in
saso cusos was accepted as the la s t resort and was looked upon as no re Iy &
ta g e r cry occupation pending develop; KEitc in o tie r field s*
The nuJorlty o f
tliooo In fam ing a t the proeont tin e would quit fam ing I f they could find a
pormnMit "wall paid” job*
Security end returns in proportion to e ffo r t soon
- 33-
to Lo v L v - o Oa =*oy of those ontc riv,_ ^‘ur. h:....,.
”ho data pertaining to d esire and opportunity fo r furtlior education are
atsi Artscd i
tab le VIII*
Both deeiroe end ori, ortunitioo to furtiboar th e ir
oducntlcm were s i J la r auong the occupational groups.
Qf th e todal nu ibor o f
143, 49 wlclied to attend o o lle -o w hile only 37 of tiio ont ir e (ppoup had t l »
oppwtunlty and funds.
in tliic
C a go
I fool tho resu lts o f tiie quostlcsmairo rat «or doubtful
for tlse reason tiaet vory l i t t l e c o lleg e attoadonco resulted oven
witli a t o t a l o f 37 opportunities out o f 140.
TIie peculiar observation was th a t
tIioco sdio wished to attend could not end those th a t had the opportunity and
ftrndc did m t wish to attend.
Fonaor Student E valuation o f tlio hroront Prograu Ctf
TobatlohjiX A g^cultu:%
In on attonpt to ti locovor woa.uioccoo and strong pointe o f tho propmti as
observed Ly those ooo-tlno p articip an ts, questions wore asked to bring out - a rts
o f tho oourdo that vono uoct and Kkaeo tlm t were le a st h elp fu l.
In addition,
a question was asked to dotomlno wiut additional training or lnform tlon
tho go non doclro.
As a r u le , those studios dealing witli enterprises now being operated by
tlis Individual wore considered m a t Iiolpful.
For exsupla, a young nan operating
a doir-y o a ttlo and hog combination fa m a t tlie present tin e in Fergus County,
f e l t th a t tho study of liv e sto c k enterprises sad p articu larly tlio Imy and dairy
entorprlcoe wore most valuable to bin.
Another young nan In tills sum oom ty,
who graduated fron the sane high eoltool tin sum year, and who Is now wheat
farming in tbo sane oocxamlty, f e l t that ttio study o f the crop enterprises
and o sp o cia lly wheat vac most valuable to him.
Those vho are conducting
operations wiiicui Involve tho uco o f a great deal o f machinery a l l nontlonod
- 40 -
TAI LK T i l l . —DESIRE AHD OPijORTUHITY FOfi THE 149 MEH TO ATTEUD
COLLEGE ACC0FJDIH3 TO OCCUPATIOEAL GROUPING
Desire and Op:or.
to a tte n d College
Total
Faru
Owuors
Far;. i
Fentors
P artn ers
Fam
Laborers
Related
Oocup.
Jnrof.
Oocup.
19
18
26
32
IG
39
6
7
8
7
6
15
15
11
17
25
10
24
Opportunity to a t tor id
c o lic e u ou grad.
Pro.: n i .
• .ool
8
3
7
6
4
9
IC
18
26
12
30
Dosire to a tten d
Coile c upon grad,
from FIgh School
Ho d e sire
k
Ho op o rtu n ity
10
«"41'
the fa m shop prograa fcc
odd
o f tljo .,ust helpfu l unite o f lnatruotiocu
Iu
jonorol, la lrrlratgd sections* liv esto ck outarprieoe end tho study of
Ir r i5jOtod casii imd food crops woro ooosidorod as tho aoct valuable parts of
the course o f in stru ction ,
In dry-lcmd W aat ooctlonc, tlio ctudv of dry-laad
crop production and the fa m shop ceouod to be ooncidorod noct valuable.
Factual m to r la l of a nature tlaat ruude i t s ro ten t I on d i f f i c u lt , thmtjh
often lis t e d as important, wee lis t e d os of doubtful value.
Upon further
questioning zmzrj o f the nan f e l t th at th o ability- to fin d tho needed Informa­
tio n in roforonooe, in lib r a r ie s , or by inqulrinc at the r ljb t aouroo was more /
important than p artial namorisatlon,
The reason given was th at correct
procedures In obtaining desired information fa c ilita te d the p o s s ib ility o f
Improvement In Iaiowledgo in almost an uni lu ltod f ie ld .
Qtalts o f study that
provided e ; perLcnoo end practloe in l i f e l i k e situ ation s rooolved more favor
timn Jictivitiea lim ltod to tho c lo se roan.
Mne non engaged Ir. fam ing lis t e d
SUggectlotM end advice given Irj th e ajriou ltu ral instructor a s being very W lpfu l in solving sooo of the problems enoomtorod In
ottii% in to fam in g.
71» group t&Mt i s now employed in related and uuroiatod occupations aeouod
to p re fe r u n its th at laave proven useful in t l » i r pro sent oocu^mtion.
Those
o f t h is group Iu awjhanioal trades lik e garage mechanics, f i l l i n g station
opera to re, p i tabors and carpenters stressed the faro shop program as being most
u sefu l t o them.
Three nan working in oI ovato rs f e l t th at livestock feeding, liv esto ck
rations amd grain grading Iiad boon c a st h e lp fu l.
A tir o Ealecuua lndioutod
that 1» had node m e t use o f a unit on tho study o f fa m machinery* A sales: nn
for a typewriter oonco n f e l t th a t kooping o f project records rmdo bln h otter
—42—
ablo to Icoop h ia
go counts
and cedes s tr a ljh t.
IIiroo clerks in e m ll tes-n
,procor^- stores clioclcod mu'ketln^, project record keeping end Ilw ctoo^ n u tri­
tio n ue being; in ortant.
I s tlio jejority oT cacec, u n its were chocked as
valuable when ueo eras nade of the s k i ll s a c q u ir e , tk.o p r sc tlc e s reoaiasndod,
or tiie in fe r at!on proeentod*
In cuitwer to t!ss question, tu ic t purto o f your course Itsse boon le a s t
Iiolpful ?” aoncluaione sim ilar to tbo abovo nay bo drrara,
fhe otudy o f un-
adaptoc entorrr is e s , unusable s k illc , end inapplicable p ractices has boon o f
H t t lo valu e, according to the ^roup studied,
Tlw study o f llvostook entorprleec Giouch admitted to bo lntoroctine m s
lis t e d as Seine le a s t Iiolpful to those encaged in c tr ic t ly crop fam ine*
Jadginc: o c tiv itio o both la the f ie ld o f crops and th e f ie ld o f Hveatock vero
rated as very in terestin g but only in f lee eases eat o f 149 eere they lis t e d
as tho moot IielpfoU
Ayadn, p o s s ib ilit ie s o f application maviod to bo Gw
factor th a t decided th at tho study o f a certain unit was le a s t helpful to tlse
individual*
Without a doubt, tho biggest problem coal'r-.antia,;, a l l those non Ic ono o f
secur it y
can I do that w ill not ao a steady lncoac and. provide p ossi­
b i l i t i e s fo r Bdvanoeucnfc?1* Thoco tdic arc fam ine discovered that one o f th e ir
Mggisfc problais m s g ettin g possocaioa o f a fa m Gmt provided o c c ib ilitio e
o f m king a liv in g ,
Usdor t h is largo proldea BHny c lo s e ly related onoe
dovolo:x>d, suds as fln e n c iii;, purchase of oquiinnont, rcGtockl%, building, and
uanag' r ia l proMeas in planning liv esto ck and cropping system which would
r e su lt In a liv in g I ikickjo plus a cask taooas to msefc peyaento on the in te r e st
and principal and spec i f Io problem o f fam in g oln raotoriotlc to a given place
- 43-
QF Od--^amltv',
Joet help la solving th e pr&jlcuc coouod to eooo frou the
IadlvldueJ »s p&reatc,
I w parents oooood aoet aTtam to Lo able to help in
oltlm r Lqyia^ or rent in,; a wliolo or part o f the plaoo.
ia S
Jnporioaco and tr a in -
H ete d as Important foe tore in helping to am t the problem th at aroco,
Of those not faming* "flndlnj and holding a job" was given as the Mg
prohlo
The general procoduro foUotrod
ttbc
to taho
Atovor j db was availab le
a t the tlzio «sd then oceitlauo to look for a Letter one,
IIio problem o f f i t t i n g
Jmimolvos fo r a sp oolfio job , though nentlom d, tzac not oonaidored the m e t
Important,
Farther di sou scion witl* the individuals Intorvloerod brought forth
the outlook th at preparation fo r a p o sitio n which did not e x is t was rather a
hopeless ta sk .
This group ooauod in terested in lea m lry ndre about tiio job
in which they w r e e ployed in horns that i t would develop Into sooethlng b e tte r .
?i» group in fam ing wished to understand nos* c le a r ly - f i r s t , purpose
and operation o f govemaontaj agencies Conoentratin g on the iuT>rovomnt of
the situ a tio n of the f tumors second, fe rn rxumgajant and uorlooting; and tliird ,
uore information and s k i ll in operating & sp ec ific fora en terprise.
Suuatry
In msx jin.tlxiQ rosu ite In t ills , the second, part of the study, a nutiber
o f oorml u s i one m y bo drawn,
I.
^ariSEfcion in egos between fsasa laborers, fa m jmrtoors
fa m oxmer#
wGaild indicate th at time© non receiving training in vocational agriculture
hove boon using th e T a r : ladder netiiod of g ettin g lo ta fam ing",
2# Iio sig n ifica n t difference in t m ining i s evident among too various
oocupatlom l groups Witii one azooptioa.
received an average o f
years
Hiooe actually engaged in fam ing Iiave
La vocational a g ric u ltu re , M iile
—44 *»
Uioso I s related and unrelated oaoupi.tlcms iaivo roooivod an avora^o o f I «55
years o f t r a l s l s j In vocational acricu ltu ro.
3* Iifai frota fam e th a t have the highest poroteitaG© o f aeood iszsl are
ro ro ep t to f&ra than tlioao fron fam e ei»ro oBsorelilp statu s i s Ioiror.
4 . Long toimro o f tiro parents Ic rtore Induolvo to piecing the boye o f tiro
f e a il. in fam ine than a drort period o f torairo.
5 . Tiro nusa&or in tho fa n ily ond tiro nasabor s t i l l a t Ixxro soon to have
little
if foot cm tiro oholoc o f f em lng a s m occupation,
G* Pcaidanco -Jhllo attending high solroo! eoo&e to hew l i t t l e or no
e ff e c t co the choice o f fam ine as on occupation.
7 . The type o f oooupatioo d-jrin;;; tiro sttn or, though variable Wtmwm tiro
groups eoorrod to exert l i t t l e or no lnfluoncc on plaotr.ro: ;t.
0.
Future occupation could bo predicted to a dogroo by caosidom tlon o f
Uro ra tin ' o f tiro eupervieed practieo progra
2,
th e typo of fam ing pr&otiood by m individual m e influozroed to a
groat extent Tsy the type of fam ing practiced on th e Ixxro fo r a and t o a lo sse r
extent by h is oupervlcod practice pro, m , in high so ool»
10. Prestmt occupation o f tlroee individuals Iros boon influenced by the
occupation of tiro parents, opportunity, in te r e s t, and ox oriovroe.
11. Tiro create rt proLloa oncountorod Sn gettin g into fam in g vac one of
financing the purchase of a far.*.
12. t b it s of courses In vocational agriculture discovered to be n est help­
f u l are those that are ##&pWl and oaployollo to tiro present fora or occupation.
13. % iits o f courses In vocational agriculture lic to d a s le a s t u sefu l or©
tlroeo xmadantod in applicable dlviclasie.
«*45—14.
Joet o f flieeo non arc lntoroetod In Ioam int; ways o f ir^>ravin tlio ir
eocKiritye
V
-
40-
iv. a?sc«e£-samo9as pon
or nr, Errici^acy
is iuusEimr or your;: ism ssm is mzmc
IS THE VDCATICmL AOBICtJLTUHE EBPAICjBgT OP «nnT*Ti'-
T d s otMy o f 30 vocational ayiou ltiu -o dopartnontc in t'to high schools
o f .,(Xitanc. and tiio individual studios o.. tho 149 non who had rooolvod ono or
Qoro years o f training In vooatlom l sericu ltu re wore carried out with ono n&in
par oeo li: nlnd.
That purpose was to d i soever what factors wore lnfluontlcd in
plaocraont o f non in fam in g.
This part of the study w ill use those factors as
a basis for rococrsondinp chances end Inpruveaorrfcs In our present progra .
Infom ntion gained from fctio en tire study, personal axporlenoc in t o f ie ld of
vocational agricu ltu re, and suooecsful erperioacos of other non in tho f i e l d ,
tc^attier with oonsldoratlons and rooco oodatlons o f sim ilar stu dios, w i l l bo
eeployed In asking reocmendationo and Sut^ e stin g methods
oduro.
Tho preceding an alysis has indicated a nurabor o f fa cto re of iogcyttinoe
in a course o f vocational agriculture.
our a t t r it io n .
Ilot a ll of those faotoi*e are receiving
Fiapirasls on unlmorfcanfc oouree parts nay have rosuited fraa
lack o f rosearch or r e s u lts .
