Effects of elevated summer water temperatures below Ennis Reservoir on the macroinvertebrates of the
Madison River, Montana
by John Joseph Fraley
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE
in Fish and Wildlife Management
Montana State University
© Copyright by John Joseph Fraley (1978)
Abstract:
The effects of Ennis Reservoir on the chemistry, thermal regime and aquatic macroinvertebrates of the
Madison River were studied during 1976 and 1977. Only small differences in pH, total alkalinity,
hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and total
phbsphorus were measured at the five stations. Mean water temperatures from June through August,
1977 at stations below the reservoir averaged 3.5 C higher than at stations above the reservoir. Water
temperatures were above 17 C at least 31% more of the time at stations below the reservoir. Diurnal
temperature fluctuations immediately below the reservoir were reduced by more than 80%. A total of
56 taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected on artificial substrate samplers. Of these four
occurred only at stations above the reservoir, 14 were found only at stations below the reservoir and 38
were taken both above and below. The average number of taxa per sampler was significantly lower at
the station immediately below the reservoir than at all other stations (p<.01). The average total numbers
collected at stations below the reservoir were significantly greater than at stations above (p<.01). A
greater composition of Trichoptera and a lower composition of Plecoptera were found on artificial
substrates immediately below the reservoir. Cold water preference taxa and eurythermal taxa
dominated invertebrate numbers on artificial substrates at stations above the reservoir. Warm water
preference taxa and eurythermal taxa were numerically dominant at stations below. Total oven dried
weights of invertebrates on artificial substrate samplers averaged about 100% higher at stations below
the reservoir than at stations above. A total of 54 taxa were collected in bottom samples. Of these four
were taken only in the river above the reservoir, 15 were found only below the reservoir and 35 were
collected in both sections. The average number of taxa per bottom sampler was significantly lower
(p<.01) at the station immediately below the reservoir than at all other stations. The numerical
composition of Trichoptera was larger and Plecoptera smaller immediately below the reservoir than at
all other stations. Cold water and eurythermal preference taxa numerically dominated the invertebrate
fauna at stations above the reservoir. Warm water and eurythermal forms dominated the fauna below.
Biotic index values indicated stress on macroinvertebrate communities at stations below the reservoir.
Coefficients of similarity indicated distinct invertebrate communities at stations above the reservoir,
immediately below the reservoir and at stations further downstream. Some species of adult aquatic
insects appeared two weeks to one month earlier at stations below the reservoir than at stations above.
Pteronaroys oalifomica did not emerge, in the 4 km of the river below Ennis Reservoir where thermal
constancy existed. STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO COPY
In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment, of the
requirements for an advanced degree at Montana State University,
I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for
inspection.
I further agree that permission for extensive copying
of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by my major
professor, or, in his absence, by the Director of Libraries.
It
is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for
financial, gain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
EFFECTS OF ELEVATED SUMMER WATER. TEMPERATURES BELOW ENNIS
RESERVOIR ON THE MACROINVERTEBRATES OF THE
MADISON RIVER, MONTANA
by
JOHN JOSEPH FRALEY
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
Fish and Wildlife Management
Approved:
Chairperson, Graduate Committee
ead, Maj o p Department
Graduate Dean
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bozeman, Montana
December# 1978
ill
' ACKNOWLEDGMENT '
.
The author wishes to express appreciation .to those who assisted
him during the study.
Dr. William R. Gould directed the study and
assisted in preparation of the manuscript. ' Drs. George R. Roemhild
and John G. Wright critically reviewed the manuscript. .Dr. Wrightprovided laboratory equipment for chemical analyses.
Dr. Roemhild
confirmed the identifications of selected aquatic invertebrates.
Dalton Burkhalter assisted in statistical analyses, Richard' Oswald
provided identifications of.the Chironomidae and Steve Whalen aided
in chemical analyses.
Thanks are extended to my parents for their moral arid financial .
support during my college years.
• This study was funded by the, Montana Cooperative Fishery
Research Unit.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
■.
VITA • • • ■
» «'• • • e • • ^• « • •
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
....... ..
. Page
* • ■ e
ii
. . . . . :\ . / . . .
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................... ; .■
LIST OF T A B L E S .......... .. .............. ..
LIST OF FIGURES......................... ..
.., Iii
. . . . . .
. . .............
. . . ...
iv
v
. . . .
A B S T R A C T ............
x
xi
INTRODUCTION
I.
DESCRIPTION OF STUDY. AREA............ .......................
METHODS.
. '........ ..
•
. •.....................................
Water Chemistry.
Temperature Monitoring
Macro invertebrates . .
V 3 .
9
-...............• . 9
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . ; .,
' 10 .
. . . . . . . . . . .. . .
... . .
10
RESULTS. ........................ '.
■ 14'
Water Chemistry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Temperature Monitoring ..........
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Macroinvertebr a t e s ......................... ' .............
28
Artificial Substrate Sampling. . .. . .
. . . . . ..
28
Bottom Sampling................ .
. . . . . . .. ■ 41 1
Community Measurements
^
.
45
Biotic Index .
. . . . . , . i .. . .. ; ........
45
Similarity Coefficients. .,. '..
. . . . : '. ,.
■ 48
Adult Aquatic Insects. . . . .... . '..' V .. . . . ..
50
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION . .
LITERATURE CITED
.'. . . . . . '.
........ •
.. . . . .
. .
... . '.'.......... '. .
APPENDIX ........ ..................................... ..
54.
58'
. .... . . 64 .
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1.
2.
.
Page
Mean values.and ranges (In.parenthesis) of,selected
chemical and physical characteristics from 12-14 monthly
samples taken at stations on the Madison River in 1976
and 1977
......................... .. . . . . . . . .
15
Monthly mean and average minimum and maximum (in
parenthesis) water temperatures. (C) at stations on the
Madison River from May through October, 1977
20
-, -
3.
Thermal preferences of taxa from the Madison River based,
on the correlation of frequency of occurrence with the
percent of time above 17 C at each station. Correlation
coefficients are in parenthesis.......... .. . . . .. . . . . . 30
4.
Percent composition of, numbers o f .macroinverLebfateh1by'
major taxa collected on artificial substrate samplers ■
in the Madison River from September, 1976 through
September, 1977........................................ ..
5.
Average number (nearest whole number) of macroinvertebrates
collected on artificial substrate samplers at stations on
the Madison River from September, 1976 through September,
1977 ..................................34 ..
33
;•
6.
The ten numerically dominant genera,or species on
artificial substrates collected at stations on the.Madison .
River from September, 1976 through September, 1977 (with
average numbers of invertebrates/sampler in each taxon). . . 39
7.
The percent composition of the dry weight of major orders
of macroinvertebrates bn artificial substrate samplers
collected on the Madison River in December, 1976 and
March, May, July and September, 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.
The ten numerically dominant taxa in bottom samples
collected at stations on the Madison,River during 1977 ■
(with average number of invertebrate/sample in the taxon). .
'■ 41
43
Vi
Table
9.
10.
Page.
Biotic index values of tnacrbinvertebrates calculated
from bottom samples at stations on the Madison River
during 1977 ........... .. . . . . . . . ............... ;
46'
Jaccard and Czekanowski similarity coefficients from
presence-absence data of taxa at stations on the
Madison River in 1976 and 1977. . . . . . ... . . .
A9
Oven dried weights (g) of groups of 25 P. QaZ-Vfovnioa^ ■
adults collected on the Madison River in June 1977. . . .
,52.
12.
The pH at stations on the Madison River in 1976 and 1977:
69
13.
The total alkalinity (mg/I CaCo ) at stations on the
Madison River in 1976 and 1977. . . „
. . . .' '. . ..
66
11.
14.
The hardness (mg/1 CaCb-) at stations on the Madison ■
River in 1976 and 1977.......... .............. .v . ... .
15.
The conductivity (ymhos/cm at 25 C) at stations on the
Madison River in 1976 and 1977........ . . . . . ......
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
'•
67,
.
68
The dissolved oxygen (mg/1 0-) at stations on the
Madison River in 1976 and 1.9/7...................
69
The turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units) a:t stations ■
on the Madison River in 1976 and 1977 . . . .. . . •• •
70
The ammonia (mg/I NH--N) nitrate (mg/1. N0--N) and nitrate, (mg/1 NO -N) at stations on the. Madison River
in 1.976 and 1 9 7 7 . .............. ..
'. ■
.71
The total phosphorus (mg/1 total-P) and arthophosphate
(mg/1 P0.-P) at stations on the Madison River in 1976
and 1977 ;....................................... ..
72
The total alkalinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen
and percent saturation (in parenthesis), levels in a
diurnal series of measurements made on August 14 and ,15, •
1977 at Stations -2 arid 4 on the Madison:Rivet < .
73
vii
Table
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Page
Weekly mean and average weekly minimum and maximum,
temperatures (C) at stations on the Madison River
from April thru October, 1977 . ................... ..
74
The percent of time water temperatures were greater
than each given degree at stations on the Madison River
in May, 1977. ........................................... ..
78
The percent of time water temperatures were greater
than each given degree at stations on the Madison River
in June, 1977 ...................................... .. .
79
The percent of time water temperatures were greater,
then each given degree at stations on the Madison River
in July, 1977 . . .........................................
80
The percent of time water temperatures were greater
than each given degree at stations on the Madison River
in August, 1977 ..........................................
81
The percent of time water temperatures were greater
than each given degree at stations on the Madison River
in September, 1977 . ...............y............... ..
82
The mean temperature (C) and percent of time 7 through
17 C at stations on the Madison River for colonization
periods of artificial substrates in 1976 and 1977 . . . .
83
Average numbers/sampler and ranges (in parenthesis) of
each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station I on the Madison River on
each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the
each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 2 on the Madison River on
each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the '
nearest whole number and dashes indicate zero counts. . . 87
viii
Table
30.
'
''
■
Page
Average numbers/sampler and ranges (in parenthesis) of.!
each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 3 on the Madison River on
each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the
nearest whole number and dashes indicate zero counts . .
,
31.
Average numbers/sampler, and ranges (in parenthesis) of
each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 4 .on the.Madison River on
each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the
nearest whole number and dashes indicate zero counts . .
32.
Average numbers/sampler and ranges (in parenthesis) of
each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 5 on the Madison Riyer on
each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the
nearest whole number and dashes indicate zero counts . .
96
Frequency of occurrence of taxa on artificial substrate
samplers at each station from September,' 1976 through
September, 1977 on the Madison River . . ... . .
99
33.
34.
2
Mean oven dried weights (mg) of major taxa per 0.20m
artificial substrate sampler taken at stations on the
Madison River in December, 1976 and March, May, July
and September, 1977........ .. . ... ............... ..
. 10.2
35.
'
2
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon in 0.25m bottom
samples at Station I on the Madison River in 1977. . ,. . 104
36.
.■
2
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon in 0.25m bottom
samples at Station 2 on the Madison River.in 1977. ... . 106
37.
38.
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon in 0.25m bottom
samples at Station 3 on the Madison River in 1977. . . . 108
2
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon in 0.25m bottom. .
. samples at Station 4 on the Madison River in 1977. .
110
ix
Table
39.
40.
41.
42.
Page
2
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon in 0.25m bottom
samples at Station 5 on the Madison River in 1977. . . .
113
2
Average numbers/m of selected taxa of aquatic
invertebrates collected from eight 0.20m artificial .
substrate samplers and 0.25 m z bottom samplers (in
italics) at stations on the Madison River in May and
August, 1977. Dashes indicate incomplete dapa . . ... i
116
Quality values from Hilsenhoff (1977) assigned to
macroinvertebrates collected in 1977 .from the Madison
River and used in calculating the biotic index . . . . .
117
List of adult aquatic insects collected on the upper
and lower Madison River with the range of dates of
collection.
Collections were made in 1977 unless
otherwise noted
118
X
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1.
2.
3.
Page .
Map of the study area. Numbers indicate the location
of the sampling stations ....................................
4
Mean monthly flow of the Madison River at Ennis Reservoir
from May, 1976 through October, 1977 (Madison Power Plant
unpublished data)............................... ..
8.
Diurnal changes in dissolved oxygen and pH at Stations
2 (upper Madison River) and 4 (lower Madison River)
on August 14-15, 1977............................. ..........
4.
The average daily maximum (solid bars) and minimum (dotted
bars) water temperatures from June I through August 31,
1977 at stations on the Madison River. . ................... 21
5.
The percent of time water temperatures were from 7
through 17 C in May through October, 1977 at stations
on the Madison R i v e r ........................... ............ 23
6.
The black portion represents the percent of time
(numbers) water temperatures exceeded 17 C from May
through September, 1977 at stations on the Madison
River.
Circles without numbers indicate percent of
time values of less than 1 0 % ..................... .......... 25
7.
The regression of percent of time >17 C and mean biotic
index values at stations on the Madison River in 1977. . . .
19
47
Xl
ABSTRACT
The effects of Ennis Reservoir on the chemistry, thermal regime
and aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Madison River were studied
during 1976 and 1977. Only small differences in pH, total alkalinity,
hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonia,. nitrate,
nitrite, orthophosphate and total phbsphorus were measured at the five
stations. Mean water temperatures from June through August, 1977 at
stations below the reservoir averaged 3.5 C higher than at stations
above the reservoir. Water temperatures were above 17 C at least 31% •
more of the time at stations below the reservoir. Diurnal temperature
fluctuations immediately below the reservoir were reduced by more, than
80%. A total of 56 taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected
on artificial substrate samplers.
Of these four occurred only at sta­
tions above the reservoir, I4 were found only at stations below the
reservoir and 38 were taken both above and below. The average number
of taxa per sampler was significantly lower at the station immediately
below the reservoir than at all other stations (p<.01). The average
total numbers collected at stations bel'ovj the reservoir were signifi- ■ •
cantly greater than at stations above (fx.Ol). A greater composition
of Trichoptera and a lower composition of Plecoptera were found on
artificial substrates immediately below the. reservoir.
Cold water
preference taxa and eurythermal taxa dominated invertebrate numbers on
artificial substrates at stations above the reservoir. Warm water
preference taxa and eurythermal taxa were numerically dominant at stations below. Total oven dried weights of invertebrates on artificial
substrate samplers averaged about 100% higher at stations below the
reservoir than at stations above. A total of 54 taxa were collected
in bottom samples. Of these four were taken only in the river above ■
the reservoir, 15 were found only below the reservoir and 35 were col­
lected in both sections. The average number of taxa per bottom sam­
pler was significantly lower (p<.01) at the station, immediately below
the reservoir than at all other stations.
The numerical composition
of Trichoptera was larger and Plecoptera smaller immediately below the
reservoir than at all other stations.
Cold water and eurythermal
preference taxa numerically dominated the invertebrate fauna at sta- "
tions above the reservoir. Whrm water and eurythermal forms dominated
the fauna below. Biotic index values indicated stress on macroinverte­
brate communities at stations below the reservoir.
Coefficients of
similarity indicated distinct invertebrate communities at stations
above the reservoir, immediately below the reservoir and at.stations
further downstream.
Some species of adult aquatic insects appeared two
weeks to one month earlier at stations below the reservoir than at sta­
tions above. 'Btevonavoys dalifotmtca Aid not emerge, in the .4,'kih o f .the
river below Ennis Reservoir where 'thermal-constancy',existed..
INTRODUCTION
The Madison River is one of Montana's important trout streams.
It contains 116 km of the 727 km of blue ribbon trout water in
Montana (Brown 1965).
In 1967 the river supported an estimated
124,298 hours of fisherman use and yielded 89,767 trout (Vincent
1969).
Shortly after 1900 the Madison River was impounded to form Ennis
Reservoir.
Water from the reservoir is used to produce power at the
Madison Power Plant located immediately below Ennis dam.
Ennis Reservoir raises summer temperatures in the Madison River
below it.
Early morning temperatures in July and August, 1950-51
(U.S.F.W.S. 1954) averaged 4 C higher in the river below the reservoir
(lower river) than in the river above the reservoir (upper river).
Heaton (1961) reported daily minimum temperatures in the lower Madison
River during July and August averaged about 4 C higher than in the
upper river.
The maximum temperatures he recorded were 24 C in the
upper river and 27 C in the lower river.
Vincent (1977) monitored
temperatures in the Madison River from 1972 through 1976 and found
Ennis Reservoir elevated the mean July and August temperature of the
lower river 4 C.
Maximum temperatures during these years were 22 C
in the upper river and 27 C in the lower river.
Recent studies (Vincent 1977) have shown rainbow and brown trout
27 cm or more in total length had slower growth fates in the lower
2
river than in the upper river.
Conversely, rainbow and brown trout
less than 27 cm grew, faster in the lower river.
The reason for these
differences in growth rates were not clearly understood, but the
effects of high summer water temperatures on the trout's metabolism
or food supply have been cited as possible causes.
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects
of Ennis Reservoir on the chemical and thermal regimes and the
aquatic macroinvertebrate communties of the lower Madison River.
The secondary purpose.was to determine if the macroinvertebrate food
supply was responsible for the observed differences in growth rates
of trout in the upper and lower river.
Fieldwork was conducted from
July, 1976 through October, 1977.
\
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA
The Madison River arises in northwestern Yellowstone National
Park, Wyoming, and flows through Madison and Gallatin Counties in
southwestern Montana.
It is formed by the confluence of the Gibbon
and Firehole Rivers in Yellowstone National Park at an elevation of
2074 meters.
The river flows approximately 220 kilometers northward
across broad valleys and joins the Jefferson and Gallatin Rivers to
form the Missouri River near Three Forks, Montana.
about 1235 m at the river’s mouth.
The elevation is
The. river passes through Hebgen
Reservoir, Quake Lake and Ennis Reservoir, which are 33, 61, and 151
km below its headwaters, respectively.
2
The Madison River drains a total land area of 6480 km .
Approximately two-thirds of the drainage area in Montana is in
national forest lands.
Major land uses in the Madison basin are
livestock grazing, wheat farming and recreation (U.S.F.W.S. 1954).
The study area was located on the lower 90 km of the river.
It
extended from the Varney Bridge, 22 km upstream from Ennis Reservoir,
to the U.S. Highway 10 Bridge, 56 km downstream from Ennis Reservoir.
Five stations were established on the study area (Fig. I).
I and 2 were located above Ennis Reservoir.
flows through the wide upper Madison Valley.
Stations
In this area the river
Riparian vegetation at
these stations consisted of cottonwood (Populus), willow (Salix),
alder (Alnus), rose (Rosa) and grasses (Gramineae).
Here the river
T h re e
For
LOWER
M A D IS O N
RIVERi
Bozeman
> ENNIS
RESERVOIR
UPPER
!MADISON
R IVER
HEBGEN
RESERVOIR
10
20 Mi
17
33 Km
Figure I.
West Yellowstone
Map of the study area. Numbers indicate the location
of the sampling stations.
5
averaged about 60 m wide and was composed mostly of riffles and
rapids with few large pools.
The substrate consisted of large
cobble and boulders interspersed with small cobble, gravel and sand.
Ctadaphova occurred sparesely on the substrate.
of the river in this area was 5.7 m per km.
The average gradient
Station I was located
100 m below the Varney Bridge, 22 km above Ennis Reservoir.
approximate elevation was 1585 m.
Its
Station 2 was located 150 m below
the U.S. Highway Bridge at Ennis, Montana, 7 km above Ennis Reservoir.
Its elevation was about 1505 m.
Ennis Reservoir is located between Stations 2 and 3 and lies 7
km north of Ennis, Montana.
(U.S.F.W.S. 1954).
It has a surface area of 15.30 hectares
It is wide and shallow, especially in the southern
end and is approximately 8 km long.
Three stations were established below Ennis Reservoir.
Station
3 was located approximately 3 km below Ennis Reservoir and 0.5 km
below the Madison Power Plant.
Its approximate elevation was 1430 m.
In this area the river flowed through the Beartrap Canyon in which
steep cliffs and rockslides commonly extend to the river’s edge. Riparian vegetation consisted primarily of conifers and shrubs.
Substrate in this area consisted primarily of boulders with inter­
spersed cobble, gravel and sand.
algae which was mainly CZadophova.
It supported a heavy growth of
The average gradient in the 20
km long Beartrap Canyon was 6.5 m/km.
6
Stations 4 and 5 were located in the lower Madison Valley.
Riparian vegetation was composed of cottonwood, grasses and shrubs.
The river in the lower valley.averaged about 90 m wide and was
characterized by riffles and rapids, with some large pools.
Cladophora and Myriophyllion grew in relatively heavy densities in
this area during the summer.
The average gradient of this 39 km
portion of the river was 3 m/km.
Station 4 whs located 150 m below
the Norris Bridge, 20 km downstream from Ennis Reservoir.
approximate elevation was 1355 m.
Its
The substrate there consisted of
large cobble and boulders, with interspersed small cobble, gravel
and sand.
Station 5 was located 150 m below the U.S. Highway Bridge
near Three Forks, Montana.
It was situated 56 km downstream from
Ennis Reservoir and 3 km above the headwaters of the Missouri River.
Its elevation was 1240 m and its substrate was composed of small
rubble and gravel, with interspersed sand and silt.
The flow of the Madison River is regulated by Hebgen and Ennis
Reservoirs and is relatively- stable compared to unregulated streams
of similar size.
Ennis Reservoir is maintained at a nearly constant
level so the inflow and outflow at the reservoir are similar.
