The details of construction of the char plant at Montana State College
by Robert L Quesenberry
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering at Montana State College
Montana State University
© Copyright by Robert L Quesenberry (1955)
Abstract:
Presented in this thesis are the details of construction of the continuous coal charring plant located at
Montana State College . Twelve drawings are included—the first is a simplified flow diagram of the
entire plant and the other eleven are specific diagrams of the various parts of the plant.
The coal was transported to the top of a retort by an auger and traveled through the retort by gravity
flow. The retort was constructed of four concentric vertical cylinders, The coal traveled through the
annular space between the two inner cylinders and the innermost cylinder was revolved in order to
agitate the coal to insure its flow through the retort. The rate at which the coal traveled through the
retort was governed by the speed at which discharge augers were driven. The resulting char was ground
to 3/8-in. minus and was then stockpiled in a storing shed.
The retort received the required heat from a gas-fired furnace and the heat traveled through the annular
space between the second and third cylinders and the center of the innermost cylinder of the retort.
The volatile gases were drawn off from the annular space between the two outer cylinders by a blower
mounted near the top of the retort and were blown to a cyclone separator which removed any dust
particles. The gases then passed to a tar knockout drum in which the temperature was maintained at
such a level that the tar (or any high boiling materials) was condensed. Two absorption columns were
used to separate the creosote and light oils through the use of a straw oil solvent in a counter-current
absorption process. The dry gases were flared. THE DETAILS’ OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHAR PLANT
AT MONTANA STATE COLLEGE
by
ROBERT L . QUESENBERRT
A THESIS
Subm itted t o th e G rad u ate F a c u lty
in
p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f th e re q u ire m e n ts
f o r th e d e g re e o f
M aster o f S cien ce i n Chem ical E n g in ee rin g
at
Montana S ta te C ollege
Approved:
HeadL M ajor Departmejafc*/
C hain
Examinini
Immittee
Bozeman 3 Montana
J u ly , 1955
'Ll
p i n t
a s ' 11
-2 -
TABLE OF OONTMTS
Page
A b s tra c t
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3
I n t r o d u c t i o n ............................................ ........................................... ...................... .... .
4
The Ghar P la n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
The F urnace
9
. . . . . . .
..........................
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The R e to rt . , . . . , . . . , , , . , . , . . , . , , . . . . . . . , 1 1
The B y-product Recovery System
Power R equirem ent
..................
13
. . . . . , . , , , , . . . . . , . . . , 1 4
S p e c if ic a t io n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Acknowlegement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
A ppendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
1 1 "S I 1
ABSTRACT
P re s e n te d in t h i s t h e s i s a re th e d e t a i l s o f c o n s tr u c tio n o f th e
c o n tin u o u s c o a l c h a r r in g p la n t lo c a te d a t Montana S ta te C o lleg e 0 Twelve
draw ings a r e in c lu d e d —-th e f i r s t i s a s im p lif ie d flo w diagram o f th e en­
t i r e p la n t and th e o th e r e le v e n a r e s p e c i f i c diagram s o f t h e v a rio u s
p a r ts o f t h e ■p l a n t .
The c o a l was_ transported!" t o th e to p o f a r e t o r t by a n a u g er and
tr a v e le d th ro u g h th e r e t o r t by g r a v i t y flow * The r e t o r t was c o n s tru c te d
o f fo u r c o n c e n tric v e r t i c a l c y lin d e r s , The c o a l tr a v e le d th ro u g h th e
a n n u la r sp ace betw een th e two in n e r- c y lin d e r s and th e in n erm o st c y lin d e r
was re v o lv e d i n o rd e r t o a g i t a t e th e c o a l to in s u r e i t s flo w th ro u g h th e
r e t o r t . The r a t e a t which t h e c o a l tr a v e le d th ro u g h th e r e t o r t was gov­
ern ed by th e spded a t which d is c h a rg e a u g ers were d r iv e n . . The r e s u l t i n g
c h a r was ground t o 3 / 8 - i n . minus and was th e n s to c k p ile d i n a s to r in g
shed.
The r e t o r t re c e iv e d th e r e q u ir e d h e a t from a g a s - f i r e d fu rn a c e and
th e h e a t tr a v e le d th r o u g h 'th e a n n u la r sp ace betw een th e second ancl t h i r d
c y lin d e r s and th e c e n te r o f th e innerm ost c y lin d e r o f th e r e t o r t .
The v o l a t i l e g a se s were drawn o f f from t h e a n n u la r sp ac e betw een th e
two o u te r c y lin d e r s b y a blow er mounted n e a r th e t o p o f th e r e t o r t and
w ere blown t o a c y clo n e s e p a r a to r which removed any d u s t p a r t i c l e s . The
g a se s th e n p assed t o a t a r "knockout drum i n which th e te m p e ra tu re was
m a in ta in e d a t 1such"a" l e v e l 't h a t " t h e t a r (o r any h ig h b o ilin g m a te r ia ls )
was con d en sed . ' Two a b s o r p tio n columns w ere u sed to s e p a r a te th e c re o s o te
and l i g h t o ils " th r o u g h t h e u s e o f a s tr a w o i l S o lv en t i n a c o u n te r - c u r r e n t
a b s o r p tio n p r o c e s s . The d ry g a se s w ere f l a r e d .
-
4-
II'ITRODUCTION
M ontana, w ith v a s t and v a r i e d c o a l r e s o u r c e s , to d a y f in d s t h a t i t s
c o a l in d u s tr y i s b e in g faced w ith a d e c re a s in g m arket f o r i t s p ro d u c t^ I
The c o al in d u s tr y o f Montana has problem s which r e f l e c t th e g e n e r a l
n a tio n w id e tr e n d o f economic d i f f i c u l t i e s w ith in t h i s m ajor in d u s tr y .
In c re a s e d r a i l r o a d d i e s e l i z a t i o n co u p led w ith d e c re a se d u se o f c o a l f o r
dom estic h e a tin g a r e th e prom inent re a so n s f o r d e crea se d c o a l consunipM
t i o n i n M ontana,
T his problem c e r t a i n l y w a rra n ts profound th o u g h t and c o n s id e ra tio n
by anyone i n t e r e s t e d i n th e economic w e lfa re o f M ontana.
An answ er to
t h i s problem would sim p ly be to f in d a p ro c e ss which would tra n s fo rm t h e
c o a l in to a more u s a b le form .
In 1921, a r e t i r e d c i v i l e n g in e e r from Oregon S ta te by t h e ■n am e:o f •• .
F rank E . Hobson began t h e developm ent o f a c h a rrin g p ro c e ss which u t i ­
l i z e d a c o n tin u o u s o p e ra tio n *
He o rg a n iz e d a c o rp o ra tio n to fin a n c e t h i s
developm ent and b u i l t a 6 - f t , v e r t i c a l r e t o r t w ith a r o t a t i n g c e n te r
c y lin d e r .
o f w a ln u ts .
;
The i n i t i a l work on t h i s p ro c e ss was a p p lie d to th e c h a rrin g
The w a ln u ts were t o p a ss th ro u g h an a n n u la r sp ace i n the-
r e t o r t , b e in g h e a te d from b o th w a l l s , and th e e f f lu e n t g ases were to be
drawn o f f and condensed.
To h e lp fin a n c e t h i s w ork, he s o ld th e char
f o r c h ick e n fe e d and th e condensed o i l s f o r a ro o fin g t a r .
