ITU Workshop on "Future Trust and Knowledge
Infrastructure", Phase 1
Geneva, Switzerland, 24 April 2015
Challenges for Trustworthy SocialCyber-Physical Infrastructure
Gyu Myoung Lee,
Q11/13 & Q16/13 Rapporteur,
LJMU/KAIST, gmlee@kaist.ac.kr
1
Contents
• Introduction
– Internet of Things
– Social-Cyber-Physical Infrastructure
• Trust
– Concepts, key design principles
• 10 Challenges for trustworthy ICT infrastructure
• Conclusion
2
Introduction
• Towards Knowledge Society
– From data processing & information collection to
knowledge creation
– Human centric
• Smart Connected World
– From living space to community space
– Increase Intelligence  Trust
3
Internet of Things
Complex systems
Distributed Systems
Complex
Technology
Convergence
Governance
Business models
SOA/SOC
Service creation
Data management
Heterogeneity
Resource Management Dynamicity
AI/Autonomics
Web of Things
Semantics
Privacy
Interoperability
Networking technologies
e.g. Zigbee,
Bluetooth Low Energy
Interactions
Security
Discovery
Smart Spaces
Smart Objects
Addressing
Identification
Wireless Sensor &
Actuator Networks
Energy efficiency
(Inter)Networking
(Inter)Networking
M2M
RFID
Embedded computing
Energy harvesting
Things/Objects
Things/Objects
(Source) Gyu Myoung Lee, et al., “Internet of Things,” in a book “Evolution of Telecommunication services,”
LNCS, volume 7768, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-41568-5,
pp.257~282, 2013.
4
IoT Infrastructure
• Enhancements of networking/
service scope/capabilities
• Extension of service
• Extension of network
• Extension of end-user
Challenges – readable, recognizable,
locatable, addressable and/or
controllable via the Internet
Source: Technology 2020 (The Future Company)
5
Internet of Things and People
• Use the Internet of Things to connect people
• Collaborative Device Communities
Cyber Physical Systems
Cyber Physical Social Systems
(Source) Fei-Yue Wang, “The Emergence of Intelligent Enterprises: From CPS to CPSS,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, July 2010
6
Social-Cyber-Physical Infrastructure
Humans
Social World
Individuals, Communities, SW agents
DIKW
Cyber World
Computation, Communication, Control
Things
Physical World
Physical Systems, Sensors, Actuators
Social-Cyber-Physical Infrastructure
DIKW: Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
7
Trust
• Reliance on another person or entity
Confidence
Dependence
Goodness
Belief
Ability
Honesty
Expectation
Faith
Future
Integrity
Surety
Strength
8
Knowledge & Trust
Decision Making
Trust
Expectation
Knowledge
Data interpretation
Data collection,
processing, management
(Source) Trust pyramid
http://www.johnhaydon.com/how-make-people-trust-your-nonprofit/
9
Trust Relationships
• Social trust among humans and things
Human-toHuman Trust
Thing-toThing Trust
Humans
Things
Trustworthy Social-Cyber-Physical Infrastructure
Humans
Human-toThing Trust
Things
• From individual trust to community trust
10
Key Design Principles
Consider Trust as a Key Component for Future ICT Infrastructure
• Interactions and relationships among
Social/Cyber/Physical worlds
• Trustable intelligent services based on data
convergence and mining
• Trustworthy environment for correct operations
• Enhanced security and privacy
11
Challenge 1 – Understanding of Trust
• Definitions
• Attributes
• Features
• IoPTS
Different views on Trust
– Internet of People, Things and Services
(Privacy, Trust, Security)
(Source) JHP Eloff, et al., “Internet of People, Things and Services - The Convergence of Security, Trust and Privacy”
12
Challenge 2 – Trust Relationships
• Social-Cyber-Physical
Relationships
Social
– Co-existence
– Connectivity
– Interactivity
– Spatio-temporal situations
Cyber
Physical
• Human-Thing
Relationships
T
R
U
S
T
Trust as a cross domain relationship
13
Challenge 3 – Trust Management
• Identity management
• Trust management
Users
Applications
– Reputation
– Recommendation
Computing
• Dynamics
Networks
– Adaptive knowledge based
control
14
Things
T
R
U
S
T
Challenge 4 – Measure & Calculate
• Measurable trust
– Metrics
• Trust calculation
– Subject vs. Object
• Trust level
15
Challenge 5 – Decision Making
• From sensing to actionable knowledge and
trust-based decision making
Reasoning (Policies, Rules)
Trustworthy data fusion/mining
Data perception trust
16
Challenge 6 – Autonomy
• Intelligence for handling trust requirements
under dynamic conditions
Autonomy
• Trust in Autonomics
– Feedback loop
Optimizing
• Monitoring- Analyzing-Planning- Execution
• Distributed intelligence
– Fog computing, Edge computing
17
Control
Monitoring
Challenge 7 – Constraint Environment
• Constraints from “things”
– Performance
– Less energy consumption
– Heterogeneity
• Lightweight mechanism
18
Challenge 8 – T-SCPI Architecture
• Build up Trustworthy Social-Cyber-Physical
Infrastructure (T-SCPI)
– Trust-enabled infrastructure
– Knowledge centric networking and services
• Complexity and heterogeneity
Data
-centric
Information
-centric
Knowledge
-centric
Technical Evolution
19
Challenge 9 – New business models
• Big data and open platform
– Platform service – trust related information
• Trust-based services
– More reliable services (e.g., finance)
– Online shopping - Usability
• Sharing economy
20
Challenge 10 - Standardization
• Trust considerations as an important item
• New work items on trust
–
–
–
–
–
Overview
Use cases
Framework
Solutions
Regulatory issues
• Collaborate with other SDOs
21
Conclusion
Future ICT Infrastructure
Trustworthy Social-Cyber-Physical
Infrastructure
Trust-enabled knowledge-centric
networking and services
22
Q&A
Thank you for your attention
23