Soloctlgn o f Toachorc o f Vocational Agriculture
Slr-oo tl:e a c tiv ity of th e teacher in developing cc*r;d program# of lnstruotio n , profitable progress o f supervised fa m practloo, and a ctive Future I1Srrsr
chapters plays a large port in training future farr.i operators, M s coloctioa
i s ,rportant.
As an in flu e n tia l factor in plaoonent Iio cannot be ovorlooknd.
Carofol colootlcm im plies that a c r ite r io n for solectlcm n e t bo cot up
in order t o choose toacliero who w ill be su ccessfu l in training future prospective
f am ors,
Iisporionco in suporvislr^ the p ra c tic e work of future a g ric u ltu re
- 47-
lnetraotoars baa pend.Vbod as to zaks aao obsorvatioa.
Tucoesa In practise
taoohins a c tiv ity a t le a s t forecasts o aortaia amount of cucoece as a
flodyod fceaclxer of vocational a^rlculturo.
fu ll-
For oor.riraation of t h is sta te enfc
and further reeoouondatlons In settin g up selec tio n c r ite r ia , tills w riter w ill
have to ro ly upon other invci stig a t I one.
Ce Se AndoretKi in a study of vocational a.f.ricultiiro Instructors in
I1Wineylvania concluded, aaoag other tilin g s, thrfc students pro canting thoncelvoo
as train ees in agricultural education arc lik e ly to Lcooao successful as t oeo
canditioj.c are f u lf ille d : 26/
I.
Llion tlioy arc f a n roared and spend th eir stxnors during th e ir c o ll
years on tine fm y c.
Ce 'fhen they nolao early end se ttle d decisions concerning toachor pre­
paration.
v . WI«*n they arc a t le a s t avorovo and preferably above averapo in
In tellig e n c e.
4 . tIhma th o ir echolactlo aeLievuuonts ox -roceod in tera s o f ;rodoc ure
above average.
S election of c o lleg e mn fo r prop^cratlon to touch vocational agriculture
usually takes place at the mid o f the sophomore or beginning of t!«j junior year
in e olio. e .
By tid s tin e lixfonmti<a$ conoeming th eir baclrgromd, In terest
In the t - aching profession, ecxaothing about th e ir into Uigenoo and tlioir
BOiiolastic aohiovaaonte nay be securod and cliould be u tilis e d in guiding candl—
datos into or out of t2ic profession.
T. S. Sutherland conducted a study of C alifornia teachers in an e ffo r t to
Y .V " V. ■
•" :.ucooc¥ I n ''AgrI
ducGt-on 'i jftzlno, Vole V III, Aug. 1355, pp. 30-28*
o
unstv-or th is quoatiLoc - "Zhat infom stlcm XaQgerdlqg c. candidate tr ill oca Io us
to look Into tlx? futuro caad predict hoe euocoosAil th is ucn w ill bo as a toachor
o f vocational agriculture?* 2 7 /
re " if we pick teacbors with
h ijb sch olastic records in ooUo^o subjects . . . detdlng a o stly w ith tocird ccl
sericu ltu re tho clioness are t rco to one that wo w ill get a superior teacher.
Tiia m e who m d e low grtidcc during th o se y ea rs Iiac a l l t t l o
f i f t y cIutaoo o f ask in g good."
lo s s than a f i f t y -
According t o t h i s am o stu d y , a c t iv e p a r t ic i­
p a tio n i n ccctra-cur r I o u lor a c t i v i t i e s xm $ E lg n lf ic c n t in t l x development o f
Guuorior to a o lo r s in C a lifo r n ia .
Tise a csu a p tio a wee t U .t cuoceca in t h e s e
a e t iv it le Q liolpod t o d evelop a p o r s o m lit y d e s ir a b le In a tea ch er o f v o c a tio n a l
a g r ic u ltu r e *
According to Oarvoy '!organ Lovo 2 {/ those
t i e s w:
need som
d e fin ite oorr latioaa with rank o f tlx? departmen t of sgrioulttaro in which a
student taught la te r wore r e lia b ilit y , b e lie f in th e profecsion, a ffa b ility ,
^irongtcrosa , v isio n and inductr l oucuogd.
“C riteria o f greatest value In
prophesying success w r e , rank a t tho end o f teacher training by tho s t a f f ,
end average q u ality c re d its in practice toacLl...
2^/
Colection has boon made d if f ic u lt a t tin e s in the past fo r two roceoao.
f i r s t , tho rapid lnorooso in tho nunbor of departments in th e Unl^od Ltetos has
led to a cliortagc o f toaolioro a t various t in e s .
folicsaod la tliioe of toocinr slnrtago.
Goiocticn cannot bo r ig id ly
Geomtt, dcvolopuoat o f govcraaoistal
ngonoloG connected w ith agriculture Ims dream, heavily upon toaclmrc o f vocational
2%
/rSmid, S . sZ%^Gaa • v
lug
EduoaEtcm hagasico, Vol. X, Aug. 1537, pp. 35-38*
"
'Jr^T"
28^
. Harvey Sorganw wQyalUtIoationa for Succoc
culture''. T hesis, Ti. S * , 1 D3 S , Vlzpjinia PolytocIaaic I n stitu te , D la c k e b m - Va*
29
. : .
RCrlculturc t o f i l l p o s itio n s la th e ir m a k e.
A doom aso la enrol lo o n t in
aC r io u lt irc.! c o llo r o s fo r a e!:ort period a fte r 1052 a ff e c te d the nunbor of
c n r o llo o a la tea c h e r tr a in in g for a sh o r t period o f t i a e .
toy p osition M ld try on instructor of vooetlom l a g ric u ltu re In
BtoptoG t t o pragma cekos careful oelootloa luporatlve.
I f the prejrau of
vooctlonol ocrlculturo Ic to be ino >cvo6Kl In efflc ie n o p , the m s t v ita l point
fo r I:.proving effe ctiv e n e ss i s la eoloction o f the teachers*
Ia p n m m a tB
In other points o f t i e psrogmr.; tr ill undoubtedly help, t u t th e degree to xdiich
they booaao e ffe c tiv e w ill depend upon tlie Irotructor.
S election c f Etixsiontc for Tmiainc la Vocational Agriculture
Hie influonoo o f a nee’ s Lockc;rourvi on ultlisit© e -Iectioa o f an occupation
as lndlcatod by t h is study, stressed tise e f f e c t of parents• occupation*
Ctoo
of tho s e c t In flu en tial fa cto rs In guiding a boy in to farming has boon erperienoo
and association with the occupation of h is parents.
data gwthered tserot
Conclusions dream from
Present occupation o f those Individual s Jms boon greatly
Influenced by the occupation o f the parents, opportunity. In terest and
oxporionsQ$ nan frco fem e having tho highest percentage of osnsod lend cm
ore apt to fa r o than titoeo fr o n fam e xrLoro ownership statu s i s low and Icmc;,
V-. I:
u'o V .' c :\
L.,
LV
L : : l. r
I-
f a m in g , th an a sh o r t ten u re p erio d .
r io f ly , the dopurtne itc of vocational agriculture o f Sloctam ciiould str iv e
to
Tt boys in to tlio lr c la s s e s that vro sin cerely interested In farrdn; and
th at arc fre e fare hotaec.
Totmg s* o t r m u ol l- o ctabl I shed fam ilies t2iat Imvo
a high poroont&co o f osmardAp in the land that they ore fam ing stand a b ettor
clusnoo of u t ilis in g train in g In t h is course than young non fron other typos
-50-
of fs a lllo c #
B om lts ob tain ^ through tralnlnn o f toen boys havo not Ju sti­
fie d tla o spent vtljQa plooonont la far:dac Ie ueod as & cos euro of offloiortcy.
tlio rofereooo a&do to cnmcrshlp statu s m y see:., to laiply aoooptazaas oaly of
those froa fsurns of high oeaorshlp percentage,
This La;.Iloctioi:; time not nooct.
M l t Itoso hoys rraa fan.: hoc. -s, aooortliitg to t h is survey d l l stand a b ettor
chifiico o f staking use of train in g In vocational ogrloulture thoo c ity roared
boys*
Fam boys La the patronage area o f tbs school should be f a n illarisod
w ith tho departaoat o f vocational agriculture.
They should understand that
the course Ie one that has bom designed primarily for f e m boyej that training
In the course w ill f i t thsea bettor fo r fam in g th at for any other occupation
end that they tr ill be moouragod to put Into actual practice as each as p ossib le
fra things they learn.
Experlenoo has led th is w riter to conclude that the
b est Laethods o f gettin g th is ln fo r u tlc u to the fam beys o f a coesaExtty are
OS f o i l 017CI
I* PoreonaI v i s i t s to the far;:, hones of prospective students at which t in s
tho prograe i s explained to both t!io student and h is parents.
2.
Ppon-hov.se days In the vocational agriculture departnont w’xm o il
IatoreL tod 7th and Sth grt.de boys are in vited in to the school to obeervo
a c tiv ity Kid loarn o f t!a> obJoctiveg and program o f tho depart^xmt.
5 . Frogroae presented a t c cramaiity club meetings provide aony opportunitiee
fo r ^Xirther e sta a eim of information oonoerning the coureo in vocational agri­
culture*
4* Department of vocat local agrleulttaro ex h ib its e t cccsim lty end strto
fa ir s would bo noro o f foot Ivo in t h i s rocpoot i f placed on an oducat ioual ratvor
-Olthan o OE^wtItivo b a sic .
D. Open the f i r s t yoart: ooureo in vocational agrleulture to s i I those
lntcrostod by asklnc tlie f i r s t yeur'e *?or!: one o f orlontati.on and adaptation.
:"a y bogrs are intoreatod in en ro ll
in vocational agriculture leonuao
o f an ln tero rt oItLor in t ’10 cubjeot o f a y lc u itu r o or cn ln toroct la th e
type o f a c tiv ity carried on in the O Q riculturel course.
In terest In Pttture
Faroar a c t iv it y , liv e sto c k se lec tio n p ractice, development o f a si.orviocd
pructloo proprosi or the fa m shop proerea n%- be factors th a t lnfluonoo in d ivi­
dual a in se le c tio n of the course in vocational agriculture.
I f tho f i r s t ’"ear’ s course I s & Qoneral course Ir. agriculture that provides
a background fo r future work a Qivec eaporionco in a t?ido m rio ty o f slzr/lc
f a m ily Sk iH e, end helps a young m n to detom ine, f i r s t , the sin cerity o f
h is into root in agricu ltu re, and second, tho typo of fam in g he wishes to
concentrate on in building h ie supervised preetloe procrm , nary boya could
p r o fit fn»a tho f i r s t yoar’ c ezperiorjoo.
The la rg est mdber of dropouts £ rm
the vocational agriculture course nay bo e s octod sfc tho end o f tho f i r s t year
I f t ills Ie done.
The dropouts during the rnoaining ^wers, Iwmreer, stand a
tthmto* of being 4eeroa«$d by t h is nothod.
Dropouts b e t won th e freshnoa and
sophoooro year m y bo preferred ty tho instructor to dropouts la to r on in t o
cotsr!«.
Tlw instructor w i l l , at tho end o f th is f i r s t year’ s gemorel course,
help the boys to doeldo on th e beeio o f title one yeor’ r oapcsrlenoo.
Tlieee methods outlined alxr/@ sltould bo carried cut with, but a sin g le objective
in ztind; rsaoely, to educate prospective studente and parents w ith ti o
o e o ib ilitio e
and U n lte tIe o e of e. ctytrso in vocational pg-!cu ltu re Ia order to s e le c t students
who W ill b en efit fr e e such training*
Tho coooijd way, end possibly the one Uvat con Lo so e t ocanonly uood la
t h is sta te , Lottls w ith actual roslotru tion of otudonte 1st tho oouroo.
LSaay
eoliool princip als or euporlntondonto In tho Mgh schoolg o f .Lontann todas^
request th a t a student confer with tlie ngrioulturo lnctruotor before Iio i s
ollirurod to enroll for th e ajrlcu ltu ro course.
A raaor&l acco tanoo o f t h is
praotloo t-irou^hout Montana would undoubtedly fiv e tho agriculture lnatarictor
noro opportunity to exoroiso eoloctlon in obtaining beys Idiat would r e a lly
b en efit fr e e tho course.
Often school adainlstratore in tho past iiavo boon
accused o f ''dmiping" students in to agricultural cla sse s when tiiey fa ile d to
noko
osGlnc =Xtrkc in other c la s s e s .
high eohoole alone.
Title practice was not confined to enoll
At th e procant t l o vor;- few agricultural instruotore In
th io sta te ocnplaln of euo'. praotloo.
bo ueod as a “dunping groun 0.
Tho agriculture claecoe should never
Kalelng of cooonplielaant standards Sgqdc to
be tho beet method of improving t h is situ a tio n .
During a pro-rop letm tlon conforonco wltJt the prospective student, a b r ie f
but ooapieto record o f background in forming, parents* occupation, in to r e sts,
and f a c i l i t i e s fo r carrying on a euporvlsod practice progrsc; eliould bo obtained.
S iic information could !m e d ia te ly bo put in to ueo in encouraging or d le couraging t',o particular student in onrolling in vocational agriculture.