D uring th e
b e g in n in g o f th e d e p re s s io n i n 1929, th e c o rp o ra tio n became e n ta n g le d
w ith f i n a n c i a l d i f f i c u l t i e s and a l l p ro g re s s was d e la y e d .
“ 5-.
In 1935s Hobson b u i l t a 2 5 -to n s p e r day p la n t t o r e t o r t m ercury
o re .
The r e t o r t fu n c tio n e d w e ll f o r about a week and th e n t he., e a s t ir o n
. . .
o f w hich i t was c o n s tr u c te d , f a i l e d .
I t c o u ld n o t s ta n d up under th e
1200° F t o 1400° F te m p e ra tu re s a t w hich t h e r e t o r t was o p e ra te d .
P ro ­
g r e s s was a g a in h a lte d due t o a la c k o f fin a n c in g ,
L a te r^ s e v e r a l p r i v a t e b u s in e s s men became i n t e r e s t e d i n th e eco­
nomic p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f c h a r r in g n o n -co k in g c o a ls ,
R, A, P o r t e r , J , H,
D illo n , and E, ¥ , P r in g le o rg a n iz ed th e P , D, P< P ro c e s s in g I n c , , a ..
c o r p o r a tio n w hich would fin a n c e developm ent on th e p ro c e ss^
suimtbr o f 1952, c o s t e s tim a te s and d raw ings w ere begun.
D uring th e
I n December o f
t h e same y e a r , a p la n t was b u i l t from Hobson1s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a t M elsto n e,
M ontana,
T h is p l a n t , b u i l t o f m ild s t e e l and c a s t i r o n , was n o t c a p a b le
o f s ta n d in g up u n d er th e o p e ra tin g te m p e ra tu re s and v i t a l p o r tio n s of, t h e •
r e t o r t o x id iz e d .
The p la n t was r e b u i l t w ith a h e a t r e c y c le b lo w er and
m ild s t e e l wa? s u b s t i t u t e d f o r a l l o f th e c a s t ir o n .
T h is p la n t a ls o
f a i l e d a f t e r 100 h o u rs o f o p e ra tio n due t o t h e h ig h te m p e ra tu re s in v o lv e d ,
A t h i r d p la n t was b u i l t a t M elstone w ith many improvements i n .th e d e s ig n
and o p e ra te d s u c c e s s f u lly from J u ly , 1953 u n t i l DecCniber o f t h e same y e a r
when i t f a i l e d .
Many changes w ere made in th e d e sig n and t h e p ro c e ss was
b ro u g h t t o Montana S t a t e C o lle g e in J u ly , 1954»
The p r e s e n t r e t o r t i s c o n s tr u c te d w ith 1 8 -8 , ty p e 304 s t a i n l e s s
s t e e l w hich i s h o ld in g up v e ry w e ll u n d e r o p e ra tio n w ith no ap p aren t
damage,
A b y -p ro d u c ts sy stem has b een added t o th e r e t o r t to e x tr a c t and
.s e p a ra te t h e t a r , c r e o s o te , and l i g h t o i l s from th e e f f l u e n t g a s e s , ,.
)
THE CHAR PEAHT
A s im p lifie d , flo w d iagram o f th e c h a r p la n t _at Montana S t a t e
C o lle g e i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F ig u re 1> page 25.
The r e t o r t i s c o n s tru c te d
o f fo u r c o n c e n tric c y lin d e r s numbered from one to fo u r from , t h e in s id e
o u t.
The c o a l i s d e liv e r e d t o t h e to p o f t h e r e t o r t by an a u g er and
• •-
7
t r a v e l s th ro u g h t h e a n n u la r s p a c e betw een c y lin d e r s I and 2. -, C y lin d e r I
i s d r iv e n a t a r a t e o f a p p ro x im a te ly 3 rpm by a g e a r re d u c e r t o a g i t a t e
t h e c o a l and t o in s u r e i t s flo w th ro u g h th e r e t o r t .
The c o a l i s h e a te d
Z"'
'
from b o th w a lls a s h e a t from a g a s - f i r e d fu rn a c e t r a v e l s th ro u g h th e
c e n te r o f c y lin d e r I and t h e a n n u la r sp ace betw een c y lin d e r s 2 and 3»
The com bustion g a se s a re drawn from t h e g as m an ifo ld back t o t h e fu rn a c e
by t h e com bustion g as r e t u r n blo w er.
The b a f f l e s i n t h e fu rn a c e th o r ­
oughly miy t h e r e t u r n g a se s and th e f r e s h ly burned gases*
T h e -e stim a te d
mean l i f e o f th e g a s i n t h e fu rn a c e i s sev en c y c le s th ro u g h th e system .
A v a r ia b le g e a r re d u c e r r e g u la te s th e speed o f th e c h a r a u g e rs from o n e '
t o fo u r rpm and t h i s speed i n t u r n r e g u la te s t h e r a t e a t w hich th e c o a l
flo w s th ro u g h th e r e t o r t .
The e f f l u e n t g ases a re d riv e n o f f t h e c o a l th ro u g h e f f l u e n t gas o f f ­
ta k e tu b e s ; t h e tu b e s extend from c y lin d e r 2 th ro u g h c y lin d e r 3 in to th e
a n n u la r sp ace betw een c y lin d e r s 3 and 4 a t an a n g le o f 5 0 °.
The g ases
a r e th e n drawn from t h i s a n n u la r space b y t h e e f f lu e n t g as b lo w e r. T h is
\
•
....
blow er m a in ta in s t h e r e t o r t a t s l i g h t vacuum t o p re v e n t th e e f f lu e n t
g a se s from e sc a p in g th ro u g h th e d escen d in g c o a l t o t h e c o a l b in and,
th ro u g h t h e d is c h a rg e a u g e rs .
A ir i$ excluded from th e r e t o r t by two
w a te r s e a ls t o p re v e n t com bustion o f th e c h a r.
“■7“
The e f f l u e n t g a se s a re blown t o a d u s t c y clo n e .
The l i n e from th e
gas blow er t o th e c y clo n e and t h e cy clo n e i s ja c k e te d ; h e a t from th e
w a ste gas s ta c k i s c i r c u l a t e d th ro u g h th e ja c k e t t o m a in ta in te m p e ra tu re s
such t h a t t a r w i l l n o t condense and s o l i d i f y w ith f i n e d u s t p a r t i c l e s .
The gas e n te r s t h e c y clo n e t a n g e n t i a l l y and t h e d u st p a r t i c l e s s e t t l e ; out
a t t h e bottom .
The g a s e s now p a ss th ro u g h a t a r knockout column.
A p a i r o f w ater
sp ra y s w ere i n s t a l l e d a t t h e to p o f t h i s column and a p a i r o f steam
s p a rg e rs (70 p s ig ) w ere i n s t a l l e d n e a r th e b o tto m o f th e column in o rd e r
•to have a p o s i t i v e te m p e ra tu re c o n tr o l.
The t a r i s removed from th e .
bottom o f th e column th ro u g h a l i q u i d s e a l .
The l i q u i d s e a l i s tr a c e d
by a & -in. steam l i n e w hich was c o ile d i n t h e bottom o f t h e knockout
drum t o in s u r e th e f l u i d s t a t e o f th e t a r .
The e f f l u e n t g a s e s now t r a v e l t o two s tra w o i l a b s o r p tio n columns
w hich a r e f o r th e s e p a r a t i o n o f t h e c r e o s o te and l i g h t o i l s i n th e by­
p ro d u c t g a s e s .
