ITU Workshop on
“Disaster Relief Systems, Network
Resiliency and Recovery”
(Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013)
Telecommunication System
for Early Warning and Disaster Relief
Masao Kojima
Senior Manager
Industry Standards Department
KDDI
ms-kojima@kddi.com
Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013
Photo of Natural Disaster
Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013
2
Content(1/2)
Need for Telecommunication Systems oｆ
Early Warning & Disaster Relief
Early Warning & Disaster Relief System for
Local residents in Japan (current)
Lead Time for Early Warning
Traditional and New System for Early
Warning & Disaster Relief
Category for Early Warning and Disaster
Relief Systems
Landscape of Early Warning & Disaster Relief
and their Systems
Effectiveness of Mobile System on KDDI’s
experience March 11,2011
Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013
3
Content(2/2)
Flow Direction and Early Warning & Disaster
Relief Systems
KDDI’s Mobile Systems for Early Warning &
Disaster Relief
Earthquake Early Warning System
How to detect earthquake in advance
Emergency Rapid Mail
Disaster Message Board Service
Customer preference for real time voice
Disaster Voice Delivery Service
Disaster Relief by Guidance
Digital Signage for Disaster Relief
Conclusion
Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013
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Needs for Teleco Systems of
Early Warning and Disaster Relief
Disaster results in loss of human lives &
displacement of millions of people
Communication system can play a great role in
providing early warning & disaster relief
Early warning before disaster is a key element
for disaster prevention and reducing loss of
human lives
Disaster relief at or during disaster can make
victims to capture the correct information on
rescue parties, relief supplies and evacuation
shelter.
Disaster relief after disaster can make victims
to capture the damage situation and safe
confirmation. And also it can provide their
friends and relatives with their individual
situation. In addition, it can be effective for life
sustainability
Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013
5
Early Warning & Disaster Relief Sys.
for local residents in Japan (current)
Information Gathering
Transmission
Announcement
Traditional
(Broadcast)
Traditional
(Dedicated
Radio)
Traditional
New Area
in Mobile
New Area
in Broadcast
New Area
in Internet
Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｐａｐｅｒ” Utilization of ICT for Disaster Management Japan ” WS-DMC-22:
Presentation material Mr.MORISHIT of MIC ／APT Workshop on Disaster Management /
Communications, October 2011
Lead Time for Early Warning
Seconds for earthquakes
Minutes for tornadoes and tsunami
Days to hours for volcanic eruptions
Weeks to hours for hurricanes
Months to weeks for droughts
Years or even decades for slow-onset threats
(such as El Nino, climate change, etc.)
Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｐａｐｅｒ” drnrr-i-0029-Early Warning Systems (EWS)” by
Veronica F. Grasso, UNDP , the second FG-DR&NRR, September 2012
Traditional and New System for
Early Warning & Disaster Relief
TV broadcasting
Radio broadcasting (FM &AM)
Priority use of fixed telephone for local
government, evacuation shelters and other
public entities
Disaster Prevention
Administrative
Radio System
New trend is system
via mobile
Category for Early Warning and
Disaster Relief Systems (1/2)
1. Information flow direction
Public agency to General public (potential
victim)
Public agency to Public agency
Public agency to Individual (potential victim)
Individual (victim) to Public Agency
Individual (victim) to Individual, and visa
versa
2. Type of physical system
Radio, TV, mobile, amateur radio, digital
signature etc
Category for Early Warning and
Disaster Relief Systems (2/2)
3. Timing of information and possible
application
Before disaster for preparedness and
prevention
At or During disaster for rescue and
evacuation
After disaster for safe confirmation and
life sustainability
Landscape of Early Warning & Disaster
Relief and their Systems (1/2)
Type of
Early Warning & Disaster
Relief Systems
TV broadcastingShared
Radio
broadcastingPublic
agency to Shared
General Digital signature
public
(new) –Shared
Fixed radio
communicationsDedicated
Fixed radio
communicationPublic
Dedicated
agency to
Satellite fixedPublic
Dedicated
agency
Satellite VehicleDedicated
Early
Warning
before
Disaster
Disaster
Reliefat or during
Disaster
○
○
Disaster
reliefafter
Disaster
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Landscape of Early Warning & Disaster
Relief and their Systems(2/2)
Public
agency to
Individual
Individual
to Public
Agency
Individual
to
Individual
Mobile broadcast
(new)-Shared
Disaster Relief by
Guidance (new)Dedicated
Mobile-Phone-Shared
Fixed-Phone-Shared
Amateur Radio1) –
Shared
Mobile-Phone-Shared
Fixed-Phone-Shared
Disaster Message
Board (new)Dedicated
Disaster Voice
Delivery (new)Dedicated
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Effectiveness of Mobile System
on KDDI’s experience March 11, 2011
Many victims run off with mobile terminal
in hand after a disaster
(e.g. Japan Earthquake and Tsunami,
March 11, 2011)
Higher mobile penetration ratio than fixed
