APT/ITU Conformance and
Interoperability Event 2015
7 – 8 September 2015, Bangkok, Thailand
Document C&I-3/INP-14
07 September 2015
NICT, Japan
WAVEFORM TRANSFER FOR SEAMLESS NETWORK
SHOWCASING
Email:
Contact:
NICT, Japan
C&I-3/INP-14
Waveform transfer for seamless
access communication systems
Tetsuya KAWANISHI
National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology
Tokyo, Japan
This study was conducted as part of research projects “supported by the Japanese
Government funding for “R&D to Expand Radio Frequency Resources” from the
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
Outline
• Radio-over-fiber (RoF) for waveform transfer
• Concept of seamless links using RoF
• Possible applications
– High resolution radars for FOD detection
– High speed wireless links of high-speed trains
• Field trial of FOD rader at CU Saraburi
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Basic concept of Radio-on-fiber (RoF) system
RF signal is transmitted via optical fiber from central to antenna
RF signal
Lightwave Modulated
by RF signal
RF signal
Optical fiber
RF signal
Electro-optic
source
conversion
Central unit (CU)
Photo
detector
Remote antenna unit (RAU)
/ Base station (BS)
Merit: Low loss connection, simple base station
Recent Trends on RoF
• Application to 5G mobile fronthaul/backhaul
– Digital and/or analog
• High‐speed transmission at millimeter‐
wave/terahertz wave
– Protection/temporal link in resilient network
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Recent Trend of the session on OFC
MWP has a good presence in the communication conference
Bitrate and power consumption of wireless data
transmitters
MBit/s
nJ/Bit
Zigbee (TYP)
0.25
580
Bluetooth3.0+EDR (Planex)
2.1
170
802.11b (TYP)
11
180
802.11b/g (iodata)
54
Product
BT-Micro3E2X
26
Product
WN-G54/CB3L
UWBDice
10
3.2
R&D
802.11b/g/n (iodata)
300
4.3
Product
WN-G300U
802.11b GainSpan (Alps)
11
36
Sample
UGFZ1
WirelessHD SiBeam (Panasonic)
4000
2.5
Product
TU-WH1
Optical transceiver 10GbE(SEI)
20000
0.05
Product
SPP5000
T. Kawanishi, A. Kanno, T. Kuri and N. Yamamoto, "Transparent waveform transfer for resilient and low-latency links," IEEE Photonics Society
Newsletter, 28 (2014) 4
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Power consumption [nJ/bit]
Bitrate and power consumption of
wireless data transmitters
Zigbee
Bluetooth
100
802.11b
(GainSpan)
10
y=248x-0.613
802.11b
802.11n
UWB
1
802.11g
WirelessHD
0.1
10GbE
0.1
1
10
100
1000
THz
10000
Bitrate [Mbps]
T. Kawanishi, A. Kanno, T. Kuri and N. Yamamoto, "Transparent waveform transfer for resilient and low-latency links," IEEE Photonics Society
Newsletter, 28 (2014) 4
RoF for Next Mobile Services
4G(LTE/LTE‐A) mobile fronthaul technology such as CPRI, OBSAI and ORI is based on digitized RoF.
From G.‐K. Chang, et el., IEEE ICC'13 WS Optical‐Wireless
For Next‐Gen. 5G?, we have to discuss in the MWP.
TuB: RoF for Mobile Communication Systems will be held tomorrow.
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Wideband wireless and high-speed
transmission
Combination of optical digital links and radio
transmitters
APT REPORT ON WIRED AND WIRELESS SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS USING MILLIMETERWAVE RADIO ON FIBER TECHNOLOGY FOR RESILIENT ACCESS NETWORKS
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Digital coherent optical
transmission
High-performance digital
signal processing (DSP)
at Tx. and / or Rx.
DSP
Optical
RoF
Des.
RoF
E/O
E/O
Ser.
DSP
Data
O/E
Optical Rx.
Optical
RoF Tx.
Tx.
Data
High-speed and precise
lightwave control and
detection (Vector E/O and O/E)
Combination of DSP and vector lightwave control can generate high‐frequency broadband wireless signals.
Expansion of optical connection by
high-speed wireless based on Radioover-Fiber
Optical
RoF
DSP
High-speed
millimeter-wave
radio
DSP
RAU conv.