The g a se s flow upward th ro u g h t h e columns c o u n te r -c u rre n t
t o a s p ra y o f s tra w o i l , a p e tro le u m f r a c t i o n b o ilin g betw een 160° G and
225° C,
The f i r s t column was d e sig n e d t o o p e ra te a t 160° G,
T his tem pera­
t u r e i s below t h e b o i l i n g p o in t o f th e c r e o s o te —th e r e f o r e t h e c re o s o te
should condense and th e l i g h t o i l s sh o u ld p a s s on t o th e second column.
The l i n e betw een th e columns was p ro v id ed w ith a 7 - f t w a te r ja c k e t t o c o o l
th e "by-products and t o in c r e a s e th e c o n d e n s a tio n e f f ic ie n c y ( t h e p e rc e n t
o f th e t o t a l co n d en sab le b y -p ro d u c ts t h a t w ere co n d en sed ).
The second
column was d e sig n e d t o o p e r a te a t room te m p e ra tu re and t h e rem ain in g con­
d e n sa b le g a se s should condense in t h i s column.
tcnSn=
In o rd e r t o o b ta in b e t t e r g a s - liq u id c o n ta c t* ! - i n « g a lv a n iz e d
s c re e n s s u p p o rte d on $ / l 6 - l n . th re a d e d ro d w ere p la c e d a t 1 8 - in , i n t e r v a l s
th ro u g h o u t t he h e ig h t o f each column.
B oth columns a r e equipped w ith
1 2 0 -g a l s tra w o i l r e s e r v o i r s ; c o o lin g c o i l s a r e p ro v id ed i n each r e s e r ­
v o ir,
Two i n t e r n a l g e a r pumps' pump t h e s tra w o i l th ro u g h h e a t exchangers
t o c o o l t h e a b s o rp tio n o i l b e fo re i t i s sp ra y ed in to th e colum ns.
The
s tra w o i l and absorbed c r e o s o t e .( o r l i g h t o i l s ) flow from th e bottom o f
each column t o one o f two 5 5 -g a l b a r r e l s co n n ected in s e r i e s f o r s e p a ra ­
tio n .
The fe e d and s tra w o i l l i n e s from th e s e b a r r e l s have steam p ip e d ■
t o them t o remedy any p lu g g in g t h a t may o c c u r.
The e n ric h e d c re o s o te ( o r
l i g h t o i l s ) i s th e n fo rc e d t o a 300- g a l s to r a g e ta n k by ap p ro x im a te ly
10 p s ig a i r p r e s s u r e .
The uncondensable g a se s p a ss t o a c y clo n e f o r th e rem oval o f any
s tra w o i l m is t w hich i s c a r r ie d o v e r.
n a t u r a l g as i n a f l a r e ,
f la r e to ig n ite th e g a s.
The d ry gas i s th e n b u rned w ith
A s p a rk e r was i n s t a l l e d a t t h e g a s o u t l e t i n th e
In a com m ercial p la n t* th e d ry g as w i l l b e b urned
a s f u e l i n t h e fu rn a c e and should su p p ly m ost i f n o t a l l t h e re q u ire d h e a t.
THE FUHNAGE
The c h a r p l a n t a t Montana S t a t e C o lle g e was b u i l t in a la r g e room
in th e n o r th e a s t c o rn e r o f Ryon L a b o ra to ry ,
B ecause o f t h e h e ig h t o f
t h e u n it,, i t was n e c e s s a ry t o b u ild th e f l o o r o f th e fu rn a c e ap p ro x i­
m a te ly 3 f t below t h e f l o o r l e v e l o f t h i s room,
A h o le , 14 f t x 8 | f t
was b ro k en i n t h e c o n c r e te f l o o r and t h i s h o le was l i n e d w ith c o n crete s
form ing a s o l i d b a se f o r t h e fu rn a c e .
The fu rn a c e was c o n s tr u c te d w ith Denver F ir e O lay b r i c k u s in g M ille d
F i r e G lay as a s e a l e r betw een th e b r i c k s .
F i r e b r ic k l a i d on edge and
d i r e c t l y on t h e c o n c re te b a s e forms t h e fu rn a c e f l o o r .
The a rc h e s were
c o n s tr u c te d w ith No, I a rc h b r ic k u s in g La T ite s a h e a t r e s i s t a n t cement
and w ere le v e le d w ith No, 28 H i C ast cem ent.
B a f fle s w ere c o n s tru c te d in
t h e fu rn a c e and w ere so a rra n g e d a s t o th o ro u g h ly mix t h e com bustion
g a s e s j t h e sp en t g a se s a r e removed by a f l u e gas s ta c k .
Two rows o f re d b r i c k w ere l a i d l | i n . from th e o u ts id e o f th e f i r e
b r i c k ; t h i s space and th e s pace betw een t h e f i r e b r ic k a rc h and re d
b r i c k c e i l i n g was f i l l e d w ith Z o n o lite i n s u l a t i o n .
A p p ro x im ately I in .
o f m o rta r was p u t on to p o f th e Z o n o lite t o su p p o rt th e r e d b r ic k c e i l i n g .
The p o r tio n o f t h e r o o f u n d e r t h e r e t o r t was le v e le d w ith No. 28 H i C asts
and th e r e s t o f t h e r o o t was le v e le d w ith m o rta r.
I d e a l Masonry Cement
admixed w ith t h r e e volum es o f sand was u sed a s th e m o rta r f o r th e re d
b ric k ,
A d oor and b u rn e r b lo c k s e a le d w ith La T i t e 5 w ere p la c e d in t h e w est
end o f t h e fu rn a c e and a r i g h t a n g le D enver F i r e C lay B u rn er No, 784 was
—
10—
L
a tta c h e d t o th e b u rn e r b lo c k « A gas l i n e w ith two v a lv e s was i n s t a l l e d
t o t h e b u rn e r w ith one v a lv e p la c e d n e a r t h e b u rn e r f o r a d ju stm en t and
t h e o th e r i n th e basem ent i n c a s e o f emergency?
The e n t i r e in n e r s u rfa c e
o f th e fu rn a c e i s covered w ith La T i t e and th e o u te r s u r f a c e of. th e w a lls
i s covered w ith
ch ip k en w ire .
in# Denver, F ir e C lay Mo. 89 I n s u la tin g Cement over •
D imensions and d e t a i l s o f c o n s tr u c tio n o f t h e fu rn a c e a re
shown i n F ig u re 2? page 26.
-
-
-
11
-
THE RETGHT
F ig u re s 3 and 4# pages 27 and 28 r e s p e c t i v e l y , in c lu d e t h e dim ensions
and d e t a i l s o f th e r e t o r t c o n s tr u c tio n .
A m ild s t e e l s h e l l was con­
s tr u c te d around c y lin d e r 4 le a v in g an a n n u la r space o f 18 i n . which was
f i l l e d w ith Z o n o lite i n s u l a t i o n .
Steam j e t s w ere i n s t a l l e d n e a r th e b ottom o f th e r e t o r t a s shown i n
F ig u re 5 , page 29.
A s w ir lin g m otion i s p ro v id e d b y th e s e j e t s t o d is ­
lo d g e and remove t h e f i n e p a r t i c l e s o f c h a r o r c o a l which s e t t l e in to
p i l e s and c lo g t h e low er gas o f f - t a k e tu b e s .