telephone
Disaster warning also provided by
conventional broadcasting services such
as TV and Radio
TV & Radio to provide an information to
general public but not to individual
Mobile to provide information not only to
general public but also individual
Flow Direction and
Early Warning & Disaster Relief Sys
Early Warning for general public (To warn of
a coming potential disaster)
Disaster Relief for general public (To notify
latest support situation after disaster)
Disaster Relief for individual (To notify
damage situation from victims to their friends
and family members
Disaster Relief by guidance (To guide each
victim a route to evacuation shelters and to
his home )
KDDI’s Mobile Systems for
Early Warning & Disaster Relief
Before March 11, 2011
After April 1& June 4, 2012
1.Early Warning
1.Early Warning
(Earthquake,
Tsunami )
(Earthquake)
2.Disaster Relief
for public
2.Disaster Relief
for public
3.Disaster Relief
for individual
(Text message
board)
4.Disaster Relief
by guidance
(Graphical
guidance)
(Disaster /
Evacuation)
Additional
request
based on
the
experience
of March
11, 2011
3.Disaster Relief
for individual
(Text & Audio
message board)
4.Disaster Relief
by guidance
(Graphical guidance)
Earthquake Early Warning System
 What is the earthquake early warning system? (Started from Mar. 2008）
 Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) originated at Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is
broadcasted to au mobile phones in areas around the seismic center, free from congestion.
 An alert with a dedicated alarm tone, vibration, and display on a mobile phone screen.
 Only when a maximum Seismic Intensity” Scale 5” lower or more is estimated, the EEW is
broadcasted to the areas where a Scale 4 or more is foreseen.
JMA
KDDI
network
au mobile phone
Sense
‘P’ wave
Analyze P wave
Transmit EEW
Dispatch
EEW message
Broadcast EEW
in areas around
seismic center
(alarm tone, vibration)
★ Penetration of au mobile phone applicable to EEW
26.8 million amongst 33.9 mil. (79%) (as of Oct. 2011 )
 How did EEW work on the Mar. 11 disaster?
 Effective to notify people of the earthquake
 Not useful to notify people of the tsunami, however
Currently, KDDI supports the tsunami warning.(2012.3.30~)
〔Actual screen of iPhone16
5〕
How to detect earthquake in advance
Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) in Japan: When two or
more Seismometers detect P-waves, the JMA
immediately analyzes the readings and distributes the
warning information to advanced users, such as
TV/Radio broadcaster and mobile phone operators,
before the arrival of S-waves
Seismo
-meters
Detect
‘P’ wave
JM
A
Broadcast EEW
in areas around
seismic center
Analyze P wave
Transmit EEW
P-wave
1) P-wave: non-destructive, 6～7km/sec
Seismomenters for Pwave
2) S-wave: destructive, 3～4km/sec
www.meisei.co.jp/english/news/topi
cs/meiseitopics_vol_45.pdf
〔Actual screen〕
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Emergency Rapid Mail (since 2012）
Three function: ① Earthquake Warning, ②Tsunami
Warning、③ Disaster/Evacuation Info
・ Simultaneous Transmission, like broadcasting
・ Transmission only within affected regions
△△City
！
earthquake
JMA
Early Warning
Broadcasting
Tsunami
Disaster
○○City
Disaster Relief
Nation・Municipalities
(Publishing Disaster/
Evacuation Information)
Messages
Transmission
Process
Transmission Only
Within the Related Regions
※Not Transmitting to
Other Regions
<Core technology> ①3PP: ETWS （Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System）
②3GPP2: Broadcast SMS
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Disaster Message Board Service(1/2)
I am relieved
to hear he is
safe.
「notification mail」
sending
I can not come home・・
I want to contact my family・・
It is hard to telephone
to my home
Try to register
on “Disaster
Message
Board”
Confirm the safety at
receiving [notification
mail]
Disaster
Message
Board system
Good！
We are
relieved!
Disaster MSG
Board
～register～
[Condition]
□ I am safe
□ I am not
safe 。
□ I am at home
OK
□I am at the
evacuation
To register the safety on “Disaster
center.
Message Board”
□ See the
comments
Confirm the safety
Even through other mobile phone networks or
Internet, you can access to the Disaster
Message board ！
Access to・・・http://dengon.ezweb.ne.jp/
Disaster Message Board Service(2/2)
Requirements
１) Items for Registration
□ I am safe
□ I am not safe
□ I am at home
□ I am at the evacuation center
□ others
2) Terminal for registration
・Mobile phone terminal with a telephone number (Rec. E.164)
・Fixed telephone terminal with a telephone number (Rec. E.164)
3) Deletion
to delete a safe or relief information only through the terminal
for
registration
4) Language
・Mother language
・English
・Other language (Option)
Customer preference for real time voice
< Transition of customer demand request>
Just after disaster, victims tried to make voice calls to their relatives and friends for confirmation
of safety. (First preference was real time voice)
⇒ After voice traffic was congested & controlled, customers may change their intention from voice call to
messaging service. (Peaked at 15 minutes passed)
⇒ Then the user of “ Message board” had increased . ( Peaked at 2 hours passed)
Time History
outbreak
Real time voice was preferred but was hard to reach.
