Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
Impacts of Taipei-Yilan Highway on Social and
Service-Sector Changes
Chih-Hsien Chen
Yilan Plain early barrier due to geographical factors and limitations,
resulting in the commercial development retardation and young
population exodus. Therefore, transportation and economic
development has been the fervent hope of Yilan. However, the
improvement of transportation is not just a space changes with
shortening of travel time, but also affect people's life, economic, and
social environment. This article aims to explore the difference of
social environment and service-sector in Yilan County between before
and after the opening of the Taipei-Yilan Highway (TYH), including
from expectations, impact to the cognitive process. This study
conducted longitudinal analysis with telephone interviews, the time
period including 2006, before the opening of TYH, and after the
opening of TYH in 2009 and 2012. In the social aspects of the
long-term changes of Yilan County, "shorten the living gap between
Yilan and Taipei" and "promote the metropolitan nightlife into Yilan"
appeared significant impact, and the impact is positive. However,
"metropolitan consumption patterns into Yilan" and "outreach road
and railway usage is low" also appeared a significant impact, but the
impact is negative. In the service-sector impact of TYH, in addition to
"finance and insurance industries", the perception of Yilan citizens on
the other service industries is significantly affected, and significantly
believed to bring positive influence.
Keywords: Taipei-Yilan
Service-Sector Change
Highway,
Longitudinal
Analysis,
Social
Impact,
1. Introduction
Yilan County is located in the northeast corner of Taiwan, with a land area about
2,143,320 square kilometers. The Yilan east facing the Pacific Ocean, north, west,
south, surrounded by mountains on three sides (including snow-capped mountains
and the Central Mountain Range); therefore, Yilan represents a complete and closed
geographical environment. Transport is one of the necessary drivers for industrial
development, meanwhile, Yilan Plain early due to the geographical barriers limited
the development opportunities of Yilan. It would take more than two hours between
Yilan and Taipei because the traffic is inconvenient, in the past, resulting in the
industrial and commercial development limitation and the outflow of young workers;
therefore, the improvement of transport and economic development is the common
expectations of Yilan citizens.
After years of efforts, traffic obstacles were overcome because the Taipei-Yilan
Highway (TYH) is opened to traffic, resulting in the distance of space and time
between Taipei and Yilan shortened significantly. Google map shows, the distance
_______________________________
Chih-Hsien Chen, Fo-Guang University, Taiwan.
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
from Taipei City Government to Chiaohsi train station is 44.8 km, 76.4 km, and 98.7
km respectively, passing through the TYH, Taipei-Yilan road, and coastal road. After
consideration of the factors of the road and speed limit, furthermore, the driving time
passing through TYH is less than one half passing through Taipei-Yilan road or
coastal road.
The length of TYH is 54 km, it's the first highway across the east-west of Taiwan links
Taipei City, New Taipei City and Yilan County. Declared after about 10 years of
planning and evaluation, the environmental impact assessment was passed in 1991,
TYH was opened to traffic on June 16, 2006. There are five tunnels across the
Hsuehshan (Xueshan) mountain along the TYH, including Nangang Tunnel, Shiding
Tunnel, Wutu Tunnel, Pengshan Tunnel, and Hsuehshan Tunnel. Moreover, the
Hsuehshan Tunnel, a total length of 12.9 km, is known worldwide for the construction
of the high degree of difficulty. It is the longest tunnel in Taiwan, the second longest
road tunnel in Asia, and the world's fifth longest road tunnel.
The opening of TYH, not just changes in the space, or transportation tool change.
For Yilan, TYH affects the lifestyle changes for the relatively closed Yilan residents,
as well as a comprehensive and deeply affected by the economic, social and
environmental ecology. After the opening of TYH, because of the rapid increase of
one day and two days tour, the tourists demands of transportation, catering and
tourism are also increasing significantly. These demands resulting in a peak and
off-peak gap in transportation, catering and tourism , besides, the imbalance
development of urban and rural and social changes are the emerging and important
issues for Yilan local governance.
