International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Analytical Investigation Of Bonded Glass Fibre
Reinforced Polymer Sheets With Reinforced
Concrete Beam Using Ansys
1
1
T.Subramani , J.Jayalakshmi2
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India
2
PG Student of Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College,
Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India
ABSTRACT
The application of G l a s s fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) to existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) structural elements
as external reinforcement has b e c o m e popular and f r e q u e n t l y applied in recent years. An analytical and experimental
study has been carried out to investigate the behavior of concrete beams bonded with strengthened Glass FiberReinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets on all sides with different thickness of the plate under loading. The finite element
program ANSYS has been used to study the Strengthened behavior of a beam. Several investigators carried out experimental
and/ or theoretical investigations on concrete beams and columns retrofitted with glass fibre reinforced polymer composites in
order to study their effectiveness. The analysis has been carried out for the comparison and the study of effect of GFRP. The
beams modeled in ANSYS for the various conditions.
Keywords: Analytical Investigation, Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheets , Reinforced Concrete Beam, Ansys
1 INTRODUCTION
Upgrading of reinforced concrete structures may be required for many different reasons. The concrete may have
become structurally in adequate for example, due to deterioration of materials, poor initial design and/or
construction, lack of maintenance, upgrading of design loads or accident events such as earthquakes. In recent
years, the development of GFRP and strong epoxy glue has led to a technique which has great potential in
the field of upgrading structures. Basically the technique involves gluing GFRP plates to the surface of the
concrete. The plates then act compositely with the concrete and help to carry the loads. The use of GFRP to repair
and rehabilitate damaged steel and concrete structures has become increasingly attractive due to the well known good
mechanical properties of this material. The advantages are very high strength to density ratio, corrosion
resistance, reduced maintenance costs and faster installation time compared to conventional materials. The
application of GGFRP as external reinforcement to strengthen concrete beams has received much attention from
researchers, but only very few studies have focused on structural members strengthened after preloading. The behavior
of structures which have b e e n p r e l o a d e d u n t i l c r a c k i n g i n i t i a t e s d e s e r v e s m o r e attention, since this
corresponds to the real-life use of GFRP retrofitting.
2. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Finite element analysis has been performed to model the Strengthened behavior of the beams. The FEM package
ANSYS/standard has been used for the analysis [2]. The analysis is done for the various conditions. The conditions
are;
1. Plain cement concrete beam
2. Plain cement concrete beam externally bonded with GFRP
3. Reinforced concrete beam
4. Reinforced concrete beam externally bonded with GFRP
2.1 Material properties and constitutive models
2.1.1 C o n c r e t e
Under uni-axial tension the stress–strain response follows a linear elastic relationship until the value of the failure
stress is reached. The failure stress corresponds to the onset of micro- cracking in the concrete material. The elastic
parameters required to establish the relation are elastic modulus, Ec, and tensile strength, fct. The compressive strength
was in the experimental work measured to be 70 MPa. The density of concrete is taken as 24 kN/m3 & 25 kN/m3 for
plain
cement
concrete
and reinforced concrete beam respectively. Poisson ratio of 0.18 is used. Material
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Properties For Concrete given in Table.2.1.