Media
Ser.
RoF
O/E
E/O
Des.
Data
DSP
Optical Rx.
Des.
Optical
RoF
O/E
Media
RAU conv.
E/O
RoF
E/O
E/O
Ser.
Data
DSP
Optical Tx.
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Seamless optical/radio link
RF signal over fiber
Wideband IF signal over fiber
Spectral efficiency in optical domain can be large. IF can be zero. (M2D.3)
APT REPORT ON WIRED AND WIRELESS SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS USING MILLIMETERWAVE RADIO ON FIBER TECHNOLOGY FOR RESILIENT ACCESS NETWORKS
Concept of wired and wireless seamless
transmission for resilient network
High-speed radio (> 10 Gbps)
Radio Access Unit
(RAU)
Optical fiber
(> 100 Gbps)
Temporary station
×
Agile deployment capability for
• Protection link against fiber being cut at disaster
• Temporal link to temporary station at disaster recovery
• “Last mile” solution until optical fiber deployment
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MIMO: to Enhance Total
Capacity
A. Kanno, Opt. Express, 20, 29395 (2012).
Conventional
DSP
Digital DP sig.
Radio FE
O/E
Optical Tx
Des.
RAU
Digital
radio Rx
High power consumption
Large latency
DP-RoF signal
Optical
digi.-coh.based
radio Rx
Radio FE
RoF Tx
Pol.-div.
O/E
Coherent MIMO RoF system
• “Radio-friendly” optical signal by RoF Tx
• Polarization diversity O/E derivers MIMO radio signal directly.
Optical‐PDM/RF‐MIMO transmission setup
A. Kanno, ECOC2012, We.3.B.2 (2012).
Pol.-diversity OE converters
Optical DP-QPSK-detector-based digital coherent Rx.
Coherent two-tone generation: See a. Kanno, IPC11, TuJ4 (2011)
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Observed BERs (74.4 Gb/s in 20 Gbaud)
A. Kanno, Opt. Express, 20, 29395 (2012).
High‐speed 60‐GHz Trans.
27 Gbit/s
at 60 GHz
M. Weiss et al., MWP 2009, Valencia, Spain, 2009, (post deadline paper)
5 years
84 Gbit/s
by 2x2 MIMO
at 60 GHz
C.‐T. Lin et al., OFC2014, M3D.1 (2014).
MWP plays a role as advanced technology testbed of future wireless communication.
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Millimeter‐wave Trans at >60 GHz
• W‐band, 120 GHz, 220 GHz,…
100‐Gb/s capability at W‐band
400‐Gb/s demonstration at W‐band
4 yrs.
Single‐channel OFDM
4x4 MIMO 28Gbd 16‐QAM
J. Yu et al., ECOC2014, We3.6.6
D. Zibar et al., MWP/APMP2011
100‐Gb/s demo at 220 GHz
Doubled freq.
S. Koenig et al., Nature Photonics 7, 977 (2013)
Highly-precise Optical Clock Signal Gen.
ALMA Photonic LO System by NAOJ, NICT
High‐ER modulator
Bias
Electrode A
Electrode C
Electrode B
Bias
Distribution of stable LO signal (31‐120 GHz) over fibers
MZa
Optical
input
Optical
output
MZb
Signal + Bias
OE conversion
OE conversion
OE conversion
OE conversion
Pure two‐tone source
ALMA:
Optical power [dBm]
-10
Desired
components
-20
-30
-40
Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array
46.6dB
49.0dB
-50
-60
-70
-80
1549.6
1549.8
1550.0
1550.2
Wavelength [nm]
1550.4
The site is at height of 5000m above sea level.
The longest baseline is 14km and the resolution is 0.001 arcsec
which is better than the Hubble space telescope.
Receiving frequency: 31-950 GHz.
T. Kawanishi et al., CLEO/QELS 2008, CFA1
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High-Speed Photodiodes
S21, S11 (dB)
• Zero-biased ultra-high-speed photodiodes beyond 110
GHz.