Behind in local governance, cognition and perception to people is one of the
important reference for local government administration. Then, this study employed
the longitudinal method to explore the differences among the expectations, impact,
and long-term changes for social environment and industrial structure of Yilan.
Therefore, this study has two purposes: First, to explore the perception differences
on social impact of Yilan citizens between before and after the opening of TYH;
second is to explore the cognitive differences for service industry changes before
and after the opening of TYH.
2. Literature Review
Taiwan since TYH opened to traffic, have accumulated a lot of research literature
related to major transportation infrastructure, the following will be divided into two
parts of the literature review. First, investigate the TYH opened to traffic on the
impact of Yilan, second is the impact on the industry due to major transportation
infrastructure.
2.1 TYH Opened to Traffic on the Impact of Yilan
Lin (2008) explore the expectations and cognition of the coming impact of TYH for
Yilan citizens, he discussed the impacts on natural, human, and social environmental
aspects. From the view of residents of Yilan County, he also found that the positive
expectations is greater than negative worries after the opening of TYH on the
environmental impacts.
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
Hsu & Tsao (2007) explore the cognition of the impact on tourism for Suao Township
residents after the opening of TYH, they conducted a questionnaire survey during
July 2006 to May 2007. Its findings show a strong positive impact to economy
feelings, followed by social and cultural, minimum experience in the environmental
aspect. Meanwhile, the strongest negative perception is the environment aspect,
followed by economic aspect and social/cultural experience.
Chen et al. (2008) explore the impact of the economic benefits for Yilan couty after
the opening of TYH. Their findings, after the opening of TYH, the characteristics of
tourists in Yilan come to the changes, including 21-30 year-old females, level of
education is universities and unmarried, two days tour, and accommodation prices
between NT$ 2,001 to NT$ 3,000.
Wu and Shih (2012) found that, after the opening of TYH, the duration of stay for tour
is reducing, the travel patterns appeared significant difference among the age,
education level, area of residence, peer type, and child-friendly of tourists.
2.2 Major transportation infrastructure impact on the industry
Huang et al. (2010), investigated the changes in population structure before and
after the completion of TYH. The study indicated that the labor force has been mainly
based on commercial areas. GÜlcan et al. (2009) tried to find out the important
industry in the area of Aegean Sea in Turkey and the impact on the value-added of
tourism industry from the government investment. The study revealed that tourism
industry, especially for the hotel service, is the basic industry in the area of Aegean
Sea by the analysis of LQ during 1995 to 2001.
Miller et al. (1991) indicated that LQ has been widely used in studying economic
geography and local economic. The data can be used to determine the number of
work force, factories, productivity, or operating income. Moineddin et al. (2003)
compared the difference of employment ratio between local county and whole nation.
The value of LQ more than 1 indicated that basic industry is more emphasized, there
are more labor force for this industry, the employment opportunities or industry
cluster is better than expected and the extra works are provided, the goods and
services can be distributed to other areas to bring profits.
Chen et al. (2012) also indicated that the basic industries can export outputs to other
areas, rather than the basic industries, non- basic industries means supporting basic
industries. They used location quotient (LQ) to analyze the services industry
changes due to the opening of TYH in Yilan County around 2003-2010 period. The
results found that hospitality industry is the important basic industry for Yilan County.
3. Methodology
This study employed the telephone interview method to reveal the impact of
Taipei-Yilan Highway on social and service-sector changes. Firstly, collecting
relevant literatures for the awareness and expectations of social environment and
services changes during before and after the opening of the TYH. Secondly, through
the systematic random sampling, interviews Yilan's citizens to conduct the
longitudinal analysis.
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
Investigations in the social environment, the study applied the Social Change Scale
for Yilan in Lin (2008). This scale includes: 1.shorten the living gap between in Yilan
and Taipei, 2.the metropolitan nightlife into Yilan, 3. the metropolitan consumption
patterns into Yilan, 4. Speculation soared rose the Yilan real estate, 5. existing
outreach road and railway usage low. Through statistical analysis to explore the
trends of Yilan residents' cognitive and expectations for the impacts on humanities
and social environment after the opening of the TYH.