Tickers, banner
Message svc is second choice.
Voice Call
15 mins
passed
message
Peaked at 2 hour passed
Disaster Message Board
Real time voice was hard to reach.
But voice message is still preferred.
Disaster Voice delivery Service 、Skype au
It is necessary to enhance this kind
of service and to inform it to public
Disaster Voice Delivery Service(1/2)
After a disaster, Disaster Voice Delivery Service is provided. The
voice is packetized and to be stored & forwarded in Packet Network.
This service has been launched since June 4, 2012
I will inform my wife of my safety
by voice.
Voice delivery
Server
Let’s try to use
“Disaster Voice Delivery Service”
I am relieved to hear
“he is safe”.
Voice
File
Voice
File
Packet Network
・Voice is stored in Smart Phone.
・The Voice is transferred in Packet NW
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Disaster Voice Delivery Service(2/2)
Requirements
1) Registering the called number of victim’s relatives and
friends
・to register a single called number registered at a terminal
・to register multi called number registered at a terminal
2) Recording a voice
・to record and to packetize a voice at a terminal
3) Sending a voice
・to send a packetized voice to a terminal with called number registered
4) Receiving and reproducing a voice
・to receive and to reproduce a packetized voice at a receiving terminal
5) Type of terminal
・Smart-Phones (interoperable for each other)
6) Method of packetized and de-packetized voice
・TBD
Disaster Relief by Guidance(1/3)
"Mobile evacuation tool supporting you safety"
(1) Enabled for self positioning
(2) Anti-disaster goods purchasable from sites
(3) Accessible to Disaster Message (4) Still operate even if Mobile Phone radio signal
is cut off
Board
Evacuation shelter map
Get locations displayed, targeting wide-area evacuation shelters, railroads,
main roads, administrative offices, railway stations, and emergency hospitals.
Set your destination to know the direction and distance to that place.
Point your Sun Icon to the sun to determine the direction facing ahead.
Homecoming support map
Make use of downloadable map that tells you the route between two points you have
specified in advance.
Get information displayed, targeting the locations of evacuation shelters, emergency
hospitals, disaster designated hospitals, convenience stores, toilets, among others.
Also get information displayed, targeting dangerous/hazardous points such as a
block wall.
Peace of mind service - you can still use it should major disaster cause Base Stations to
suspend transmission.
Disaster Relief by Guidance(2/3)
Requirement-1
1) Easy understandable graphical guidance.
(GPS)
G
2) Superimpose (mash-up)
some kinds of maps into one
guidance map; which includes a
base-line geographical map, terminal
position, evacuation shelter map,
public service entities such as
hospital and local government,
locations of dangerous spots and so
forth.
Disaster Relief by Guidance (3/3)
Requirement-2
3) To superimpose (mash-up) even by a mobile
terminal or a local server (cashing)
4) To operate the system even under no-connection
with a central web-server, because a network is
sometimes isolated after disaster. However, a local
government is required to provide a map-guidance
within an isolated network. (cashing)
5) To operate at most or any mobile terminals on a
platform/Browser. (Open platform)
(Note) SVG-Map as Possible Platform
As a key technology for graphical MAP platform on mobile device,
SVG-Map (web-browser's standard graphic format) under
HTML5 has been developed by W3C. SVG-Map can meet to
item 2), 3), 4), 5) above, but an existing Map does not.
Digital Signage for Disaster Relief
Broadcaster
prediction agencies
-Early
Warning
Government
/local government
Digital signage platforms
for
Digital signage platforms
-Early Warning
-Relief information
- Relief information
Commercial
Station
Public building facilities Designated shelter
Evacuation center
Mobile
Extraction from SG16 document “T13-SG16-130114-TD-WP2-0024!!MSW-E”
Conclusion
Telecommunication systems for early warning
＆disaster relief can play great roles;
Before Disaster:
for Preparedness, Prevention
At or During Disaster: for Rescue, Evacuation
After Disaster:
for Safe confirmation, Life-sustainability
Mobile system is effective because many
victims run off with mobile terminal in hand.
However, it has not been developed and
implemented yet.
Therefore, it is recommended that mobile
system for early warning & disaster relief will
be developed and implemented.
Appendix-1 Situations in East Japan
Appendix-２ Natural Disasters