Mean,
minimum and maximum flow of the river at Ennis Reservoir for a 38
3
3
year period of record ending in 1976 were 50 m /sec(1766 ft /sec),
3
3
3
3
6 m /sec(210 ft /sec) and 270 m /sec(9550 ft /sec), respectively
(U.S.G.S. 1976).
Flows during the study period were below normal.
7
3
3
The mean, minimum and maximum flows were 46.9 m ./sec(1656 ft /sec),
21.2 m"Vsec(749 ft'Vsec) and 86.8 m^/sec(3068 ft^/sec), respectively
(Madison Power Plant unpublished data).
Mean monthly flows from
May, 1976 through October, 1977 appear in Fig. 2.
Trail, Moore, Cedar, O'Dell and Jack Creeks are tributaries
to the upper Madison River.. Tributaries to the lower river are
Beartrap, Warm Springs, Cherry and Elk Creeks.
1-100
3000m J/ s e c
$ 2000<£
-50
*
O
1000-
I
l
M J
1976
Figure 2.
l
l
J
I
A
S
MONTH
I
O
I
N
I
D
I
J
I
I
F
M
I
A
I
M
I
J
I
I
J
A
I
S
1977
Mean monthly flow of the Madison River at Ennis Reservoir from May, 1976
through October, 1977 (Madison Power Plant unpublished data).
I
O
00
METHODS
Water Chemistry
The pH, total alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen and
turbidity were measured monthly at each station throughout the study
period except during January, 1977.
Water samples were collected in
one liter polyethylene bottles, kept at 4
hours of collection.
meter.
C and analyzed within 12
The pH was measured with a Beckman expandomatic
Total alkalinity was determined pbtentiometrically using the
above pH meter following Standard Methods (A.P.H.A. 1971).
was determined using Hach Chemical Supply reagents.
Hardness
Dissolved oxygen
was measured by the modified Azide-Winkler method using.Hach Chemical
Company reagents.
turbidometer.
Turbidity was assessed with a Hach model 2100
Conductivity was measured with an Industrial Instru­
ments Company solubridge conductivity meter.
Inorganic nutrients were measured quarterly.
was determined using Hach Nitriver reagent.
Nitrite nitrogen
Ammonia nitrogen was
determined as described by Strickland and Parsons (1972).
nitrogen was measured as described by Barnes (1959).
Nitrate
Orthophosphate
and total phosphorus were determined using single reagent methods in
Standard Methods (A.P.H.A. 1971).
Oxygen, pH and alkalinity were measured every three hours over
a 24 hour period on August 14 and 15, 1977 at Station 2 (upper river)
and 4 (lower river) following the methods of Wright (1968).
The
10
pH was measured on site with a Beckman expanded scale meter.
Oxygen samples were fixed on site and analyzed in the laboratory
by the Winkler method (A.P.H.A. 1971).
Alkalinity was measured
potentiometrically in the lab within 12 hours of collection of the
water sample.
Temperature Monitoring
Water temperatures were monitored at each of the five sampling
stations with either a Taylor, Wecksler or Foxboro continuous
recording thermograph.
Temperatures were recorded throughout the
study period except during January, February and March, 1977.
Cali­
bration of the thermographs was checked weekly from late May to
September.
Temperatures from the thermograph charts were digitized
and printed on computer cards using programs, written by Dr. D .
Reichmuth, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering
Mechanics.
Temperature data were analyzed using computer programs
written by D. Burkhalter, Department of Biology.
Water temperatures
were measured at sites I, 1.5 and 3 km below Station 3 from mid June
to mid July, 1977 with maximum-minimum thermometers.
Macroinvertebrates
Macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly using multiplate
artificial substrate samplers similar to those of Hester and Dendy
(1962).
Each sampler consisted of. seven pressed hardboard plates
11
measuring 12.2 x 12.2 cm.
spacers.
The plates were' separated by 0.60 cm thick
2
Each sampler had a surface area of 0.20 m .
Four samplers
were placed in riffle areas at each of the five sampling stations.
All samplers were placed in areas of similar depths and current
velocities with the plates positioned parallel to the flow.
They were
anchored to the stream bottom with steel posts.
After approximately 30 days, the material on each sampler was
removed and placed in a jar containing 10% formalin and a label.
Sam­
ples were taken to the laboratory where each was washed on a U.S,
Series number 30 screen.
The aquatic macroinvertebrates present in
each sample were separated, washed and preserved in 70% ethanol.
Macroinvertebrates were identified to genus or the lowest possible
taxon using keys by Bauman et al. (1977), Edmondson (1959), Edmunds
and Jensen (1977), Gaufin et al. (1972), Mason (.1973), Pennak (1952),
Roemhild (1976), Usinger (1956), and Wiggins (1976)..
individuals in each taxon was recorded.
The number of
Macroinvertebrates belonging
to each order in samples collected in December, 1976. and March, May,July and September, 1977 were dried in an oven at 100 C to a constant
weight and measured on a Mettler Instruments Corporation H-16 balance.
The percent composition of dry weight of each order in each of the
above samples was calculated.
12
Bottom samples of macroinvertebrates were collected at each
station in February, May, August and October, 1977.
Two 0.25 m
2
bottom samples were taken at each station in areas of small
rubble with a Surber-Iike sampler having a net of 9 meshes,/cm.
Each sample was placed in a jar with 10% formalin and a label.
Macroinvertebrates in these samples were treated as those from
artificial substrates except none were oven dried and weighed.
A biotic index was calculated for bottom samples collected
during the study following the method described by Hilsenhoff
(1977):
-
BI = Z n. . a.
"
j
T
l
where BI = the biotic index value
n_. = the number of each macroinvertebrate in the sample
and
a
= the quality value for that macroinvertebrate
N
= the total number of macroinvertebrates in the sample
Adult aquatic insects were collected using a standard fine, mesh
sweep net and preserved in 70% ethanol.
Species determinations were
made by Dr. G. Roemhild (Ephemeroptera), Dr. R. Newell (Plecoptera),
Dr. D. Denning (Trichoptera) and Dr. W. Lange (Lepidoptera).
13
One hundred adult male and 100 adult female Ptevonaroys.
Cdltfovn-Loa were collected from both the lower (June 7, 1977) and
upper (June 18, 1977) river within the first two days of their
emergence.
The insects were killed with chloroform fumes, returned
to the laboratory and oven dried to a constant weight.
The weights
of insects from the two areas were compared statistically.
Statistical tests were made using methods in Dixon and Massey
(1969).
Statistical analyses of number of taxa per sample, total
number of macroinvertebrates per sample, ordinal number of macro­
invertebrates per sample and total weights of macroinvertebrates
per sample were performed using "MSUSTAT" programs on Montana State
University's Sigma 7 computer.
RESULTS
Water Chemistry
The chemical and physical characteristics of water samples
collected on each sampling date are presented in Appendix Tables 12
through 19.
The mean and range of chemical and physical parameters
measured at each station are presented in Table I.
Mean pH values
ranged from 8.29 to 8.52, with slightly higher values usually being
found at stations in the lower river.
The ranges of values, however,
were up to 100% greater at stations in the lower river.
Mean total
alkalinity values ranged from 96 to 112 mg/1 and were 7 to 16 units
higher at stations in the lower river.
ately hard.
Mean hardness values ranged from 65 to 85 mg/1 and were
11 to 20 mg/1 higher in the lower river.
value was
The Madison River was moder­
10 mg/1 at all stations.
The mean dissolved oxygen
Mean turbidity values were less
than 7 JTU and generally increased in downstream progression.
Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate and total phosphorous
levels were similar to those reported by the U.S.G.S.
Montana waters.
(1976) for
Mean ammonia and nitrite levels were less than 0.009
mg/1 and were similar at all stations.
Mean orthophosphate values
were less than 0.028 mg/1 and generally alike at all stations.
Mean
nitrate levels were less than 0.014 mg/1 and decreased in downstream
progression, probably due to uptake by aquatic vegetation in the
lower river.
Mean total phosphorus values were less than 0.102 mg/1
Table I.
Mean values and ranges (in parenthesis) of selected chemical and physical
characteristics from 12-14 monthly samples taken at stations on the Madison
River in 1976 and 1977.
STATIONS
Parameter
pH
I
2
3
4.
5
8.29
8.41
(8.15-8.74)
8.30
(7.80-8.92)
8.51
(8.20-9.20)
8.52
(8.35-9.05)
(8.10-8.65)
Total alkalinity
(mg/1 CaCo3)
96.0
(77-116)
97.0
(86-113)
104,0
(91-118)
112.0
(95-150)
110.0
(85-122)
Hardness
(mg/1 CaCo3)
65.0 .
(48-78)
72.0 ■
(60-83)
85.0
(67-102)
83.0
(67-120)
84.0
(60-105)
232
(175-301)
233
(182-266)
Conductivity
214
(pmhos/cm at 25 C) (161-273)
Dissolved oxygen
(mg/1)
10
(9 -12 )
219
220
(172 -280 )
(175 -263 )
10
(9-12)
(8-11)
Turbidity
(JTU)
3.4
(2.1-6.8)
4.1
(3.1-6.8)
Ammonia'*"
(mg/1 NH 3-N)
.008 ■
(.005-.014)
.008
(0-.016)
I
Nitrate
(mg/1 No 3-N)
.013
(.005-.019)
.010
(003-.018)
10
5.5
(4.0-8.0)
.008
(0-.019)
.008
(.004-.012)
10
(9-13)
6.1
(2 .6-8 .5 )
.008
(.005-.018)
.006
.(.003-.009)
10
(8-13 )
6.1
(3.5-8.5)
.008
(.004-.016)
.005
(.003-.009)
Table I (Continued)
STATIONS
Parameter
Orthophosphate"*"
(mg/1 Po^-3-?)'
Total Phosphorus"*"
(mg/1 Total-P)
2
Nitrite
(mg/I No^-N)
I
2
3
4
5'
.025
(.019-.036)
.019
(.008-.027)
.024
(.016-.032)
.027
(.019-.033)
.022
(.016-.031)
.058
. (.047-.068)
.060
( .0 3 7 -.0 7 7 )
.101
(.057-.141)
.087
(.057-.116)
.084
(.064-.116)
0
(0-0)
0
(0-0)
0
(0-0)
0
(0-0)
.003
(0-1)
"*" From 4 determinations (Aug. and Nov., 1976, May and Aug., 1977).
From 3 determinations (Aug. and Nov., 1976, and Aug., 1977).
17
and were approximately 40% higher in the lower river.
The differ­
ences in the measured parameters of water chemistry at the five
stations were not considered significant.
Matney and Garvin (1978) studied water chemistry, inorganic
nutrients, suspended sediment and flows at sites on the Madison
River near Stations I, 3, and 5.
They found the river to be a mod­
erately hard, calcium-bicarbonate stream with similar anion and
cation concentrations at all three sites.
Flows varied by less than
3
6 m
per minute at the three sites and inorganic nutrient levels
were reported to be generally low throughout the drainage.
Values
reported by these investigators were similar to those found in this
study and further indicate the chemical composition of the Madison
River varies little from Stations I through 5.
Results of the diurnal alkalinity, temperature, pH and
dissolved oxygen measurements appear in Appendix Table 20.
Total .
alkalinity remained nearly constant throughout the 24 hour period
at approximately 98 mg/1 at Station 2 and 116 mg/1 at Station 4.
Water temperatures ranged 5.8 C (14.2 to 20.0) at Station 2 and 5.9
C (16.9 to 22.8) at Station 4.
The pH changed 0.59 units (8.14-8.73)
at Station 2 and 1;03 units (7.92-8.95) at Station 4.
Dissolved
oxygen changed 1.47 mg/1 (7.52-8.99) at Station 2 and 3.86 mg/1
(6.80-10.66) at Station 4.
The diurnal dissolved oxygen and pH
.1.8
fluctuations are presented graphically in Figure 3.
These two
parameters were greater at Station 2 than at Station 4 from 2100
hours (9 P.M.) to 0900 hours (9 A.M.)* then became greater at
Station 4 from just after 0900 hours until just before 2100 hours.
The greater pH and dissolved oxygen values during the day and
greater fluctuations of these values over the 24 hour period at
Station 4 were probably due to photosynthesis and respiration by
the large growths of Cladophora and Myriophyllum in the lower river.
Temperature Monitoring
Weekly mean and average weekly minimum and maximum temperatures
of the Madison River from April through October, 1977 appear in
Appendix Table 21.
Monthly mean and average monthly minimum and
maximum water temperatures are presented in Table 2.
The average
water temperature from May through September was 14.0 C in the upper
river and 16.9 C in the lower river.
Mean water temperatures were
1.5, 3.4, 3.9, 3.1 and 1.2 C greater at stations in the lower river
than at stations in the upper river in May, June, July, August and
September, respectively.
In October, however, temperatures in the
lower river averaged 1.1 C cooler than in the upper river.
Tempera­
tures taken sporadically from December through February indicated
the river was 0 C except for a short section immediately below the
reservoir.
Heaton (1961) and Vincent (1977) also found increases in
19
9.0-1
7.5-«----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1-----------h
18
24
6
12
18
Hours
Sea-
Hours
figure 3.
Diurnal changes in dissolved oxygen and pH at Stations
2 (upper Madison River) and 4 (lower Madison River)
on August 14-15, 1977.
20
Table 2.
Monthly mean and average minimum and maximum (in.
parenthesis) water temperatures (C) at stations on the
Madison River from May through October, 1977.
STATIONS
Month
May
I
8.6
(5.9-11.9)
2
11.3
(9.5-13.8)
3
4
11.4
10.9
(10.7-12.0) (7.6-15.1)
5
12.1
(9.5-15.1)
Jun
15.7
14.0
(10.9-17.1) (13.6-18.5)
Jul
15.9
(13.3-18.9)
16.6
20.2
19.7
20.4
(14.3-19.3) (19.7-20.7)(16.4-23.6)(17.8-23.2)
Aug
15.6
(13.3-18.1)
16.7
19.2
18.7
19.3
(14.7-19.3) (18.7-19.7)(16.2-21.7)(17.1-21.8)
Sep
12.7
(10.9-14.3)
14.1
(12.9-15.6)
Oct
9.1
(8.2-10.1)
10.7
(9.7-11.4)
17.9
18.1
18.6
(17.2-18.7)(15.2-21.4)(15.8-21.5)
14'. 6
14.3
' 15.0
(14.2-15.2)(12.9-16.2)(12.9-17.1) .
8.6
(8.2-8.9)
8.8
(7.9-10.1)
9.0
(5.1-11.6)
the mean temperature of the river below Ennis Reservoir during the
summer months.
Maximum temperatures recorded at Stations I through 5 were
22.3, 24.4, 22.9, 27.0 and 27.1, respectively (Appendix Table 21).
The average daily maximum and minimum water temperatures at each
station from June through August, 1977 are presented in Figure 4.
21
1
2
3
4
5
Station
Figure 4.
The average daily maximum (solid bars) and minimum (dotted
bars) water temperatures from June I through August 31,
1977 at stations on the Madison River.
22
The diurnal temperature fluctuations during this period were
similar at Stations I, 2, 4 and 5 where they measured 5.5, 4.9,
6.4 and 5.3 C , respectively.
However, the average diurnal tempera­
ture fluctuation at Station 3 for this period was only 1.1 C.
Vincent (1977) reported low diurnal temperature fluctuations at this
location previously.
Ward (1976) and England (1976) have reported
diurnal constancy of water temperatures at regulated sites below
other dams.
Maximum-minimum thermometers showed the diurnal water
temperature fluctuations at Station 3 and points I and 1.5 km below
it ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 C from mid June to mid July, 1977.
How­
ever, the diurnal fluctuation 3 km below Station 3 ranged from 3.0
to 4.5 C , indicating the pattern of temperature constancy broke
1
between 1.5 and 3 km below Station 3.
The thermal regime of the Madison River from May through
September, 1977 is presented in Appendix Tables 22 through 26 as the
percent of time temperatures were greater than each given degree.
Studies by Brett (1969), Gaufin (1962), Gaufin and Hern (1971),
Hayes (1949), Nebeker (1968, 1971) and Newell (1973) have indicated
water temperatures of 7 through 17 C were favorable to the metabo- ■.
Iism of cold water organisms.
The monthly distribution of this
range of temperatures on the Madison River is depicted in Figure 5.
In May, water temperatures were favorable 80% or more of the time
Percent
--------- rf
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Month
Figure 5.
The percent of time water temperatures were from 7 through 17 C in May through
October, 1977 at stations on the Madison River.
24
at all stations except Station I where they were, favorable only
■;
about 65% of the time.
:
:
.
.
Temperatures less than 7 C caused the
lower percent of time at Station I.
In June, July and August .
temperatures, at stations in the upper river averaged 200, 400 and
200% more time, respectively, in the favorable range than at
stations in the lower river.
Temperatures at Stations I through 5
were in this range 74, 64, 20, 32 and 21% of the time, respectively,
during these three months.
The percent of time in the favorable
temperature range at Station 3 was nearly zero in July.
Temperatures above 17 C have been considered to be stressful
to cold water organisms (Gaufin 1962, Nebeker 1971, Gaufin and
Hern 1971, Brett 1969).
The percent of time water temperatures
exceeded 17 C at each station for each month from May through
September, 1977 is presented in Figure 6.
In May water temperatures
did not exceed 17 C more than 10% of the time at any station and
never exceeded 17 C at Station 3.
From June through August 17 C
was exceeded 76% of the time in the lower river but only 30% of the
time in the upper river.
During the average day from June through
August cold water organisms in the lower river were subjected to
temperatures above 17 C for about 18 hours.
In the upper river
temperatures were above 17 C for only seven hours of the average
day during these months.
In September temperatures were above 17 C .
25
STATION
1
Figure 6.
2
3
4
5
The black portion represents the percent of time (numbers)
water temperatures exceeded 17 C from May through
September, 1977 at stations on the Madison River. Circles
without numbers indicate percent of time values of less
than 10%.
26
about 20% of the time in the lower river and about 5% of the time
I
in the upper river.
Water temperatures exceeding 21 C severely stress cold water
organisms (Gaufin 1962, Gaufin and Hern 1971, Nebeker 1968 and 1971).
From June through August, 1977 water temperatures of 21 C were
exceeded I, 6, 23, 25 and 29% of the time at Stations I through 5,
respectively (Appendix Tables 23 through 26).
The mean temperature and percent of time from 7 through 17 C
during the colonization periods of the artificial substrates at
each station (Appendix Table 27) were representative of the thermal
regime of- the river.
The average temperature at stations in the lower
river was higher than at stations in the upper river during the
sampling in mid April through September.
The average temperature at.
stations in the lower river was cooler than in the upper river during
the colonization periods
in October, November, March and early April.
The percent of time between 7 and 17 C during the sampling periods
followed the seasonal thermal pattern of the river.
Ennis Reservoir caused elevated May through September water
temperatures and a high percent of time over 17 C from June through
August in the lower river.
at Station 3.
It reduced diurnal temperature fluctuation
It largely caused the mean water temperature at Station
4, 20 km downstream, to be 2.0 C higher than the mean air temperature
(U.S.D.C. 1977) from June through August 1977.
The mean water
27
temperature at Station 5, 56 km downstream from the reservoir, was
0.5 C greater than the mean air temperature during this period.
The
reservoir probably prevents the minimum temperature of the lower river
from dropping therefore causing higher maximums to be reached as a
result of the consistently maintained higher minimums.
Heaton (1962)
and Vincent (1977) also have concluded the Ennis Reservoir caused the
thermal enrichment of the lower Madison River.
The thermal enrichment of the lower river probably has become
greater over time.
Mean water temperatures for the period August 15
through 31, 1961 were 16.6 and 17.6 C at locations near Stations.2 and
3, respectively (Aagard 1969).
For this period in 1977 mean water
temperatures at the same locations were 16.2 and 18.4 C, respectively.
Water temperatures were higher at Station 3 in 1977 even though the
mean air temperature in 1977 was 3 C cooler than in 1961.
Further­
more, Vincent (1978) correlated the available air and water tempera­
tures from 1961 through 1977 and found a significant warming trend in
water temperatures near Station 3.
This increased warming is probably
the result of the reservoir becoming shallower from ,the continuing
deposition of sediment.
28
Macroinvertebrates
Artificial Substrate Sampling
A total of 220 artificial substrate samplers were placed in the
river from September, 1976 through September, 1977.
Fifty seven
samplers were lost or did not provide usable samples due to water
level fluctuation, ice formation, vandalism or fouling by heavy algae
growths.
The taxa and numbers of macroinvertebrates collected on the
163 samplers recovered are given in Appendix Tables 28 through 32.
Fifty six taxa belonging to 11 orders were collected on the artificial
substrates.
Four taxa were taken only in the upper river, 14 taxa
were collected only in the lower river, and 38 taxa were found in both
sections.
The total number of taxa collected on artificial substrate
samplers at Stations I through 5 were 36, 41, 30, 42 and 39 * respec­
tively.
The average number of taxa present per sampler at Stations I
through 5 were 12.0, 12.4, 8.6, 13.7 and 13.5, respectively.
Analysis
of variance and the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests showed
Station 3 had a significantly lower mean number of taxa per sampler
than all other stations (p<.01) while Stations I, 2, 4 and 5 had
statistically similar mean numbers of taxa.
The frequencies of occurrence of taxa appear in Appendix Table
33.
EphemereVla grandis, Aretopsyohe -Vnernrisj Glossosoma spp. and
Physa sp. had frequencies of occurrence at least four times greater
29
in the upper river than in the lower river.