C y lin d e r I i s mounted on a s t a i n l e s s s t e e l s h a f t equipped w ith a
w a te r ja c k e tj t h e s h a f t e x ten d s in to a 3 - to n c a p a c ity s to r a g e b in over
th e r e to r t.
The s h a f t and w a te r ja c k e t a r e shown in F ig u re $.
A c ro s s
member whs mounted t o t h e to p o f th e s h a f t and 4 lo g c h a in s a tta c h e d to
7 - i n . r in g s w ere suspended from i t t o d ra g th e c o a l i n t o i n l e t s p la ce d
in t h e b ottom o f t h e b i n .
A 3 0 0 0 -lb c a p a c ity t h r u s t b e a rin g was p la c e d
u n d e r t h e b in t o su p p o rt c y lin d e r I ,
The bottom o f th e b in was in s u la te d
w ith I i n . o f spun g la s s and a s t r i p o f aluminum f o i l .
I l l u s t r a t e d in F ig u re 6 , page 3 0 , i s a 1 0 -to n c a p a c ity s to ra g e ta n k
p la c e d on c o n c r e te fo o tin g s w hich i s b e in g u sed as an e x t e r i o r c o a l s to ra g e
b in ,
A conveyor b e l t d e liv e r s t h e c o a l t o t h i s b in and a 6 - i n . au g er
c a r r i e s th e c o a l from i t t o th e to p o f th e r e t o r t ,
"
.
.
.
v.
A d e s c r ip ti o n o f th e d is c h a rg e a u g ers may be found i n F ig u re 7j>
page 31.
These w a te r-c o o le d a u g e rs , d riv e n by a g e a r re d u c e r a t a r a t e
o f a p p ro x im a te ly 10 rpm, w ere c o n s tr u c te d t o c o o l th e c h a r and t o p re v e n t
12 “
■*-
i t from b u rn in g upon exposure t o th e atm o sp h ere.
!From th e o u t l e t o f
th e s e a u g e rs a 1 6 - f t w a te r-c o o le d au g er t r a n s p o r t s th e c h ar t o a s to c k ­
p i l e shed.
T h is -auger i s p r o je c te d in to t h e c h a r shed a t an a n g le o f 45°
and a c h a in - d riv e n g r in d e r w hich g rin d s th e c h ar t o 3/ 8- i n , minus i s
mounted a t t h e e x it end.
T h is g r in d e r i s i l l u s t r a t e d in F ig u re 8> page 32,
The g r in d e r i s s p rin g -lo a d e d to' a llo w f o r any s c ra p m e ta l w hich may have
b e en mixed w ith th e feed c o a l.
The f i n e l y ground ch ar i s d is c h a rg e d
in to t h e c h a r sh ed , a b u ild in g 9 f t x 9 f t x 9 Tb, u t i l i z i n g a 2 - in , x
4 - in . fram e work and an in s id e l i n i n g o f c o rru g a te d s t e e l .
Shown i n F ig u re 9 , page 33, i s th e h e a t r e tu r n b lo w er which: i s
mounted oil t h e r o o f o f t h e fu rn a c e .
T h is b lo w e r, powered by a 1-hp motor
i s o p e ra te d a t te m p e ra tu re s up t o 800° F ,
An a u x i l l i a r y blow er was in ­
s t a l l e d t o c i r c u l a t e th e a ir ' around t h e b e a rin g s and t o keep them from
o v e rh e a tin g .
The h e a t r e t u r n m a n ifo ld , h e a t r e c y c le b lo w e r, and th e
low er 3 f t o f t h e w aste gas s ta c k f o r th e fu rn a c e were c o v ered w ith I in ,
o f Ho. 89 i n s u l a t i o n over c h ic k e n w ir e .
The e f f lu e n t gas b lo w e r, powered by a 10 -h p m otor, i s mounted npar
t h e to p o f th e r e t o r t a t t h e o u t l e t o f th e e f f lu e n t g a se s and was d e sig n e d
t o o p e ra te a t te m p e ra tu re s up t o 800
o f 3 psig>
O
'
F and t o m a in ta in an o u t l e t p re s s u re
D ir e c tly over t h i s b lo w e r, a p la tfo rm was c o n s tr u c te d on th e
r e t o r t t o f a c i l i t a t e i t s o p e ra tio n .
The b lo w er and p la tfo rm a r e i l l u s ­
t r a t e d in F ig u r e 9 , page 33>
v
—13“
BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY SYSTEM
I n c lu d e i i n t h e b y -p ro d u c t re c o v e ry s y s te m " is a .d u s t rem oval cyclone*
a tai* knockout drum* a p a i r o f a b s o r p tio n tow ers* and a d e m istin g c y c lo n e »
The d u s t c y clo n e i s a tr u n c a te d cone w hich ta p e r s from 3 Tt in diam­
e t e r t o 6 i n . i n d ia m e te r o v er a h e ig h t o f 4 f t .
The g as e n te r s th e cy­
c lo n e t a n g e n t i a l l y th ro u g h a 7 - in . x 7 - in . opening* 3 i n . from th e to p o f
t h e c y lin d e r .
M 1 0 - in . d ia m e te r r is e r * 2§ f t long* was p la c e d in th e cy­
l i n d r i c a l p o r tio n o f t h e c y c lo n e w ith 6 i n . e x ten d in g above th e s u rfa c e
o f t h e c y c lo n e . ' The c y c lo n e i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F ig u re 10* page 34«
The
h e a t ja c k e t f o r th e c y c lo n e and th e I i n d from t h e gas b low er t o t h e cy­
c lo n e was in s u la te d w ith Denver F ir e C lay No. 89 I n s u la tin g Cement over
c h ic k e n w ir e .
The t a r knockout column was c o n s tr u c te d by w eld in g t h r e e 55"°gal o i l
drums t o g e th e r .
The b y -p ro d u c t g a se s e n te r t h e t o p o f t h i s column ta n ­
g e n t i a l l y th ro u g h a 7 - i n . sq u a re o u t l e t from t h e d u s t c y c lo n e and le a v e
th ro u g h a 7 -in « d ia m e te r l i n e w hich e x ten d s downward from t h e to p o f t h e 1
column about l / 3 t h e h e ig h t o f t h e colum n.
The d e t a i l s o f c o n s tr u c tio n o f
t h i s column may b e found i n F ig u re 11* page 35«
The e f f lu e n t, g a se s t r a v e l th ro u g h 7 -in # r o l l e d s t ^ e l p ip e t o th e two
s tra w o i l a b s o r p tio n colum ns.
page 3 6.
These columns a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n F ig u re ,.12*
The f i r s t column i s 10 i n . in d ia m e te r and 1 0 | f t h ig h .
The.
l i g h t o i l s p a ss on t o t h e second column th ro u g h a 7 - in . r o l l e d s t e e l p ip e
w hich i s c o o led by a 9 - i n . w a te r ja c k e t* 7 f t h ig h .