In the service sector survey, this study applied 9 questions based on the services
standard classification of government. The scale includes: 1.the effects of wholesale
and retail trade, 2. the effects of transportation and warehousing, 3. the effects of
hotel industry, 4. the effects of food and beverage industry, 5. the effects of financial
and insurance, 6. the effects of real estate, 7. the effects of education services, 8. the
effects of health care and social work, 9. the effects of arts, entertainment and leisure
industry.
The object of this study was to interview citizens in 12 townships in Yilan County,
including the Yilan City, Luodong Town, Toucheng Town, Yuanshan Township,
Sanxing Township, DongShan Township, Suao Township, Jiaoxi Township,
Jhuangwei Township, Wujie Township, Datong Township, and Nan'ao Township. The
respondents must live in Yilan County and more than twenty years old. In order to
reveal the cognition and perception to citizens of the impact on Yilan industry and
social environment after the opening of TYH,, this survey includes three parts,
namely: 1. the cognition and perception of with/without experience changes and the
intensity of changes on social environment, 2. the cognition and perception of
with/without experience changes and the intensity of changes on service industry, 3.
demographic information of respondents.
The survey conducted the telephone interview via Computer Assisted Telephone
Interview (CATI) system. CATI is a system of telephone access to the questionnaire,
so that access quickly and to ensure the quality of investigation. It is a computerized
telephone access to the operating system developed using computer-assisted
telephone survey; combination of computer, telephone equipment and
communications technology. There are five steps for executing CATI, firstly,
questionnaire is entered into the computer system; secondly, interviewers dial to the
respondents according to the sampling of CATI in accordance with the instructions
on the screen; thirdly, questionnaires access by computer display; fourthly, click the
respondents answer directly on the computer; fifthly, after the interview, the data
directly turned into the computer analysis.
The population of this survey is all the residential telephone directory in Yilan County.
Following the stratified systematic sampling method, a detailed description is divided
into three stages. In the first stage, first of all, divide Yilan County population into 12
layers according to the administrative region and calculate the ratio of population
aged 20 or older; followed, according to the ratio to calculate the number of samples
of each layer for next stage sampling. The second stage is systematic sampling, first
of all, according to the page number of phone book and the number of samples for
every township, selecting a number randomly to determine the average interval of
pages out of a sample; followed by a random column and random number for the
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
sample of respondents in each page. In the third stage, type the extracted telephone
number into the phone database, followed by choosing randomly a new number for
the last two codes of the prior sampling number to generate a new telephone
number of respondents.
Such sampling can cover all residential telephone in Yilan County, because the
numbers not registered in the telephone directory of the phones also have the same
probability of respondents. In addition, preventing sampling may encounter an empty
telephone number, not at home, refusing to be interviewed and other conditions, the
sample database of telephone number run up to 15 times of sample size. The phone
number is accessed randomly by the computer system and assigned to the
interviewers.
4. Findings
4.1 Profile
The survey is expected to conduct 1,200 respondents, actually, the 1,203
respondents were successfully interviewed. Refusing to be interviewed sample,
including refusing to be interviewed and unsuccessful interview, with 2770 samples,
so the successful access rate was 30.3 %. In addition, the invalid samples, including
respondents who were not in, non-residential telephone, empty number, fax and
answering machine, no answer, busy, unable to determine whether there qualified
respondents et al., with 14,029 phone numbers. Telephone interview survey, the
inspector confirmed data integrity, rationality, and consistency and make logical
proofreading and review. Goodness-of-fit test showed that there is no significant
difference between population and samples in gender and age.
The demographic information of respondents are described below:
(1) Gender: male 46.1%, female 53.9%.
(2) Age :20-29 years old, the lowest proportion of respondents 11.1%; 30-39 years
and 60 years the proportion of about 18%; 40-49 ratio up to 26.3% of respondents;
aged 50-59 accounted for 24.1%.
(3) Education: senior high school education were the highest proportion of 32.1%,
the junior high school and university ratio is about 17% respectively, college and
elementary school education was 15.4% and 12.4% respectively, above the
master degree was 4.5%.