Choroptej’p&s
alb-iannulqta.j Triaorythodes minutus, Hydroptila sp., Leuootrdohia
piotipes3 Zumatriohianotosa3 Parargyraotis 'confusalis3 Hyalella
azteoa and Asellus sp. were collected only in the lower river or had
frequencies of occurrence at least four times greater in the lower
river than in the upper river.
Ephemerella inermis3 Baetis sp.. and
Amiobentrus, aspilus had similar frequencies of occurrence in both
sections.
Because water temperature appeared to be the major physicalchemical factor that differed between sections of the river, the
frequencies of occurrence of taxa were correlated to the percent of
time over 17 C at each of the five stations and tested statistically.
Taxa with negative correlation- coefficients significant to the 80%
level or greater were classed as cold water preference organisms.
Taxa with positive correlation coefficients significant to the 80%
level or greater were classed as warm water preference organisms.
Taxa with nonsignificant correlation coefficients were classed as
eurythermal organisms.
Taxa occurring at frequencies of less than
10%.at all stations were not classified.
The results of the classifications by thermal preference are
shown in Table 3.
Physa spu, A., inermis, Antooha sp., Helioopsyohe
borealis3 Glossosoma s p p Lepidostoma Veleda3 Ephemerella grandis
Table 3.
Thermal preferences of taxa from the Madison River based on the correlation of
frequency of occurrence with the percent of time above 17 C at each station.
Correlation coefficients are in parenthesis.
COLD W A T E R PREFERENCE FORMS
W A R M W A T E R PREFER E N C E FORMS
sp.
(-.97)1
Hydroptila
(-.96)1
Heptagenia elegantula
(-.96)1
Cheumatopsyohe
Lepidostoma veleda
(-.94)^
Hydropsyohe
Helioopsyche borealis
(-.94)2 "
Tricorythodes minuius
Fhysa
sp.
Aratopsyohe
Antooha
inermis
sp.
Glossosoma
spp.
(-.93)2
■ Asellus
E U R Y THERMAL FORMS
(• 94)2
spp.
spp.
sp.
sp.
Pteronaroys c a l i f o m i c a
(-.66)
Atherix variegata
(-.62)
(.88)2
Heseroperla pacifioa
(-.46)
(.84)3
Epeorus
sp.
(-.39)
(.81)3
Amiooentrus aspilus
(-.26)
(.BO)^
Claassenia sabulosa
(-.01)
(V?)4
Ephemerella inermis
( .12)
( .
94)2
Ephemerella grandis
(-.91)2
Simulium
Psyohomyia flavida
(-.89)2
Parargyraotis confusalis
( .
73)4
Oecetis avara
( .17)
Braohyoentrus
(-.69)4
Leuootriohia pictipes
( .
72)4
Baetis
( .30)
Zumatriohia notosa
(VO)4
(intermedius)
oocidentalis
Ferrissia
sp.
'
'R h i t h r o g e n a u n d u l a t a
Paraleptophlebia heteronea
Microcyloeppus
sp.
Choropterpes albiannulata
Significant to the 99% level.
Significant to the 95% level.
Significant to the 90% level.
Significant to the 80% level.
( .31)
Sk w a l a ^ p a r a l e l l a
( .31)
( .34)
( .38)
( .53)
( .59)
31
and Psyohomyia flavida demonstrated the strongest negative responses
to water temperatures above 17 C with correlation coefficients
significant to the 95% level or greater.
Armitage (1958) also found
E. gvandis and Avctopsyohe sp. to prefer cold temperatures.
Gaufin
and Hern (1971) found E. gvandis to be a cold stenothermal organism.
Physa s p . has usually been found to be tolerant of high water temper­
atures (Coutant 1962, Kirk 1974).
However, different species of
Physa may show different thermal preferences.
Oswald (personal com­
munication) also found a species of Physa to prefer cold temperatures
in a tributary of the Madison River.
Eydvoptila sp., Heptagenia etegantula and Cheumatopsyehe spp.
showed the strongest positive responses to temperatures over 17 C
with correlation coefficients significant to the 95% level.
Ed­
mondson (1959) has reported Cheumatopsyehe sp. preferred warmer
streams.
Tvicovythodes minutus and Hydvopsyehe spp. showed statis­
tically significant positive responses to temperatures over 17 C at
the 90% level.
Armitage (1958) has reported T. minutus and
Hydvopsyehe sp. prefer warm temperatures.
However, some species of
Hydvopsyche are known.to prefer cold water (G. R. Roemhild personal
communication).
Asettus sp., which had a correlation with tempera­
tures over 17 C significant to the 80% level, has been reported by
Sprague (1963) to be tolerant of high water temperatures.
32
Amiooentvus aspitus3Claas.senia sdbulosa, Ephemevella inevmis,
Oeoetis avava and Baetis sp. had the lowest correlations to 17 C
or greater temperatures thus showing a eurythermal response.
An average of 622 invertebrates per sampler was collected
(Appendix Tables 26 through 30).
Numbers were highest in samples
collected in June or July and lowest in December or March.
Kirk
(1974) also found higher numbers of invertebrates on artificial
substrate samplers during periods of warmer water temperatures.
The average total number of macroinvertebrates per sampler was 218,
228, 1386, 840 and 323 at Stations I through 5 respectively.
Analysis of variance was performed and.station means were grouped
according to the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test.
Stations 3,
4 and 5 had significantly greater numbers of invertebrates than
Stations I and 2 (p<.01).
Station 3 had significantly greater num­
bers than all other stations except Station 4.
Brenda and Proffitt
(1974) also found increased numbers of insects in a warmed section
of a stream.
Coutant (1962) reported increased numbers of inverte­
brates in a riffle heated I to 3 C above natural temperatures.
How­
ever, Kirk (1974), Massengill (1976) and Bisson and Davis (1976)
found decreased numbers of invertebrates in thermally enriched
streams.
Langford (1971) reported no increase in numbers of insects
in a heated section of a river.
33
The ordinal composition of macroinvertebrate numbers at each
station by major taxa is given in Table 4.
The percent composition of
Trichoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera was similar at
Stations I , 2, 4 and. 5.
At Station 3, however, the composition of
Trichoptera was significantly greater (p<.01) and the composition of
Plecoptera less than at all other stations.
Ward (1976) also reported
uneven ordinal composition at regulated sites with Plecoptera being
the most severely reduced group.
Table 4.
Percent ordinal composition of numbers of macroinvertebrates
collected on artificial substrate samplers in the Madison
River from September, 1976 through September, 1977.
STATIONS
I
2
3
4
5
Trichoptera
57
44
78
60
46
Diptera
22
37
11
21
18
Ephemeroptera
15
14
10
3
2
Order
Plecoptera
.07
.
16
' 2
.
30
5
The average number of each subordinal taxon collected at each
station is presented in Table 5.
Hydropsyehe spp., Braahyoentrus
Oaaidentalis3 Cheumatopsyohe spp., Baetis sp., Sirmlium sp.,
Ephemerella inermts and Chironomidae
were the most important
I
34
Table 5.
Average number (nearest whole number) of macroinvertebrates
collected on artificial substrate samplers at stations on
the Madison River from September 1976 through September
1977.
Station
Taxon
Number of samplers
Plecoptera
Pteronarcidae
Pteroharays aaliforniaa Newport
Pteronaroella badia Hagen
Perlidae
Claasseniasabulosa Banks
Eeivgeroperla paaifiaa Banks
Perlodidae
Cultus tostonus Ricker
Skwala parallela Prison
Isoperla spp.
Chloroperlidae
Alloperla spp.
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella -inermis Eaton
Ephemerella heouba Eaton
Ephemerella grandls Eaton
Baetidae
Baetis (intermedius) Dodds
Psuedooleon e d m m d s i Jensen
Heptageniidae
Eeptagenia elegantula Eaton
Epeorus sp.
Rhithrogena undulata Banks
Leptophlebiidae
Paraleptophlebia heteronea
McDunnough
Choropterpes albianulata
McDunnough
I'
(36)
2
(33)
3
4 ■
5
(35)
(33)
(26>
. 2
<1
I
<1
2
O
2
O
I
<1
<1
I
I
<1
O
<1
O
<1
2
<1
<1
2
O
O
I
<1
<1
7
O
I
10
<1
<1
O
O
<1
8
O
5
13
<1
5
21
0.
I
18
O
I
.27
0
0
.19
<1
12
<1
100
<1
88
<1
<1
I
<1
<1
<1
<1
8
O
O
I
I
I
4
0
I
<1
<1
<1
<1
3
O
O
O
<1
I
O '
I
3
I
25
<1 •
35
Table 5.
(Continued)
Station
Siphlonuridae
Ameletus sp.
Ephemeridae
Ephemera simulans Walker
Tricoryithidae
Trteorythodes minutis Traver
Unidentified sp.
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyake spp.
Cheumatopsyehe spp.
Aretopsyehe inermis Banks
Glossosomatidae
Glossosoma spp.
Protoptila
Brachycentridae
Braehyeentrus oeeidentalis
Banks
Amioeentrus aspilus Ross
Leptoceridae
Ceraelea spp.
Oeeetis avara Banks
Psychomyiidae
Psyehomyia flavida•Hagen
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila sp.
Leueotrichia pietipes Banks
Zumatriehia notosa Ross
Rhyacophilidae
Rhyaeophila eoloradensis
Lepidosomatidae
Lepidostoma veleda Denning
Helicopsychidae
Helieopsyohe borealis Hagen
1
2
3
4
5
O
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
4
O
I
4
14
36
<1
<1
O
O
<1
30
2
2
10
I
3
926
140
O
60
23
<1
97
36
0
2
<1
I
<1
O
O
81
I
69
I
<1
I
382
I
5
0
<1
<1
O
<1
<1
<1
<1
I
0
<1
4
6
I
I
<1
<1
O
O
• <1
O
O
8
I
I
4
I
<1
7
<1
' <1
O
<1
O
0
0
3
4
<1
0
<1
I
I
O
<1
0
O
o.
<1
<1
36
Table fj.
(Continued)
Station
I
2
3
4
5
<1
<1
I
O
O
O
O
I
O
O
I
O
<1
O
O
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
I
47
. I
80
97
66
38
127
3
52
Lepidoptera
Pyralidae
Pqrargyractis oonfusalis
Walker
O
O
3
10
I
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Optioservus sp.
Miorooyloeppus sp.
Lara sp.
2
O
O
2
<1
O
O
<1
O
2
O
<1 ■
I
I
6
Hemiptera
Corixidae
Sigara sp.
O
O
O
<1
O
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella azteoa Saussure
O
O
<1
<1
<1
Isopoda
Asellidae
Asellus sp.
O
O
I
<1
<1
Diptera
Rhagionidae
Atherix variegata Meigen
Tipulidae
Tipula sp.
Hexatoma sp.
Antooha s p .
Simulidae
Simulium sp.
Chironomidae
'
37
Table 5.
(Continued)
Station
Gastropoda
Ancylidae
F e w i s s i a sp.
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea sp.
Physidae
Physa sp.
Planorbidae
Gyraulis sp.
Pelycypoda
Sphaeriidae
Pisidium sp.
I
2
3
4
5
O
<1
O
I
<1
2 •
O
O
O
4
4
O
<1
O
• <1
O
O
■<1
O
O
O
O
<1
O
<1
38
subordinal taxa numerically.
Bradhyoentrus oocidental-is was the
numerically dominant taxon in the upper river and Hydropsyohe spp. was
the most abundant taxon in the lower river.
The 10 numerically dominant genera or species at. each station is
presented in Table 6.
These major forms and the family Chironomidae
comprised about 96% of all the aquatic invertebrates collected during
the study.
Five of the 10 numerically dominant taxa at Stations I and 2 were
previously classed as cold, water preference forms in Table 3.
Only one
of the 10 numerically dominant forms at these stations was categorized
as a taxon preferring warm water.
Four were rated as eurythermal taxa.
At Stations 4 and 5, however, only one taxon in the dominant 10 was
listed as a cold water preference form while six were cited as prefer­
ring warm water.
Three were grouped as eurythermal.
At Station 3
none of the dominant taxa were cold water preference forms.
Seven
were classed as warm water preference forms and three were called
eurythermal.
At. this station 67% of all invertebrates collected were
Hydropsyche.
Ward (1976) and Hynes (1970) also have reported
Hydropsyohe numerically dominated the fauna at regulated sites.
The
presence of high numbers of filter feeders such as Hydropsyohe and
Cheumatopsyohe below dams may be due to the exclusion of invertebrate
Table 6.
The ten numerically dominant genera or species on artificial substrates at
stations on the Madison River from September, 1976 through September, 1977
with average numbers of inverebrate/sampler.
STATION
2
I
3
4
spp.
81
B.
occidentalis
69
Hydropsyche
30
E.
inermis
13
Cheumatopsyche
sp.
19
Baetis
12
Baetis
E.
inermis
8
10
Simulivm
E.
grandis
5
.P.
flavida
6
E.
P.
flavida
4
E.
grandis
5
Hydroptila
sp.
4
L.
veleda .
4
H.
veleda
3
sp.
4
B.
occidentalis
Hydropsyohe
Baetis
Physa
L.
Isoperla
P.
spp.
spp.
oalifomioa
sp.
Hydropsyche
'
Physa
spp.
sp.
926
spp .140
■100
sp.
inermis
B.
5
382
occidentalis
Baetis
sp.
Hydropsyche
97.
Simulivm
21
E.
spp.
sp.
inermis
spp.
Hydropsyche
88
T.
60
Cheumatopsyche
38
E.
18
Baetis
60
36
minutus
spp. 23
inermis
27
sp.
25
8
Cheumatopsyche
elegantula
8
T.
minutus
14
Hydroptila
T.
minutvs
4
P.
confusalis
10
B.
occidentalis
5
confusalis
3
Isoperla
7
H.
elegantula
4
I
Hydroptila
4
Simuliim
2
A.
inermis
3
P.
2
P.
califomica
2
Asellus
sp.
sp.
sp.
spp .23
Isoperla
spp.
sp.
sp.
10
7
3
40
predators through thermal modifications' or increased planktonic food,
supply from the reservoirs (Ward 1976).
The average dry weight of major taxa per sampler from each
station appears in Appendix Table 34.
The average dry weight of
macroinvertebrates at Stations I through 5 was 211, 368, 745, 419 and
607 mg per sampler, respectively.
Weights obtained in May, July and
September were analyzed statistically.
The mean dry weight at Station
3 was significantly greater than at Stations I and 2 and the mean
weight at Station 5 was significantly greater than at Station I
(p<.01).
Weights at Station I, 2 and 4 and at Stations 3 and 5 were
not statistically different (p<.01).
The percent compositions of
Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera and Diptera were not signifi­
cantly different at Stations I, 2, 4 and 5 (p<.01) (Table 7).
At Station 3, however, the composition of Plecoptera was
significantly less and Trichoptera significantly greater than at all
other stations (p<.01).
About 13% of the weights at Stations I and 2
were composed of Gastropoda, while this taxon made up less than 1% of
the weights at Stations 3, 4 and 5.
The results of analyses of dry
weights were similar to the results of analyses of numbers.
Both
showed similar ordinal compositions at Stations I, 2, 4 and 5 and
uneven ordinal composition at Station 3 with Trichoptera dominating
and Plecoptera being severely reduced.
41
Table 7.
The percent composition of the dry weight of major taxa
of macroinvertebrates on artificial substrate samplers
collected on the Madison River in December, 1976 and
March, M a y , July and September, 1977.
STATIONS
I
2
3
4
5
Plecoptera
43
45
6
57
61
Trichoptera
24
26
73
21
26
Ephemeroptera
10
11
15
13
10
3
4
5
8 .
2
13
14
6
I
0
Order
Diptera
Gastropoda
Bottom Sampling
2
The taxa and numbers <
of macroinvertebrates present in the 0..25m
/
bottom samples collected in February, May and August, 1977 appear in
Appendix Tables 35 through 39.
the 30 samples.
A total of 53 taxa were collected in
Four taxa were foutid only in the upper river, 14
occurred only in the lower river and 35 were collected in both sec­
tions.
The total number of taxa collected at Stations I through '5
were 38, 39, 32, 39 and 45, respectively.
The average numbers of taxa
per sample at Stations I through 5 were 26, 24, 16, 22 and 24,
respectively.
Station 3 had a significantly lower mean number of taxa
per sample than all other stations (p<.01).
42
The 10 numerically dominant taxa in bottom samples collected at
each station are presented in Table 8.
The.preference classification
of these dominants at Stations I through 5, respectively, were; four,
five, zero, two and three cold water preference organisms; two, two,
five, five and four warm water preference forms; three, three, four,
four and three eurythermal taxa and one, zero, one, one and zero
unclassified forms.
An average of 1111 invertebrates were collected per sample.
greatest numbers of invertebrates were taken in August.
The
The smallest
numbers were about one half of the highest and occurred in February
and May.
The mean number of invertebrates per sample at Stations I
through 5 were 863, 541, 1963, 940 and 1253, respectively.
Station.3
had a significantly greater mean than all other stations and Station 5
had a significantly greater mean than Station 2 (pc.Ol).
The ordinal composition of invertebrate numbers was similar at .
Stations I, 2, 4 and 5.
At Station 3, however, the composition of
Trichoptera and Isopoda was significantly greater than at all other
stations.
station.
Also the composition of Plecoptera was reduced at this
,
2
The mean number of invertebrates/m , mean number of invertebrates
2
by order/m , average number of taxa/sampler and total number of taxa
collected on eight artificial substrate samplers and four bottom
Table 8.
The ten numerically dominant taxa in bottom samples collected at stations
on the Madison River during 1977 (with average number of invertebrates/
sample in each taxon).
STATION
2
I
GTossosoma
Hydropsyche
spp.
spp.
135
E.
130
Glossosoma
spp. 115
Cheumatopsyche
inermis
Hydropsyche
4
3
spp.
spp.
sp.
spp.
904
85
Hydropsyche
56
Cheumatopsyche
55
Asellus
sp.
126
Diamesa
46
Diamesa
sp. B
HO
B.
spp,.681
Hydropsyche
5
spp.
Cheumatopsyehe
218
spp,.217
sp. B
Hydropsyehe
spp.
Cheumatopsyehe
76'
E.
occidentalis
61
Mierocyloeppus
403
spp. 266
121
inermis
sp.
75
E.
Tnermis
79
Physa
L.
veteda
68
B.
occidentalis
38
E.
inermis
33
B.
intermedius
40
P.
flavida
61
B,
O Q c i d e n t a l tIs
53
L.
v e Ieda
27
0.
avara
21
T.
mihutus
33
P.
confusalis
43
39
R.
undulata
24
Hydroptila
17
E.
inermis
32
T.
minutus
39
38
Cheumatopsyche
32
H.
borealis
34
sp.
36
H.
24
L.
veleda
34
catiforniea
29
Optiosewus
24
B.
intermedius
23
Microtendipes
H.
borealis
Baetis
P.
sp.
borealis
sp.
spp .23
B.
intermedius
14
Mierocyloeppus
■
20
P.
confusalis
12 •
Optioservus
sp.
20
A. 'v a r i e g a t a
9
H.
borealis
sp.
sp.
44
samplers at each station in May and August appear in appendix Table 40.
The results from bottom samplers and artificial substrate samplers
were generally similar.
However, artificial substrate samplers
collected only about 75% of the total numbers/m
2
arid 67% of the number
of taxa per sampler collected in bottom samplers.
Bottom samplers
collected three to eight more total taxa at the stations than artifi­
cial substrate samplers.
Bottom samplers collected slightly greater relative numbers of
Trichoptera and Plecoptera, similar relative numbers of Ephemeroptera
and relatively fewer Diptera than artificial substrate samplers.
Bottom samples contained the taxa Ephoron album, Nectopsyohe s p .,
Dioranota sp., Ophiogomphus sp., Orooneotes sp. and Sphaerium sp.
which were not taken with artificial substrate samplers.
However,
artificial substrate samplers collected Choropterpes albiannulata,
Epeorus sp., Ameletus sp., Rhyaoophila ooloradensis, Lara sp. and
Sigara sp. which were not taken in bottom samples.
The Chironomidae in bottom samples were identified to genus and
counted (Appendix Tables 35 through 39).
Twenty genera were present
with Miorotendipes sp., Diamesd s p . A, Orthooladius sp. and
Sympotthastia s p . being numerically dominant in the upper river and
Diamesa sp. B, Miorotendipes sp., Polypedillum sp. and Eukieferriellasp. dominant in the lower river.
45
Community Measurements .
Biotic Index
The quality -values assigned to taxa used in the calculations
of biotic index values from bottom samples appear in Appendix Table
41.
About 80% of these taxa were given values obtained from
Hilsenhoff (1977) and 20% were assigned values on the basis of this
study and data from other collections at Montana State University.
The numbers of each taxon used in calculating the biotic index are
given in Appendix Tables 35 through 39.
The biotic index values are given in Table 9.
The low values
at Stations I and 2 were reflective of a low degree of environ­
mental stress and were statistically similar (p<.01).
The rela­
tively high index values at Station 3 were indicative of severe
environmental stress.
The intermediate and statistically similar
values at Stations 4 and 5 suggested moderate environmental distur­
bance .
The percent of time over 17 C from June through August was
correlated with the mean biotic index value at each station.
The
correlation between these two parameters was significant (r=.94,
p< .05), suggesting the index values accurately reflected the degree
of thermal stress present at each station.
The regression1 of per­
cent of time over 17 C and mean biotic index value at each station
46
Table 9.