Tfye second stra w o i l
a b s o r p tio n column i s 10 i n . i n d ia m e te r and 10 f t h i g h . ' Each column i s
-
14 -
equipped w ith a 1 2 0 -g a l s tra w o i l r e s e r v o i r and a s ig h t g la s s i s pro v id ed
n e a r th e to p Of each column f o r o b serv atio n #
The c y l i n d r i c a l p o r tio n o f th e d em istin g c y clo n e i s 14 in# i n diam­
e t e r and 28 in# h ig h and t h e tr u n c a te d cone p o r tio n t a p e r s from a d ia m e ter
o f 14 in , t o 6 in# over a h e ig h t o f 16 in#
The g as and m is t e n te r th e
c y clo n e th ro u g h a 3§-in# x 7 - i n . r e c ta n g u la r pipe#
A 6 -in # d ia m e te r
r o l l e d s t e e l r i s e r e x ten d s 9 in# in to t h e cyclone#
A f l a r e l i n e con­
s t r u c t e d o f 6-in# g a lv a n iz e d s to v e p ip e i s co n n ected t o t h e r i s e r o f th e
c y clo n e and ex ten d s 20 f t above th e b u ild in g #
A r e t r a c t a b l e l- i n « o r i f i c e
was i n s t a l l e d in t h e f l a r e l i n e f o r th e p u rp o se o f m easuring th e flow r a t e
o f th e d ry g a s .
The S p a rk e rj w hich i g n i t e s th e gas in t h e T la r e j c o n s is ts
o f a s p a rk p lu g , w irin g t o a Model-T i g n i t i o n c o i l , and a p a i r o f d ry
c e lls .
The s p a rk p lu g .was c o n s tru c te d so t h a t i t co u ld b e w ithdraw n from
t h e flam e a f t e r i g n i t i o n o f th e g a s.
POWER REQUIREtIEMT
The e l e c t r i c a l power r e q u ir e d fop t h e p la n t i s ap p ro x im a te ly
1 6 .5 kw p e r hr#
T h is f ig u r e excludes th e l i g h t i n g req u irem en ts#
-
15 -
SPECIFICATIONS’
E stim a te d M a te ria l R eq u ired f o r th e C o n s tru c tio n o f th e Char P l a h t :
725 sq f t l / 8 - i n , m ild s t e e l ( l6 s h e e ts 5 f t x 10 f t )
70 sq f t . l / 8 - i n , 1 8 -8 ,. ty p e 304 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l
(2 s h e e ts 5 f t x 10 f t )
550 sq f t 3 / l 6 - i n , m ild s t e e l (12 s h e e ts 5 f t x 10 f t )
280 sq f t 3 / l 6 - i n , 1 8 -8 , ty p e 304 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l
(6 s h e e ts 5 f t x 10 f t )
50 sq f t 3 / $ r i n . .1 8 -8 , ty p e 304 s t a i n l e s s
( l s h e e t 5 f t x 10 f t ) .
6 sq f t | - i n , m ild s t e e l ( l s h e e t I f t x 6 f t )
35 s q f t lf~in, 1 8 -8 , ty p e 304 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l ( I s h e e t 6 f t x 6 f t )
355 f t 4 -in « x 4 ~ in , x
i n . a n g le
480 f t 2 - i n . x 2 - i n . x 3 / l 6 - i n . a n g le ir o n
2 f t i j - i n . x l | - i n . x l / 8 - i n . a n g le ir o n
900 2% -in. x 4 ^ -in . x 9& -in. Denver F i r e C lay f i r e b r i c k
600 #1 Denver F ir e C lay a rc h b r ic k
4000 2 3/ 8- i n . x 3 3 / 4 - i n , x 8 - i n , re d b r ic k
100 l b La T i t e cement
300 l b Denver F ir e C lay M ille d F i r e C la y
200 lb H i C ast cement
18 sac k s masonry cement
800 l b Denver F i r e C lay #89 L a s u la tin g Cement
40 s a c k s .Z o n o lite in s u l a t i o n
200 sq f t 1 - i n . c h ick e n w ire
I
Denver F ir e D la y b u rn e r b lo c k 1 1 ^ -in , x l l | - i n , x 13S- in .
J.
,-
16 -
1 Denver f i r e C lay B urner #784
120 l b 1 8 -8 s t a i n l e s s S t e e l w elding ro d
200 l b m ild s t e e l w eld in g rod
10 55- g a l o i l drum s, 12 gage
2 68- in . a u g e rs , 6- i n ., d ia m e te r, .2.. .7.6 - i n . I l / 8- i n . d ia m e te r 1 8 -8 , ty p e
304 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l s h a f t s , i - i n . 1 8 -8 , ty p e 304 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l
b la d e s
2 6- i n . a u g e rs on a 1- i n . m ild s t e e l s h a f t , 21 f t lo n g
I 6- i n . a u g er on a 1- i n . m ild s t e e l s h a f t , 16 f t lo n g
1 8- i n . au g er on a I l / l 6-in « m ild s t e e l s h a f t , 6 f t lo n g
2 3- i n . h in g e s
3 sq f t heavy s a f e ty g la s s
I 3l - i n d ia m e te r, 3000- l b t h r u s t b e a r in g
1 4§ - i n . b e a r in g h o ld e r
6 f t l / 8- i n . c h a in
32 i n . 2 l / l 6- i n . m ild s t e e l s h a f t
2g f t 2- i n . s t a i n l e s s s t e e l s h a f t
N ote;
A ll p ip e and F i t t i n g s a re S ta n d a rd B lack
2 f t 4- i n . p ip e
2 4- i n ' elbows
I 4- i n . u n io n
I 4-i& ' g lo b e v a lv e
50 f t | - i n . p ip e
12 3- i n . t e e s
16 4“ in . u n io n s
14 4- i n , g lo b e v a lv e s
-
18
-
17 -
i n » elbows
4 f t 3 / 4 - i n , p ip e
80 f t 1 - i n , p ip e
14 1 - i n . g lo b e v a lv e s
20 1 - i n . .unions
10 1 - i n . elbows
2 I - in . p lu g s
23 1 - i n . t e e s
4 re d u c in g c o u p lin g s 1 - i n . x . f - i n .
2 f t ly -in ,
p ip e
I l ^ - i n g lo b e v a lv e
I Izp-ina u n io n
1 i j - i n . elbow
105 f t 2 - i n . p ip e
2 2 - i n . g lo b e v a lv e s
3 2 - i n , u n io n s
12 2 - i n . elbows
I 2 -in . te e
I re d u c in g c o u p lin g 2 - i n , x 1 - i n .