(4) Occupation: the non-economic producers was the highest proportion of 35.4%,
arts, entertainment, and recreation employees was the lowest proportion of 1.7%.
4.2 Impacts on Social Changes
Table 1 showed the perception profile of impact on social environment due to the
opening of TYH conducted in 2006,2009,2012 respectively. The impact on social
environment includes shorten the living gap between in Yilan and Taipei, the
metropolitan nightlife into Yilan, the metropolitan consumption patterns into Yilan,
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
speculation soared rose the Yilan real estate, and existing outreach road and railway
usage low. Both the data of 2006 and 2009 is cited from Lin (2008, 2009), meanwhile,
this study conducted telephone interviews during June 28 to July 5 in 2012, from
18:00 to 21:00.
Table 1:
The Perception Profile of Impact on Social Environment Due To TYH
Shorten
living gap
affected
Metropolitan Metropolitan Real estate Outreach
nightlife
consumption
soaring
transport
73.4%
61.9%
72.4%
80.8%
43.7%
806
455
713
633
311
71.8%
47.3%
64.6%
52.8%
47.2%
317
506
391
565
348
28.2%
52.7%
35.4%
47.2%
52.8%
unaffected
26.6%
38.1%
27.6%
19.2%
56.3%
affected
59.0%
42.2%
61.5%
73.3%
90.2%
461
254
397
310
463
87.8%
73.4%
72.2%
46.3%
69.7%
64
92
153
359
201
12.2%
26.6%
27.8%
53.7%
30.3%
unaffected
41.0%
57.8%
38.5%
26.7%
9.8%
affected
95.8%
84.9%
92.8%
88.4%
85.8%
984
478
618
389
368
90.8%
51.5%
59.2%
39.1%
40.7%
100
451
426
605
536
9.2%
48.5%
40.8%
60.9%
59.3%
4.2%
15.1%
7.2%
11.6%
14.2%
positive
2006
negative
positive
2009
negative
positive
2012
negative
unaffected
According to Table 2 shows that, whether in the surveys of 2006, 2009 or 2012, more
than half of the citizens appeared significantly affected and also appeared
significantly to good effect in the variable of "shortening the gap between Taipei and
Yilan due to TYH" and "consumption patterns in the metropolitan into Yilan". As for
the TYH opened to traffic on "the metropolitan nightlife into the Yilan" view, only in
2006 and 2012, more than half of the citizens appeared significantly affected, and in
2006 a significant worry will bring negative effects. In the TYH opened to traffic on
"speculation soaring rising of Yilan Real Estate", the matter in 2006, 2009 or 2012,
more than half of the citizens appeared affected significantly, and in 2006 will bring
significant look good influence, but in 2009 and 2012 significant that bring negative
influence. Finally, only in the surveys of 2009 or 2012, more than half of the citizens
appeared significantly affected in the variable of "Outreach transport usage is getting
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
low", and in 2009 will bring significant positive effects, but in 2012 significant that
bring negative effects.
Table 2: Longitudinal Analysis of Impact on Social Environment Due to TYH
2006
% t-value
affected 73.4% 16.02**
Shorten
positive 71.8% 14.93**
living gap
negative 28.2% -14.93
**
Metropoli- affected 61.9% 8.14
tan
positive 47.3% -1.82
nightlife negative 52.7% 1.82*
Metropoli- affected 72.4% 15.37**
tan
positive 64.6% 10.00**
consumpnegative 35.4% -10.00
tion
affected 80.8% 21.09**
Real
estate
positive 52.8% 1.95*
soaring negative 47.2% -1.95
affected 43.7% -4.35
Outreach
positive 47.2% -1.92
transport
negative 52.8% 1.92*
2009
% t-value
52.8% 1.82*
87.8% 24.92**
12.2% -24.92
36.5% -8.92
73.4% 15.43**
26.6% -15.43
55.1% 3.34**
72.2% 14.62**
2012
%
t-value
90.1% 26.43**
90.8% 26.87**
9.2%
-26.87
77.2% 17.93**
51.5% 0.96
48.5% -0.96
86.8% 24.25**
59.2% 6.06**
27.8% -14.62
40.8%
-6.06
**
82.6%
39.1%
60.9%
75.1%
40.7%
59.3%
21.49**
-7.16
7.16**
16.54**
-6.12
6.12**
66.9%
46.3%
53.7%
82.2%
69.7%
30.3%
11.11
-2.41
2.41**
21.24**
13.00**
-13.00
Note: **: P-value<.01
Also, according to the respondents of Yilan citizens in 2012, this study conducted
long-term trend analysis for the five social environmental impacts cognition, as
shown in Table 3. Table 3 presents, only "Real estate soaring" didn't appear
significant difference in affected impact and positive effects in the initial cognition
from 2006 to 2009 for the opening of TYH impact on social environmental changes.