Biotic index values of macroinvertebrates calculated from
bottom samples at stations on the Madison River during
1977.
Station
Sampling
Date
Feb. 6
May 14
Aug. 22
Sample
I
2
3
4
5
I
1.86
1.72 .
3.03
2.62
2.73
2
1.65
1.65
3.02
2.87
2.63
I
2.09
1.82
• 3.51
2.87
2.65
2
1.86'
1.79
3.43
2.70
2.44
I
1.98
1.84
3.44
2.20
2.98
2
1.88
1.94
3.35
2.43
2.67
1.88
1.79
3.30
2.64
2.68
.15
.10
.21
.29
.18
Mean
Standard
Deviation
is shown in Figure 7.
The small deviations of the station points
from the regression line are partially due to the effect of assigning
all species at certain genera (especially Hydropsyahe and
Chewnatopsyohe) the highest quality value found in their genus.
The
sensitivity of the index would have been improved if each species of
these genera could have been assigned a separate value.
47
Y = 2 .3 6 x + 1.10
% T IM E O V E R 17C
Figure 7.
The regression of percent of time >17 C and mean biotic
index values at stations on the Madison River in 1977.
48
The biotic index seems to be an accurate guide to environmental
stress on the Madison River.
It may give a better measure of environ­
mental stress on aquatic communities than community indicator concepts
(Gaufin and Tarzwell 1956) or diversity indices (Wilhm 1967) because
it incorporates ecological as well as numerical data for each taxon
into the index value.
Chutter (1972) found the biotic index was useful
in determining the degree of environmental stress in South African
streams and Hilsenhoff (1977) found it was a better indicator of stress
on stream organisms in Wisconsin than an information theory diversity
index.
Similarity Coefficients
The similarity coefficients of the macroinvertebrate communities
at the sampling stations were computed and compared from presenceabsence data for taxa from bottom and artificial substrate sampling.
The coefficients (Table 10) indicate there were distinct community
types at Stations I and 2, at Station 3 and at Stations 4 and 5.
These
results are consistent with the differences between station's shown by
ordinal and generic composition of invertebrate numbers and the biotic
index values.
49
Table 10.
Jaccard and Gzekanowski similarity coefficients, from
presence-absence■data of taxa af stations on the
Madison River in 1976 and 1977.
Jaccard Coefficients
Station
I
2
I
3
4
5
—
2
.789
3
.483
.477
4
.640
.597
.565
—
5
.605
,598
.593
681
—
—
—
Czekanowski Coefficients
Station
I
2
I
3
4
5
—
2
.871
3
.652
.646
4
.747
.789
.723
—
5
.731
.774
.745
804
—
—
—. —
50
Adult Aquatic Insects
The list of the 50 species of adult aquatic insects collected,
location of collection and the range of the collection dates appear
in Appendix Table 42.
Of these adults 14, 11, 24 and I were species
of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, respec­
tively.
Forms collected commonly in the upper river but not taken on
the lower river were the plecopterans S v W a i U a H n e o s a and S.
Ipaindula3 the ephemeropterans Rhithrogena vndulata and Epeorus sp.
and the trichopterans Rhyaoophila Coloradensis3 Glossosoma montana3
Arotopsyohe inermis and Hydropsyohe jewetti.
Forms collected commonly on the lower river but not found on the
upper river were the plecopteran Isoperla patrioia3 the ephemefopteran
Tricorythodes minutus3, the trichopterans Neatopsyohe sp., Leucotriohia piotipes and Zumatriohia notosa and the lepidopteran
Parargyraotis oonfusalis..
Twenty one species were collected on both
the upper and lower river.
The adults of some species present in both sections of the river
appeared earlier on the lower river than on the upper river.
The
plecopterans Pteronaroys Oalifomiea3 Claassenia sdbulosa and
Hesperoperla pacifioa were collected about, two weeks earlier and
Isoperla fuVoa appeared about one month earlier in the lower river.
51
The .trichopteran Heliaopsyohe borealis was collected about one month
earlier and the ephemeropterans Ephemevella grandis and E. inemris
several weeks earlier in the lower river.
The earlier emergences in
the lower river were probably caused by the higher temperatures that
occurred there.
Nebeker (1971a) also found some species of aquatic
insects emerged earlier in warmer sections of a stream.
He concluded
water temperatures had a direct effect on their emergence times.
Hynes (1976) too suggested water temperature was a major factor
controlling the timing of emergence of many species of Plecoptera.
Langford (1971), however, did not find earlier emergences of
Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera in a stretch of a river warmed by cool­
ing water from a power plant.
Pteronaroys oalifomioa emerged in large numbers upstream and
downstream from Ennis Reservoir where there was no pattern of thermal ■
constancy.
However, no emergence of this species was observed for
approximately 4 km below the reservoir where the pattern of thermal
constancy existed.
The weights of groups of.P'. oalifomioa adults collected in 1977
from the upper and lower, river are presented in Table 11.
The average
weight of groups in the lower river was 13% less (p<.01) than of those
in the upper river.
Preliminary analysis of weights obtained in 1978
also showed P. oalifomioa adults weighed less in the lower river.
Table 11.
Oven dried weights (g) of groups of 25 P. CaljLfornica adults collected on the
Madison River in June 1977.
Males
Sex
lower river
Location
Females
upper river .
-
lower river
upper river
I
3.203
3.688
7.326
8.475
2
3.254
3.717
7.322
8.066
3
3.256
3.765
7.186
8.606
4
3.242
3.727
7.258
8.252
Mean
3.238
3.724
7.273
8.350
Standard
Deviation
' .025
.032
.066
.239
Group
53
The lighter weights of P. Qat1Iforwioa in the lower river may have been
due. to lower fat reserves because of the higher metabolic costs in the
lower river.
Fat reserves are the important source of energy in
plecopteran nymphs just prior to emergence (Oberndorfer and Stewart
1977).
Nebeker (1971b) has suggested food storage in P. dorsata was
probably less in nymphs raised at 20 C than at colder temperatures
due to increased metabolic costs.
During the 7 days prior to the
emergence of P. o a t t f o m i o a ^average maximum water temperatures at
Station I in the upper river and Station 4 in the lower river were
14.5 and 21.0 C, respectively.
During this same period the percent of
time over 17 C was zero in the upper river and 39% in the lower river.
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
.Ennis Reservoir has caused significant qualitative and quanti-.
tative changes in the macroinvertebrate fauna of the lower Madison
River.
.
Of the 81 taxa collected during the study five were taken
only in the upper river, 17 were found only in the lower river and
59 were common to both sections.
The numbers of macroinvertebrates
collected in the lower river were significantly greater than in the
upper river.
The estimated numbers of invertebrates from artificial
2
substrate sampling were 1115/m
the lower river.
2
in the upper river and 4140/m
Estimates from bottom samples were 2808/m
upper river and 5536/m
2
in the lower river.
2
in the lower river.
in the
Dry weights of inverte-
brates from artificial substrate samplers averaged I.48g/m
upper river and 2.95g/m
2
in
2
in the
The macroinvertebrate
community was dominated by cold water and eurythermal forms in the
upper river and warm water and eurythermal forms in the lower river.
Biotic index values averaged 1.84 in the upper river and 2.94 in the
lower river.and were significantly different.
Coefficients of
similarity indicated invertebrate communities in the upper river were
distinct from those in the lower river.
Emergence times of some
insects were two weeks to one month earlier in the lower river than
in the upper river.
The macroinvertebrate community at Station 3, located 3 km below
Ennis Reservoir, was the most severely altered.
Ordinal composition
55
of invertebrate numbers and weight was skewed toward increases in
Trichoptera and decreases in Plecoptera.
Hydropsyohe
about 70% of all invertebrates collected at Station 3.
made up
Only warm
water and eurythermal invertebrates were numerically important at
this station.
The average biotic index value at Station 3 was 3.30.
This was significantly greater than at all other stations and indi­
cative of severe environmental stress on the cold water invertebrate
community.
Biotic index values at Stations 4 and 5 averaged 2.64 and 2.68,
respectively.
These values indicate moderate stress on the cold water
invertebrate communities.
Increased summer water temperatures caused by Ennis Reservoir
appeared to be largely responsible for the altered macroinvertebrate
communities in the lower Madison River.
Water temperatures in the
lower river averaged 3.5 C greater than in the upper river from June
through August, 1977.
During these months water temperatures were
over.17 C nearly 75% of the time in the lower river but only 31% of
the time in the upper river.
The thermal constancy at Station 3
appeared to accentuate effects of increased water temperatures.
Air
and water temperature comparisons indicate some thermal enrichment
extended to Station 5.
The effects of the reservoir on the chemistry:
of the lower river was deemed too small to affect the differences
measured in the distribution and numbers of macroinvertebrates.
56
It ig doubtful the slower growth rates of the larger trout in
the lower Madison River were caused by deficiencies in, the macro­
invertebrate food supply.
The numbers and weights of invertebrates
in the lower river averaged two to three times greater, than in the
upper river.
Average numbers of invertebrates per m
2
collected in
the lower Madison River were three to five times greater than in the
Yellowstone River (Newell 1976), West Gallatin River (Roemhild 1971),
Firehole River (Armitage 1958) and Provo River (Gaufin 1958).
Increased temperatures in the lower river probably caused
increased maintenance requirements in the 27 cm and larger fish from
near Station 4 resulting in slower growth rates than comparably
sized fish in the upper river.
Growth studies indicate (E. R.
Vincent, personal communication) these larger fish were unable to
initiate growth in the spring before water temperatures reached
levels considered by Brett et al.
(1969) to be unfavorable for
salmonid growth.
Preliminary analysis of growth rate studies of trout smaller
than 27 cm in the Madison River indicate their greater growth rates
in the lower river may have resulted from superior growth obtained
in the spring before water temperatures reached unfavorable levels .
(E. R. Vincent personal communication).
The much greater numbers of
smaller insects, particularly Hydroptilidae, in the lower river may
57
have provided a superior food supply for the smaller trout there.
These smaller insects were emerging and available to the smaller
trout during the period of favorable temperatures in the spring.
No
evidence could be found to indicate smaller trout are better able to
cope metabolically with high temperatures than larger trout. .
The fishery resource in the lower Madison River is important and
increasing in value as high quality trout habitat is being lost.
This resource warrants some mitigating action from the high summer
water temperatures which will only increase further as the reservoir
continues to fill with sediment.
been considered.
Several methods of mitigation have
The most feasible solution appears to be lowering
the level of Ennis Reservoir from June through August.
This action
would reduce the surface area and decrease the retention time of water .
in the reservoir.
Thermal data on the reservoir and river will be
entered into a computer model.to determine the effects of water level
reductions on the temperature of the lower river.
This study will
provide data for comparisons if mitigation is attempted.
Lite r a t u r e
cited
LITERATURE CITED
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Temperature of surface waters in Montana.
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613 p p .
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1971.
Standard methods for
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874 pp.
Armitage, K. B. 1958. Ecology of the riffle insects of the
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Ecology 39:571-580.
______________ . 1961. Distribution of riffle insects in the
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Barnes, H. H. 1959.
Inorganic nitrogen: nitrate. Pages 113-125
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1976. Production of juvenile
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1974. The effects of thermal
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and Sharitz, eds. Thermal Ecology. AEC publication.
Brett, J. R., J. E. Shelborn and C . T. Shoop. 1969. Growth rate
and body composition of fingerling sockeye salmon,
Onoovhynohus nevka3 in relation to temperature and ration
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2 pp.
Chutter, F. M. 1972. An empirical biotic index of the quality of
water in South African streams and rivers. Water Res. 6:19-30
60
Clifford, H. T. and W. Stephenson.
1975. An introduction to
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229 p p .
Coutant, C. C . 1962.
The effect of a heated water effluent upon
the macroinvertebrate riffle fauna of the Delaware River.
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Cushing, C . E. 1963. Filter feeding insect distribution and
planktonic food supply in the Montreal River. Trans. Amer.
Fish. Soc. 92:216-219.
Dixon, W. F . and F. J. Massey, Jr.
1969.
Introduction to
statistical analysis. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
683 pp.
Edmunds, G. F., Jr., S. L. Jensen and L. Berner. 1976. The
mayflies of North and Central America..
University of
Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
330 pp.
Edmondson, W. T., ed. 1959. Freshwater Biology.
Sons, Inc., New York.
1248 pp.
John Wiley and
England, R. H. 1976. Changes in ambiant trout stream temperatures
by different impoundment designs.
Final report, Fed. Aid.
Proj. F-25. Project No. F-25-2. Georgia Dept, of Natural
Resources, Game and Fish Division.
25 pp.
Gaufin, A. R. 1959.
Production of bottom fauna in the Provo River,
Utah.
Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 33:395-419.
Gaufin, A. R. 1962. Environmental requirements of Plecoptera.
Pages 105-110 in Tarzwell, C. M. Third seminar on biological
problems in water pollution.
Gaufin, A. R. and S . Hern.
1971. Laboratory studies on the
tolerance of aquatic insects to heated waters.
Jour. Kansas
Ent. Soc. 44(2):240-245.
Gaufin, A. R., W. E. Ricker, M. Miner, P. Milam and R. A. Hayes.
1972.
The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Montana.
Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 98:1-161.
Gaufin, A. R. and C. M. Tarzwell. 1956. Aquatic macroinvertebrate
communities as indicators of pollution in Lytle Creek, Ohio.
Sew. and Indust. Wastes. 28:906-924.
61
Hayes, F. R. 1949.
The growth, general chemistry and temperature
relations of salmtinid eggs. Quart. Rev. Biol. 24:281.-308. .
Heaton, J. R. 1961.
Temperature study of the Madison River drain­
age. Job Completion report. Fed. Aid Proj. F-9-R-9.
Job. no. '
11 B. Montana Dept, of Fish and Game. 10 p p .
Hester, F. E. and J. S. Dendy. 1962. A multiple plate sampler
for aquatic macroinvertebrates.
Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 91(4):
420-421.
Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1977. Use of arthropods to evaluate water quality
of streams. Wisconsin Dept, of Natural Resources, Madison,
Wisconsin.
Technical Bulletin No. 100. 15 pp.
Hynes, H. B. N. 1970.
of Toronto Press.
The ecology of running waters.
555 p p .
______________ . 1976. Biology of Plecoptera.
Entomol. 21:135-153.
University
Ann. Review of
Kirk, W. L. 1974. Macroinvertebrates.
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W. S. ed. Ecological impact of thermal loading on a piedmont
river.
Virginia Inst, for Sci. Research, final report.
Langford, T. E. 1971. The distribution, abundance and life history
of stoneflies and mayflies in a British river warmed by cooling
water from a power station. Hydrobiologia 38(2):339-377.
Lemkuhl, D. M. 1972.
Change in thermal regime as a cause of
reduction of benthic fauna downstream of a reservoir. J. Fish.
Res. B d . Can. 29:1329-1332.
Macan, T. T. 1974.
and Sons, Inc.
Freshwater ecology, second edition.
New York.
343 pp.
John Wiley .
Mason, W. T. 1973. An introduction to the identification of
chironomid larvae. National Environmental Research Center,
E.P.A.
90 pp.
Madison Power Plant.
1977.
Unpublished flow records.
Massengill, R. R. 1976. Benthic fauna. Paged 39-53 in Merriman
and Thorpe. The Connecticut River ecological study-impact
of a nuclear power plant. A.F.S. monograph no. I.
\
62
Matney, C. E. and W. H. Garvin.
1978. Agricultural water quality
in the Gallatin and Madison drainages.
Report to the E.P.A.
by Blue Ribbons of the Big Sky country Areawide Planning;
Organization.
139 p p .
"
Nebeker, A. V. 1971a. Effect of water temperatures on nymphal feeding
rate, emergence and adult longevity of the stonefly, PZeronovoys
dorsata. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 44:21-26.
______________ . 1971b. Effect of temperature at different altitudes
on the emergence of aquatic insects from a single stream. J.
Kansas Entomol. Soc. 44:26-35.
_____________ and A. E. Lemke. 1968. Preliminary studies on the .
tolerance of aquatic insects to heated waters.
J. Kansas
Entomol. Soc. 41(3):413-418.
Newell, R. L. 1976.
The Effect of Temperature on Growth and
Development of the Mayfly, Tvioorythodes minutus Traver.
Ph.D. dissertation.
Idaho State University..
____________ . 1976. Yellowstone River study: final report.
Dept. of.Fish and Game and Intake Water Co. 97 p p .
Unpub.
Montana
Oberndorfer, R. Y. and K. W. Stewart.
1977. The life cycle of
EydvopevZa ovosyby: (Plecoptera:Perlodidae). Great Basin
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Pennak, R. W i 1953. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States.
Ronald Press Co., New York.
769 p p .
Roemhild, G. R. 1971. Aquatic invertebrates and water quality:
The effect of human ingress in a semi-primitive area. Unpub­
lished paper.
1976. Aquatic Heteroptera (true bugs) of Montana.
Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Research Rep. No. 102. Montana State
■University, Bozeman.
69 p p .
Sprules, W. M. 1947. An ecological investigation of stream insects
in Algonquin Park, Ontario.
Toronto Studies, Biological
Series no. 56. pp. I-Sl.
63
Strickland, J. D. and T. R. Parsons.1 1972'; A Practical Handbook
of Seawater Analysis.
Fisheries Res. Bd.. Can. Bull. 167,
2nd ed.
310 pp.
U. S. Department of Commerce, Weather. Bureau.
Data. V o l . 80. 300 pp.
1977.
Climatological
U. S . Fish and Wildlife Service. 1954. Creel census and
expenditure study, Madison River, Montana, 1950-52.
Special
Scientific Report - Fisheries No. 126. 39 p p .
U. S. Geological Survey.
1976. Water, resources data for Montana,
water year 1976. U. S . Geol. Sur. water data rep. MT. 76-1.
766 pp.
Vincent, E. R. 1969. Madison River creel census. Research Project
report. Fed. Aid. Proj. F-9-R-16, Job. no. 1(a). Montana Dept.
of Fish and Game. 12 pp.
______________ . 1977. Madison River temperature study.
Job progress
report, .Fed. Aid Proj. F-9-R-25.
Job no. 11(a). Montana Dept.
of Fish and Game. 10 pp.
___________.
1978. Madison River temperature study.
Job progress
report, Fed. Aid. Proj. F-9-R-25. Job no. 11(a). Montana Dept,
of Fish and Game.
9 pp.
■
.
Ward, J. V. 1976. Comparative limnology of differentially regulated
sections of a Colorado mountain river. Arch. Hydrobiol. 78(3):
319-342.
Wiggins, G. B . 1977. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera
(Trichoptera), University of Toronto Press.
401 pp.
Wilhm, J. L. 1967. Comparison of some diversity indices applied
to populations of benthic macroinvertebrates in a stream
receiving organic wastes.
Jour. W. P. C. F. 39(10).
Wright, J. C . and I. K. Mills.
1968, Productivity studies on the
Madison. River, Yellowstone National Park. Limnology and .
Oceanography-12(4):568-577.
APPENDIX
65
Table 12. The pH a t 'stations on the Madison River in 1976 and 1977.
STATIONS
DATE
I
2
3
4
5
8/4/76
8.45
—
8.75
9.20
8.40
9/6/76
8.30
8.40
8.45
8.40
8.55
10/8/76
7.85
8.15
7.80
8.20
8.90
11/6/76
8.50
8.55
8.35
8.30
8.80
12/3/76
8.20
8.25
8.20
8.45
8.40
8 .2 8
8.30
8.25
8.42
8.50
3/16/77
8.40
8.40
4/17/77
8.35
8.6 5
8.35
8.45
8.40
5/14/77
8.20
8:35
8.15
8.45
8.35
6/16/77
8.10
8.35
8.60
8.50
8.40
7/18/77
8.65
8.55
8.45
8.80
9.05
8/18/77
8.60
8.61
8.30
9.05
8.50
9/21/77
8.48
8.74
8.92
8,98
8.86
10/22/77
8.42
8.42
8.42
8.60
8.54
2/11/77
'
8.40
—
.
■
8.35
66
Table 13.
The total alkalinity (mg/1 CaCOg) at stations on the
Madison River in 1976 and 1977.
STATIONS
DATE
I
2
3 •
4
5
8/4/76
88
—
97
98
97
9/6/76
90
86
98
101
108
10/8/76
77
83
96
104
122
11/6/76
80
93
91
95
85
12/3/76
82
90
95
104
102
2/1 1 /7 7
109
HO
114
120
115
3/16/77
116
113
140
120
4/17/77
113
113
115 •
103
5/14/77
95
95
HO
113
113
6/16 /7 7
100
95
103
115
114
7/18/77
98
96
HO
150
.115
8/18/77
99
97
118
114
120
9/21/77
95
90
108
113
120
10/22/77
99
100
HO
HO
109
—
108
'
'
67
Table 14.
The hardness
(mg/1 CaCo^) at stations on the Madison
River in 1976 and .1977.
STATIONS
DATE
' I
2
3
4
5
9/6/76
78
83
90
90
94
10/8/76
58
63
79
79
90
11/6/76
48
70
73
76
60
12/3/76
52
60
67
67
68
2/11/77
70
77
80
88
80
3/16/77
55
60
—
105
75
4/17/77
65
75
75
80
65
5/14/77
63
63
81
80
'80
6/16/77 ■
85
80
93
106
95
7/18/77
71
78
98
120
105
8/18/77
70
75
102
.101
102
9/21/77
65
75
95
90
95
10/22/77
65
76
90
85
88
68
Table 15. The conductivity (yxnhos/cm at 25 C) at stations on the
Madison River in 1976 and 1977.