7 f t 3 - i n . p ip e
3 3- i n . elbows
I 2 -in , te e
I 3 - in . b u t t e r f l y v a lv e
3 f t 4 - i n . p ip e
18 l / 8 - i n , p e t cocks? b r a s s
-IS I p r e s s u r e gage., a i r (0 t o 15 p s ig )
22 f t g a lv a n iz e d s to v e p ip e
300 f t i - i n . t h i n w a lle d e l e c t r i c a l c o n d u it
30 f t 5/ 16- i n » th re a d e d ro d
14 sq ft.-^-in-.. g a lv a n iz e d s c re e n
32 f t 3/ 4 -in « copper tu b in g
20 f t :j§-in« copper tu b in g
8 f t 3/ 8- i n 1 8 -8 , ty p e 304 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l p ip e
8 f t I i-In . 1 8 -8 , ty p e 364 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l p ip e
120 f t 2 - i n . GD), 1 8 -8 , ty p e 304. s t a i n l e s s s t e e l p ip e , ^ - i n t h i c k
9 sw itc h b o x e s, 575 AG: v o l t s , 30 amps, 3 p o le s ,
hp
9 c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , 440 v o l t s , 60 c y c le , max m otor r a t i n g ? | hp,
1(40 v o l t s
Main D riv e U n it (F ig u re 5, page 29)
I L in k B e lt Worm Gear D riv e , s i z e HWF 7D-35i in p u t rpm 1 750, 2 .8 hp
I L ink B e lt G ear M otor, s i z e DM-20, o u tp u t rpm 45, I hp
I L in k B elt. E l e c t r i c M otor, m odel. #5K203L911, I hp, 3 p h a se ,
v o lta g e 220/ 440, amperage 3 •1 8 /1 .5 9 I Mount f o r Worm G ear D riv e , Gear M otor and E l e c t r i c Motor
I s p ro c k e t, 1 - f t d ia m e te r , 12 t e e t h
I L in k B e lt C hain #140, 26 lin k s
,
I s p ro c k e t, 7 - i n . d ia m e te r, 11 t e e t h
I sp ro c k e t, 5 |- i n . d ia m e te r, 21 t e e t h
I L in k B e lt C hain, # 6 0 , 28 lin k s
I s p ro c k e t, 4 - i n . d ia m e te r , 15 t e e t h
*•19"*
H eat R ecycle Blower (F ig u re 9> page 33)
I b lo w e r, 2 0 - in « b la d e
1 e l e c t r i c m o to r, I hp> 3 p h a se , v o lta g e 220/ 440, amperage 4 ; 14/ 2 ,0 7
2 42- i n . p u lle y s .
2 r o l l e r b e a r in g s , I 3/ 16- i n ,
I G ates T r u f le x 2440 B e lt
E f f lu e n t Gas Blower (F ig u re 9 ; page 33)
I b lo w e r, 2 0 - in , b la d e
I e l e c t r i c m o to r, 1800 rpm, 10 h p , 3 p h a se , v o lta g e 2 2 0 /4 4 0 ,
amperage 25/ 12*5
I p u lle y ,
d ia m e te r
I p u lley > 9 - i n , d ia m e te r
3 b e l t s , 93-in*
O u ts id e S to ra g e B in (F ig u re 6> page 30)
I 15- i n , s p ro c k e t, 60 t e e t h
4 l l - i n . s p r o c k e ts , 20 t e e t h
I Diamond C hain, A33@ , T l lin k s
I 4 - i n , sp ro c k et^ 16 t e e t h
6 8 - i n , s p ro c k e ts , 12 t e e t h
10 b e a r in g s , r o l l e r , 1 - i n ,
I L in k B e lt C hain # 60, 47 lin k s
I P a c ific .G e a r,,a n d ,Tool Works M otorized Speed R educer, San F ra n c is c o ,
C a l i f o r n i a , 2 h p , 160 rpm I
I GE In d u c tio n M otor, t o t a l l y ' enclos.ed, 2 h p , 3 p h a se ,
model #5K224E8l8, v o lta g e 2 2 0 /4 4 0 , amperage 5 * 3 6 /2 ,6 8
-
20 -
Feed Auger (F ig u re 7# page 31)
I e l e c t r i c m o to r, 3. hp,- 3 p h a se , 1740 rpm, v o lta g e 220/ 440,
amperage 8 ,4 /4 * 2
I p u lle y , 4 - in ;
I p u lle y , 12 3/ 4- i n .
I 59| - i n . b e l t
D isc h a rg e Auger (F ig u re 7? page 31)
I L in k B e lt G ear M otor, 3 h p , o u tp u t rpm 84
1 L in k ..B e lt " E le c tr ic M otor, .3 h p , 3 p h ase model #5K225EL982,
v o lta g e 220/ 440, amperage 9 , 8/ 4 .9
2 45° b e v e le d g e a r s , $ - in . GD, 25 t e e t h
2 r o l l e r b e a r in g s , 1- i n .
2 5| - i n . s p r o c k e ts , 21 t e e t h
I 9- i n . s p ro c k e t, 35 t e e t h
I L in k B e lt C hain # 60, 57 l i n k s
I 2- f t s p r o c k e t, 108 t e e t h
I 4- i n . s p ro c k e t, 14 t e e t h
I L in k B e lt C hain #’6 0, 55 l in k s
C ir c u la tin g Pump (F ig u re 1 2 , page 36)
1 e l e c t r i c m o to r, 3 h p, 3 p h a se , v o lta g e 220/4 4 0 , amperage 7 * 6 /3 .8
2 r o l l e r b e a r in g s , I - i n .
I 3- i n . p u lle y
1 10- i n . p u lle y
2 b e l t s , 64- i n .
2 g e a r pumps, 5 g a l/m in , i n t e r n a l g e a r
-
21 -
F in a l Auger D riv e (F ig u re. 8 , page 32)
I L in k B e lt G ear M otor, 2 hp, o u tp u t rpm 155» r a t i o 1 1 ,4
I L ink B e lt E l e c t r i c . M otor, 2 hp>.3 phase," T r i . G la d .In d u c tio n ,
model #5K224E923, v o lta g e 220/440> amperage 13#6/ 6 ,8
1 e l e c t r i c m o to r, 3 /4 -h p , rpm 1725, 60 c y c le , I p h a se , v o lta g e 110/220,
am perage 5•84/2*92
2 r o l l e r b e a r in g s , 1 - in ,
I 1 2 - in , s p r o c k e t, 51 t e e t h
I 4 - i n , s p ro c k e t, 15 t e e t h
I L in k B e lt C hain, #60, 57 l i n k s .
I 2 - i n , p u lle y
I 1 9 |- i n , p u lle y
I G ates T r u f le x b e l t #3690
I s h a f t , 1 - i n , d ia m e te r, 12 i n , lo n g , m ild s t e e l
D riv e f o r R e to rt A ugers (F ig u re 7 , page 31)
I L in k B e lt Worm Gear D rive> 1 ,6 hp, r a t i o 50, in p u t rpm 1750
I GE E l e c t r i c M otor, rpm 1725, I hp, v o lta g e 110/220, am perage 7*8 /3 ,9
1 Speed S e le c t o r V a ria b le P la n e ta r y , B, F , G oodrich, A kron, Ohio
2 s p r o c k e ts , 4 - i n , d ia m e te r, 16 t e e t h
2 s p r o c k e ts , 7 |- i n , d ia m e te r 30 t e e t h
I L in k B e lt C hain #60,- 112 lin k s
-
22 -
•AGMOWLEDGEMENT
The a u th o r acknow ledges w ith th a n k s t h e su p p o rt o f th e E n g in ee rin g
E xperim ent S t a t i o n o f Montana S t a t e C o lle g e w hich sp o n so red th e a u th o r1s
p a r t i c i p a t i o n on t h i s , p r o j e c t .
The a u th o r acknow ledges a id and sugges­
t i o n s s u p p lie d by th e e n t i r e - s t a f f o f t h e Chem ical E n g in e e rin g D epartm ent
o f Montana S t a t e C o lle g e ,
S p e c ia l th a n k s a r e extended t o Bob A tk in so n and
B u rto n A ndersen who- accom plished m ost o f th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f th e p la n t and
a ls o t o ,John Goodenbour and D ick Waterman w ith whom th e a u th o r worked on
th e p ro je c t.
-2 3 LITERATURE CITED
I ff
Goodenbour5 J»-5 Mf S , T h e s is 5 Montana S t a t e .C ollege5 1955
2«
H e rz e l5 R,. 5 M, S , T h e s is 5 Montana S t a t e C o lle g e 5 1953
111h Uh
24 - '
—
APPENDIX
Page
F ig u re
I.