In
m a ll rural high eohoole in Montana w .oro vocational agriculture Ie a required
subject fo r a ll fro Blaaon boys, naturally t h i s coo cod aethod could not be put
in to ueo.
Tho gonoral course for the f i r s t year appears to b ettor moot t i e
Geode of e l l t o boys o f tho frotixian c la s s in SdoII high eclioole.
Ubdoubtodly
additional not hods o f exorcising celootioa or I at th at are o sp o o islly adapted
to d ofln ito lo c a lit ie s and sta tes Uitvt nay bo u t ilis e d .
- 53-
A nuL^ior or lion to m h ig h coliools bavo a t prosent a g a ld a o o e porsasmai,
Tbo acrloulturo Instructor should nsuo ueo o f th is service in securing
curriculn,, adJuotaente for Individuals.
nonts i s urged*
Cooperation bofcr/oon these two depert-
Poor guidance i s r/rarfch loco than no ,guiemoo a t a l l in
aolocting an occupation or profession.
The ogrioulture inotraotor should
rja-'0 UGe Oi- e l l agonoIoe availab le in cti e ffo r t to help pcsacg non cont to
to find an occupation saost suited to tbeo*
InprevRionts in Llotl^us of Teaolilng. Sploction of Subject Latter.
and ToaoMng AotTvlTloo iu
One oi tlio f i r s t ocmsidorationc in oolootion of subject uattor i s C apta­
tion of c our so ocHitent to the oonuuaitp.
Sineo tiio uaJerltp o f forcer students
arc i aruing arc located in the cocnunlty in which they wore raised and
sin ce tiioy have eoloctod entorpriuoc th a t in . ozioraL are adapted to the liooo
occnacit;- and t o t i e hoao fa m , carofui ooloction of course content i s vor *
ls p a r te n t,
Careful adaptation nocoacitatoc a curve;- of tho Oectamity to dotoru.no
Juct what entorpricos are important.
In cooo couatlos in 1'cmtana, lib s Teton,
d etailed ourvoys Vnvo boon carried oat by various agencies which are xsam
ooaplete and oaeproheaeivo than any that could be carried out by t i e vocat i x;al
r ic -f. ro tone or* 3_o/
Tlerovor tier® ourvoyo or studios are a v a ila b le , they should undoubtedly
3 0 / Totcai bounty Piaxminn Cccndttoc / ltfAx;
County, Lontana", ^eographod, S i p p „ July 1039. Load Teo Planning Coun itto o , Teton County, Montana.
Additional In fw aatlon may be cocured froo the Extension torvloe, TJso
!Txporlnonfc S to ticn , and the Bureau o f Agricultural Fecm nics. These agencies
!iavo completed surveys on Montana agricaiituro on t i e b asis o f nctoritd 'frco
census rep orts. Agricultural MJustnont ^dninlctration, and FC m s e c u r i t y
Adninistratlon f lic s *
-
54—
bo ucod os not only a caido In dotom lninc course ocEitent but a lso as a
rofuronoo tliroujhout tlio course In docidln ; p ractices and rocixsjend&tlonc to
Tollonr.
Ia co u n tlo a wiisro those studio® haw not boon node, the curve; % tlie
agricultural Instructor raay bo mdo on a r&procoatatlvo ocrplo area rutijor than
e n tir e county to deoroaeo labor Involved in socurlag a coaplot® c o u u n ity
ontnoratlon.
dovolop.
The content o f th is survey w ill be enlarged as rooccuoodationc
Aa Tar as tid e section la oonooniod, points esse n tia l fo r ir^rowcaoat
o f the teaching program through a oonom ity survey are b a sica lly as fallows* 3 ^
I . Dovol^-fnent o f a l i s t o f rtwemondod adapted entorprieoe.
— hating of those entorprisoa as to th eir huportanoc in tix> c a la m ity .
3 . :ovelog iont of a l i s t o f rooocLioialod fam ing p ra ctices.
A* !'iO S s ib llit ie c fo r th e dovelopnaat o f now adapted e n te r p r is e s .
Tho r e s u l t s obtained eitould th en be u t i l i s e d in determ ining course co n te n t
and © atorprioe s tr e s s .
L^rova.ont in m tliods o f teaching Oan b est bo carried out by eoaeonal
correlation o f enterprise study wi-crovcr p o ssib le, dovolopnent of tru o -to -lif©
situ a tio n s end oxporionoos in teaching practice and incluclon o f the ocono.uics
o f fam ine
fare mmgonent to tliO ostont t!mt tlao ago and dovolopnont of
bho Iiigh school ponuite.
By seasonal correlation o f enterprise study i s nosnt
' iutoriai avalialilo tr o u .;! ^ o q p io tio n of Loos'lKxT c u rw ;x Ty VoyiTr ‘
orrol-oc in the cldasoc m y prove valuable in oocpleting th is survey.' BofSr
to*
: . II. aluior, nTao Lceg-Tino Planning Progrmaf, 15 p p ., Departooot of
Agricultural Bducation nineographad circu la r, Montana State C ollege, Dosesmn.
Montana, July. 1337.
S . 3 . Pal o r , "Four-Year Farr. Planning Irogrea”, 13 pp ., Bepartasst o f
Agricultural ducL.tlon ninoogrt^>hod c ir cu la r , Zkmtana State Collo o, Bosc:.,a:.
Montana, Juno, 1338.
-CStl*> study of oatorprlaec during the mason or period of the yoar tdion Dajor
Johe under tLo enterprise are carried out,
liaturalIy, Emv Cter5ar ractioos
w ill -;.aw to be studied and do-rolopod in th e winter Cocaueo o f school vacnt ia m ,
The reason fo r asking t h is rocouaondatlcn i s that ttio study o f an
ontorprieo d iv isio n during the period whoa i t comonly occurs provides oppor­
tu n ity for correlating olassrooa probloao end. rocoixxmcioticGs wit!, actual f ie ld
{wobleus and p ra ctices in operation*
SettoteLon and app lication o f knowledge
lias dopondod upon Iatorost and exporieaoo.
In terest and oxperionco m y both
bo developed through actual application o f knowledge to e x istin g prdblous.
Too frequently In th e past teachers have provided the in f e n a c tio n end roooaBBndaticna end trusted the application o f the saoe to take ca re of i t s e l f ,
: f o o l tiJ it th e g r e a t e s t I provenout in tou ch in g m tlx x l m y bo accaupllabed
ky th e dovolopoent o f a c tu a l f i e l d and cl& eam on problono th a t doai.ud fundciaemtal knot'ledi a f o r s o lu tio n ,
nm .. i n f i e l d s k i l l s ,
fa m in g I e by nature an occ p ation t h a t tic.-cnda
Tl1iOeo ski l i e o fte n do not len d th cricolvos t o profIo le n t
a c q u is itio n i n th e Classrocxi.
A fare, r m y rata high in t3;o a b ility to axtract largo y ield s fron on
ooro of land, or produce nore then tZso average pounds o f beef per section
hut un less 1» i s e f f ic ie n t in organieatiou, mnaglng and uarbotlsg bo cannot
succeed.
Methods o f organizing tlio f&m bu sin ess, m aagerial practices end nsrkoting
methods selected on a euooocaf.il fa m r e su lt froa correct iiitorpretatior; of
ooccifxiio conditions.
A thorough course in faro ooonadca would be oxtreuedy
d if f io u lt to toach to high school boys in a Ltannor th a t would r e su lt in
app lication .
Courses in vocational agriculture should Include, in addition to
—DO—
ontorprico study, IastruoticaD in fai-n ;znojonont end orounisetioto.
Sboae
d ivleion e cea be t&ugbt i f the 6itiu ti<xio csicounterod ero f s o i l Inr to t e
boy.
:!o*jctoi.eat studiee end reorgm lsetioEi on the b&sie o f th e
lsriaco ttoca-y in ecoaexiice into ploy in a situ ation that i s understood.
For
Ixjj-S o i hi£ii school ego, outside infiueucoa <xC forolgn trad e, reciprocal tr.-do
egrocEXKLts, curplusoc,
do:made and ^ovorraaontaI action i s raoet oaoily
understood whon the so in flucatsoc oan bo traced d irectly to th e bene f a r e .
For or students indicated th a t they Wieixxl they know iaoro about govenmental
prognLos,
Fzporlonoo in both high Wsool and peart-tiw oohool toaoliiag procpte
th is w riter to rococuond that tho study o f goeemeecital programs, rocsonc fo r
o ste b ll o ice ct of tho m m and possiblo resu lts oan beet be taught end & reclatod
in tire jn rt-tiije W jooI o la eses.
Dovelonerjocrt o f worthwhile toaohisc a c tiv it ie s on th e hooo fam e o ffer s
OOEiO problci-c.
I t Io VOrjr d if f ic u lt fo r th ose farm boys who spend tin eoliool
year in town, possibly because of tiao long distance they liv e from school,
to use th e ir Iiaao fera in connection with oines work tbrougbcmt tiie year.
Ilvon th e no ot genoroue end patient o f farssorc that p o m it vooatioual agricul­
ture cla sse s to uoo th eir llvcstoc:: herds in eeloctioa; th e ir in; leoontc cud
pewor in c u ltiv a tio n , th e ir land for crops and th e ir building# as laboratories,
cannot be axpootod to ld d e fin ite ly continue to do so ,
I few dopnrfcents o f
vocational egrioulturo in t h is country have dovolopod a solu tion to t h is problem.
They 667© obtained farms of tiielr cam on wfcdeb to or anise a proem ; o f fa m ­
in e , develop ontorpri cos in liv e sto c k and crop production and in gosxjral Mvo
put t o uoo many practices anti rocomremdoti procedures dovolopod la tho classroom#
fiioeo fa r s Mvo n o t boon OEporinoatal faros operated with the idea o f developing
-5 7 -
IWW rwtbode in iivoctook or crop oaottgenont.
Tlwy haw Iwen "prewtioo fame®
oporatod as e f f i c im t l y as poasiulo vdtii the I don o f providing: esportenoe
and training fo r boys In olassoc o f vocational agriculture.
Bmrnltm o f H
TOm**= 33,
Balloon o f Ciulo-y, Iowa 9 32/ Earl WmrB
T a tt9
■ -ocoan o f Poison, ISon tam 3 4 / J u s t if y t h i s rsoenaend atlan
a s a clovioo f o r I proving our pr ogran o f V ooatlon al a g r ic u ltu r e ,
a*m ritW
s»wh p r e o tio o u n it s pro can ts m a y pr cblons In f l m n s t n c , o ^ r c t i n ,: , and d ovolop inc*
Zw oo p ro b lem n atu ral I;- vary u it ii tlw
cog
u n it y and w i l l Iwvo t o be
solved by t lw In d iv id u a l in s tr u c to r , h ie p r in c ip a l, and h i s sch o o l board.
LTyorionoo o f tlw a fore-am tlon od i doparfcw ate shows # w ta s k t o bo oao t h a t
can Vo acoo ..plicliod,
Z: iprovo-x;nt o f t:.o G yorvisod Lrectlco Lrogrcn
rrZw primary dlfforonoo Lotuoon suporvieod fam in e progrune o f yostordey
md today Ie that wo &ro doing today what wo teliaod about ten yoaro ago.
Today*
masaos i s in tern s o f yesterday's o b je c tiv e s.0 Zo
i s with
tlw objective of Luproving the prograu o f the future th at recces wadatione are
dovcloped.
32.
Two desirable t r a it s stand behind a l l roooaaantirtioae;
...
,
S3G5
•»
'
" . " V V ' V' :
ZZTT
,
projeove
I-."""
turel'' Lduoatioa rwgasino, Vol. I I , ho. 10, p . 189, A pril, 1359.
33/ Lortin, S ari, nGr
Prognsae, AgrL
sin o , T o l. I I , Ho, 8, p, 150, Feb., 1939*
Bi Bduoatioa Baga-
3 ^ / Lotrmn0 Bm I**, ePolson Vocatioewl . ...ric _
LrucLioc .
”s 3 ...
VocatToraxl Agriculture ToacIwr1e Ccmforooco Poport, Lontsna State Collogo,
Boscmtn, Ilontsm , Juno, 1053.
35
QftaMlp Se Swp "Supervised
,y mad T
T o A /riou lti^ al Education "agazino, Vol. I I , bo. 10, ^psril, 1939, pp. 130-191.
- 50-
sZiould bo a codlLsa throuch Ilileb e Btxidciat
pot Iato pructioo
loam s mid la doin' so obtains ocsontial osporioncoi proJoots
Iso
Lo a
nothod of cro»in~ into fam in g,
A supervised pnxotico progrm lnflucmooc greatly the choice o f fam ing
as an occupation,
Hais c a n progra. depends u^jn the vocational agriculture
instructor fo r i t s liapetue, ex^ervislon and growth.
•'-8 o guide in the I provomnt Cdv tlie supervised practice propran, th e
c la r o c tc r ic tic s o f a good prograa are suggoLted below,
I.
The mxporvioed practice proem - oust Lo adapted to tlxc ham fa m and
to the horn ca rn a lity .
L, ProforaLly I t should be
0 0 Icctod
a fte r the bey Iiaa decided t i e t;p o
o f fam ing he wishes to folia..',
3.