STATIONS
DATE
2 ■'
I
3
4
5.
8/4/76
181
--
183
175
193.
9/6/76
207
192
221
221
207
10/8/76
186
186
196
193
11/6/76
203
200
207
210
• 217
12/3/76
211
207
231
237
237
2/11/77
221
225
252
267
265
3/16/77
252
270
—
301
287
4/17/77
273
280
175
252
228
5/14/77
228
228
249
252
252
6/16/77
.161
172
207
203
182
.7/18/77
224
224
214
231.'
21.7
8/18/77
217
224
238
230
263
9/21/77
193
200
224
232
10/22/77
252
252
263
245
'
'
.
.
■
210
242
265
.
I
69
Table 16. The dissolved oxygen (mg/1 0^) at stations on the Madison
River in 1976 and 1977.
STATIONS
DATE
8/4/76 .
2
I
—
10
3
4
5
9
9
9
.9
9
9
8
9
10/8/76
10
10
11
9
11/6/76
11
12.
11
12
11 '
12/3/76
12
12
11
13
13
3/16/77
12
12
10
12
11
4/17/77
10
9
9
9
" 10
5/14/77
10
10
9
10
11
6/16/77
10
10
10
9
. '10
7/18/77
10
9
8
.
10
8/18/77
9
9
8 '
10
.8
9/21/77
11 '
11
10
11
11
9
10
10
9
10
9 /6/76
10/22/77
•
.
■
,*
9
9
70
Table 17.
The turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units) at stations on
the Madison River in 1976 and 1977.
STATIONS
DATE
2
I
3
4
5
8.0
7.0
8.5
8/4/76
3.0
9/6/76
3.1
3.7
5.9
7.7
4.8
10/8/76
3.4
4.5
6.4
6.5
7.0
11/6/76
2.1
4.2
4.3
6.3
6.1
12/3/76
2.9
3.1
4.0
4.3
5.6
2/11/77
3.0
5.3
2.1
2.6
3.5
3/16/77
2.8
3.1
8.0
4.4
4/17/77
4.0
5/14/77
—
—
3.5
7.0
8.5
10.0
6.8
6.8
8.0
6.9
8.2
6/16/77
3.3
3.3
5.8
8.0
6.0
7/18/77
2.5
3.0
4.1
4.3
4.2
8/18/77
4.0
. 5.5
5.8
5.9
• 6.0
9/21/77
3.4
3.8
5.9
4.5
5.7.
10/22/77
3.5
3.1
4.8
5.8
5.6
'
71
Table 18.
The ammonia (mg/1 NH^-N) nitrite (mg/1 NO^-N) and nitrate
(mg/1 NOg-N) at stations' on the Madison River in 1976 and
1977.
.
STATIONS
I
2
3
4
5
8/20/76
.014
.016
.019
.015
.016
10/12/76
.006
.007
.004
.005
.004
9/18/77
.005
■0
0
.. .005
.005
DATE
Ammonia
Nitrite
8/20/76
0
0
.001
0
0
10/12/76
0
0
0
0
0
.
5/17/77
0
0
0
0
0
.
8/20/76
.019
.016
.009
.007
.009
10/12/76
.016
.018
.012
.009
.003 ,
■ .013
.004
.004 '
.003
.005
Nitrate
5/17/77
9/18/77
.005'
. .004
.004
.003
.003
.
72
Table 19.
The total phosphorus (mg/1 total-P) and orthophosphate
(mg/I PO^-P) at stations on the Madison River in .1976 and
1977.
STATIONS
DATE
I
3
.2
4
5
Total phosphorus
8/20/76
.068
.064
.099
.080
.072
10/12/76
.062
.063
.057
.057
.064
5/17/77
.056
.077
.141
.116
.116
9/18/77
.047
.037
.105
.095
.087
Orthophosphate
8/20/76
.019
.008
.024
.023
.021
10/12/76
.024
.021
.016
.019
.016
5/17/77
.020
.021
.024
.033
'.021
9/18/77
.036
.027
.032
.032
.031
.
Table 20.
The total alkalinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and percent saturation
(in parenthesis).levels in a diurnal series of measurements made on August 14
and 15, 1977 at Stations 2 and 4 on the Madison River.
Total alkalinity
Station
2
4
Temperature
2
4
pH
2
Dissolved oxygen
4
2
4
Hours
1800
97.5
115.0
20.0
22.8
8.61
8.94
7.52(101)
9.11(123)
2100
97.5
117.0
' 17.8
20.0
8.54
8.34
7.63( 95)
6.80( 87)
0600
‘ --
—
14.2
16.9
8.14
7.92
8.13( 94)
7.08( 86)
—
14.5
17.2
8.18
8.14
8.65(102)
8.39(102)
9.53(117)
0900
---- ---
1200
98.0
116.5
16.7
18.9
8.34
8.51
8.99(110)
1500
--
—
19.4
22.2
8.53
8.84
8.64( 98) 10.66(144)
1800
97.5
112.5
.20.0
21.1
8.73
8.95
8.16(106)
9.04(119)
2100
96.5
116.5
17.2
19.4
8.64
8.59
7.85( 96)
7.20( 93)
Table 21.
Weekly mean and average weekly minimum and maximum temperatures (C) at stations
on the Madison River from April through October, 1977.
STATION
>
I
2
3
4
5
Month
Week
April
I
5.1
2.3- 8.8)
4.8
2.2- 9.8)
2
4.9 ■
( 1.9- 9.0)
6.9
( 4.0-10.7)
3
5.7
( 2.6- 9.8)
9.7
( 8.1-11.7)
9.2
( 8.7-10.1)
7.3
( 4.6-10.9)
9.1
( 6.5-11.6)
11.4
( 9.7-13.6)
12.4
(11.7-13.2)
12.5
( 8.3-17.4)
-
I
7.3
( 5.0-10.3)
10.2
( 8.7-12.4)
10.9
(10.1-11.6)
10.8
( 8.2-14.4)
11.1
( 8.8-13.9)
2
9.7
( 6.6-13.3)
12.2
(10.2-15.4)
12.0
(11.5-12.6)
12.2
( 8.3-16.8)
13.5
(10.7-16.4)
3
7.3
( 5.0-10.6)
10.3
( 8.8-12.6)
11.1
(10.3-11.8)
8.8
( 6.1-12.8)
10.2 "
( 7.5-13.9)
10.1
12.2
( 9.9-14.9)
11.4
(10.9-12.1)
11.7
( 7.4-16.6)
13.2
(10.3-16.2)
May
4
( 6.9-13.9)
-
Table 2 1 . (Continued)
Station
Month
Week
I
2
3
4
5
June
I
14.0
(10.6-17;8)
.14.4 '
(12.8-16.7)
15.7
(14.7-16.8)
17.3
(13.4-22.1)
18.1
(15.2-20.8)
2
11.1
( 9.1-13.3)
12.7
(11.8-14.2)
17.4
(16.6-18.1)
16.7
(15.4-18.5)
17.4
(15.6-19.5)
3
13.2
(10.3-16.3)
14.9
(12.9-18.0)
17.0
(16.4-17.6)
16.7
(14.2-20.1)
18.0
(15.1-21.4)
4
16.4
(12.7-20.0)
17.5
(15.0-21.6)
21.1
(20.4-21.8)
21.3
(18.0-24.4)
20.1
(17.1-23.3)
I
. 14.1
(11.9-16.6)
14.8
(13.1-16.9)
19.1
(18.7-19.5)
18.7
(16.1-21.6)
18.9
(16.7-21.3)
2
15.1
(12.2-18.3)
■- 14.6
(12.1-17.6)
18.6
(18.2-19.2)
18.9
(15.3-23.2)
19.3
(16.7-22.2)
3
16.8
(13.9-19.8),
17.5
(15.0-20.1)
20.8
(20.2-21.6)
20.2
(16.4-24.4)
21.2
(18.3-24.1)
4
17.2
(14.4-20.5)
18.5
(15.9-21.6)
21.6
(21.2-22.3)
20.6
(17.1-24.8)
21.5
(18.7-24.6)
July
Table 21. (Continued)
Station
Month .Week
August
Sept.
I
2 .
3
4
5
I
16.5
(14.2-19.1)
17.7
(15.3-20.7)
21.1
(20.6-21.6)
20.1
(17.1-24.3)
21.2
(18.7-23.7)
2
16.0
(13.2-19.2)
17.0
(14.7-20.4)
-19.1
' (18.6-19.6)
18.9
(15.7-22.7)
19.9
(17.3-22.5)
3
16.8
(14.3-19.8)
17.9
(15.4-20.9)
19.8
(19.3-20.4)
19.6
(16.9-22.9)
20.5
(17.9-23.3)
4
13.3
(11,8-15.3)
14.4
(13.3-16.3)
16.8
(16.4-17.3)
16.2
(14.8-17.8)
16.2
(14.6-18.5) -
I
14.8
(12.5-17.0)
' 16.2
(14.4-18.5)
16.2
(15.5-16.9)
16.3
(14.3-18.8)
17.4
(14.5-20.3) -■
2
13.6
(11.3-15.8) .
14.9
(13.4-16.8)
17.3
(16.8-17.8)
16.6
(14.6-19.2)
16.6
(14.3-19.2)
3
11.9
(10.8-13.2)
13.3
(12.4-14.4)
14.9
(14.6-15.3)
14.2
(13.2-15.8)
14.8
(13.2-16.3)
4
10.8
( 9.8-12.1)
12.5
(11.7-13.4)
11.3
(10.8-11.8)
li.O
(10.2-12.2)
11.7
(10.4-13.1)
Table 2 1 . (Continued)
Station
Month
Oct.
Week
I
2
3
4
I
9.8
( 8.8-10.8)
11.6
(10.8-12.4)
9.9
( 9.7-10.3)
9.6
( 8.6-11.2)
10.1
( 7.4-
)
8.7
( 7.8- 9.7)
10.2
( 8.3-11.0)
7.5
( 7.2- 7.9)
_
-
8.3
( 5.1-
)
9:6
( 8.4-10.6)
10.8
( 9.6-11.5)
8.7
( 8.2- 9.3)
8.3
( 7.6- 9.1)
10.0
( 9.1-10.5)
8.0
( 7.6- 8.3)
2
3
4
5
-
9.2
( 7.0-12.9)
7.8
( 7.2- 8.8)
8.3
( 5.9-10.6)
_
]_
Calculations for the 4th week of each month Included the odd remaining days of the month.
78
Table 22'.
The percent of time water temperatures were greater than
each, given degree at stations on the Madison River in
May, 1977.•
Station
Temperature (C)
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
1413
12
11
10
9
8
7 '
6
5
4
3
I
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
I
2
5
6
11
12
19
29
42
56
•64
78
89
98
100
'
I
I
I
2
5
10
21
30
50
70
,
89
100
.
3
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
. 15
25
59
87
97
99
100
0
0
0
0 :
I.
I
,
2
3
6
9
15 ■
22
29
33
42
54.
69
80
87 .
93
100
I
2
.4 ■
8
16
27
41
49
.64
76
86
■
93
94
97
100
'
Table. 23.
79
The percent of time water temperatures were greater than
each given degree at stations on the Madison River in
June, 1977.
Station
Temperature (C)
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
■ 15
14.
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
■
,
I
2
3
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
. 5
8
14
16
25
• 35
46
59
66
78
89
95
99
100
0
0
I
2
4
7
11
14
19
26
29
38
48
' 63
79
88
95
100
0
0
0
0
0
2
16
23
38
49
59
75
87
95
98
100
0
I
2
4
11
13
21
28
39
49
57
70
. 81
93
96
98
100
0
0
I
2
8
11
21
31
42
58
67
79
92
99
100
•'
■
.
I
80
Table 24..
The percent of time water' temperatures were greater .
than each given degree at stations on the Madison River'
in July, 1977.
Station
Temperature (C)
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15 '
14
13
12
11
10
I
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
<1
2
5
14
25 35
47
62
76
89
94
99
100
0
■ o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
<1
3
41
58
74
96
98
100
<1
2
5
13
22
32
40
57
70
83
92
96
99
100
'3
4
. 0
<1
■<1
.3
10
17
24
32
43
56
70
77 ■
89
97
99
100
5
0
. <1
I
2 ■
10
18
25
. 37
54
72
86 .
89
98
100
81
Table 25.
The percent of time water temperatures were greater than
each given degree at stations on the Madison River in
August, 1977.
. Station
Temperature (C)
27 .
- ' 26
25
24
23
22
21 '
20
19.
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
3
12
21
26
40
55
75'
87
91
97
99.
100
•
2
3
4
5
0
0
0
0
0 ,
I
3
11
22
31
38
54
74
88
97
98
100
0
0
0
0
0
3
■ 13 ■
34
72.
82
84
90
94
100
0
I
2
3
8
14 .
23
30
42
57
68
82
91
98
100
0
0
I .
4
. 11
17
. 27
41
58
• 73
80
87
91
96 ..
100
82
Table ,26.
'
T h e 'p e r c e n t ■o f 'time watpr temperatures were greater, than
each given degree at stations on the Madison River iri
'September, 1977.
' '
Station
.
Temperature (C)
21
20,
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
I
9
0
. . o .
0
0
2
8
17
28 .
43
' 54
75
90
99
100
■' 2
Q
0
0
I
4
8
17
29
49
74
\ 83 .
96
100
■ ’■
3' "
o
0
.0
I
9
19
37
53
64
71
74
84
97
100
4
■
■
0
■ 0
.1 .
5 ■
.
13
. 16
28
' ■
41 '
57. 67
,
■
-73
.83.
.95 .
.
100
‘
5
0
I ■
4 .
. 10
.18
.23
35
50 1
64
77
82
9l
V 98
100
■
'j
■A
:
■;.
! ■
■■■■•
,5
■
83
Table 27.
The mean temperature (C) and percent of time from 7 ,
through 17 C at stations on the Madison River for coloni- zation periods of artificial substrates'in 1976.and 1977..
Station
Period
I
2
.
3
5
’ 4 ■.' -
1976
8/6-9/6
10/9-11/6
1977
(62).
^
7.5
(52)
—
. 2.8
( I)
—
“
—
——
. 13.7 '
(98)
■ 13.1
(99)
7.4
(37) ;
. 6.7
. ,(26)
2.9
( D
I .
11/7-12/1
11.5
(iod)
18.0
i
i
9/7-10/8
14.0
(90)
’
2/16-3/16
—
3/17-4/16
5.2
——
(26)
. 2.6
(0)
.
.
-.
■2.6
( 0)
4.3
(17)
.
——
3.4
(0)
.
4/17-5/14
7.8
(58)
10.9
(98)
11.2
(97) '
11.1
(81)
'• 12.3
• ' (94).
5/15-6/16
10.5
12.3
14.4
13.6
(76)
(76)
' 14.9
' (64)
6/17-7/18
7/19-8/17
8/18-9/21
9/21-10/21
(77)
(97)
15.3
16.6
(74)
(63)
(11)
19.2
(31)
1 '19.6
(20)
16.7
(59)
17.9
20.6
( 0).
19.9
(18)
20.9
' ( 4)
13.9
15.4
(82)
. 17.1.
(57)
' 16.5
(92)
' " 16.9
. (56)
9.7
(99)
11.6
(100)
9.6
. (90)
(42)
' 19.4
.
(62)
10.6
(100)
9.9
.■■(86)
Table 28.
Average numbers/sampler and ranges (in parenthesis) of each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station I on the Madison River on each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the
nearest whole number.and dashes indicate zero' counts.
1976._____________
Taxon
9/6
Sampling, date
10/8
11/6
12/1
___________ . _______ 1977______________ •
■ 3/16
4/16
5/14
6/16
8/17
I■
(0-1)
3
(1-6)
6
(1-11)
I
(0-3)
I
(Q-I)
AytnvaL
9/21
Mean
Plecoptera
4
(1-7)
I
(0-4)
3
(1-5)
P t e r o n a r o y s oa.Vifom.ioa ■
C l a a s s e n i a sabiilosa'
Besperoperla pacifioa
I
(0-3)
SkwaZa parallela
Alloperla
spp.
I
(0-2)
"t
_
I
(0-2)
■" “ •
2
(1-5)
<1
-
7
(4-12)
4 ■
(1—5)
4
(2-5)
4
(0-10)
5
(0-7)
I '
(I-I)
■I .
(0-3)
2
(10-3)
7
(4-9.)
I
(0-2)
■ _
Total Plecoptera
<1
<1
_
spp.
Isoperla
3
.(1-5)
~ ■
_
3
(0-10)
2 "
(1-3)
-
—
8
(3-11)
2
I
' (1-3)- . (1-2)
6
<1
(2-11)
<1
2
'(1-3)
9
(3-11).
8
(3-13)
5
(2-8)
2.
(0-6)
I
(0-6)
2
(1-2)
. <1
2
<1
'I
2
_
_
<1-
-
-
<2
.8
(3-12)
- 5. •
(3-8),
S
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerella inermis
' EpheTreivila 'gpcandis E p h e m e r e l l a heoiiba
BaepZs ZntermedZus
■ PsUedoOleon e dmundsi'
Pardteptophiebia ■
"heteronea
HepidgehZa elegantula
■
I
(0-1)
I
(0-2)
. 2
28
(14-48)- (0-2)
~
■
—
2
(0-4)
- -
I
(0-1)
I
(0-1)
■■
Bhiihrogena undulata Epeprus
sp. ’
-'.'Unidentified species
. Total Ephemeroptera
•
- <i
—
" -
- .8
30
(15-48). .(4-11)
2
21 ■
(1-3)
(13-29)
.t
■
4
(1-6)
29 .
(5-46)
23
(14-34)
. <i
-
-
_
'l %
. (0-2)
"- '
7
35
22
(26-44) (15-28)
.
-■
37
(10-56)
16
(12-21)
■ 17.
(13-21)
• 10 ’
(6-12)
- <1
■ 8
' t
'
<1.
21
(3-35) .
' <1
-
_
16
(9-23}
<1
■
5
<1
19
<1 .
<1
"—
’<1
<7. -
i ■
(0-2)..
. i
(0-2) .
<1
<2
••
<1
: 5.
(1-9)
29
(24-32)
.23
(6-31)
26 ' ’
61
(19-38) (58^66)
75
(45-87)
.7
(6-8)
-
49 ■
(44-54)
22
(14-35)
.
-
■ .2
■'
<2 ;.
16
(9-23)
33 .
Table 28.
(Continued)
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
9/6
. . 10/8
19.77
Armuat
11/6
12/1
3/16
4/16
5/14
6/16
I
■ (0-2)
<1
<1
3
(0-6)
I
(0-1)
■-
I
(0-2)
I
(0-1)
"
3
(0-5)
<1
I
(O-I)'
.3 ■
(1-4)
2
(0-3)
<1
8/17
■ 9/21
Mean
Trichoptera
spp.
Hydropsyohe
Cheumatopsyohe
spp.
A r o t o p s y o h e -LnermCs
Gtossosoma
Protoptila
spp.
spp.
B r a o h y c e n t r u s occidentali-s
Amioaentrus aspilus
C e r a o l e a spp.
O e o e t i s dvar.a
■C
Lepiddstoma veleda
. <1
■
Re t i ’OO'gsyohs h o r e a t i s
10
(9-11)
4
. (1-8)
I
(0-D
10
(5-20)
" •
14
(9-19)
9
(3-28)
-
3
'(0-8)
<1
<1
-
-
-
<1 •
■
-
8
(1-12)
<1
-
3
(0-7)
■ <1
6
(4-7)
-
I •
(0-2)
-
2
(1-3)
-
—
-
-
‘—
2'
(1-2)
■
<1
•
\
-
7
' (4-9)
-
Hydroptila
sp. ■
P s y o h o m y i a flavida.
Total Trichoptera
-
, -- 7 "
(2-14)
6 (5-8)
-
' 199
.(98-293)
55 '
(45-72)
14
(11-21)
-
-
-
'<1
<1
.8
(7-10)
Diptera
'
3 (2-4) ■
. <1-
' 3 ,
(1-4)
9
(7-12)
sp.
Chironomidae
Total Diptera,
.. .'<1
2
(1-2)
■3
(0-6)
<1
’
I
(0-3)
.
7
(4-11)
3
(1-6)
I
(0-4)
-
'
.<i
<1
84
■ 87 (51-153) (68^108)
5 ■'
75
(1-15) (40-116)
27
(4-48)
■87 '
.89
:
(51-159) (.74-110)
6 .
• 76
(1-15):■(40-118)
58
(40-87)
40
(21-59)
-
-
2
-
.
- ‘
<2
<1
-
..
3 .
■
<1 • -
'
I
<1 •
.2
- <1 .
(0-3)
<1 - . <1 ’
-
<1
81 ■
.1
■
10
1.6
■ (11-20) (7-17)
- <1. -
I
(0-3)
37 .
25
(14-58-) (4-45)
.
I'
I
-
r
.
-
I
(0-3)
I '
I
(0-2) . (dr-2)
12
' 56
(40-82) (1-33)
2
(0-6).
.
2
.29.
454 .■
163 .
29.6
723
(23-37)(300-650) (251-329)(106-248)
.
Atherix Pariegata
S i m u l i u m sp.
Antoaha
-
—
.
-
■ ZO
439 '
165
147.
(90-914) (116-197)(93-239).
-
'■ ' -
-
14
I .