In the late cognition from 2009 to 2012 for the opening of TYH impact on social
environmental changes, only "shorten living gap" appeared significant difference in
positive effects. In the long-term trend from 2006 to 2012, "shorten living gap" and
"Metropolitan nightlife" appeared significant difference of positive effects, but
"Metropolitan consumption" and "Outreach transport" appeared significant difference
of negative effects.
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
Table 3: T-Test for the Longitudinal Analysis of Social Environment Impact
Shorten living gap
Metropolitan
nightlife
Metropolitan
consumption
Real estate
soaring
Outreach
transport
affected
positive
affected
positive
affected
positive
affected
positive
affected
positive
2009 vs. 2006 2012 vs. 2009 2012 vs. 2006
t-value
t-value
t-value
**
**
-10.35
21.43
10.79**
9.74**
2.29*
12.21**
-12.49**
21.48**
8.23**
13.17 **
-11.16**
2.00**
-8.70**
17.66**
8.83**
3.90**
-6.61**
-2.71**
-7.59**
8.76**
1.16
**
**
-3.10
-3.49
-6.77**
20.80**
-4.19**
16.46**
11.18**
-14.60**
-3.19**
Note: *: P-value<.05, **: P-value<.01
Table 3 also showed, there exists three social impacts appeared significant
difference both in the late cognition and long-term trend, including "shorten living
gap", "Metropolitan nightlife", and "Metropolitan consumption". Thus, this study also
prepared a service-sector changes scale based on the standard service-sector
classification of government to explore the deeper reasons for the cognition
difference in living gap, nightlife, and consumption pattern.
4.3 Impacts on Service-sector Changes
In the perspective of service-sector changes, according to the results of this
telephone interview, in addition to "Financial and Insurance" and "science and
technical service", all the other service-sectors will be affected and significantly
believed to bring good influence due to the opening of TYH. Table 4 also shows, the
public opinion of the TYH opened to traffic affected by the top three as "catering",
"lodging industry", "arts, entertainment and leisure services", percentages were
94.3%, 89.3%, 83.5% respectively.
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
Table 4: TYH Opened to Traffic Impact of the Service-Sector Industries
%
affected
Wholesale/
positive
retail
negative
Transport/ affected
warehousi- positive
ng
negative
affected
Hotel
positive
negative
affected
Food/bevepositive
rage
negative
affected
Financial/
positive
insurance
negative
75.4%
81.6%
18.4%
82.2%
92.6%
7.4%
89.3%
77.8%
22.2%
94.3%
94.8%
5.2%
43.9%
85.2%
14.8%
%
16.74**
20.82**
-20.82**
21.23**
28.09**
-28.09**
25.89**
18.35**
-18.35**
29.17**
29.53**
-29.53**
-4.03
23.22**
-23.22**
affected
Real
positive
estate
negative
affected
Education positive
negative
Hhealth affected
care/soci- positive
al work
negative
Arts/ente- affected
rtainment/ positive
leisure
negative
t-value
81.5%
74.6%
25.4%
70.7%
86.5%
13.5%
79.1%
90.5%
9.5%
83.5%
93.6%
6.4%
20.74**
16.21**
-16.21**
13.61**
24.04**
-24.04**
19.20**
26.72**
-26.72**
22.11**
28.76**
-28.76**
4.4 Compare with LQ analysis
Chen et al. (2012) performed the LQ analysis for service industries in Yilan, in terms
of employed persons by industry in Yilan county, the t-test of the changes in LQ
values has revealed that the hospitality, health care/social welfare, and
art/entertainment/leisure industries appeared significant difference between before
and after the opening of TYH. Based on the data of registered incorporation in Yilan
county, the t-test of the changes in LQ values has revealed that the wholesale/retail,
transportation/warehousing, hospitality, finance/insurance, real estate, and
art/entertainment/leisure industry appeared significant difference between before
and after the opening of TYH. Table 5 presented the significant difference in LQ
between before and after the opening of TYH, the sign of * and ** showed the
significant difference in the significance level of 0.05 and 0.01 respectively.