Hilo progrm should be plnanod on th e Leoie that I t i s not e sin g le
year a
r
and Woadoning enterprise or
jf
outom ri oec.
4* Flam ing m e t bo accurate to discover p o s s ib ilit ie s fo r success,
growth, sod education.
5 . I t . not have scope enough so that in addition to asking returns t o
the boy i t w ill include a prograa o f hono fa m Inprovo xmt,
C, Fooorda Icopt eliould be on the en tire fam ing progren o f the boy and
should be th e type th at can be la te r adopted to the e n tir e fa r -,
7 . Interpretation o f records and planning on the b a sis o f ;mot eatporionoo
m a t bo done to give record keeping any value,
Thoso r e TjuIronenta i t some nay b est bo obtained or uot by carefu lly
planning in the ioaujuraticci of the progroa.
S u fficien t tin e should bo spent
-Ga­
i n o o 'io o i t o d e v e lo p w i t h t h e b o y s o n I n c o n t l v o t o c a r r y a -o o d progeen o f
s u p e rv is e d f
n o tic e .
3§/
P a ra o m a I r e c o r d s o f e a c
s h o u ld h e o b t a i n e d ,
e t u d i o d m d d l e c u s e e d t o d o t o m l n o w h a t t y p e o f p r o -r o c : w i l l h o s t f i t t lm
d o r i r o S "= d t h e barao f a r o o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l . 3 7 /
a
c o n f e r e n c e w i t h t h e boy
e n d b i o p a r e n t s s h o u ld bo a r r a n g e d t o c o c u r o a p p r o v a l , t o d i s c u s s f I m a o i a i ,
t o siuha p i r n s f o r s t a r t i n g a n d t o d i s c o v e r a n d oak® p l e n a f o r g r o w th , l a b o r
a n d r e c o r d h o o p in g on t h e s e l e c t e d p r o g ra m .
D e fo ro a c t u a l w r i t t e n p l e n a o a a
h o n o d e , s t u d i o s o f p l a n a en d r e c o r d a o f o I a l I a r p r o J o c Ls c lio u ld b e r o v ie w e d
t o d e v e lo p
a b a s i s f o r p i a im in g .
Q aoe t o p r o J o o t i s s t a r t e d , t h e v o c a t i o n a l a g r l o u l t u i 'o i n s t r u c t o r w i l l
Iiavo t o t a l a s t h e p a r t o f a s u p e r v i s o r e n d n o t a d i c t a t o r i n s e e i n g t h a t
a ro c a r r ie d o u t i n a n a n m r t h a t w i l l bo o f g r e a t e s t b e n e f i t to th e b o y .
A
r e g u l a r , p u n c t u a l v i s i t a t i o n p r o g r n n I s r o c a a c n d c d o n t h e g r o u n d s t l i a t d oeam ds
f o r a c c u r a c y a n d c a r e f u l o p e r a t i o n car. b e s t b o d e v e lo p e d t h r o u g h d i r e c t , c a r e f u l
s u p e rv is io n *
.> luco a h i g h p e r c e n t a g e o f o w n e r s h ip I n t h e R ipom ri cod p r a c t i c e
p ro , r a n !m s boon o b s e r v e d I n t h i s s t u d y , t o r e s u l t I n a s u p e r i o r s u p e r v i s e d
p r a c t i c e p r o g n a a c o n c e n t r a t e d e f f o r t s h o u ld b e ocmortod t o l n o r o a s e t h e o r c io r s h ip l n t e r o r t o f
a b o y I n h i e p r o g r u -«
F S a o l ll ti o a f o r c a r r y i g o n a f a r c i n g p r o g r o :. a t b o o s a r o n o t a lv a y o
c o n d u c iv e t o p ro g ra m s o f d o s i r a t i o ty p o *
C o o p e r a ti v e p r o j e c t s p la n n e d , f i n a n c e d ,
a n d c a r r i e d o u t b y g r o u p s w i t h i n a d o p a rfc u o n t h a v e Iio lp o d t o o v o rc o n o t h i s
kA/Wner, 2* 1L* 'mHbo Lang-t6ne'Maoai%
p. It,
D e p a rfe m n t o f ^ r l o u l t u r a l S d u c a tic a a C i r c u l a r , M ontana S t a t e C o l l o r e , Boso m
M o n ta n a , J u l y , 1 9 3 7 .
3 7 /f r a l n s r » E* S * # eP o u r -Y o a r P a r a P l a c o l n g P n ^ r s a e , m em o * p* 1 3 ,
D o p o rE m r.t o f A g r i c u l t u r a l S d u o a tIc m C i r c u l a r , H o n ts m S t a t e C o l l o r o , Bos ;m n .
H o n ta n a , J u l y , 1 9 5 3 .
-GOIwidlcap.
Io IooalitIoa whoro the nxsabor of bay# f ra i ferns of the above t, po
is lar-o, such rojoots ax%- be devolved end tlioir IrustekUatioa ie dee IreLio.
ProJootG of th is type lievo Loon m st Luoooceful in activitioa U ia fattoaiaj
-1OdC, ladbs, poultry oad Loaf, end ^vodueinj pardons sad cash crops, wikero
tdaj period for cccplotim Ie coaparutivoly siics-t and division of roturns smne
ijaaborc is oaclly nedo.
A
suporvlaod practico proem , timt laoludbs also a projron of Iiccsd fam
jUi -rovccxint is superior to the SiniJlo enterprise typo.
oation of trainln™ in a wide varioty of a c tiv itie s.
I t provides for a.%I i-
I t produces results on
the '.moo fam th at often Justlfioc the parents* saorifiees saado in ^asatinc
the boys in Uio fanily.
One notiiod of developing the hone fara iapromaent pvo&rm. is oug. rested.
' 'bon mtorprlooo in class are studied on the basis of tho horn fam enterprises, ebon rooosn -endatlons aro node on ti» basis of survey of this parti­
cular IKitorprieo on the Uoeso fame, tiseei applloatlon of tiioso sane roooiz ondations is tlso mart stop.
I f each boy inoludoa, at tiio ooxsolucioa of a study
of an enterprise, elth ia Idle supervised pmotlm p r o g r a . a l i s t of tilings
Jia can ami w ill do a t hooe, we Uavo sbvelopod a basis for inclueicsi of Lpne
fam inprovor-jont. Aoocn llclioont in tide activity froa lnore cm will depend
on the enthueiaan end arititlon of tlio boy and supervision of the instructor.
Tlio nano of cm and the less of the otiiar w ill be roguirod and vice versa,
Tlsoso rocoGPondatioac nay com general but ganoralltios aro ap;ilioahle
in outlining an important Inprovcnant gpotfwu for the entire state.
Detailed
stops w ill have to ho developed Iy individual instructors to am t tho mods
of their local oommities.
Dcnwlogaaoat oT a Ifore ElToctlIyp r o l l w -u:: P ro-ra
Tfltii F naor Studoats
To O t^IiO B iae t h e l o p o r t o a o o o f t h e f o l l o w - u p p r o ^ r B o , t l » f o l l o w i n g
q u o ta tio n
o a rc re p e a tin g :
eT ro ln in c a hay e n r o lle d i n a v o c a tio n a l a j r i o u l -
t u r o d o p a r t i jo n t I s o n ly p a r t o f t h e ro L p o n s iL i I i t y o f t b o d e p e r t a o n t .
o s ta L lia h ra m t I n f a m i n e I s t h e n e x t s to p ." 3 8 /
I ll s
The v a l u e o f t h o p e r t s - t l m
a n d e v o n ln c s c lio o lo a s a n o f f e o t l v o p r o j r a u o f f o ll o w - u ;
o f f o r n o r s t u d o n t c Iiaa
b e e n t h o r o u e h l y d l c o u o s e d b y o e n y c a p a L lo w r i t e r s , 3 9 /
-AMh m y b e a c c o o p l l s h o d t h r o u g h a f o l l o w - u p p rc c :ra n b ; w o rk In p w i t h
a d u l t s a n d o u t - o f - s c h o o l y o u th i n p e r t - t i a e o r e v o n in p s c h o o l c .
Tho w ork w i t h
g r o u p s d o c s n o t s e c t t h o n e e d s o f a l l i n d i v i d u a l s r e c e i v i n g t r a i n i n g l a voc»*
tlo n o l a g r ic u ltu r e .
A f o ll o w - u p p ro g ra m <m tli o i n d i v i d u a l i s u o c o c s a r p .
I io t h o r o r n o t a n i n s t r u c t o r d e v e lo p s a p a r t - t L x s s c h o o l , t h e r e a r e c e r t a i n
s t e p s h e m s t t a k e I f h i s f o ll o w - u p p r o g r a n i s t o b e e f f e o t i v e .
S b m o t e n l a r g e t h e o o w n u u ity c u rv e
nod 4 0 / t o d i s c l o s e
f a m in g o p p o r tu n itie s t h a t e x i s t i n a g iv e n c c s a m a lty .
C o .,
5 8 / P r o s s e r aod A lle n ,
ow Y o rk , 1 9 2 5 , p p . 1 4 - 1 5 .
A n e tlio d o f d e v e lo p in g
T i n "a b e a e c r a c y ^ , G o n tu iy
3 9 / G re g o ry , R . H ., S p e c i a l i s t i n A g r ic u ltu r a l E d u c a tio n , P o r t - t i m
v o a iu Lc o o l o , 0 . S . O f f i c e o f E d u c a ti o n , H a s . i n g t m , D. Ce
and
L a tr ir o p , Vnu: W ald o , S p e c i a l i s t i n A g r i c u l t u r a l E d u c a ti o n , U. 5 . O f f i c e
0 . E d u c a ti o n , a s h i n g t o n , D. C.
I S u s g e r a ld , Ir. 0«, T o n n o sso o
V o c a t io n a l A s s o c i a t i o n .
o ;l> o r o f
I o e o a rc ii C o u u i t te o o f A ueorlosn
4 0 / T e to n C o u n ty P le u m ln g C o a a l t t e e e , eAn A g r i e u l t u r a l P o l i c y f o r T o tu n
C o u n t ; , E o o ta n a e , S l o e o g r a p h e d , 5 4 p p . , J u l;* , 1 3 3 9 . Land C so P l o n n ln 1; C o o n l t t o o , T e to n C o u n ty .
A d d i t i o n a l l n f o m a t i o n m y b e s e c u r e d f r a ^ t h e E x t e n s i o n S e r v i c e an d
D e p t, o f A g r i c u l t u r a l E c o n o m ic s . Tlioeo tw o a g e n c i e s h a v e c o m p le te d s u r v e y s
o n M o n tan a a g r i c u l t u r e o n t h o b a s i s o f m t o r l a l f r o a c e n s u s r e p o r t s , A g r i o u l t u r u l A d J u s t i o n t A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a n d F a m S e c u r i t y Ad. I n ! s t r a t i on f i l e s .
t h i c s u r v e y Xrj f i r s t e x h a u a t i n s p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r p l a c o u e r t o n t! jo h ® » f a m
w as p re s e n te d t o th e a n n u a l n o e t l n j o f t h e
G rand B*j?~
DswxsaL
,
A aerlsse V o c a t io n a l A s e o c i e t l m I n
ty
-
• 4 ^
A so h o d ..lo f o r o b t a i n —
l c c i n - f o r r '" I m on a l l f a r - a I n t h e o o c m u n ity h a s b e e n d o v o lc y o d b y F .
.
v..vith o f liC . i y a n S t a t e C o lle g e W iio h n a y b o u s e d i n n a k in g o n e n t i r e o t s u u n i t y
s u r v e y . A2, '
I n a d d i t i o n , t h e l n o t r u o t o r m e t d e v e lo p a l i s t o f
i t y l n t o r o e t e d i n e e o u r i n c c o n t r o l o f a f o r .;*
m g o o n i n t h e commun­
I I J js l i s t c. r a i d b o o a t h l e t e
ano-iyh t o g i v e a g o , o x p o r ie n c o , q u a l i f l e e t l a n e , a n d a d d r e s s ,
T horo a r e t h r e e o s e o n t l a i r e q u li- u
in d iv id u a l
ho: .
,dts f o r cu co o eo i n t h e f i e l d o f
F i r s t , t h e o u t- o f - s c lio o l f a r a boy m e t b e w i l l i n g t o p ro c e n t
' o ; r o c lo tic t o t h o i n s t r u c t o r .
S e c o n d , t h c y n u s t ho e n o a ^ m ^ o d t o d e v e lo p
t h e ! m b i t o f p r o c o a t i n g M s p ro b le m s t o tlio i n o t m o t o r .
CldLrd, ho o u e t h a v e
cor f ld o n c o i n t h e i n s t r u c t o r ’ s a d v i c e e n d b e K a b l t i o u s i n c a r r y i n g o u t t h e
m ^ o c tlo n e ,
M tporiersoo a s a g r i c u l t a u r e l i n s t r u c t o r e s p e c i a l l y i n F e r g u s C m n ty H igh
heL o o l, L o erlo tcw n , SSoctena b o t i o o n t h e y e a r s o f 19SQ a n d 1039 o o n viisood t
w r i te r o f t o above c o n v ic tio n s .
Ih o r e s u l t s o f a d i a r y k o p t
ic
during f m r
E tonthc o f t h i s p e r i o d w i l l b o o t c o n v o y a y p o i n t .