(0-4) ' (7-17)
-
—'
133
4
(100-160) (1-7)
- •10'.
I
. (8-13)
(0-2)2
<1
(0-6)
t
■ <1
85
145
(51-246).
5
(0-9)
10
(0-18)
■4
(6-11) ..
I
(0-1)
24'
(11.-37)
I
<1
(1-2)
66.
'23
(53-87) (11—35
13
(1-33)
67
- 23
■ (55-89) (11-38) .
<1
I
-
-I
.
47
■■
49
-
.■ 'v
v"
- '"
''. "
:
;
.•
■
1-
y
:
.-r
'
' <■'
v
,
'
.
'V-
--
-
\'
Table 28.
(Continued)
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
' 9/6
10/8
3
(2-5)
(2-3)
1977
11/6
12/1
3/16
4/16
5/14
Annual
6/16
8/17
9/21 .
4
(2-6)
Mean
Coleoptera
Optioservus
sp.
2
-
I
(0- 2)
2
I
(0- 2)
-
(0-4)
3
(2-4)
-
-
-
-
-
<1
4
(1-5)
-
3
(0-7)
I
(0-1)
-
17
(10-26)
4
(1-5).
3
(0-7)
I
(0-1)
17
(10-26)
2
Gastropoda
Lytmaea
Fhyea
Gyraulie
Total Gastropoda
I
(1-4)
I
(0-2)
-
<1
2
<1
<1
-
<1
<1
I
I
I
(0-4)
Average total number.
invertebrates/
sampler
Average number taxa/
sampler
112
136
281
97
(151-406) (56-121) (70-191) (95-173)
16
(15-17)
16
(13-18)
9
(6-12)
»
(8-10)
<1
<1
<1
8
<1
(4-14)
-
8
8
12
(9-14)
14
(12-15)
13
(12-14)
4
(4-14)
37
161
173
521
446 '
217
(28-47)(114-206) (121-225)(15641012)(427-482)(160-288)
(6-10)
<1
v-14 ■ ' 12
(11-14) (10-14)
218
. 12
Table 29.
Average numbers/sampler and ranges (in parenthesis) of each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 2 on the Madison River on each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the
nearest whole number and dashes indicate zero Counts.
1977
1976
Sampling date
Taxon
12/1
10/8
11/6
3
(3-3)
-
I
(0-2)
-
-
I
(0-1)
2
(2-2)
2
-
-
-
I
(0-1)
I
-
8
(7-8)
6
(3-8)
I
(0-2)
-
3/16
Annual
4/16
5/14
6/16
7/17
■8/17
I
(0-1)
3
(2-3)
<1
7
(4-8)
I
(0-2)
<1
3
(0-5)
2 •
(1-3)
-
5
(2-7)
<1
-
I
(0T3)
I
(0-2)
-
-
2
(1-3)
2
(1-2)
-
' I
(0- 2)
-
2
(1-3)
<1
-
4
(2- 8)
-
6
(2-13)
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
<1
-
-
<1
3
(2-5)
I
(0-2)
2
(1-3)
5
(3-9)
■10
(6-17)
8
(7-8)
5
(1-8)
5
(3-7)
4
(2-5)
6
(4-8)
<1
2
(1-3)
<1
6
(4-8)
26
(5-49)
I
(0-4)
-
13
-
S
I
(0-1)
<1
-
17
(11-34)
I
(0-1)
35
(20-58)
2
(2-2)
-
-
23
(14-34)
<1.
71 •
(42-93)
17
(12-22)
I
(0-4)
. -
2
(0-4)'
-
. 22
(6-48)
<1
13
(9-20)
I
(0-2)
8
(4-18)
-
-
-
<1
-
<1
-
2
(1-3)
-
<1
9/21
Mean
Plecoptera
Pteronareys e a l i f o m i e a
Claassenia sabulosa
Hesperoperla paeifioa
Isoperla
Cultus
spp.
tostonus
Skwala parallela
A l l o p e r l a spp.
Total Plecoptera
„ ■-
2
I
<1
<1
<1
S
Ephemeroptera
Psuedoaieon edmundsi
-
4
(2-6)
I
(0-1)
3
(1-3)
<1
Paraleptophlebia heteronea
-
-
-
Heptagenia elegantula
-
-
-
-
-
-
. I
(0-2)
-
-
-
-
-
Ephemerella inermis
Ephemerella grandis
Baetis intermedius
Hhithrogena undulata
Epeorus
sp.
Triaorythodes minutus
Ameletus
sp.
Unidentified species
Total Ephemeroptera
• <1
- .
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
(5-8)
7
(5-11)
28
(12-56)
26
(19-38)
22
(16-35)
-
21
93 ■
(62-119) (10-31)
9
(3-25)
I
(0-3)
I
(0-1)
24
(15-38)
I
(0-1)
<1
2
(2-3)
-
■ 65
29
(26-130) (18-42)
6
(2-10)
-
12
<1
-
<1
-
<1
<1
'-
<1
-
<1
-
<1
6
(2-10)
30
I
Table 29.
(Continued)
1977
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
10/8
11/6
12/1
3/16
4/16
5/14
9
(1-16)
3
(1-5)
37
(6-77)
Annual
6/16
7/17
8/17
9/21
13
(2-20)
I
(0-3)
14
(2-29)
16
(9-20)
I
(0-5)
4
(3-4)
t
-
-
3
2
-
<1
-
<1
69
Mean
Trichoptera
spp.
Hydropsyahe
Chenmatopsyohe
Arotopsyohe
Gtossosoma
9
(9-9)
2
spp.
(1- 2)
4
(3-5)
inermis
spp.
-
-
-
-
-
-
<1
<1
-
-
-
38
(25-51)
I
(0-1)
(5-9)
Oeoetis avara
-
-
Lepidostoma veleda
-
P r o t o p t i l a sp.
Bradhyoentvus ocoidentatis
,
Amiooentrus aspitus
-
8
-
2
(0-4)
Helioopsyahe borealis
H y d r o p t i l a sp.
Psyohomyia flaoida
4
(2-6)
I
(0-3)
-
I
(0- 2)
I
(0-1)
<1
I
(0- 2)
<1
<1
-
-
<1
-
-
3
(2-5)
-
<1
-
-
<1
10
(0-27)
-
-
<1
-
<1
<1
-
-
-
<1
<1
-
-
-
55
(42-68)
10
(7-11)
6
-
-
<1
-
84
139
346
64
(18-271)(157-469) (68-103) (48-79)
I
I
2
(0-3)
(0-3)
(1-2)
I
(0-2)
I
5
23
I
(13-34)
(0-3)
(2-11)
(1-1)
7
(2-15)
-
-
-
5
(2-7)
-
I
(0- 2)
2
(0-5)
19
(1-44)
■
I
(0-5)
-
E h y a c o p h i l a oolarddensis
Total Trichoptera
-
-
2
(0-5)
10
<i
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
(31-73)
(7-8)
-
-
6
24
68
160
378
168
76
(17-36) (31-103) (22-294) (160-493)(142-216) (62-90)
(4-9)
3
(1-4)
-
-
-
I
(0-3)
<1
I
<1
5
I
<1
6
<1
95
Diptera
Atherix variegata
Simuitwn
sp.
Antoaha
Chironomidae
Total Diptera
-
-
2
I
3
(0-5)
(1- 2)
(0-3)
I
<1
(0-2)
104
26
123
(13-38)(75-180) (77-139)
28
124
108
(14-41)(75-180) (80-147)
I
(0-2)
<1
-
-
I
(1-1)
-
-
2
-
<1
5
(1-15)
42
44
191
99
(17-78) (76-114) (18-85) (93-354)
(1-4)
5
I
(1-11)
(1-1)
57
104
(26-108) (88-119)
6
42
44
101
194
(17-78) (78-116) (18-85) (93-358)
64
105
(29-120) (89-121)
-
(1-15)
-
<1
-
-
<1
I
I
80
82
Table 29.
(Continued)
1977
1976
Sampling date
Taxon
Optioservus
sp.
Ificrocyloeppus
10/8
4 (3-4)
11/6
<1
12/1
-
3/16
-
■ 4/16
'
Total Coleoptera
' 4 .
(3-4)
<1
6/16
2
2
-
(1-3)
(0-3)
<i
<1
sp.
'
5/14
Annual
7/17
8/17
9/21
I
(0- 2)
5 .
(4-8)
3
(0-7)
<1
~
2
Mean
2
<1
. (0-4)
2
2
(1-3)
(0-4)
<1
I
(0-2)
' 7
(5-12)
■ 3
(0-7)
2
Gastropoda
Physa
I
(0-3)
144
101
145
(75-125)(105-195)(102-213)
14
(12-16)
9
(7-11)
<1
<1
<1
I
(0-1)
'
I '
(0-3)
Total Gastropoda
Average number taxa/
sampler
<1
' <1
sp.
Average total number
invertebrates/
sampler
<1
-
sp.
sp.
Feirpissia
Lymridea
7
(6-9)
5
(3-6)
7
(1-9)
I
(0- 2)
25
(10-37)
5
(3-6) .
7
(1-9)
26
(12-39)
<1
<1
5
(4-7)
4
5
(4-7)
S
26
309
654
129
279
298
200
'228
(21-34) (70-142) (218-353)(220-397)(332-994)(238-323)(191-208)
8
(7-9)
12 '
(11-13)
17
(14-19)
11
(10-11)
15
(14-15)
18
(18-19)
13
(12-13)
12
Table 30.
Average numbers/sampler and ranges (in parenthesis) of each macroinvertebrates taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 3 on the Madison.River on each sampling date. Averages are founded to the .
nearest whole'number and dashes indicate zero counts.
1976
Taxon
9/16
Sampling date -
1977
12/1;
■
3/16
.Annual ~
4/16 '
5/14
6/16
7/17
<1
-
<1
-
-
8/17 '
9/21
'
Mean-
Plecoptera
Pteronarcys
califomica
Besperoperla pacifica
■I s o p e r l a
■C u l t u s
-4
(0-6)
I
•(0-2)
-
-
*-
-
-
I
■ (0-1).
<1
I '
(0-1)
‘ r
-
2 .
(1-2)
' <1 .
. 'I
(0-2)
-
-
spp.
-
<1 ' .
tostonus
Pteronaroella badia
•'
Total Plecoptera
5' ■ ’
(Q-8)
,—
Ephemeroptera ,
E p h e m e r e l l a Inerrrils
<1.
Ephemerella grandis
Baetis
intermedins
Psuedocleon e d m m d s i
'
■
Paraleptophlebia heteronea
Heptagenia elegantula
Tricorythodes minutus
Total Ephemeroptera
‘• ..
■
.1
(0-2)
‘ 22
(9-34) .
<1.
-
6
(3-16)
- „
9
(1-16)
<1 ■
■ 29
(22-34)
.'- ;
<1
53 .
(39-65)
' 12.
.(5-25)
-
I
■ (0-1)
' 2
(1-2)
2
•' (1-4)
•-
.
I ,
(0-1)
'
-
•-
"
-
-■
'.
■■
21
8
I'
23 ■ . 128
(17-27)
(0-3)
(0-16)
(13-35) (95-147)
- 2
I ■
. .7
•
.I
(0-2)
(0-4)
(0-3)
(3-11)
148
. 121.
134
215
' 155
(72-194) (162-279)(99-213) .(64-193) (136-196)
4I ■
t
I
■5 (0-2).
(0-1)
-3
<1
. 10 ■
7
(4-16)
(0-7) . (3-19)
- ’
25
(5-36)
.
■
I
-
<1
. -
<1
.-
<1-
-
I
.
I
■■
'' '
. -
'
.. 2'
(0-9) ■
-
21 -
I
.
■ 22
(2-48)
5
-.76
■1 0 0 '
(34-105)
- '• : ■' 2
■ 19
•(0-32)
' 9.
(0-25)
.<iI'
8
(0-5).
5
'' 4
(0-19)
162
■ 281
240
187
• 51
■
143 (74-212) (200-307) (201-364) (108-216) (141-245),. (35-67)
. 84(34-93)
135-
■
.
Table 30. ,(Continued)
1976 .
9/16
Sampling date
Taxon
1977
. . 12/1
4/16
3/16
5/14
Annual
.6/16
7/17
8/17
9/21
Mean
TrichopCera
2
(0-4)
5
(4-8)
15
(8-30)
-
<1
-
Amioeentrus asptlus
<1
<1
_
C e r a c L e a spp.
Oecetis avara
<1
-
-
-
-
-
■ Hydropsyche
1093 '•
(700-1450)
spp.
Cheumatdpsyahe
spp.
Brachycentttis o a c i d e n t a l i s
18
(7-30)
2
(0-8)
- '
•
'
-
• 132
120
2698
2380
1885
(82-154) (52-293) (1061- ■ (2230- (981-3016)
3640)
'.3470)
3
16
907 '
75
244
(1-7)
(5-38)(541-1196) (66-124)(187-336)
<1
3
-
* -
-
.-
— •
- ■
<1
3
(0-11)
-
.
Lepidostoma veleda
H y d r o p t i l a sp.
.* .
Leueotriehiapietipes
.
-
Zumatriahia natpsa
Psychomyia flavida
-
<1
I
(0-5)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<1 ■.
,
■
''
..
7
- -(3-14)
3
(0-14)
. <1
- “
-- T- '
-
-
Cl'..
-
-
3
' 1109
(710-1485) , (1-5)
Total Trichdptera
■
I
CO-2).
'-
•2 (0-9)
21 .
- 123
■ 150
3305
5
. (4-8) ' (8-40) (89-155) (52-293) (19364847)
3
(0-7)
I
(0-5)
59
(0-112)
4
(0-16)
6
(0-24).
8
(0-20)
2866
(25163648)
926
U O
<1
I
-
<1
3 ’
(0-8)
<1
8
<2
-
I
-
II
2129
(12173350)
1079
Diptera
.t
Atherix variegata
■ H e w i t o m x sp.
' •S i m u l i u m
■
sp.
Ch-i-rdnomidae
'
Total Diptera
T
553 .
39 .
-- (156-1180) (9-83)
. 40
17
(4-32). (32-47)
.
-
* T
*
-
' .571
79 '
(181-1185) (51-120)
-
-
-
.
‘-
‘
-24
- 7 • (11-35) . (2-10)
4' : - * - 4 (1-7)(3-6)
'28,
.(14-41)
11 '
(9-14)
-
’
.
6
(0-16)
-
2
(0-8)
' i . ■
(0-5)10
82
(0-23) (37-149)
221
' 153.
(165-310)(49-219)
I
(0-2)
6
(2-14)
. 9■171
(4-19)(71-252)
13
132
(1-21) (67-215)
7
(3-15)
22-.
278
237
-238
•
(10^36)(218-344)(170-319) (86-294)'
I
<1
97
'66
ISZ
Table 30.
(Continued)
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
9/16
1977
12/1
3/16 ,
-
-
-
- -
4/16
5/14
Annual
6/16
7/17
8/17
9/21
Mean
Cbleoptera
Miovoayloeppus
“
" -"
2
(0-7)
<i
I
<1
Amphipoda
Hyaleila
-
-
-
-
.
-
: .
(0-5)
-
Isopoda .
Asellus -
I
-
-
.
-
3
(0-6)
•-
(0-1)
Average total number
invertebrates/
sampler
Average number- taxa/ .
sampler
•' .
1738
(932-2551)
11
(10-13)
8
■ 95
176
273
413
.334
3771
3174
(58-149) (97-258) (219-360)(363-470)(221-487)(2431-5252)(27263941)
6
(5-6)
6
(5-6)
■8
(6-8)
10
(9-10)
IO-
(9-11)
10 ’
(8-13)
J.
(o-ii)
. io .
(8-11)
2461 ..
(13373733) “
9
(7-9)
1386
s:
I
Table 31.
Average numbers sampler- and ranges (in parenthesis) of each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 4 on the Madison River on each sampling date. Averages are rounded to the
nearest whole number and dashes indicate zero counts.
Taxon
Sampling date
1976_________
_________________________1977___________________
9/16
10/8
3/16
3
(2-4)
I
(0-2)
I
(0-4)
3
(2-4)
-
20
(6-41)
<1
-
3
(2-4)
I
(1-1)
I
(0-1)
-
6
(4-7)
5
(4-5)
3
(2-4)
21
. (6-43)
I
(0-2)
4
(3-5)
24
(2-68)
-
11/6
Annual
4/16
5/14
6/16
7/17
8/17
9/21
I
(0-3)
<1 ■
4
(2-5)
I
(0-2)
2
(0-4)
<1
-
4
(0-7)
-
2
(0-4)
I
(0-1)
-
I
(0-1
-
39
(10-70)
<1
4
(1-5)
4
(3-7)
■ 7
(4-13)
<1
<1
-
-
<1
40
(12-71)
15
(11-18)
7
(4-8)
4
(0-7)
3
(1-5)
58
(47-89)
-
38
(18-58)
~ .
Mean
Plecoptera
Pteronaroys c a l i f o m i c a
Hesperoperla paoifica
Isoperla
Cultus
spp.
tostonus
S k w a l d parallela
Pteronaroella
Total Plecoptera
-
-
<1
-
<1.
-
I
I
7
<1
*2
<i
I
(0-2)
10
37
2
<1
I
(6-61)
(0-4)
(0-1)
5
(1-11)
62
100
78
152
140
137
29
(71-227) (58-160) (30-112) (43-115)(126-200)(113-212) (19-43)
'I
<1
3
<1
(0-1)
(1-3)
<1
2
I
“
<1
I
<1
(0-3)
(0-2)
(0-1)
2
4 .
(1-5)
(1-10)
I
5
(0-1)
(3-6)
3
4
19
9
<1
109
(0-8). (25-233)
(5-30)
(6-16)
'(0-5)
3
“
(1-6)
18
Ephemeroptera,
E p h e m e r e l l a inermls
Ephemerella grandis
Baetis
intermedius
Psuedooleon e d m m d s i
-
-
112
11
(28-156) (4-18)
<1
<1
62
(13-95)
<1
-
Rhithrogena undulata
-
. I
(0-1)
<1
sp.
-
-
-
I
(0-2)
-
I
(0-1)
-
-
Pardleptophlebia heteronea
Heptagenia elegantula
Epiorus
Trioorythodes minutus
Choropterpes albiannulata
Total Ephemeroptera
<1
-
88
115
17'
(31-186)(11-22) (81-95)
19
(2-38)
-
107
162
129
261
161
39
161
(74-263)(108-213) (78-213)(100-167)(160-444)(128-212) (27-52)
I
■88 '
I
<1
I
I
I
15
<1
124
Table 31.
(Continued)
1977
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
9/16
10/8
11/6
3/16
4/16
5/14
6/16
Annual
7/17
8/17
9/21
Mean
38
(13-53)
8
(2-12)
21
(13-29)
-
60
Trichoptera
spp.
Hydropsyohe
Cheiaratopsydhe
Arotopsyohe
spp.
inermis
Braahyoentrus oocidentalis
Amiooentrus aspilus
spp.
Ceractea
Oeoetis avara
Heliaopsyche borealis
Hydivptila
sp.
Leuootridhia piotipes
ZumatiyC a k i a n o t e s a
Psydhonyia flaoida .
Total Trichoptera
42
193
(188-200) (41-43)
39
10
(7-13)
(5-69)
17
77
(48-104) (14-21)
-
2
(1-2)
2
(1-3)
<1
5
(3-8)
3
(1-6)
2
(1-3)
-
-
-
-
14
(10-18)
-
I
(0-2)
10
(1-31)
-
2
(0-4)
-
<1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
(1-36)
• 12
(5-20)
I
(0-1) '
3
(1-7)
-
-
-
84
313
(287-340)(82-86>
<1
Diptera
sp.
sp.
Hexatoma
SimiLiim
Antooha
sp.
Chironomidae
Total Diptera
-
63
(24-115)
15
(6-22)
8
(4-12)
-
36
(16-53)
-
112
43
(34-52) (41-149)
51
- 147
78
(41-137) (46-46) (79-202)
77
39
10
178
20
(16-25) (7-187) (19-65) (7-12) (58-313)
17
8
13
19
109
(6-10) (2-34) (10-20) (8-25) (54-153)
"
<1
<1
<1
3420
234
49
(2800-4400)(102-383) (35-72)
4
<1
<1
. <1
(0-9) .
<1
-
I
(0-5)
<1
I
(0-1)
-
I
(0-2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
(2-11)
-
-
32
99
3473
(24-42)(14-208) (28004400)
-
I
(0-2)
I
(0-2)
2
(0-3)
<1
4
(0-12)
2
(0-3)
6
(1-15)
.262
352
(120-412) (167419)
21
(8-51)
-
2
(0-4)
<1
I
<1
<1
I
<1
7
(0-15)
I
(0-2)
<1
<1
4
6
(2-12)
i
81
(55-93)
472
6
(0-11)
<1
230
63
450
66
373
109
(127-414)(23-111)(211-905)(28-112)(195-579)(70-170)
<1
382
-
<1
10
■34
18
(6-26)
(1-21)
(3-28)
I
(0-1)
42
. 52
.448
60
362
80
56 ■
. (35-71) (15-60) (208-901) (28-109)(193-544)(36-114) (13-107)
~
178
(92-343)
-
23
74
(41-121)
IO
i
<i
<1
3B
<1
127
164
Lepidoptera
Parargyraatis oonfusalis
I
(0-1)
I
(0-1)
<1
-
<1
-
<1
6
(0-12)
61
(2-103)
31
(3-47)
10
4>
Table 31.