F ig u re
2 . ^Ih e F urnace
F ig u re
3.
The R e to rt
F ig u re
4.
The R e to rt
F ig u re
5.
The D riv e Mechanism f o r t h e Tube5 T u b e.S h a f t5 D riv e f o r Feed
S im p lifie d Flow D iagram , o f th e Char P la n t
25
26
« » . . ; ......................
A uger5 and steam
27
28
j e t s a t Bottom o f R e to rt
29
F ig u re . 6 .
E x te r io r G oal S to ra g e B in
30
F ig u re
7,
D isc h a rg e Augers
31
F ig u re
8,
Shed D isch a rg e Auger D riv e and Char G rin d e r # . i , » , , , 32
F ig u re
9#
R e tu rn H eat Blow er5 E f f lu e n t Gas B low er5 Rain G ates i n S to ra g e
#
Biri5 E f f lu e n t Gas Blower P la tfo rm 5 and S ta irw a y t o Catwalk# 33
F ig u re 10,
D ust C yclone
F ig u r e 11«
T ar Knockout Drum
F ig u re 12,
A b so rp tio n Towers and C ir c u la tin g Pump
34
#,#35
* * « « . . * # , #
36
FIGURE
I
SIM PLIFIED
COAL
FLOW
DIAGRAM
OF
CHAR
THE
PLANT
BI N
COMBUSTION
EFFLUENT
GAS BLOWER
GAS
CYCLONE
DEMISTER
MANlrOLD
'— EFFLUENT^ ^
GASES
DRY GAS
TO FURNACE
COMBUSTION GAS
R E T U R N DUCT
CYCLONE
SEPARATOR
CYLINDER
/
I
TAR
KNOCKOUT
DRUM
C Y L I N DE R 2
EFFLUENT
GAS
TUBE
/ — CYLI NDER 3
CYL INDE R 4
i
CHAR
DUST
- C O M B U S T I O N GAS
RETURN BLOWER
CO AL
STOCK
PILE
<
BURNER
T
T TG A S E S
COMBUSTION
CHAR
AUGERS
FURNACE
DRY
CREOSOTE
BAS
LI GHT OILS
- 2 6-
FIGURE 2.
T HETr ORRSCE
______ I
PLAN VIEW
II
!
>
"I
r
I
-|
r ~ i
Ji
M
k'
'
- - 5 - J
:
"
i
----------------- - _ j
I1
I
----------- i f ■•I I
!i
Ii
_ _i.
I
I
------------------------------------
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .1
BURNER HEAT
1
I
I
J
I
I
I
I
U
I
I
- I —
I
—
I
i
j
"
J
I I
I
'
I
I
1
I
I
I I
1'
I
L J
I
I
I
I
i1 I
I
'
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
L J
,
«
I
I
I
I
I
1
i
I
I
'I
r
- I -------I
I
I
I
i
i
I
I
i
Ji
I
Ii
1
1'
'
I
H
h
:
j!
I
-H i
______ I L
END VIEW
I
T
I
I
M
I
M
L
—
- J _
! ! J
I -------------------------------------
l
—
I
ll—
T
- J
[
!
I
I
I
I
----- E I
- I- - - - I
I
I
I
I
I
----- 1
1 I
I
1 I
I
' - I - -*
I I
1
I
i
TO RETORT
I
I
I
ff
RETURN
I
I
I
I
i
HEAT
4- e
SIDE
VIEW
-2 7 -
STEEL THICKNESS
a
A.
MILD
STEEL
16
b
i "
STAI NLESS
STEEL
STAINLESS
STEEL
I
2
U P P E R WATER S E A L
HEAT RETHRM MANIFOLD
3
lower
4
CYLINDER
5
GAS O U T L ET
6
HEAT
7
CYLI NDER 2
8
CYLINDER 3
9
CYLINDER 4
Wa t e N SEAL
I
R E T UR N DUCT
IO
H EA T
I I
GAS
12
JACK
13
AUGER
14
BASE
FIGURE 3
RETURN/
THE RETORT
OUTLET
OFFTAKE
PIPE
PLATE
WATER
T
WATER OUTl
I
I
UPPER WATER SEAL
I
LOWER
Mr
W ATtR
SEAL
-----13 - M lSVSf ^ 4^i
------ T = M
MILD S T E E L
c
ASSEMBLED
RETORT
HEAT
RETURN
MANIFOLD
—2 8 —
__ 3 0
O.R.___
21
7 O.R.
PLAN THROUGH A A
OR.
IO 0.
FIGURE
2
21
O.R.
PLAN
OF
BA S E
PLATE
ANO AUGERS
Ig-
STAINLESS
S T E E L SHAFT
PLAN THROUGH B - B F I G U R E _2
•g-
STAINLESS
STEEL
MILD S T E E L /— V STAI NLESS S T E E L
H 8
#4 "—
I BOSS
.
16
FIGURE
THE RETORT
PLAN
THROUGH C - C
FIGURE 2
MILD
STEEL
-2 9 -
FIGURE
PLAN
VIEW
OF DRIVE M E C H A N IS M
5
FOR
TUBE
-W 4 * -
I
D R IV E S H AFT,
S H A F T WATER J A C K E T ,
AND DRIVE FOR F E E D AUGER
LINK BELT
WORM GEAR DRIVE
INPUT RPM 1 7 5 0
AGMA H P RATING 2 . 8
RATIO 1 9 2
W E S T I N QH O US E 3 H P , 3 P H A S E
1 7 4 0 R PM
TIGHTENING S C R E W
LINK B E L T B E A R MOTOR
AGMA HP = I
O U T PU T R P M 4 5
R A T IO 38.4
LINK BELT
I H P E L E C T R I C MOTOR
33
I / 8 —1NCH MILD
;----------- >
STEEL
RETORT
FLOOR
OUTER
LEVEL OF
CATWALK
BEARING
Z-INCH
ANGLE IRON
SUPPORT
1 / 8 - I N C H MILD S T E E L
COAL
STORAGE
2 I Zi G -I NC H SHAF
BIN
I
SIDE VIEW
P L A N VIEW OF
DRIVE S P R O CK E T J1 I F T DIAMETER
2 S E T S C R E W S S E T AT 9 0 *
T H R U S T BEARING I,: 3 1/2 INCH DIAMETER
V
BEARING HOLDER 114 1/2 INCH DI AMETER
2 INCH S HA FT
Ijl
1 / 2 - INCH P L A T E j L
4-INCH
PIPE (
3 INCH PIPE X
4 - INCH S U P P O R T W G ^ A N ^ L E
3 / 1 6 - I N C H MILD S T E E L
1 / 8 - I N C H MILD S T E E L
T O P OF
HEAT MANIFOLD
4-INCH
PI PE
B 1 3 / 4 - I N C H HOLES
SIDE
V IE W
( T H I S VIEW WITHOUT WORM GEAR DRIVE AND MOTORS)
3 / 1 6 —INCH MILD S T E E L
IRON
STEAM J E T S AT
BOTTOM OF T H E
RETORT
SHELL
RETORT
-3 0 -
G E TOTALLY E N C L O S E D INDUCTION MOTOR
2 HP 3 P H A S E
PACIFIC G EA R AND T O O L WORKS