T h is i n s t r u c t o r
had t h r o e m i n o b j e c t i v e s i n r d n d I n d e a l i n g w i t h t h i s
o u t-o f-s c h o o l g ro u p .
F i r s t , he n o d e d e f i n i t e ad v a n ce # t o so o u ro i n t e r e s t
4 ] ^ i m p , t s i l i i e c ! ? ,, 'Yk !Fem WtrWk T e e o liw s Uap Wee t o D e t o m l m ' '
O p p o r E m d tio e o f Yotay !3on on t h e H cas F a r m * , P . Se # 7 7 , E o e Y ork S t a t e
S c h o o l o f A g r i c u l t u r e , C a n to n , Sow Y o rk , 1 9 3 9 ,
4 2 / S o lti.,
t o
.
.,
d iv id u a l S m n e y
of
P la o e n e a fc O p p o r t u n i t l o s i n
ITllaasfcm A r a a w, l i i c h i a n S t a t e C d llo g o , h a s t L a n c in g , U i c h i u n , 1 9 3 8 ,
<8*2 c o o f i d o n e e o f t h e s e boye#
l te e if to
o o f i u s o is to n o o .
S eco n d , h e u s e d e v e ry q ? p o rtta s ity t h a t p r e s e n te d
T h i r d , he Iaept & r e c o r d o f t h o r n c a n f c r o a c o s t o
d i s c o v e r t as c o m m a p r o h l e n s czyl ^ p o r t s m i t y f o r s u c c e s s i n t h i s u n d e r ta k in g *
D u rin g t
i s f o u r Caonthst p e r i o d , 5 8 i n d i v i d u a l c c o n f o r r o d w i t h t h i s
i n s t r u c t o r a t o t a l o f OZ t i n e s o n p r o b lo o o d i r e o t l y a f f o o t i n g th e n #
An a v o r u j e
o f S d e f i n i t e p ro b le m s o r q u e s t i o n s w o re a s h o d b y t l i e c e you..,, n o n u p o n e a c h
v is it.
S eeotyl v i s i t s b y t h e e&ue i n d i v i d u a l b r o u g h t u p a d i s c u s s i o n o f
e r i c I n a l p rd b le n s an d q u e s tio n s
SC p e r c e n t o f t i n t i n e .
t o p r o c n t o n e d e f i n i t e r e c o a s e n d a tlc m p e r v i s i t .
The w r i t e r
atteeapted
T h o se s u b j e c t i o n s o r
rooom ezadefclcxna m r e f o l l o m d , a s f a r a s c o u l d b e d o t o m i n e d , 42 p e r o o n t o f
tin e o r caeca.
7ho n o r e d e f i n i t e t h e p r o b l e a o f t h e L o p , a n d t h e c l o s e r I t
w a s r e l a t e d t o h i e L s i o d l a t o o!ian o e o f a u o o e e s I r a n e n t e r p r i s e , t h e c r e a t o r
w o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t h e w o u ld r o a p j o a r f o r P u r t i o r in f o r m a t io n #
A e i e s a n r i s a t l o n o f t i i e t^"po o f q u e s t i o n s a s h e d w o u ld n o t r e s u l t i n a
o o cB m t o p i c f o r I n s t r u c t i o n i n a p a r t t l a e s c h o o l.
I n t e r e s t s a n d p ro llo n o
si owed t o o i . r o a t a v a r i a t i o n i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r s t u d y .
B o q u o sto f o r v i s i t a t i o n s t o t h e f a r * o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l o c c u r r e d I n o n l y
12 p e r c e n t o f t h e c o n f e r e n c e s .
a g ric u ltu ra l b u l d ln j.
A b o u t 30 o f t h e c o n f e r e n c e a t o o k p l a c e i n t h e
TIie r o n a i n d e r o c c u r r e d a t c o m u n i t y c l u b n o o t l n j s ,
p u b lic d sn o o s, o n th e s t r e e t , on L e hone f a r . a t th e lo c a l f a i r , on b o a rd a
b u s , a f t e r c h u r c h o n S u n c a y , d u r l n y f a n ., a n d h o n e w eek a t l e c t u r e s , on a
co m b in e d u r i n g h a r v e s t , o n a p i c n i c , a n d i n j o n o r a l m y t l a o f d a y o r n l j i i t
w h e re v er c o n ta c ts o c c u rre d .
The w r i t e r f e e l s t h a t I iie l o a d w as n o t n a t o r i a l l y I n c r e a s e d b y t h i s
a c t i v i t y ; t h a t t h e r e s u l t s w e re g r a t i f y i n g e n o u g h t o o o c p a n e a to f o r t l m e f f o r t #
*v4r«u3 the* further a c tiv it y along tM e lin o w i l l strongthen Lotli tiio doparfcponfc
and tlio instructor In h is lo ca l ooa ranity.
A survey o f fam in g opportunities in a given eoaounity sboulc
lig h t in fo m a tlan conoomtng th e fo lla e ln g poin ts.
! • IkKJber o f operators In tho patronage area classed as to osmerc, rontor®,
and Monagoro.
2 . Average yearly turnover in operatorc in t h is area.
3 . ^iet o f fam a fo r so lo , and to r a.
4. L ist of fa m e for le a s e , end tom s*
Uitl. tlio r e su lts o f th is survey in lamd, a decision m y ho node as to the
d o e ira b llity o f a large nuabor of hoys acquiring training for agricultural
occupatI(«18 .
Also d o fin ito lnforoatian nay Io presented to tlio individual on
p o seih ilitlo G o f soouring a faro*
Tho Dovolopnont of Iloro Tlieough tviid ,.oour: to Hegord
ap. IhTOCOMt Quid I'O rjQir tiK ion tc
SuLoittlng dopert .-ont rooorde to tho directors and suporvieors has Loan
locked upon by uany vocational agricuituro instructors as a disagrooahlo ohoro
witia l l t t l o value.
As a r e su lt, nany reports eutsuittod Lavo boon neither
oonplete nor aocurato.
presented.
Better records would lnoroaso tho usefulness o f data
Ioporto of tho type that give information on kind of pragma carried
out, background o f Individual students, pragmas of supervised faro p ractice,
and present occupation of former students provide a great deal of Informa­
tio n upon which, to Interpret tiie proaont program end mice future plans.
Tiioro
i s no oaslor way at the present fcino o f gaining tho desired lnform tlon than
through the supervisor o f Agricultural Eduost ion*
oeulte mg’ be tabulated
:xto'i oaslor i f uniform fam e are used In c o lle c tio n of th e infom atlan*
Toros
—u5—
i n .'laat& ne T o r t h e n o e t p a r t h a v e b o o n t m l T o r . ,
o m p lo te n o e o a a d u o e
The d o - r e c o o f a c c u r a c y ,
m y Lo q u o s t i o u o d .
Fo c otTrL-ondtit i o a s t h a t m y I n p r o v o t h e e l t u s t t o a o r o t
1 . T iia t r e p o r t f o m s h o ohoclaod t o r o u o w r o q u e s t e f o r d a t a t h a t oa, w t
ho n e a e u ra d o r e ro i r o lo v a n t ; t o add r e q u e s t s f o r f u r t h e r in fo r m a tio n neodod
a s a L a s ts f o r f u tu r e p la n s ,
2 . T h a t o o o u ra c y a n d c o u p le t o n e o s h o l a p r o v o d b y c a r e f u l i m d l t i n j i n tlae
s t a t e o f f l c o u p o n r e o d p t o f t h e seme e n d a c c e p t a n c e o f o n l y c o r r e c t e n d c o u p l e t *
fern s.
3 . T h a t t h e a g r i c u l t u r e I n s t r u o t o r B i n M ontana o c a io e a tr a to d u p o n e 'u h .o l t t l n g c o r r e c t and c o n p io te i n f o r m t l o i i .
I r p r o v o io o n ts I n r e p o r t f o m s a n d n o t h ode o f e m p l o t i n g an d Im p ro v in g
a c c u r a c y s u g g e s t s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f a c c u m u la tin g d a t a t h a t w i l l L e v a l u a b l e
f o r f u r t h e r e u m a r l s a t t o n , i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , o o n e l u s l o n , an d m e th o d o f lo p ro v o r o n t .
T ztoziB lon o f t l.o ' a go a r c ! . P r o g r a ::
T h i s w r i t e r f e e l s t h a t m any d a t a e x i s t a t t h e p r e s e n t t i n s w"
L e o a a c e u a u l a t o d w l t l i n o c l e a r c u t oL Joctl*/© i n n i n d .
I n m n y d o p a rtm n te
o f v o c a t i o n a l a g r i c u l t u r e i n t h i s s t a t e , r o o o n l a e z l o t t h a t Iuiva n o t Local
u t i l i s e d t o any g r o a t e x t e n t i n p r o j e c t i n g c b m g o e o r I p r o v e m n t s .
!uie
emae c a n L e s o l d o f e v e n l a r g e r n c o i t s i l a t l o n e i n t h e B to to o f f i c e .
I f t h e co d a t a c o u ld b e osse& iL led, a u d i t e d , an d e u E e a e rls e d
in couo Titiv ,
u u d o u L to d ly a u c h o f v a lu e c o u l d b e l e e r n o d a b o u t tlio p r o c e n t p r o g r u a o f
v o c a tio n a l a g r i c u lt u r e .
d e v e lo p e d
3any w r ite re
Imvo u s e d o n l y t h o o e r e c o r d s w h ic h
r e s u lts f a v o r a b l e t o t h e p ro g ra m o f vocational agrioultui-o.
T h o se
s t u d i e s w o u ld b e m ore v a l u a b l e i f , i n a d d i t i o n , t h o w e a k n e s s e s w o re L ro u g Iit
—cU*»
to lig h t
Ctoo notliod o f soourinc a program o f research would be by the ellatmnfc
o f the r esp o n sib ility of the aaoe t o an IcdivlduaI on the sta te s t a f f .
If
t h is individual was hold rosponsiblo for the dovelopnent of studioe tl.d t
would u t ilic o only infonaation tlm t ozictod a t tlto pro coat t ia e , aaz^r record
fo m s would bo given value that they do not now posaoes.
As the investiga­
tio n proceeded, needs for additional records could noro accurately bo
prophoelod and foruo for obtaining tiion developed.
*ny records frota th e sta te o f f ic e c ouLuittod to tiuj national o ffic e
o f education are being used in t h is uannor by the d iv isio n o f research.
Eocomendatio c are node on o regional or nation-wide b a sis.
Those records
are valxaiblo but have not solved zaany problene peculiar t o a sta te or d iv isio n
o f the s t a t e .
Besseroh o f sp ecial value to a vocational agriculture teacher in a lo c a l
cotinunlty should be and w ill lutvo to bo developed by the individual in stru ctor.
Tills w riter fo o ls that onoouragouent of research of t h i s type i s essen tial
fo r the iaprovenont of tlio prograa os a whole.
Cm cluslo s drawn from the date aacatbled indicated t o t h is w riter seven
peaoral roomiondat ions for liprovoam t o f tlio prog ran o f vocational ogrlou lturo in 3ontaz&.
Those rsocsawodatlme aro as follotfc.
I - CUTCa I celootion o f toaD.iOVC of vocational agriculture.
2 , Careful selec tio n o f students for train in g in vocational agrioulturo.
5.
Concentration on lu.rrcm>Lxmt in aothoda of te&elilng, se lectio n o f
subject natter end teaching a c tiv lt io s In vocational agriculture.
4 . Inprovo-jont o f tlio euporvlcod practice progru .
-67'
3.
: ovolopaent o f a m ro e ffo c tlv o folicw -up projran w ltli Tomer
stu d e n ts,
6,
'l.o dovolopuorrt of aoro t horough and ooeurato rooorde oa procont
qg^ foraer student a to provide data xtpca widoh to base further I:. rovononta.
7« Ilxtonoion o f tlsa rosoarcl: program conooatratln& on ueo o f notorial
developed tlirough the keeping o f aoro eoaplote and accurate records.
Since tlioro I s a great variation In also of dopertuontc, fam ing oonditlonc cmd opportunities, oqui:ricnt available fo r use and the gonoral secondary
educational %'otcas, aotl^ede o f oerrylng <*$t the l^prowouonto ^uggesrted w ill
*
■'
°
depart, o a t s la tliO sta te as a group.
w ill ultiLoataly determine th olr value.
The extent to which tljop are accepted
SOtnwnr
FrtB tho r e su lts o f tM s study I t I s evident that tho r e s u lts of
doportncnts o f vocational agrloulturo In tlie plaoomnt o f tiiotr anrolloos In
Montana liavo toon s lo lla r to tho avort o o f tl.o United Staton.
Faotore d la-
oovorod to be to ccm extent In flu en tia l In plooooont latve not in a ll easos
received tlj® eapiicsls th a t thoy dosorvo.
The fa cto rs th at tt[:t-oar to be lnportant and la flu o n tla l In pleoeaent o f
students fron vocational arrlcnlturo departments In famine; c^ro
follow s:
I . Tlio agricultural program.
d. Tlie supervised practice; prornsa.
3 . TLo teacher o f vocational agriculture.
4. TI30 follow-up program o f fom or studente.
5. Tlio background o f tho Individual.
0 . Experleooe in an occupation.