Table 5 also showed, regardless of the LQ survey and telephone interview survey,
both
the
hospitality—hotel,
food
and
beverage
industry—and
arts/entertainment/leisure industry appeared significant difference simultaneously
due to the opening of TYH.
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
Table 5: Significant Difference for the Service-Sector Industries
LQ
Telephone interview
Employment Incorporation
Affected Positive
population registered
Wholesale /retail
**
**
**
transportation/warehousing
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
hotel industry
food/beverage
financial/insurance
real estate
health care/social work
arts/entertainment/leisure
**
**
*
*
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
Note: *: P-value<.05, **: P-value<.01
5. Conclusions
According to the investigation and empirical results of this study, in the social
aspects of the long-term changes of Yilan County, the public remarkable that
"shorten the living gap between in Yilan and Taipei" and "brought the metropolitan
nightlife into Yilan" have a significant impact, and the impact is positive. For the
"metropolitan consumption patterns into Yilan" and "existing outreach road and
railway usage low", appearing a significant impact, but the impact is negative. As for
the "soared rising of Yilan real estate", although not completely presents a significant
influence, but may still have a significant impact in the future, and for the negative
effects.
However, the study also conducted a survey of service-sector changes in order to
reveal the relationship between the changes in the social environment and in
service-sector industries. The results showed that, in addition to "finance and
insurance industries", the perception of Yilan citizens on the "wholesale and retail
trade", "transportation and warehousing industry", "hotel industry", "food and
beverage industry", "real estate" , "education services", "health care and social work",
"arts, entertainment and leisure services" will be significantly affected, and
significantly believed to bring positive influence. Among them, the public opinion of
the TYH opened to traffic affected by accounting for 94.3% of the "food and
beverage industry" was the highest, 89.3% of the "hotel industry", followed by
addition of 83.5% of the "Arts, entertainment and leisure services". In addition,
70.7% of the "Educational services" and do not have a significant impact of "Finance
and Insurance" 43.9%, compared to the relative minimum. Contrast LQ literature
findings with this study, "hotel industry", "food and beverage industry", and "arts,
entertainment and recreation industry" does possess a significant impact.
Therefore, this article inferred that because of TYH, makes "shorten the living gap
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Proceedings of 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference
13 - 14 June, 2013, Radisson Blu Hotel, Beijing, China, ISBN: 978-1-922069-26-9
between in Yilan and Taipei" and "brought the metropolitan nightlife into Yilan" have
a significant impact on Yilan, and "Hotel and Food/beverage Services" and "Arts,
Entertainment, and Recreation service" also has a significant impact, both with a
high degree of correlation and causation.
According to Friedmann (1963) proposed the Core-Periphery model shows that, with
the transportation revolution, the boundary between urban and rural will become
blurred or disappeared, possibly reconstruct a new metropolitan area . Therefore, to
explore space integration and shortening the gap between urban and rural, will be an
important issue and research topics in the further. TYH opened to traffic impact is not
only a single area (Yilan County), near the area also has a considerable impact, they
need more cities around Yilan joint consultation integration, such as the
improvement of traffic outside the cities, the industry development policies and
integrated tourism planning and so on, also the future research directions.
References
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