(Continued)
1977
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
9/16
10/8
I
(0-3)
’ -
3
(2-4)
•~
4/16
5/14
-
2
(1-4)
t
I
(0-4)
-
-
-
-
-
2
(1-4)
I
(0-4)
-
-
-
-
11/6
3/16
Annual
6/16
7/17
8/17
9/21
2
(0-4)
6
(0-8)
I
(0-2)
3
(2-6)
I
(1-1)
I
■ 2
(0-4)
7
■(0-10)
4
(3-7).
<1
<1
Mean
Coleoptera
Optioservus
sp.
Mieroeyloeppus
Lara
sp.
-
-
sp.
Total Coleoptera
I
(0-3)
3
(2-4)
<1
2
<i
<i
2
Hemiptera
sp.
Sigara
•
-
<i
Amphipoda
EyaleVla azteea
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
(0-3)
<2
-
-
I
(0-3)
<2
<1
I
(0-4)
-
2 .
(0-3)
3
(0-6)
<1
<1
Isopoda
Asellus
sp.
Gastropoda■
Ferrissia
Physa
sp.
sp.
Gra u l i s
sp.
Gastropoda
-
• -
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- .
-
-
■.
<1
I
(0-4)
5
(0-6)
<1
<1
I
Pelycypoda
Sghaerium
sp.
Average total number
invertebrates/
sampler
Average total taxa/
sampler
<1
171
. 189
514
(368-598) (168-173) (167-297)'
15
14
(12-14) (13-16)
<1
T
8
(6-10)
671
3674
697
423
299
917
243
(258-675)(203-408)(321- (3120- (505-1441)(407-923)(189-263)
4566)
1286)
10
(9-12)
13 ’
16
(11-17) (12-17)
. 14
(13-15)
- 14
(12-15)
16
17
(14-18) (16-18)
840
14
Table 32.
Average n u m b ers/sampler
and ranges (in parenthesis) of each macroinvertebrate taxon collected from artificial
substrate samplers at Station 5 on the M adison River on each sampling date.
Averages are rounded to the
nearest w h o l e number and dashes indicate zero counts.
Taxon
Sampling date
10/8
11/6
Annual
1977
1976
12/1
3/16 ’
5/14
6/16
Mean
7/17
9/21
3
(1-5)
2
2
.
(1-2)
5
(1-4)
~
(2-8)
-
2
-
<1
10,
-
I
Plecoptera
Pteronarays
Claassenia
oalifomiaa
sabulosa
Hesperoperla paoifioa
Isoperla
spp.
Pteronaroella
2
2
(1-3)
badia
Total Plecoptera
<1
-
- .
-
20
(13-29)
I
(1-1)
-
(0-4)
2
-
(1-3)
<1
13
(7-22)
26
(16-35)
2
13
(0-8)
2
3
(3-4)
(0-5)
5
4
(3-4)
~
<1
(5-19)
I
spp.
<1 ■
(1-3)
10
■
Skwala parallela
Alloperla
-
10
(3-24)
■
(5-7)
25
I
S
I
I
-
(15-44)
-
(0-1).
(0-1)
-
-
-
-
-
<1
17
32
7
7
IS
(3-11)
(4-9)
-
' (0-6)
-
<1
<1
15
3
(9-25)
(1-5)
. (9-31)
(22-49)
■■
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerella
Baetis
inemris
intermedins
'9
(7-13)
I
• (0-3)
Psuedoaleon
edmundsi
Paraleptophlebia
heteronea
Heptagenia elegantula
Shithrogena
undulata
I r i e o r y t h o d e s .m i n u t u s
Ephemera
simulans
Choropterpes
Unidentified
O'
albiannulata
species
-
4
(0-7)
-
30
(16-43)
2
(1-3)
8
(2-13)
<1
3
4
(1-5)
I
(0-2)
-
(1-8)
' I
(0-2)
’ -
-
18
(8-37)
13
(7-17)
<1
5
(0-11)
2
14
.
45
(12-113)
<1
-
120
( 1 09-127)
41
(22-57)
<1
3
(0-4)
I
-
(0-1)
<1
-
4
-
(1-6)
-
-
-
-
■ (0-9)
■ <1
-
27
(16-46)
29
(17-42)
<1
■■ 20
(0-65)
I '
<1
(0-1)
I
2
(0-1)
6
(0-3)
I
(0-2)
48
(22-74)
I
(0-4)
15
.
'25
.
<1
3
■ 4
(2-11) . (14-16)
-
-
32
237
(18-55)(165-278)
<1
7
-
'2?
(2-13)
2
-
I
16
se
(5-27)
<i
'
i
<i
(0-5)
" Total Ephemeroptera
.18
- (10-28)
45
(25-66)
• 39.
(23-70)
58
169
(18-132)(140-194)
90
(84-93)
273
( 1 79-348)
82
(71-93)
97
;
Table 32.
(Continued)
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
• 10/8
11/6
1977
12/1
3/16
5/14
6/16
Annual
7/17
9/21
Mean
Trichoptera
spp.
Hydropsyahe
Cheiamtopsyche
Glossosoma
spp.
spp.
P r o t o p t i l a spp.
Braohycentrus oacidentalis
Oecetis avara
82
(72-100)
50
(48-51)
6
(4-9)
-
Lepidostoma veleda
Hydroptila
12
(9-17)
-
sp.
Leucotridhia piotipes
-
Zumatriohia notosa
Psyahomyia flaoida
total Trichoptera
34
(25-46)
26
(15-37)
3
(0-6)
9
' (7-11)
4
(2-5)
I
(0-1)
-
19
(9-36)
-
-
13
81
149
(133-166) (51-125) (13-14)
272
108
6
99
166
(4-9) (135-499) (87-125) (54-186)(141-191)
92
4
11 ■
19
83
(2-4)
(3-17) (17-21) (37-164) (70-96)
<1
<1
I
I
16
9
• 5
(5-14)
(0-3)
(0-1)
(14-20)
(0-10)
<1
I
I
(0-3)
(0-3)
I
(0-3)
2
5
7
4
9
(0-5)
(0-15)
(0-19)
(0-13)
(1-5)
I
(0-3)
<1
I
<1
*
-
97
287
14
152
209
262
(10-21)(124-523)(134-166)(116-393)(221-303)
146
36
<1
<1
S
<1
<1
7
<1
<1
<1
Diptera
Tipula
-
sp.
-
Hesxitoma
sp.
-
Simulium
sp.
3
(1-4)
- .
9
(1-18)
4
(3-6)
12
(5-19)
5
(4-6)
sp.
Chironomidae
Antoeha
.Total Diptera
'
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
(0-12)
- •
<1
I
5
I
(0-16)
(0-3)
(0-5)
•
■147
113
44
(83-217) (9-241) (29-55)
I
(0-3)
<1
62
(42-93)
I
(0-1)
2
(1-2)
10
(0-21)
36
(8-72)
4
(0-3)
152
114
45
(99-217) (19-244) (29-57)
63
(42-98)
49
(30-67)
<i
56
<i
3.
<1
52
Table 32.
(Continued)
1977
1976
Taxon
Sampling date
10/8
11/6
12/1
3/16
5/14
6/16
Annual
7/17
9/21
3
2
(0-4). . (0-3)
<1
I
(0-3)
I
(6-2)
I
(0-5)
3
(2-3)
3
(3-3)
3
(0-4)
2
(0-5)
6
Mean
Coleoptera
Optiosirvus
<1
Miaroayloeppus
Total Coleoptera
<1
-
-
-
-
-
'-
-
-
-
3
(2-3)
I
. I
2
Amphipoda
Eyalella
azteaa
<1
-
<1
-
I
<1
I
(0-3)
-
<1
-
Isopoda
■A s e l l u s
sp.
-
-
<1
-
-
-
-
-
Gastropoda
Ferrissia
sp.
Average total number
invertebrates/
sampler •
Average number taxa/
sampler
-
157
200
(167-219)(96-210).
14
' (13-16)
14.
(13-16)
74
(46-111)
11
(11-12)
'
228
633
(193-262)(438-955)
10
(9-12)
14
(12-15)
-
322
(292346)
555
(360- •
845)
410 _
(360-486)
323
15
(13-16)
15
(13-16)
16
(14-18)
16
99
Table 33.
Frequency of occurrence of taxa on artificial substrate
samplers at each station from September, 1976 through
September, 1977 on the Madison River.
' Station
I
Taxon
No. Samplers
Plecoptera
Pteronarcidae
Ptevonavcys califovnioa
Newport
Pteivonavcella badia
Perlidae
,
Claassenia'-sabulosd Banks
Eespevopevla-paeifiea Banks
Perlodidae
Cultus tostonus Ricker
Skwala pavallela Prison
Isopevla spp.
Chloroperlidae
Allopevla spp.
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerellidae
Ephemevella inevmis Eaton
Ephemevella gvandis Eaton
Baetidae
Baetis (intevmedius) Dodds
Psuedocleon edmundsi Jensen
Heptageniidae
Eeptagenia elegantula Eaton
Epeovus sp.
Rhithvogena Banks
Leptophlebiidae
Pavaleptophlebia hetevonea
■ McDunnough
Chovoptevpes ■albianulata
McDunnough
Siphlonuridae
Ameletus sp.
Ephemeridae
Ephemeva Walker
(36)
2
3
(33). . (35)
''■
4
5
(33)
(26)
'
.67
O
.61
.0
.19 .
.39
' .12
.47
.15 .
.03
.63
.06
.50
.08
0
0
,09
.48
.65
.04
O
.03
.56
.12
0
0
.39
.23
.03
.03.
0
.78
.67
.85
.58
.69
. .29
.79
.12
1.00
■0
.94
O
.88
1.00
.0
1.00
.88
.03
.08
■ .14
.03
.06
.06
.51
.0
0
.36
.18
.30
.50
.11
.11
.06
.09
0
.03 . . •46
O
0
0
.12
;15
O
.18
0
0
0
O
0
0
. 6
.03
.03
.06
0
.06
. .31
.64 . .88
• 0
.12
0
.31
i04
100
Table 33.
(Continued)
______________
Station____ ..
2
3
4
'5
Ephemeroptera (continued)
Tricorythidae
Triaorythodes minutus Traver
Unidentified family
Unidentified sp.
O
O
.26
.64
.73
08
.03
O
O
.08
.83
.44
.19
.67
.46
.24
.50
.03
.21
.97
.08
1.00
.21
.06
.14
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche spp.
Cheumatopsyahe spp.
Aratopsyahe inermis Banks
Glossosomatidae
Glossosoma spp.
Protoptila spp.
Brachycentridae
1.00
1.00
1.00
.74
■ 1.00
0
.97
■ .03
0
0
0
.04
.03
0
.09
.14
.79
.18
.PO
.03
.03
.03
.09
.33
.15
.56
.30
<$-
1
i—I
Taxon
.27
.12
.03
O
O
O
.06
0
0
.39
.09
.06
.49
.18
.15
.58
.08
.08
.03
0
0
0
.50
.58
.03
0
.04
.19
.12
0
.09
o
.11
.18
. .11
0
0
O
0.
. 0
P
O
0
Braahyaentrus oocidentalis
Banks
Amiooentrus aspilus Ross
Leptoceridae
Ceraalea spp.
Oeoetis- avara Banks
0
0
0
Psychomiidae
Psyohonryia flavida
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila sp.
■
Leuootriahia piotipes Banks
Zumatriahia notosa
Rhyaoophila ooloradensis
Lepidostomatidae
Lepidostoma veleda Denning
Helicopsychidae
Helioopsyohe borealis Hagen .
Diptera
Rhagionidae
Atherix variegata Miegen
Tipulidae
Tipula s p .
■ .04
101
Table 33,'
(Continued)
-'
■ Station
Taxon
Diptera - Tipulidae (Continued
Eexatoma sp.
Antoeha sp.
Simulidae
S-Lrmlium sp..
■Chironomidae
I
2
3.
.O
.28
O
.30
.03
O .
-.28
.97
. .42
. .97
.91
.97
' 4
'
5
.08
. .04
.03 '
.12
.94 ■
.89
1/00
•
' .
Lepidoptera ■
Pyralidae
Parargyraatis eonifUsalis Walker O -
O
.52
.35
.
.52
.27
.03
.38
.23
■
Coleoptera
Elmidae
.58
Optioservus sp. .
Miaroayioeppus sp.
Lara sp.
Hemiptera
Corixidae
Sigara sp. '
.0
.55
.09
O
■ .03
O
0
O
;o
. o
O
O
.06
0
O
O
.03
.09
.04
O
O
. .,17
. .03
, .08
.03 ■ : . V
:
.21
.04
,
Amphipoda
Taltridae
Eyalella azteaa Saussure
Isopoda
Asellidae
Asellus sp.
Gastropoda ''
Ferrissia sp.
Lymnaeidae
Lyrmaea-'sp .
Physidae
Physa sp.
Planorbidae
Gyraulis sp.
Pelycypoda Sphaeriidae
Pisidium sp.
"O'"
.1 1 .
, .61 .
.03
O
O ■ .. O
..1 2 ;
.48
. o
O
,
.
O
' .09
0
.03
^ V 0 -;
,03 .
f
0
,
.
.
O'''
■ Q
102
Table 34.
2
Mean oven dried weights (mg) of major taxa per 0.20m
artificial substrate sampler taken at stations on the
Madison River in December, 1976 and March , May, July
and September, 1977.
Station
Taxa
I
.2
"
4 .
3
5
December
Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Diptera
Gastropoda
Other
Total
65
8
14
14
<1
6.
. 0
5
3
3
15
14
13
8
12
' 11
27
I
0
_0
0
. _0
_L
53
41
4
9
17
.0
_JL
113
.33
19
2
10
I
13
I
90
4
I
3
20
11
20
I
18
71
• 12
23
8
0
March
.
52
105
76 •
41
Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Diptera
Gastropoda
Other
_0
0
_0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
20
35
120
248
152
248
208
399
520
891
89
184
I
22
0
Maz
Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Diptera
Gastropoda
Other
160
62
16
Total
162
120
I
14
130
.6
0
12
310
680
1140
8
63
33
1219
1011
. 161
475
9 .
.
0
0
1656
103
Table 34.
(Continued)
'
:•
Station
2
I
Taxa
.
3.
4
5
July
Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Diptera
Gastropoda
Other
Total
- '
-
-
376
0
20
34
834
113
140
27
38
42
643
152
38
20.5
29
545 ,I.
67
144 .
0
2
0
3
6
0
2
983
425.
764
3
16
78
15
, 237
18
141
18
September
Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Diptera
Gastropoda
Other
Total
80
212
0
11
176
3
44
3
191
23
81
30
1335
92
0
• 21 ■
6
0
5
21
0
12
' 320
510
1462
154
426
Table 35
■.
V
.
.■
. ,2
Numbers- o f ■invertebrates per taxon'In 0.25m „
.
bottom samples at Station I on 'thfe,Madison River in
1977.
.
Ave.
Taxon
Date . . Feb. 6
Sample No.
Plecoptera
■
Pteronaroys ealifomica
Clqassenta sabulosa
Ees-perq-perlapaoifioa
Cultus tostonus
Skwala parallela
Isoperlq spp.
.Alloperla spp.
Total Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerella inermis
Ephemerella grandis
Baeti-s intermedius
Psuedooleon edmundsi
Heptagenia elegantula
Rhithrogena unduldta
Paraleptophlebia heteronea
Total Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Hydropsyohe spp.
Cheumatopsyohe spp.
Arotopsyohe inermis
Glossosoma .
■ Protoptila
•
'
Braohyoehtrus oooidentali's
Amiocentrus aspilus ■
Ceraolea spp.
Oecetis avara
Psyohomyia flavida ■
"
Hydroptila sp, .
Lepidostoma veleda ■
Helioopsyohe borealis
Total Trichoptera
I . 2
I
2
28 39
- :3 - I
5
’- 3
I . 2
O . I
21 .14.
33
28
2
I
16
6
0
21
2
0
o.
26
.0
-
I
0.
0
58
63
5.7. 79
168 118
.. 42 1 6
93
89
: i
I
57
48
I . 0
I
0
0
I
75
65
6.
31
-3
■ ■2
I
H O
70
4
. ,0
.52 108
2
'2
140
. o
3
2
I
I
0
0
■Q
4
0
I
4-
.0
44 53
8
3
.260 324
0,
0
I
v:
'
2.
4 ■
0
I
61
I
. I
0
■ 35
3
2
0 ..
■
48
21
0
64
300
192
240
0
- 4
38.
154.
320
0
0
0
81
10
222
0
0
0
■0 '
I.
0
4
39.
10
0
.0
10
68
142 151
■ 7
92 '
21
9
650
491 357
79
10 :
35
<1
■2
. 16
o
0 .
■1 \
44
• 151
.200
■ 5
0
6
0
. Ho.
'29
- 22
2 4
■■ ■ Z :
■
49
. ^
,. 0
-■ 2
■
;0
0
o ■ 1 <1 '
. 0
0 ' '10
0
<2"
■ 0.
32
54
30
286 181
92
.11
0
0
2
I
. -.0 . o
2
4
64
54.
Aug . 22
13
38
154 179
‘
May 14
32
860
130 ■
114
■ '3. .
135
2 •
5 '3 ■
'<1'
<1 ‘
4 .
'14 ■
<1
68 .
34
497.
103
Table 35.
(Continued)
Taxon
Date
Sample No.
Diptera
Athevix vaviegata
Antocha sp.
Sirmtivm sp.
Cavdioeladius sp.
Cvieotopus sp.
Othoeladius sp.
Pavametvioenemus sp.
Theinemanniella sp.
Mievotendipes sp.
Polypedilum, sp.
Rheotanytavsus sp.
Diamesa sp. A
Diamesa sp. B
Sympotthastia sp.
Total Diptera
Coleoptera
Optiosevvus sp.
Mievoeyloeppus sp.
Total Coleopteta
Gastropoda
Fevvissia sp.
Lymnaea s p .
Physa sp.
Total Gastropoda
Pelycypoda
Pisidium s p ;
Total number invertebrates
Feb . 6
I
2
26
5
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
23
I
2
O
49
O
O
O
O
O
7
O
O
24
O
O
57
14
23
11
6
2 . I
May 14
I
Aug. 22
2
I
2
36
5
O
O
O
O
O . 7
6
O
O
O
O
O
16 . O
O
O
I
O
4
O
0' O
O
O
48
81
18
O
O
9
O
18
43
11
8
2
4
I
6
0.
0
10 ,203
0 . 17
3
0
0
0
8
0
21
3
57
278
26
7
33.
I
O
I
39
. 12
■ 51
49
19
0
16
24
I
3
O
.O
O
4
0
0
8
12
O
I
3
4
6
6
20
24
I
O
O
O
555 653
2
0
2
963 715
68
Ave.
No.
27
4'
I .
2
I
3
<1
I'
39
3
I
7
2
4
95
25
7
32
3
3
7
51
. 58
' <1
.3
■15
18
I
2
I
873 1416
863
106
Table 36.
2
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon .,in 0.25m
bottom samples at Station 2 on the Madison River in
1977.
Taxon
Date
Sample No.
Plecoptera
Pteronaroys caltfornioa
Ctaassenia sdbulosa
Eesperoiperla paoifioa
Isoperla spp.
Cultus tostonus
Alloperla spp.
Total Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerella inermis
Ephemerella grandis
Baetis intermedius
Psuedooleon edmundsi
Paraleptophlehia heteronea
Eeptagenia elegantula
Rhithrogena undulata
Trioorythodes minutus
Unidentified species
Total Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Eydropsyohe spp.
Cheumatopsyohe spp.
Arotopsyohe inernris
Glossosoma spp.
Protopiila spp.
Braohyoentrus oooidentalis
Oeoetis avara
Lepidostoma veleda
Eelicopsyohe horealis
Psyohomyia flavida
Total Trichoptera
Fet>. 6
May 14
Aug.. 22
I
2
I
2
I
■. 2
3
I
O
16
5
O
25
10
I
.7
I
7
40
I
57
3
4
16
3
.0
8
2
0
0
0
0
10
3
5
24
3
I
47
123 142
6
6
O
2
12
0
17
2
0
0
0
0
50
19
104 136
8 67
8 16
I
17
42
0
0
0
I
3
3
0
0
0
55
31
.0
46
0
O
O
0
151 215
0
0
0
153 268
0
19
0
0
0
0
2
3
25
45
64 59 ' 60 94
58
7 21
15 32
2
I
4
0
0
160
17 19
51 20
I
0
I
0
3
16
I
7
23 90
6
16
0
0
0
18
O 28
25 23
I
0
o ■ 18
O
2
14
4
■ .2 ■ 2
337
138 219
155 178
Ave.
No.
7
4
I
11
15
I
55
85
14
12
18
I
<1
I
0
0 ■ <1
24
0
<1
2,
0
I
135
20
I
0
8
7
0
70
0
88
20
69
103
13
378
55
23
• I ■
56
I
38
7
27
20
6
235
107
Table 36.
(Continued)
Taxon
Date
Sample No.
Diptera
Atherix variegata
Tiyula sp.
Hexatoma sp.
Simulium sp.
Diaranota sp.
■ Antooha sp.
Cardioaladius sp.
Criootapus sp.
Eukiefferiella sp.
Othooladius sp.
Theinemanniella sp
Miorotendipes sp.
Fhaenopseotra s p .
Polypedilum sp.
Rheotanytarsus sp.
Diamesa sp. A
Sympotthastia sp.