7.
The p o s s ib ilit ie s for entering an occupation th a t existed in
the home ca.nunlty.
In suiiuarising r e su lts o f tho study of the 140 in d ivid u als, a nmbor
o f conclusions nay be drawn.
1 . variation in ages between fa m laborers, fa m partners end fans
oenorc would indicate that these cum receiving training in vocational agri­
culture liavo boon using tlio "fam ladder noVnod of gettin g in to fam ing".
2 . 3o s ljn ifle a n t difforoace in the amount of training I s ovidont anong
tho various occupational groups with cm oxcoptlon.
Tlvoso actu ally engaged in
fa m in e h«r» rooolvod an average o f 3.2 years of training in vocational agri­
cu ltu re, willIo those in related end unrelated occupations have received an
- J 3~
aver a-o of 1*53 ;>ears o f trainin'; in vooat laacl ecricu ltu ro.
Ve
on ^ran f«rne tlm t hose tlio hi^ ioot poroonta-o of cmnod lend oro
noro apt to faro than those frc.i faros wiioro ownership status Is lower.
4 . Lore ttoaure o f tl;e parents i e -tore conducive t o plaoiaQ th e boys
o f th e f e n i l y in fa r o ng than a sh o rt J irlod o f ten u re.
5 . TliO number in th e fa m ily and th o nunbor s t i l l a t ho. a seonod. t o have
l i t t l o o f fo o t CKi th e ch o ice o f fa m in g a s an oocu p atlon .
6. EeeidtKico w h ile atten d in,; high sch o o l sooaod to Imvo l i t t l e or no
e f f e c t on p le e m o n t o f young non In fa m in g .
7* The t'-pe o f occupation during the s m ,or, thougji variable bctteou the
croups sotr cd t o exert l i t t i o or no influence on plaoouont.
0. Tho type and q u a lity of the euporviood practice prograa o f an individual
800
to be a good ground upon afcich to predict future occupation*
0 . Tbo typo o f feroiag practiced by an Individual i s influenced to a
groat extent by tlm type of fam ing practiced on the hone faro and to a
lesso r extent by h is supervised practice program In high efifcool.
10. Erosont occupation o f these individuals has boon influenced by the
occupation o f tho parents, op ortunity, in te ro c t, and oiiporienco.
11. Tlie g reatest probloc encountered in gettin g into fam ing was one of
financing tho puroimse o f a faro.
12« B olts of courses in vocational agriculture discovered to be nest help­
fu l arc thoso tim t arc adapted and applicable to "tiie pro cent faro or occupation*
IS.
Jnits o f courses in vocational agriculture lis te d as le a s t useful are
those unadopted or lm pplioable d iv isio n s.
■70
Considoriitloa of factors diccovorod to be i p rtant and oocolucioao
dreem caa the b asis o f th is study su jjo st the fcxilcsrici" roocirsTart^nt\ rtnnT
! • Ceroful celoction o f teachers o f vocational ajrloulturo*
C# Ceroful
go
loot ion o f studm ts fo r training in vocational ojrlcu ltu ro.
Se Conoentratioa on inprovoaont in nothode o f tooch ln j, selec tio n o f
subject n a tter end tooohinj a c tiv it ie s in vocational agriculture.
4 , IrsproVXiOHt of the supervised practice program
5* Development o f e core e ffe c tiv e follow-up p r ^ r tia w ith former stu d e n ts.
Ce The development o f store thorough and accurate records on present and
fonaer students to provide data upon which to base further I nprovcn en ts>
7.
Intension o f tho research prograi. concentrating on use oi1 material
developed through the keeping of more complete and accurate records.
This cu t ari sat ion ou goats to tlio author noi%' top ics tiiat deserve
consideration and devolo meat.
TliLr consideration nay help t o solve now
problems that w ill undoubtedly develop.
'71
AFFE3DIX
table
I . - . - ' dstaba
rom
used x s
s r o a a o pla c ^ eqt data
as womm ctusbshs
De t a r b je st o r t o c a h g b a l ao eico lto pa l e d x a t io b
BSLEEA, S D B tm .
Vo-Ag Fom Bo. 231
Dopiajrtoont
___ _
______ _______ ________ _
Totsr Dopartoont was o s t o l l i s h o d ....................
Yoar t h i s ro-'ort was nado
.................
_ .............. ....................
..................
.... .................. ..
F oalor o f IlyOurs l ieludod In t h i s r e p o r t ____ _____ Fraa I D
__ t o 19
Prooont Vo-j'G ln e tr a c to r ________________________________________
Status o f fom or all-d ay students who havo rooolvod
«30 or m ro year e o f vocational agricultural training
end aro not now In school •
1 . BuoflMr who own fam e or are laiying Amas . . . . . . . . .
2 . Bunbor who are routin g farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 . Budbor who aro TarnSHg with parents*
a . As port;ore under a d e fin ite ogroonent . . . . . .
b . On a cfaYfhlte or in d efin ite allouanco . . . . . . . . .
c . Developing cm or sore fa m onEorprTses
fron wiloh they reooivo the lnoooa . . . . . . . . . . .
d . Borhlng fo r wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 . Bunbor who are pertoere in a fam business
(Bet aa hone fa m ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 . BudLor who are fa m .onagers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. Budbor who are working on' fam e fo r wages . . . . . . . .
7 . litE&or in occupations rolatod to ftmISng . . . . . . .
6. Budbor in agricultural co lla g es . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Om Buubor continuing th e ir education in nooagricultural collogos and other liictllhrCloxis . . . . .
10.
iocTr
oc c u; ^^cHc V« .7 T .. . . . . .
11. Buabor doooaco5T . ^ .
.....................
12. Buebor not reported*
Se 'oVod away frees, the coonunity . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b . Other ............ ....
TOTAL
REPORT DOE
72-
ZK=LE n ^ —m t a c f c n c B s
BEPAamsngs
vat
vocational acricoltohb
In ra tin e tb o vocuuloari a g ric u ltu r a l d o -artv o n ts according to tint
olovm 'jotullnc a on tlio r a tin g Blwot oonsldor th e rollosrln,; p o in ts unclor
t h e i r roe ootivo !codings, Ploaso uoo # # Tollosrlac porooatago rating*
dnoolloGt r a tin g - Ol - loo por cen t
Good ra tin g
6 1 - 0 0 :>or cent
Avorage ra tin g
41 - 60 por eont
P a ir ra tin g
21 - 40 p e r cent
Pocar ra tin g
1 - 2 0 por coat
I . Chop Program
A. Type of InetruotlcKj sad do: K rastrntio a
B. Iindc o f p ro je c ts oonstruotod
Ce C arry-over t o th e hcrao fa ro
I I . A g ric u ltu ra l Prograa
A. Metiiode used in p resenting a u to r ia l and su b ject u a tto r
Be Tlo-up w ith th e cof.aaunity and Iiccb faro s
Ce Seasonal o o rre la tio n of su b je c t n e tto r
De E ffectiv en ess of f io ld ivork
Be C *rrj-avor o f c la s s ln s tru c tlm i t o tlio ham fe rn
I I I e Luporvieod P ra ctice Progren
Ae S lso and scope of p ro je c ts
3# Dogroo adapted to the oc^nmii^y
Ce vnoralilp
Be GrcftvtIi
IVe Shop Squlpncnt
A* Ccciplotanoso o f to o l l i e t e f o r s k i l l s taught and p ro je c ts
co n structed
Be d to d to use in th e Iioao fa ro shops
C. F a c il i ti e s f o r sto rin g and re p a irin g
De Floor epaoo o r roou
Be L ig h t, h e a t, and v e n tila tio n
Ve
A g ricu ltu ral Equlpaoat
Ae Completeness o f rcforonco m xtorlal
B e A v a ila b ility o f th e roforoaoo m t o r i a l t o th e boys
Ce Ca-plotenoac o f equipment f o r douonstra tio n s m d f i e l d %/ork
De Ilo o r space, ta b le s , c h a ir s , b o a t, l i g h t , and v e n tila tio n
V I. In s tru c to rs
Ae I n te r e s t
Be Atibltion
Ce Tem re
D* CImraoter
'73-
TABLS I I , (Coatinaod)
V II. I^spertaont Location
A. L ocation as t o d e s i r a b i li t y o f type of Baraing c a rrie d on in tlso
patronage a re a
VIII*
H v e a ln s S tib o d i
A, ex isten ce of an oveniag school
B» Type
C, Hollawup program
IX# P art-tim e Lohool
A, Lax- a s ow ning school w ith more orubaeie on th e foHow-up and
plticoExmfc jMrecroa
Xe A dditional Pol low-up Progrm
Ae A c tiv ity in continuing c o n ta cts w ith fo m o r students
B» Program used in place of p a rt- tiu o or evening eclioolc
C, P . i . Ae alucail ja*ognxa
XI, Puturo Poraor Program
A, Program of work
B, A c tiv ity
C, Boeults
•74*
TABLE I I I * —GCBEDOLE FOB RATILO VOCATKmL AGRICULTURAL
DBrARRBBTS OP LOUTALA
bo.
cTiop • - . >
of
‘TO- VO-*
Dopte
I
IT *
Z
T
*T*“
T
9
I5 ~
li
"X2
Tzr~
T<T
W
VT'
IT "
IT "
ID
Zo~
2T"
2T
Z€
2T~
23“
2T
23“
23“
TRT
. V. Ciiop
Equip
v-; •
vo-L . VOl >
UTlCe
I 11. V. „
vq C: '. cLroc* . . X V ' - Inc
I l X) !‘Oil CR'.* I ro 11 X - Lcaool Lciaool
to r
75-
TABLE IV.—SCHOOLS IN LOWER OIiE-TRIRD IN PLACEMENT
No.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Per Cent
P lace:t .
23
30
37
23
17
43
50
23
10
10
23
43
30
12.5
24
50
50
30
57
57
57
37
10
10
23
37
43
30.0
10
77
77
77
77
57
83
83
30
57
57
57
77
37.5
19
37
50
57
37
50
43
83
10
10
37
37
50
38.5
21
83
57
30
85
57
50
37
10
37
43
50
43
42.25
I
70
65
50
63
70
77
77
17
50
70
57
70
45.32
14
23
50
43
63
63
45
37
10
10
30
50
43
46.0
20
43
50
50
63
63
70
70
17
30
65
50
57
51.0
12
43
50
50
50
50
37
50
10
10
30
30
50
51.25
7
30
37
37
43
37
77
50
43
17
30
50
30
51.5
-
70-
TABLE IV Contiauod.— SCnOOLL IB IIIDDLB ODB-TIIIRD IB RLACinOUT
D
10
11
12
/o r
I-V-:: ...
57
10
10
30
43
32.5
'33
10
37
50
03
37
53.5
30
70
17
17
37
37
37
00.0
70
43
30
10
23
57
43
43
01.25
30
57
57
OS
17
37
43
50
57
33.5
43
37
57
03
77
10
17
50
CO
37
04.20
GO
43
37
43
GO
CS
10
10
37
50
GO
05.0
30
37
23
37
37
50
23
10
10
w3
50
30
05.0
30
50
57
57
50
43
43
OS
10
30
30
43
50
05.75
22
57
57
43
37
30
57
30
17
30
50
50
50
00.75
Ho,
I
2
3
4
C
C
7
27
43
*05
CO
30
50
30
43
25
50
43
50
50
50
50
4
57
50
43
57
57
15
53
50
37
03
23
43
45
43
8
30
43
2D
Cu
G
O
77IABLB 17 Contlaued#—CCZ30LS IE HIGE (KIB-TZHED IE PL&CE^SS?
no.
I
2
3
4
5
C
7
Q
9
10
11
12
Dor CoJT"
: laco: 2 .
17
30
CO
37
43
CO
43
DO
17
17
43
50
43
CO.G
11
43
70
OO
43
70
CS
77
10
25
77
DO
77
75.5
15
43
57
57
43
50
77
77
17
57
03
53
'/O
70.0
10
CO
57
EY
77
70
03
70
-C
17
57
57
70
00.5
IU
43
CO
30
30
50
70
37
17
10
37
23
45
00.70
9
CO
77
53
CS
77
90
77
43
57
57
57
77
31.5
5
CO
CO
57
43
CS
70
77
50
30
70
57
70
05.75
2
50
40
20
CO
50
37
10
17
23
37
23
00.5
20
43
43
SG
43
43
GO
70
10
17
37
43
60
90.5
3
CO
43
43
70
57
57
57
25
30
37
45
60
94.25
07
'73-
TABLS 7 .—fLACELOZI? OT FOaEa SfOHBBS IE SO FOCAfKSAL ACHICULTU3E BSEFidBEESOS
B e lt
Big Candy
Big Tidbor
B illin c e
Boaouan
Drowning
Caeoado
Chinook
Chotosu
Conrad
Boor Lodge
Denton
B illo n
Glaegoe
HarlotTton
nig’srood
X a lle p ell
Leerlstona
' IanImttan
l ll o s C ity
!Useotole
Hoooasin
!Cicaoldioll
Opboin
Poleon
Sirxis
TGKCisond
V alior
m ilto h a ll
"Voztkm
T otal
S^m lng
Faroing 6
Rolatod
Bnrol.