MOTORIZED S P E E D R E D UC E R
2 HP
1 6 0 RPM
3—
4 —
INCH A N GL E
INCH A N G L E
IRON
IRON
FIGURE 6
EXTERIOR COAL STORAGE BIN
SPROCKET
CON VE YO R B E L T H A S 2 X 2 X 3 / 1 6
B A R S M O U N T E D AT 2 0 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S
B O T T O M IS 3 / 1 6 —INCH MILD S T E E L
PLAN
VIEW
56-G A L
OIL DRUM
2 — INCH ANGLE
IRON STEPS
3 / 1 6 - I N C H MILD S T E E L
BOLT ADJUSTMENT
FOR BELT
TENSION
MADE FROM I 1/2 5 5 - G A L
OIL DRUMS
3 / 1 6 —INCH MILD S T E E l y
FRONT
VIEW
SIDE
VIEW
,
/
-3 1 -
,DISCHARGE
AUGERS
FIGURE
7
1 / 8 -INCH STAINLESS STEEL SHAFT
1/2-INCH STAINLESS STEEL
3/16-INCH STAINLESS STEEL
A-
1 /8 —INCH MILD S T E E L
- -/V ---- L------s,____ I
-H- -
___V _____
PLAN
1 / 8 - IN C H MILD STEEL
VIEW
l -INCH SHAFT
AIR H OL E
1/2—INCH MILD STEEL
---- 7
AND W AT ER
INLET
3 / 1 6 - IN C H STAINLESS STEEL
1/2-INCH
MILD
STEEL
-----:v<
— UN
i / 2 —INCH STAINLESS S TEEL
3 / 1 6 —INCH STAINLESS STEEL
RETORT —
BASE PLATE
— II
i-----WATER
I-INCH
I NL ET
COUPLING
L __ V
-= U Il_____ _
FRONT
VIEW
WATER
DRAIN
SIDE
VIEW
- - V
___
-_V__
-3 2 -
LiNK BELT GEAR VOTCR
RATI O 11.4 2 HP
OUTPUT RPM 155
AND LINK BELT INDUCTION MOTOR
2 HP
3 PHASE GE
I^--IN C H
A H OL E
IRON
C Y L I N D E R HAS B E A D S W E L D E D
A C R O S S FACE A T I I N C H I NTERVALS
ALONG T H E C I R C U M F E R E N C E
3 / 1 6 —INCH MILD STEEL
END VIEW
OF
GEAR NiOTOR MOUNTING
1/4 —INCH MILD STEEL
SIDE VIEW
1/8 —INCH MILD STEEL
FRONT VIEW
OF
FIGURE 8
SHED DISCHARGE AUGER DRIVE AND CHAR GRINDER
GRINDER
-3 3 -
FIGURE
9
RAM GATES
IN RETORT STORAGE BIN
RETURN HEAT
EFFLUENT GAS BLOWER
BLOWER
5 - I N C H PULLEY
TO HEAT JACKET ON CONNECTING TUBE
FRQM GAS BLOWER TO DUST CYCLONE
5 — INCH PULLEY
STAIRWAY TO CATWALK
id5
±
CONSTRUCTION OF STEPS
NUT
2 F T X E F T DO OR ON
I - I N C H ANGLE IRON GUIDE
5 / 1 6 - I N C H THREADED ROD
'O '
HOLE FOR DRIVE CHAIN
/ — SWITCH BOXES
SIGHT G L A S S
TO DUST CYCLONE HEAT JACKET
k -2 l-* -K ll *kl3-4-l5
2 - INCH ANGLE IRON GUID
PLAN
--------- 102 r ------------TO DUST CYCLONE
PLAN VIEW
VIEW
PLAN VIEW
E LECTRI C LIGHT BULB
SHADE
ri 7
i
\
----------------- 77 ------------- M
FRONT
EFFLUENT GAS BLOWER
PLATFORM
PLAN VIEW
3 / 1 6 —INCH MILD ST EE L
WASTE
GAS
STACK
3 / 1 6 —INCH MILD STEEL
TI GHTENI NG
SCREW
2 - INCH
ANGLE IRON
2 - I HCH P I P E
1 / 8 - I NC H MILD S TKEL
-
y -I
3/16—INCH
MILD
STEEL —
\
FRONT VIEW
69
SIDE VIEW
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
VIEW
-3 4 -
DUST CYCLONE
FIGURE IO
FR OM R E T O R T OAS
BLOWER
TO WASTE G A S
S T A CK
2 - I N C H P l UG AND f t l P P L E
FOR I N SPE CT IO N OF TUBE
TO
WASTE
GAS
STACK
<n s . '
-------
FROM WASTE GAS
STACK
1 / 2 - I N C H MILD STEEL
FRONT VIEW
L
ENTIRE CYCLONE IS 1 / 8 - IN CH MILD S T E E L
—35 —
FIGURE
11
TAR
FROM
P LA N
KNOCKOUT DRUM
OUST CYCLONE
VIEW
1 / 8 - IN C H MILD
STEEL
f 7 4
-ROM
DUST
cyclone;
TO FIRST
ABSORPTION
COLUMN
SPI RALED
!/2-INCH
1/4—INCH
STEAM LINE
TO SPARGERS
C O P P E R TUBING
1/2-INCH
CONDENSATE
1/2-INCH
STEAM LINE
3 - INCH TAR
AND WATER LINE
3 - I N C H PIPE
FRO NT VIEW
SIDE
VIEW
-3 6 -
-
FIGURE
ABSORPTION TOWERS
iu im j j u t
S
r ^ oeSEtostorai5e
— FROM BOTTOM
— FROM BOTTOM
12
2 —INCH PIPE
AIR SUPPLY,
T6NK
OF SETTLING DRUMS
OF SETTLING DRUMS
1 / 2 - INCH PIPE
// u j u u n . j Ll
PRESSURE
GAGE
STRAW OIL RESERVOIR
DRAIN TO SEWER
SETTLING
__*-
BARRELS
P'JMPiNG BARREL.
FOR BYPRODUCTS
PLAN VIEW
UP FLUE STACK
TO BE BURNED WITH
NATURAL GAS
NOTE:
THE LOWER LEFT PORTION OF THIS VIEW WITHOUT
RESERVOIR AND LOWER RIGHT WITHOUT BARRELS
CIRCULATING PUMP
1 / 8 — INCH MILD STEEL
SPRAYHEAD
SIGHT' G L A S S
1 / 2 - I N C H PIPE
2 - INCH PIPE
1/ 8-INCH MILD S TF E L
I - INCH PIPE
5 / 1 6 -INCH THREADED ROD
WATER JACKET
1/4 —INCH GALVANIZED SCREEN
------------------- 2 8
1-INCH. PIPE
8. 8 - INCH PLYBOARD
FRO M—\
DUST
La
CYCLONE
/
1/ 8- INCH MILD STEEL
/
_
PLAN
TO HEAT EXCHANGER
AND THEN TO SRAYHEAD
AT TOP OF COLUMNS
VIEW
I--INCH PIPE
— I-INCH PIPE
1/ 8- INCH MILD STEEL
2 - I N C H PIPE
1/2—INCH PIPE
k—
_ BYPASS
3 / 1 6 - I N C H MILD S TEEL
K
FROM CIRCULATING PJMP
TO CIRCULATING
. ___ __
PUMP
f
TO SEWER
*3.5*
-I0>
FRONT
VIEW
SIDE VIEW
SIDE VIEW
MONTANA STATF iimtvfdcttv ,
i ' J q JI
-—