Total Diptera
Coleoptera
Optioservus s p .
■ Miorooyloeppus sp.
Total Coleoptera
Feb . 6
Aug. 22
I
2
I
2
I
2
10
16
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
15
O
25
2
O
O
I
O
O
O
O
I
O
O
O
O
I
O
I
O
O
O
3
O
O
O
O
O
30
O
35
26
O
O
. I
O
I
24
O
O
O
O
. O
3
O
O
3
ii
i
12
O
O
I
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
10
O
30
6
O
O
O
O
O
9
O
18
2
O
I
I
3
23
4
O
O
O
I
63
8
21
I
9
3
O
O
72
13
<1
<1
<1
<1
I<1
<1
I
2
2
7
I
2
I
11
<1
41
I
4
4
I
8
39
19
51
4
O
I
5
O
O
O
2
11
2
O
20
2
10
O
O
6
2
12
114
245
.I
370
O
I
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
388 554
527
O
O
3
O
3
9
O
15
Pelycypoda
Pisidium•s p .
Sphaerium sp.
Total Pelycypoda
O
O
O
O
O
O
2
357 543
49
18
67
Ave.
No.
17
I
18
Gastropoda
Ferrissia sp.
Lyrmaea sp.
Physa sp.
Gyraulis sp.
Total Gastropoda
Total number invertebrates
May 14
20
6
26
46
I
60
5
I
<1
I
882
542
5 ■
0
108
Table 37.
2
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon in 0,25m
bottom samples at Station 3 on-the Madison.River in
1977.
Date
Taxon
Sample No.
Plecoptera
'Pteronarcys oalifomtca
Isoperla spp.
Alloperla spp.
Total Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerella -inermis
Ephemerella grandis
Baetis intermedins
Paraleptophlebia heteronea
Ueptagenia elegantula
Trieorythodes minutus
Total Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Hydropsyehe spp.
Chenivatopsyehe spp. 1
Ceraelea spp.
Oeeetis avara
Lepidostoma veleda ■
Hydroptila s p .
Leueotriehia pietipes
Znmatriehia notosa
Psyehomyia flavida
Total Trichoptera
Diptera
Atherix variega’ta
Simulinm sp.
Crieotopus. sp.
Eukiefferiella sp.
Othoeladius Sp .
Chironomous Sp.
Glyptotendipes sp.
_
Feb. 6
May 14.
Aug. 22
Ave.
No.
I
2
I
2
I
2
I
3
I
5
2
I
I
I
I
O
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
I
I
2
0
0
2
2
I
I
2
36
I
I
0
4
0
42
25
O
46
I
3
86
0
0
0
0
21
23
2
14
I
3
5
57
12
9
3
O
14
O
51
0
0
2
50 100
26 200
54 62
5
5
0
O
0
O
43 24
0
O
0
.O
0
O
128 293
245 232
230 170
0
0
0
0
61
9
34
0
I
17
616
5
3
O
O
O
O
0
38
I
5
0
2
2
0
2
I
4
0
I
0
' 0
46
4
0
0
20
0
9
34
64
2768 1958
904
2264 1306 ' 681
32
7
0
0 .
21
47
0
20
2
4
0 . 0
'
-17
0
0
. 0
4
3
.I
0
I
2
0
I
9
32
.0
4.
460 5032 3351 1647'
0
.4
I
3
0
0
0
0
I
I
0
.
4
9
0
0
5
13
0
0
0
0
9
2
I
3
.25
' <1
I
109
Table 37.
(Continued) .
Aye.
Taxon
Date
Feb. 6
Sample No.
Diptera (continued)
Miarotendipes s p .
Paraahii3Pnomus sp.
Paraoladopelma sp.
Polypedilum sp.
Rheotanytarsus sp.
Diamesa sp. A
Diamesa sp. B
Total Diptera
May 14
I
2
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
11
2
15
6
O .
O
O
O . O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
2
385 274
403 312
Aug. 22
2
I '
2
O
O
O
No.
I
I
3
12
6
3
3
4
O
O
O
O
O
2
5
I
111
141
2
54
8
24
41
Lepidoptera
Parargyraatis aonfusalis
11 ■
O
O
O
O
32
36
O
O
O
O
O
5
5
O
O
O
4
13
.17
19
31
3
6
. 9
O
I
O
O
O
O
■ <1
I
O
I
O
I
O
.
283 362
25
4
40
40
126
. O
O
O
O
.0
2
0
0
0
I
<1
I
5211 3351
1963
Coleoptera
Optioservus sp.
Miaroayloeppus sp.
O
O
Total Coleoptera
12
'
Amphipoda ■
Hyalella dzteaa
Decapoda
Orconeotes sp.
Isopoda
.
Asellus s p .
.
I- ■
Gastropoda
Perrissia
Gyraulis ■sv >
Total Gastropoda ■
Total number invertebrates
O
I
. -o .. I
2
O
863 1026
2
751 573
■
O .
O
HO
2
Table 38.
Numbers of invertebrates per taxo.n'in 0.25m
bottom samples in Station 4 on the Madison River in
1977.
Taxon
Date
Sample No.
Plecoptera
Ftevonavoys oattfovnioa
Hespevoipevla pacif-iea
Isopevla spp.
Cultus tostonus
Skwala pavallela
Ptevonavcella badia
Total Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Ephemevella Inevmis
Ephemevella gvandis.
Baetis intevmedius.,
Psuedooleon edmundsi
Pavaleptophlebia hetevonea
Eeptagenia elegantula
Ehithvogena undulata
Tvioovythodes minutus
Unidentified species
Total Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Hydvopsyohe spp.
Cheumatopsyohe spp.
Glossosoma spp.
Pvotoptila spp.
Bvaohyoentvus oooidentalis.
Amiooentvus aspilus
Cevaolea spp.
Oeoetis avava
Helioopsyohe bovealis
Hydvoptila sp.
Leuootviohia pictipes
Zumatviohia notosa
Feb. 6
I
11
2
14
O
O
O
27
73
O
91
O
May 14
2
I
6
. 4
I
O
3
O
O
O
14
O
O
Aug. 22
2
I
2
2
27
O
O
O
4
O
31
3
O
O
O
8
O
9
.4
O
O
15
35
44
42
0
2
0
5
15
15
0
0
0
0
120
0
2
22
0
0
68
0
0
0
8
O
11
0
0
44
I
2
I
I
3
12
2
0
0
I
0
2
0
0
0
55
63
67
191
79
4
127
374 372
245 201
57 27
120
68
120
3
I
144
3
I
91
0
0
0
0
0
.0
O
170
198 163
422 248
0
0
0
0
46
33
0
0
0
12
0
4
47
I
55
0
0
0
0
-
0
I
2
50
3
2
0
3
4
60 54
119 . I
4
6
4
6
5
5
-
2
3
13
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
16
2
7
■ I
Ave.
No.
9
I
6
I
2
<1
19
32
<1
40
<1
I
3
I
33
'I
112
218
217
15
I
61
I
3
22
24
19
3
'2
Ill
Table 38.
(Continued)
Ave.
Taxon
Date
Sample No.
Trichoptera (Continued)
Psyehomyia f lavida
Neetopsyehe s p .
Total Trichoptera
Feb . 6
I
2
4
O
O
O
722 512
May 14
I
2
Aug. 22
I
No.
2
7
4 . 0
2
O
0
3
932 682 . 368 320.
10
4
I
589
Diptera
Simulium sp.
Antoeha sp.
Cavdioeladius sp.
Cvieotopus sp.
Eukieffeviella sp.
Othoeladius sp.
Micvotendipes s p .
Pavaeladopelma sp.
Polypedilum sp.
Eheotanytavsus sp.
Nilotanypus sp.
Theinemannemyia group
Diamesa sp. A
Diamesa sp. B
Total Diptera
Lepidoptera
Pavavgyvaetis eonfusalis
Coleoptera
Opti&sevvus sp.
Mievocyloeppus sp.
Total Coleoptera
Decapoda
Oveoneetes s p .
6
2
4
O
31
6
22
O
O
O
O
I
14
2
O
O
O
30
O
28
O
O
O
O
O
24
201 222
313 306
O
I
7
O
O
3
2
0
10
O
15
0
0
0
0
0
I
4
I
I
0
12
0
19
0
13
8
9
0
O
O
0
0
2
0
0
4
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
50
50
5
0"
0
0
9
0
I
8
4
9
4
I
3
<1
11
3
15
33
I
<1
I
6
71
227
14
10
10
15
19
20
15
28
6
12
40
3
9
36
14
50
16
17
33
26
52
78
34
96
130
24
■ 32
56
.O
O
0
0
I
0
<1
112
Table 38.
(Continued)
Aye.
Taxon
Date
Sample N o .
Gastropoda
FepiyIssva sp.
Physa sp.
Total Gastropoda
Pelycypoda
Pvsavdiion sp.
Sphaevvum s p .
Total Pelycypoda
Total number invertebrates
Feb • 6 .
May 14
Aug., 22
No,
I
2
I
2
I
2
13
O
13
22
0
22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
I
7
6
20
13
I
8
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
. 5
10
1097 862
743
629
26
1325 957
I
5
5
113
Table 39.
2
Numbers of invertebrates per taxon in 0.25m
bottom samples in Station 5 on the Madison River in
1977.
Aue.
Taxon
Date
Sample No.
Plecoptera
Ptevonavoys odli-fornioa
Claassenia sabulosa
Eesiperoiperla paeifiaa
Isoperla spp.
Cultus tostonus
Skwala parallela
Pteronaroella badia
Total Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerella inemrls
Baetis intermedius
Paraleptophlebia heteronea
Eeptagenia elegantula
Rhithrogena undulata
Trioorythodes minutus
Ephemera simulans
Ephoron album
Unidentified species
Total Empemeroptera
Trichoptera
Eydropsyohe spp.
Cheumatopsyohe spp.
Glossosoma spp.
Protoptila spp.
Braohyoentrus oooidentalis
Amiooentrus aspilus
Oeoetis avara
Lepidostoma veleda
Eelioopsyohe borealis
Eydropti la s p .
Leuaotriohia piatipes
Feb. 6
I
3
26
O
3
O
0.
O
32
May 14
Aug., 22
2
I
2
I
0
0
2
0
2
2
0 .
0
-
5
0
0
0
12
0
12
0
0
0
16
0
15
0
0
I
31
7
I
0
0
11
152
254
15
5 .
I
O
O
0
2
O
O
0
I
3
0
O
0
O
273
160
192
26
368
113.
70
580
189
60
6
12
0
. 2
456
145
21
10
19
14
0
8
0
0
10
8
0
183
170
0
0
13
0
0
14
I
0
0
0
233
15
3
0
7
I
I
8
0
0
0
13
128
27
3
0
7
7
I
0
4
177
2
I
0
6
0
0
28
38
0
12
8
.8
132
0
0
0
0
. 12
96
I
2
0
180
157
354
109
50
9
384
660
280
380
0
0
2
2
21
,2
11
0
:5
2
-
5
Q
No.
.
8
0
20
.0
I
64
128
0
0
0
0
4
I
9
<1
6
<1
2
<1
18
121
23
I
3
7
32
I
<1
I
197
399
260
34
7
9
I
' 13
4
34
61
I
114
Table 39.
(Continued)
Aye.
Taxon
Sample No.
Trichoptera (Continued)
Zumatridhia notosa
Psyahomyia flavida
Total Trichoptera
Diptera
Atherix sp.
Tipula sp.
Eexatoma s p .
Simulium sp.
Cardioaladius sp.
Criaotopus sp.
Eukiefferiella sp.
Othoaladius sp.
Chironomous sp.
Diarotendipes sp.
Miarotendipes s p .
Phaenopseatra sp.
Polypedilum sp.
Rheotanytarsus sp.
Diamesa sp. A
Diamesa sp. A
■ Total Diptera
Lepidoptera
Parargyraatis aonfusalis
Coleoptera
Optioservus sp.
Miaroayloeppus sp.
Total Coleoptera
Odonata
Ophiogomphus sp.
Feb. 6
Date
May 14
Aug,. 2 2
I.
I
2
I
O
I
826
O
I
760
O
871
I
O
5
5
9
O
O
4
6
5
I
O
O
■ 4
7
5
2
6
I
O
O
6
3
I
15
O
O
O
2
I
I ’
O
4
I
11
17
O
O
O
I
O
5
2
2
.2
10
I
3
4
O
.6
518 1147 . 810
O
2
O
I
O
O
O
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
3
O
O
O
O
6
O
O
O
15
O
O
O
O
O
O . 0
23
7
•' Do.
3
2
<1 '
'3
2
3
0 ' <1
8
34
7
20
2
0
I
0
I
. o
8
20
<1
0
IS
70
2
12.
5
0
3
0
61
156
O
O
4
0.
21
10
4
65
13
73
O
O
42
4
2
. I
4
128
120
43
8
I
4
19
23
48
154
60
200
202
260
. 22
75
: 97
O
I
0
<1
5
13.
2
3
16
.65
83
O
I
O
115
Table 39.
(Continued)
Date
Taxon
Sample No.
Amphipoda
Hyalella azteea
Decapoda
Oraoneates sp.
■
Isopoda
Asellus sp.
Gastropoda
Ferrissia sp.
Pelycypoda
Pisaidium sp.
Sphaerium sp.
Total Pelycypoda
'
Feb . 6
May 14
..
Aug. 22
Ave.■
No.
I
2
I
2
I
2
O
2
O
O
O
O
' <1
I
I
O .
o
I
I
I
3
. I
O
O
. O
O
I
O
O
3
O
O
.I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
I
I
O . <1
O ■■<1
I
O
I
O
O
O
Total number Invertebrates 1115
1153 1241
I
I
2
794 1707
1509
.1253
116
Table 40
2
Average numbers/m of selected tax^ of aquatic inverte­
brates collected frgm eight 0.20 m artificial substrate
samplers and 0.25 m bottom samplers (in italics) at
stations on the Madison River in May and August, 1977.
Dashes indicate incomplete data.
Station
Taxa
'
Plecoptera
Ephemerop tera
Trichoptera
Diptera
Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Odonata
Decapoda
Isopoda
Gastropoda
Pelycypoda
40 200
245 720
810 2360
315 484
0
0
10 164
0
0
0
0
0
0
40 115
0
4
Aver, total n o .^
invertebrates/m
I
2
1470
3
4
40 132
305 464
590 1048
410 180
0
0
25
64
0
0
0
0
0
0
90 388
0 ■■ 8
4
5
830 248
7475 9376
610 124
52
70
2
0
0
0
4
0
5 112
<1
0
0
0
64
105
670 446
1130 2304
1400 144
64
150
20 292
0.
0
2
0
0
0
4
5
2
0
—
1450 2288
8995 9884
3345 3532
- 5252
5
-
-
-
44
748
3344
226
134
568
<1
■4
4
4
5
AVer. no. taxa/
sampler
14
25
18
24
10
16
16
22
—
23
Total no. taxa
collected
28
. 31
32
35
21
24
30
38
-
41
117
Table 41.
Quality values from Hilsenhoff (1977) assigned to macro­
invertebrates collected in 1977 from the Madison River
and used in calculating the biotic index.
Plecoptera
P. cal-tfovnioa I, P. badia I*, C. sdbulesa I*, R.
Pacifi-Oa I*, C. tostonua O*, S. pavatlela I*,
Isoperla spp. 0, Alloperld spp. 0*.
Ephemeroptera
E. inermis 2*, E. grandis 0, Baetis sp. 3, H.
eleganiula 2, Epeorus sp. 0, R. undulata 0, P.
heteronea I, C. albiarmulata 3*, T. nrinutus 2.
Trichoptera
Hydropsyehe spp. 3, Cheumatopsyehe spp. 4, A.
inermis 0*, Glassosoma spp. I, Protoptila spp. I,
B. oeeidentalis I, A. aspilus 2, Ceraelea sp. 2,
O. avara 2, Neetopsyahe sp. 2, P. flavida 2,
Hydroptila sp. 3, L.- pietipes 3, 2. notosa 3*,
P. eoloradensis 0, L. veleda 2, ff. borealis I.
Dipera
A. variegata 2, Tipula sp. 2, Hexatoma sp. 3,
Bieranota sp. I, Antoaha sp. 2, Simulium sp. 3,
Cardioeladius sp. 4, Cricotopus ,sp. 4, Eukieferriela sp. 2, Miaroariaotopus sp. 3*, Orthoaladius sp. 4, Parametrionemus sp. I, Theinemanniella
sp. 0*, Chironomus sp. 5, Dierotendipes sp. I, .
Glyptotendipes sp. 5, Miarotendipes sp. 2,
Paraehironomous sp. 2, Paraeladopelma sp. 3,
Phaenopseetra sp. I, Polypedillum sp. 3,
Rheotanytarsus sp. 0, Theinemannemyia group 4,
Diamesa sp. A I, Diamesa sp. B 3.
Lepidoptera
P. eonfusalis
Amphipoda
Hyallela azteea 4.
Isopoda
Asellus sp. 5.
Gastropoda
Physa. s-p. I*, Lymnae sp. 2*.
3*.
*Values assigned on the basis of this study and/or MSU collections.
118
Table 42.
List of adult aquatic insects collected on the upper and
lower Madison River with the range of dates' of collection.
• Collections were made in 1977 unless otherwise noted.
Location of Collection
Taxa
lower river . upper river
Plecoptera
Pteronarcidae
Ptevonavoys Oattfovntoa Newport
6/5 - 6/11
6/17 - 6/23
7/6
6/6 - 6/11
7/16
6/17 - 6/23
4/4 - 4/30
4/30 - 6/6
7/9 - 8/8
6/12 - 6/30
6/10
4/16
6/6 - 7/6
7/27
6/13
6/15
— —
—.—
- -
— —.
6/18 .
6/29
6/30 - 7/20
7/7 - 7/27
4/30
— —'
Perlidae
Claassenta sdbulosa Banks
Hegpevopevla pa&tfiaa Banks
Perlodidae
Skwala pavallel'd Prison
Isopevla fulva Claasen
Isopevla movmona Banks
Isopevla patvtota Prison
Cultus tostonus Ricker
6/6 - 6/23
Chloroperlidae
Allopevla .setieva Hagen
Tvtznaka stgnata Banks
Sweltsa oolovadensts Banks
Suwatlta palltdula Banks
Suwatlta ltneosa Banks
Taeniopterigidae
Taentonema sp. Banks'
Ephemeroptera
Leptophebiidae
Pavaleptophlebta hetevonea McDunnough.
I
6/20 - 6/21
7/20
7/20
- -
5/13 - 6/13
8/22.
6/271
6/20 - 7/1,5
—
— —
6/17
6/6 - 6/23
7/11
7/2,0
Tricorythidae
Tvtoovythodes minutus Traver
Baetidae
Baetts tntevmedtus Dodds
Pseudooleon edrmmdst Jensen
Calllbaetts sp.
Ephemerellidae
Ephemevella gvandis Eaton
Ephemevella.,Inevmts Eaton
Table 42.
(Continued)
Location of Collection
Taxa
Ephemeroptera (Continued)
Heptageniidae
Eeptagenia elegantula Eaton
Rhithnogena undulata Banks
Epeonus sp.
Siphlonuridae
Ameletus sp.
lower river
upper river
6/8
—
6/29
6/15
5/1
—
6/24
-
—
5/6 - 5/16
Trichoptera
Rhyacophillidae
Rhyaeophila eolonadensis group
—
7/13
—
Helicopsychidae
Eelieopsyehe honealis Hagen
6/23
7/20
-
6/30 - 7/13
Lepidostomatidae
Lepidostoma veleda Denning
“
Polycentropidae
Psyehomyia f lccoida
5/28 - 6/27
6/20 - 7/2
6/7 - 6/23
6/18
6/15 - 7/4
—
—
—
—
4/30 - 6/6
6/5 - 7/13
5/14
7/12 - 7/27
Glossosomatidae
Glossosoma veldna Ross
Glossosoma montana Ross
Pnotoptila eoloma Ross
6/20.
-
7/13
Brachycentridae
Bnaehyeentnus oecidentalis '&a-aks
Amioeentnus aspilus Ross
Leptoceridae
Nectopsyehe sp.
Oeeetis avana Banks
Cenaelea annulieo.nnis Stephen
Cenaelea eopha Ross
6/12
6/15
6/13
6/13
-
6/23
8/22
6/29
6/15
—
—
6/13
—
—
----- -
Hydroptilidae
Leuaotniehia pietipes Banks
Zumatniehia notosa
Eydnoptila sp . Dalman
.Oehnotniahia s ^ . Mosely
6/6 - 6/24 n
6/20 - 6/29
5/26 - 6/12.
6/22 - 6/3p
—
“
“
—
-
-
—
~
-
7/27
120
•Table 42 (Continued)
Location of Collection
Iotirer river
Taxa
upper river
I
Trichoptera (Continued)
Hydropsychidae
• Aratopsyehe inernrls Banks
Cheumatopsyohe l&gant Gordon
Chewnatopsyahe sp.
Hydropsyohe oooidentaUs Banks
Hydropsyahe cookerelli Banks
Hydropsyahe bronta Ross
hydropsyche jewetti Denning
6/18 - 6/23
6/5 - 8/22
6/14 - 7/9 •
6/5 - 6/15
5/31 - 8/3
Lepidoptera
Pyralidae
Parargyraatis aonfusalis Walker
^Collected in 1978
6/25 - 6/271
7/7
6/30 - 7/27
7/7
6/5 - 6/29
t
Fraley, John J
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summer water temperatures
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