: o 'd l
I n teaming arxT rb lc te rf OaoigmtjLone
Co. o:
For Cent Faniing
F et. P e t.
Dop-c
TTith Total P o t. P et. P e t. P e t. Fee. In
in
I PT. P ot. Farrs- Fan-L Fam Far , Fam P ul. L1Ti.Con­ I e n t­ F a rt- LaLoy OC- Col—
Inc
or
OU . logos
norc ore
ors
e rs
aro
Vo-. g
4. Cw 1.44 10.54 13.07 4 .X
ICG 45.32 27.53 5.0
20
30.5 09.2
7.09 19.23 0 .
■--.CO 11.53 7.09
04.25 01.95 27.53 5.44 3.44 39.02 17.24 - 9 ■
37
45
00.00 55.55 4.44 2 0 .X 0 .
C l. X 2.2.*
103
05.75 04,33 19.04 5.95 10.71 29.10 17.80 3.97
05.00 GO. 00 17.50 25.00 2 .X 15.00 2 .X 2 .X
40
0.
SI
51.50 32.25 0.40 0 .
25.00 12.00 0.45
ICO 04.25 53.57 25.00 0.57 C.15 15.57 7.35 2.35
92
31.50 33.04 3.20 5.43 10. GO 1C.47 23.20 15.21
2 .X 7 .X
37.50 27.50 10.00 10.00 7 .X 0 .
40
0.00 3.03 22.22 0.03
45
75.50 44.44 23.00 0 .
2 .24 7.00 5.12
SG 51.25 33.40 5.12 7.09 0.
53.53 13.33
75
70.00 29.53 15.35 10.00 0.
0.
5.-5 20.20
120
40.00 17.40 3.17 4.70 0.
01.25 40.93 10.32 0.10 2.04 20.40 14.23 0 .
40
30.75 42.00 3.22 0.44 0 .
32.23 20.05 9,07
31
151
09.00 59.01 15.23 X .C ' I . 9U 11.93 0.02 2.04
100
30.50 05.30 20.40 30.10 4.06 10.72 11.22 4 .X
44
30.30 27.27 0 .
13.10 0 .
G.X 11.30 0 .
114
31.00 21.00 0.14 7 . GG 5.28 1.75 *?r AG 4.53
1.92 21.15 5,70
42.25 15.53 13.40 1.92 0 .
52
29.41 5.30
51
00.75 31.57 19.00 11.70 0 .
0.
4.10 4.10 4.10
24
0.
0.
12.50 4.10 0 .
4 .X 10.00 o . x
30.00 3.00 2 .X 2.00 0 .
50
41
53.50 41.43 12.19 1 2 .IG 2.45 14.03 9.75 7.31
CF.CL 9 .X 5.71
105
90.50 75.25 0.01 12.35
21
5^.50 SG.09 4.70 4.70 4.70 23.00 9 .X 4.70
33 OS. 20 57.57 9.09 12.12 10.10 o.x 30.50 0,00
4.05 13.90 4.05
05.00 40.51 9.50 Cw.tO 0 .
45
140 05.75 52.05 C.57 22.03 7.14 14.20 7.14 5.71
.
4nf V * V w
2230
05.54 40.70 12.34 12.00
io g : 20.97 20.15
MXlS
09.73 1C. Cl 19.03
3.17 17.CC 14.90
0,94 37.92
4.33 2-.44 22.33
..
B UnroTL
.
C U .
CU.
Total in
in
P e t. Fn■_;rl.
:
:ccu.i C -tI TFvS
34.00 Lu. L 2.C3
ll.CC 3 . 24 7 .GG
3.74 0.
v.74
40.00 37.77 2 .CU
14.23 ic .e e 1.19
33.00 - .CO 0 .
40.33 4 5 .lv
27.14 34.wF 3.05
10.47 11.35 G.52
02.50 51.30 11.20
24.44 17.77 u*G0
45.71 22.-1 20.20
24.00 12.00 8 .X
55.93 .2.00 5 .X
30.77 X .2 0 0.10
19.35 1C.IC
31.12 L .42
.X
15.39 12.25 7.14
C1.3C 47.72 13.23
49.14 44.73 4.30
57.00 32. CF CL.GO
27.44 . .23
37.50 72. CD 1 2 .X
7 0 .X CU.Ov 4 .X
41.40 C l.70 9.75
9.32 0.C2 0.
4.70 4. VU 0 .
Ce.Cv 15.15
0.
- ,.F - 0.97
34.20 22.27 5.71
. . -
J-
V tW • W
.
34*40 -U.37
5.39
7.43
IX '
CU. 27 IL .12
I.
-7 9 TABLE TI
PERSONAL INFORlIATION
Name_______
Age ___________
Address
High
School Attended
Number of years in high school________
Graduation date
Number of years en ro lled in Vocational A griculture
High School IQ _____
Rank in H, S. c la ss ( t h ir d s ) H
Rank in c la ss in Vocational A griculture
H
Did you ever a tten d P art-tim e school? ____________
M
M
L
L
Evening school?
Schooling in addition to high school
I I . INFORMATION ON PARENTS
Name___________________________
Address
Occupation
I f Farming;
Home farm lo c a tio n ___________________________________
Size of home farm in acres_____________ Acres owned
Acres rented __________________________
Acres c u ltiv a te d
Acres in p a s t u r e ______________ Is the farm fre e of debt?
I f e n tire farm i s re n te d ;
Years p resen t farm has been rented
Number of farms rented in the past 20
years
Major e n te rp rise s on the home farm
Supplementary e n te rp ris e s on th e home farm _____
Minor e n te rp ris e s on the home farm ________________________
Number in th e fam ily ______________
Boys
G irls
Age
Number s t i l l a t home
Location
M arital S tatus
30• 2 I I I . RESIDENCE AND OCCUPATION TOIILE ATTENDING HIGH SCHOOL
Residence while attending high school:
With own fam ily on the home farm
Not w ith own fam ily, but on a farm
in town
__________
in town
Summer occupation while attending high school:
On home farm w ith d e fin ite allowance_________________
Amount
On home farm without d e fin ite allowance
IV.
On farm
S tatus _____________
Income
In town
S tatus
Income
SUPERVISED PRACTICE PROGRAIi TOIILE ATTENDING HIGH SCHOOL
%
Ownership
Kind, Size and Scope of E nterprise
Class
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
Ownership and investm ent in farm equipment, liv e sto c k , and supplies upon
graduation from high school ___________________________________________
V.
PRESENT OCCUPATION
I f Farming:
Size of farm
Chvned Acres
__
Ownership s ta tu s ___________________________
Rented Acres
__
Acres in crops ____________________ Acres in p a s tu r e ___________
Livestock, kind and number;
Crops, kind and acres.
-Q l—3 —
I f farming on the home farm, business agreement
I f in occupation other than farm ing:
Year
Occupation
Salary-
P o s s ib ilitie s fo r advancement
Reason fo r entering th is occupation
Did you wish to a tten d college upon graduation?
Did you have the opportunity and funds to atten d college?
Did you attem pt to get work in other f ie ld s before beginning to farm?
Would you have gone in to farming i f you could have entered another field ?
What p a rts in your course in Vocational A griculture did you find most
h e lp fu l? ____________
What p a rts in your course in Vocational A griculture have been le a s t helpful?
At th e present time what phases of your work do you wish th a t you knew more
about?
-CCTAULS TIT.—CO": LATIO:: 'OiTiULA XhD
TIjo fo rn u la uood In developing th e c o o fflo lo n t of c o rre la tio n I s aa
f o i l Otirc i
r s r
'.....
^V -
“
vlioa: X Ie th e lndopendtait v a ria b le
T Ie tlio dopondoat v a ria b le
Ux i s th e a ritiia o tlc m a n of th e X v a ria b le
U, i s th e a r l t io o t i o m a n of tlio T v arlab lo
3 equals the nudbor of aivalre o f varlaL los
Z i s equal to th e sun o r aeeoe snm n tio n
r equals th e cooL fic ie n t o f c o rre la tio n
^ liulercw, Larold, C ., A g r icu ltu r a l % tatist l c o , ImpiA;!lclia(f ioanusZ"
c r i p t , Lii-Loojrapbod, Ziontam rZfCatV CfolYaJo/ 'Jamiarv, I D-IO, p . 00.
-O S -
EftELS v n . — m um iE !
pr o je c t
R r ^ J i n z m ? ? : foh ? ik state
IiOiao o f
?roJoct
Hind o f
r o j o c t _____ le t Yow
Boof
c& ttlo
Baby Loof
Brooding puro
Lrod
Brooding
range
Dairy
BUk
ooMS
!roaring d a iry
Gtcdvoe
h e ife r
Itaro bred
stock
F o o ltry
Laying
atcliory flo ck
Capons
Turknys
Geoeo
Ducks
»:.J Yuur
Src
:t
W i V e u.;>I
V*
5 w ith crop ourr. B atural L;o,
2 lie ifo rs
(s-c )
Boo, own a b u ll
or brood to
b u ll b e tto r
than Iioifore
#
plus crop
5 cows crop sift
or 2 a , hay
2 cows c a lf
Supp, crop pro­
je c t
5 c a l tog Ct food
supp.
^
G -
3
Iucroaac
(10 lioad)
B a t.
ft
O
2 cose
fo re
iftw *
tf
i
L oi-
Cl
t
5 norc calves
crop supp.
Conti uatioB
I
B a t, increase
Bat. Incroaco
250-500 Chlx
100 p u lle ts
100 lions
B at, lncroace
L t le a s t
100 hens
CdB1 6 crop
supp.
Access to f . B ,
b u ll
CO -IO O
CO
5 lions, I tcEi
3 £0080, I
gander
TC ducks f o r
nor Bot
5 liens, I to n
3 £0020, I
gander
10 hives
Booe
Bonoy prod.
6 stands
H aas
Bow t- l i t t o r
I scar
Foodor hogs
or jra a ru u .
l l t t o r 2 sows L l i t t o r
P , B . , crop
S u p p , food
supp.
10 Iiead (ou .;> SD head
Food supply
oar l o t f o r
. claao l. cron
&
B a t.
O
InortHiso
f)
«
H
e
n
Car l o t
- 04 -
tlBLS VIII. Cantlnuodt
ChOOp
R eelstorod o r
I3Uro tro d
C owe lndbs
Duli o r ~rado
lodbe
25 t o s t a r t
10 iieod a t
f l -IsIi
Guaraor creos
10-15
Tooders siioop
"
old
Ledbc (oar
l o ts 240)
Old sljoop
(oar l o ts -IO )
25
GO head w ith
foods CUjy1 .
Crssrlng
EttO lodL-s
honeo brood­
ing
JO i and with
rooards on
bond
5 o rig in a l &
owo lsdbe
hu t. Inc.vaso
10 lloto owo
ladbs than pre­
vious y r . Suec.
( a l l bucks
should be cold
and cwo laabs
Lout Iit to vo;ilaco bucko or
t ratio fo r owes)
Hat. Inoroaso
E at. inoroaeo
BffiIZ VIII. Gontlnnodi
l o t i,"oar
Dry-land vlieat
P artnorahl
r o Joot - h,
lo_ ;
to L:0
to r i t cro , I us Leo lug c o st account re ­
cords oc e n tir e f i e l d
aero L LuLlow
a cres crop
LooorLs o:: both e n tir e
f i e l d e o r GG acres of
vhout p-i c an a : l ml
hue: a a d r • t r o jo c t.
25 a c re s in crop - f u l l
re s p o n s ib ility
GG a cres f o l l o w p lu s
Gv u c r e c o f crop o r an
C-Croc
r u l l cxmorshlp
2nd yoox
GG
GG
. . . : . rrCMGCt.
Eocls whoat
P u ll osmorEiiip - 5 acroc
2 'jour proJoot
end crop
P u ll re s p o n s ib ility
20 acres
I r r le o te d W ioat
Dlsocnrego ozoept f or
food purposes In con­
nect I oq w ith Am He
p ro je c t - 10 a cres
Ge
Gpuds
Sesr-spud soctlons
I eo re BBrket
"In fieaerti. d l occurs, o
5 acres
Spade
Spud se ctio n s
5 acres
Dry land f l e s
P artn ersh ip p ro je c t
15 Gcroc belonging to
boy In crop l a sod
plus keeping ooet
account records on
e n tir e f i e l d
15 aores f a l l e n
15 acres crop
Boeords both e n tir e f ie ld s
or 25 a cres of wheat plus
an A* Le p ro je c t
Pullosmorehlp
IG a cres In f l m - f u l l
re s p o n s ib ility
15 a cres fallo w plus CS
a cres crop o r on A* Iie
jprojeot
Ro^letorod
G isc c u r a g o
10 aero E crop
acres
d i tt o
-3 0 I I I . Contlnuod:
Barloy A (Ms
dry-land f o r
food mlt', A. H.
Zaleod fo r food Ir; con­
nection With OH Ae He
p ro je c t - 10 aorue
Zaloy & Qate
f o r Gale
CO a cres
Barley irrigated
witli A. He project
10 acres
lgaieod f o r s a le
Meocurage
"CO a cres I f taken"
13 acres in connection
v l t .. ;i. p ro je c t
15 a cres In conncotion
witii Ae He p ro je c t
- 07 -
SfiHLB DC,—ZI0B7ASA VOCATKmL ACSICtX T ^ S DBPASZZ3TS AID LOCATKS
1930-40
Tost Offloo
1#
2.
