THE OUSTER OF MUBARAK IN EGYPT 1 2 TWO QUESTIONS FOR RECITATION THIS WEEK: Why was Mubarak forced to resign the Presidency? Was the overthrow of Mubarak a revolution? 3 Image courtesy of W123 on Wikipedia. CC-BY. 4 This image is public domain. 5 Demographics Population of Egypt in 2013: 84,314,000 Population of Other North African and Middle Eastern Countries (2012) Libya: 6.423,000 Tunisia: 10,777,500 Syria: 22,530,746 Saudi Arabia: 29,195,895 Iraq: 31,129,225 Iran: 77,176,930 Major Egyptian Cities (2012): Religious Breakdown: Cairo: 8,105,071 Alexandria: 4,388,219 Giza: 3,348,401 Muslim (Sunni): 90% Coptic Christian: 9% Other Christian: 1% 6 Gamal Abdel Nassar Second President of Egypt, 1954-1970 This image is public domain. Emergency Law, 1967-2012: • • • • Police powers extended Constitutional rights suspended Heavy censorship enforced All non-governmental political activity, street demonstrations, and non-approved political organizations,unregistered financial donations were formally banned. 7 This image is public domain. Anwar Al-Sadat, Third President of Egypt, 1970-1981 8 Hosni Mubarak, Fourth President of Egypt, 1981-2011 This image is public domain. 9 This image is public domain. Mohamed Morsi, Member of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt Fifth President of Egypt (30 June 2012 to 3 July 2013), currently under arrest 10 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 21H.001 How to Stage a Revolution Fall 2013 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.