0
0
‐1
‐10
‐2
‐20
‐3
‐30
‐4
‐40
‐5
‐50
0
Package photo with 1mm connector
20
40
60
80
Frequency (GHz)
100
120
S-parameter measurement of packaged PD
4
Relative gain (dB)
2
0
‐2
‐4
‐6
‐8
‐10
0
Fabricated unitraveling-carrer photodiode
20
40
60
80
100
120
Frequency (GHz)
Frequency response of photodiodes
3dB Bandwidth > 110 GHz with bias=0
Frequency Response Analyzer
Two-tone lightwave
as a standard Signal
PD
under
Test
Frequency Response Analyzer
RF Signal Generator
Output Pure
RF signal
RF
Power
Meter
Optical Power Meter
Frequency range：
0.1〜40GHz
Measurement time：
< 2 sec
Accuracy： <0.1dB
Control PC
APT Report on Characteristics and Requirements of
Optical and Electric Components for Millimeter-wave
Radio on Fiber systems ASTAP/REPT 3
K. Inagaki, et al., IEICE Electronics Express, Vol. 9, 220 (2012)
HITACHI, NICT, ENRI, RTRI
2015. All rights reserved.
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High-Capacity MMW-RoF Backhaul for Railways
1–10-Gb/s signal transport to high-speed trains
Central office
Signal generation and location detection
• Radio-over-Fiber (RoF)-based
signal transport
• High-speed O/E and E/O devices
• Flexible/high-speed WSS
Adaptive routing for signal
delivery to suitable sites.
WSS-based WDM routing
WDM-RoF Network
Activate
radio head
Millimeter-wave high-capacity radio (>1 Gb/s)
High-speed signal transport and adaptive routing with tracking the location of the trains.
R&D of high-precision imaging technology using
90 GHz band linear cells
This study was conducted as part of the research project “R&D of high-precision
imaging technology using 90 GHz band linear cells,” supported by the Japanese
Government funding for “R&D to Expand Radio Frequency Resources” from the
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
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FOD Detection using Millimeter-wave RoF
for Airport Runways
MIC-PJ
※
W-band FM-CW radar with many small RAUs. => Low-cost semiconductor amplifiers
can be used.
FM signal is distributed using RoF. => RF signal sources and signal processors can be
shared with RAUs.
Foreign Object
Debris (FOD)
Radio-over-Fiber
•
•
•
•
Millimeter wave radar
Low operation cost
Low radio-wave emission
Scalability:
•
•
Aler
t
High-performance systems for busy airports
Low-cost systems for local airports
Agile scan capability
※This research was conducted as part of the project
entitled “Research and development of highprecision imaging technology using 90 GHz band
linear cells,” with funding from “Research and
Development to Expand Radio Frequency
Resources” supported by the Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications, Japan.
25
Configuration of RoF-based Radar
System
Antenna
RoF signal
generator
FFT/DSP
for imaging
Optical fiber
PD
HPA
Leak (~ -20dB)
E/O
ADC
Diode
(or Mix)
LNA
Reflected (<-40dBm)
Heterodyne
• Downlink (from CO to RAU): Analog-RoF
• Uplink (from RAU to CO): Digitized RoF or
conventional 10GbE
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FOD Experiment @CU Saraburi
2015 July
Campus
@Churalonkong University Saraburi
CU,NiCT,ENRI and Hitachi Ltd.
HITACHI, NICT, ENRI, RTRI
2015. All rights reserved.
HITACHI, NICT, ENRI, RTRI
2015. All rights reserved.
Site overview
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Range Resolution
8cm
HITACHI, NICT, ENRI, RTRI
2015. All rights reserved.
29
Imaging by using two radar units
130m（+5dBsm）
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Preliminary data from two radar units
Range resolution 1.8cm
Angular resolution 0.8deg
130m x sin 0.8deg = 1.8m
1m
-1m
-3m
133m
130m
127m
Preliminary data from two radar units
Range resolution 1.8cm
Angular resolution 0.8deg
Geometric mean of two images
130m x sin 0.8deg = 1.8m
1.2m
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Issues
•
•
•
•
•
Interfaces between RoF and digital networks
RoF network archtechture
Control of cells and networks
Requirements on RoF links
Measurement techniques for RoF components
– APT Report on Characteristics and Requirements of Optical and
Electric Components for Millimeter-wave Radio on Fiber systems
ASTAP/REPT 3
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