3.
4.
Se
Ge
7e
Ge
Be
IOe
Abeorokoo
B elfry
Belgrade
Bolt
dig Pork
B lj Sandy
B ij TlcLor
B lllln c o
Doeoran
Brldjor
H e E rasm lnj
12e
13#
14»
15»
IGe
17.
10»
19»
20.
21.
22.
25.
24.
Coccado
Cboctor
Chinook
Chotoou
Conrad
Culbortnon
Door Lodge
Denton
D illo n
Duttcsa
Talrfiold*
F o rt Benton
Olocgoet
2 5 . Ilnrdln
20#
27.
-Ge
20.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
SG.
57.
33.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Horlowton
MgtHood
IIingIlQG
Hinodolo
Jo p lin
E alicyoll
Laurol
Losdctaen
Lodgo Cruse
Loaopino
Malta
IZunhttfctaa
Medicine Loko
Miloe C ity
Miesouln
Moccasin
PuceolsIioll
Httao o f School
Abearoioeo High School
B elfry High SoItool
Belgrade High School
B olt Volloy Higii School
Big Fork High ScLool
Big zaady nigh Zoheol
Seoot Cruse Co. High School
B illin g s IELgh School
Cellafcln Co. High School
Bridgor Sigli School
Lrcwniiig IIlgh School
Caeonde IIigIi Soiiool
Choetcr n igh School
Chinook High School
Totem County IELgh School
Canrod Idgh School
Culborteon IELgh Sohcml
Powoll Co. High School
Denton High School
Boavor'load Co. High School
Dutton High School
F a ir f ie ld High School
F o rt Benton High School
Glasgow High School
Httrdia High School
Harlowton High School
IIiglamod High School
HinglttG High School
Hlnsdolo High School
Jo p lin High School
FlatlKXid Co. HigIi School
Laurol IELgh School
Forrue Co. High School
Lodge Gross High Sotmol
Lonopino IIigh School
Malta High School
Manhattan High School
Medicine Laho High School
Custor Co. High School
IIieeoula Co. IHgh Sohool
Moccasin High School
Huaeolelioll High School
Cooata
S tillm to r
Carbon
G a lla tin
Cascado
Flatiioad
Chouteau
Snoot Grass
Tol locrct ace
G a lla tin
Csrbm
Glaoior
Casoudo
L iberty
Blaine
Toton
Pcndara
Booeovolt
Powell
Forgua
Doavorhead
Toton
Toton
CIiOUteau
Volloy
Dig Horn
TH,O titland
Cboutoeu
L iberty
Volloy
L iberty
Kalls p e ll
Yellowstone
Forgus
Big IIora
Senders
P h illip s
G a lla tin
Sheridan
Custor
Missoula
Jhditl- Busin
M ucselsholl
- h3G-
m 8 S 8 8 _ 6 6 6 S 6 $ 6
TAELB IX* CcKitlauedi
Opheln
Poison
Power
Eoma
Sooboy
Sidney
S lm s
Stanford
Gtovcmsvllle
Tcwnsead
Twin Bridges
V alior
Tfhltehall
Tlorden
Ophein High School
Polaon High School
Power High Soliool
Eooun IHgh School
Soobov High School
Sidnay IHgh School
S im s High School
Stanford High School
S tovonsville IHgh ScIiool
Broadwator Co* High School
Twin Bridges High School
V alior High School
B hltohftll Bigli School
IIuxitloy P ro je ct High Sohool
Valley
Lake
Totcn
Lake
Daniels
Eiciuand
Cascade
Juditii Basin
E e m lli
Broadwater
Madison
Pandora
Jefferso n
Yollowctono
* IIow Schools
A. 17. Johnson, Supervisor o f A gricu ltu ral Education, Dosonen
D, L. EacDonald, Assi Gtant Supervisor o f A g ric u ltu ra l M uoatloa, Bosonan
R* II* Pal n o r. A g ricu ltu ral "otic;or T rain er, Montana S ta te C o lle je , Bosenan
JtoOKBTLEKEaEBTS
Tlio sutlior would lik e t o esprosa Id s tlisa rc oad apprecia­
tion. t o !Ir. E. He Palnor f o r Itie ttscletonoo
counsel in a l l
phasoe o f t h i s stu d y , to !Ir* Ikirold Oalcrow fo r au^rostionc in
developing c o rro la tlo n o , and t o Dr. E. R. Honao and !Jr. 0. 8 .
Croic f o r e d itin g t b s n anueoript.
-OOBIBUOGnAHflf
I . Anderson, C. S», Out of Ccliool ru ra l Yocth Hntor Farnln^j Pennsylvania
Dtate Colloeo Gchool of A e H a ilH ro maii 'Exp. 'fito.V
ho. 385, J e rm rv s
G. B elloy, L. J . , Ilio !!leratlo a o f Boys Thro Have Ctudlod Vocetloiml Ayrlc u ltu ro , AgrleuiEureT hdtm etlSi mguBCok/ % 1 . Ls bo. Gs I u e u s ts iOoJ.
3« DollCRms Ctanloy L ., Bcln,; Tho Dolrool fe rn In foecl.! : ^ , A e rlo u ltu ra l
hduoatlon Ia je z ln e s Vol. Ts BoV Tifs T p H lT lV T c,' p. 13D.
4 . Batoc, Ci r l E vorotts Influonco of Vocational A erloulturo on tlm Vcouvetlo n a l A ttitu d es of P t^ T s s A T lo n V /V il^ r E T ^ T T c V o ^ o T T l 'V ^
IQieT*
5« Cook, Olon C herlac, A handbook on Boaolxlnj Vocational A jrlo u ltu re ,
In to ro ta to P rln td n j- CoT^ D curviT T oV T iT liw i^^li' E d ltiS is io v io ed , 1353.
C. Dei-olf, Oeoor IIalls EffloIcnoy In Vootetlo ca l A crioulturo. ttiyubllehod
tim e! 3, Dtolverslty oT ’ TcVo-ur
7« Grojorys E. E .s Vocatlorml
I c u ltural Eduoatlou In Pleoonont, Addroee
a t Anorioon VocaVi'ansTXssocIa iio n conforonco, 'br^.dT xV dcV h lo h lja n ,
Iooonbors 1039, J . Gs Qfflod o f Bduoatioc BIso. Pub. EoL 2232.
3 . IIaallns II. B ., Boadlnjs Polatod to Cfcjoctlvos fo r AyrIcultuxx?, C ollojlatx)
Impose, In o ., Anoes Iowa,’ YoVV
9 . IJoraons W. B ., BonLant, Cuporlntondoa t of PuLllo ln e tr u o tlm Poports 1904-10.
Indopondont PcT llX 3nj CaiymnpV'"lJoTocn., Tm tanaVTSTc.
'
——
10. Illtclioooks Ceas S ta tu s of Bqraor All-Itoy Ctudentes B«r>ort a t T w enty-first
P&olflo B ojl on Conference, J ta e sTOJuJ.
11. Lancolots W. n . , A Handbook o f Steeohlne Ck i l l s . John Wiloy A Sons. In o ..
How York C ity , lTclH
--------12. Ltinoolots • II., U ltln ato O bjectives In Vocational A g ricu ltu re, A ericultu r a l hduoatlon Bajazino, V olV T / -'o. Ys p . b, July, TS2SV ’
13. LetIirops P . Ws , E ffoctlvonocc of Vocational education In A jrio u ltu re s
Bodoral D ullo tin f a r VocatIonaT tBiucatIons ¥ u l. Co. A , A jriV .' oorl’se
Do. 13, 1953.
14. L a ttI j , 12. E s, P ra c tic a l Ilothods of Toachlat; Voeatio ul A jrlo u Itu re s
IoG rw -Q lll Dooic dorupoiy^lloV Tori. 1JiiVys' 'lGlZV
•31 —
15. Lick'd,
C lark, Haw F i f t y Touny .‘Jon Beewao E a ta tlld io d In Fannlzir. Tlio
A g ricu ltu ral Eduoa^LoB V ^ s T n o , f o i . l b ,
T 5 8 £ p£ IZZ.
i5 . -*ony, t . i l l l a a T ., A Fom '"Iilch ToacIaro I’jr / Uco to Dotemlno Opportunltioo
°£ 52B2. J25. °E
A crIcuTturo, Canton, HctT York, 1350.
77.
T^riTCoi f e s r i r —
17. Lovo, Zijrvo-/ or& m, Q u a llflca tlo n e f o r Sobomb in TeacLlnn JLTlculturG.
Unpubllebed th o s ie , I j r j i n l a : eTyT:ounic !!n e tltu to ,' blaolixl'vnv:’ ' t’u . T ^
1DSC.
10. Loto-am, ::. Le, PoI bqc Voca tio n a l A yrlcultu ro P ructieo Darn. Zlcaztcna Voca­
tio n a l A yriculturo ToaaIwro^
P o p G ^ ,n ^ % c Z ri7 ta tc Colloyo,
Bottffiian, Juno, 1930.
10. Ltartln, E a rl, Croup Fam ine Procrun , The A y rlo u ltu rel Education UaliOSino.
Vol. I I , Do. 7 , ' T ^eruiuv, I JS5, p . ISO.
20. i^-ore, C. E ., Effoetlvenoso o f Vocational Education In A g ricu ltu re. A r l e Eduo. Sorlos !forru,"T }uT r'd27----------------------------- - —
-------------21. EioIiole, Fork, Survey of S ta tus of Fom or All-Day Students of Vocatlmial
' :
- "
' " T
........ ^
Juno, I 359.
22. PuLuor, R. U., The L a^;-T l a Planning ZToyran, DojMirtuont o f A g ricu ltu ral
Education niceoyrepLod C irc u la r, july% T ^ T / 15 p p ., Uoazt. S ta te Colloco.
23. Palrzor, H. II., Four-Toor F u r : P lcnrjny I r o jr a a , Berm rtrent o f A g ricu ltu ral
Sducation rilmoograplM)di olroul& r, jbg»,~T5S5,~~13 p p ., Uont. S tato Collot e .
24. Prossor and A llen, Vocational Education i n a Donocracy. Centur*/ Cceznanv.
Ilw York, 1 9 2 5 . -------------------------------------------------- ^
'
25. B o w el, John Dale, Advisory Coanlt to o t S Boport an Vocational Education t o
Tlao Iron !d o s t, S tu t^ Ik#' 8,
S." uo
1C T ztin y O fflw ,
Dm C ., 1958.
25. S id tli, F. A ., Individual Survey of Slaoonont Oppor t u n it i e s In tiio a l l l l a a Cton Aroa, IdcM yan S tate Co llo c o .^ a o t lMKaci%, lilo 4 ii^ n ,“T sS S r
27. S tin so n , R. W., TIzo Occupational S tatus of V ocatia a l A yrieulturo Graduates
in IIassaoIrusotts, AyrTouTEunu*1 (fwoMon U a^ulno,'T o ! ! I , bo. 4, A -T il,
1323.
20. Sutlzorlcnd, S. S ., Can Ao Prod io t Toaohlny Cuoooco, A yricu ltu ral Qducatioa
Uayaslno, Vol. X, AugueE, I W , ' pp." '212.35.
Suthorlan d , 5 , Se# Suporvleod TartMlus,; —T octordife Todoi', sad Tc Jorrou*.
The A crlo u ltu ral B fuootloc' ^ ^ bVIuo, VolV T f / To. 13“," AprTTV 1333V—
Pe 130e
30. Toton County Planning C c m ltto o , Tax A grloultu rc l P olicy f o r Toton County.
Land Tco lim n in g ComdLttoo, Totcei County, TIaatanSaVV li;joogi^h^,"S 8 p p .,
J u l y , 1939#
3 1 , Tru:ipor, day, P lfto o n th D icn n lal Hoport or tJio Suporlntoadant o f T3U hllo
I n s tr u o tlo a . IndoponcionF P u H isliln g C.a.pony, ISolonc.,
52« Sat-JGrlos o f S tu d io s in A g r lo u ltu ra l I d u o a tlo n , Voo. TA. B ui. So# 180#
Sorlos So# 4 7 . U#‘ S . Clovornaont T rintlxig11D.. fio o , Saoh lngton . D. C ,.
Juno, 1935.
*
X,*'
3^,. ... S* Dopt. o f I n t e r io r , O ffic e oT S d u m tla n , D lhliography o f Iloocaroh
Studi o In Education, 1934-35, IDoSf SO, 1 9 3 0 - 5 , 1 :0 7 -3 0 , T ulT oitn lfo. 5 ,
'J0 t . Govonmmt M n t l n g O ffloo, taoialngtoa, D. C.
3 4 . J. S . Dopt. o f I n t e r io r , O ffic e o f E ducation, P u l. S o . 2 , Study So# 0 ,
T. 5# Govaroomt Printing O ffloo, Washington, D. C ., 1337.
PO. Young, 0 . L ., O ccupational D lfitrlhutlcsn o f High School Graduatoe According
t o Curriotlua"*ToIloudd in high SciVcVV ciT cu Itu r& l kduoatian
lVfVTV^:o‘VX:7YV'13T.
--------