Table.2.1: Material Properties For Concrete
S.No
NAME
VALUE
1
Young’s Modulus
30e11N/m2
2
Poisson Ratio
0.2
3
Density
2400Kg/m3
2.1.2 S t e e l reinforcement
The steel is Strengthened up to yield point as shown in fig.6. The elastic modulus of 210 GPa and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3
was used for the steel reinforcement. The density of steel used as 78.5 kN/m3. The steel reinforcement is embedded
in concrete. Material Properties For Steel given in Table 2.2
Table 2.2: Material Properties For Steel
S.No
NAME
VALUE
1
Young’s Modulus
2E11N/m2
2
Poisson Ratio
0.3
3
Density
7850Kg/m3
2.1.3 G F R P
The GFRP material was considered as Strengthened elastic isotropic until failure. The elastic modulus in the fibre
direction of the unidirectional GFRP material used in the experimental study has been specified by the manufacturer as
165 GPa.This value for E and m = 0.3 has been used for the isotropic model. Material Properties For GFRP given in
Table 2.3
Table.2.3: Material Properties For GFRP
S.No
NAME
VALUE
1
Young’s Modulus
26e11N/m2
2
Poisson Ratio
0.28
3
Density
1.8e-6Kg/m3
2.1.4 G F R P –concrete interface
In the model the interface was modelled cohesive zone model. Tie constraints are used for attaching the GFRP
plate to the concrete beam. For the cohesive model the coupled stiffness coefficients are; Knn=9.285,
Kss=11.0714, Ktt = 11.0714, Kns=6.785, Knt=6.785, Kst =6.785.
2.2 M ode l i ng of beams
The Strengthened analysis has been done for the above mentioned four conditions. The analysis has been carried out
for the comparison and the study of effect of GGFRP. The beams modelled in ANSYS for the various application of
loading boundary conditions are shown in from Figure.2.1 to Figure 2.26.
Figure.2.1 Meshing of Plain cement concrete beam
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
Figure.2.2 Deflection of Plain cement concrete beam
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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
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Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
Figure2.3. Von Misses Stress of Plain cement concrete beam
Figure.2.5. Deflection of Plain cement concrete beam
with GFRP for 2mm
Figure.2.9. Meshing of Plain cement concrete beam
with GFRP for 3mm
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Figure.2.4. Meshing of Plain cement concrete beam
with GFRP for 2mm
Figure.2.6 Von Misess Stress of Plain cement concrete
beam with GFRP for 2mm
Figure.2.10. Deflection of Plain cement concrete beam
with GFRP for 3mm
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Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
Figure.2.11. Von Misess Stress of Plain cement concrete
beam with GFRP for 3mm
Figure.2.13. Deflection of Plain cement concrete
beam with GFRP for 4mm
Figure.2.15 Meshing of Reinforced concrete
beam without GFRP
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Figure. 2.12 Plain cement concrete beam with
GFRP for 4mm
Figure.2.14. Von Misess Stress of Plain cement concrete
beam with GFRP for 4mm
Figure.2.16 Deflection of Reinforced concrete
beam without GFRP
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Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
Figure.2.17 Von Misess Stress of Reinforced concrete
beam without GFRP
Figure.2.19. Deflection of Reinforced concrete
beam with GFRP for 2mm
Figure.2.21. Meshing of Reinforced concrete beam with
GFRP for 3 mm
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Figure.2.18. Meshing of Reinforced concrete
beam with GFRP for 2mm
Figure.2.20. Von Misess stress of Reinforced concrete
beam with GFRP
Figure.2.22. Deflection of Reinforced concrete beam with
GFRP for 3 mm
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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
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Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
Figure.2.23.Von Misesess Stress of Reinforced concrete
beam with GFRP for 3 mm
Figure.2.25. Deflection of Reinforced concrete
beam with GFRP for 4 mm
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Figure..2.24.Meshing of Reinforced concrete
beam with GFRP for 4 mm
Figure.2.26 Von Misess Stress of Reinforced concrete
beam with GFRP for 4mm
2.3 A n a l y t i c a l results
The analytical results of the beams for the various conditions are shown in Table.2.4.
Table 2.4 The analytical results of the beams for the various conditions
Sl.
N
O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
YOUNGS
MODULUS
RCC-W/O GFRP
RCC-2MM GFRP
RCC-3MM GFRP
RCC-4MM GFRP
PLAIN
CONCRETE
W/O GFRP
CONCRETE
WITH
GFRP
2mm
CONCRETE
POISONS
RATIO
GFRP26e11N/m2
GFRP-0.28
STEEL2E6N/m2
STEEL-0.3
CONCRETE30E11N/m2
CONCRETE0.2
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
DEFLECTION
DENSITY
GFRP-1.8e-6 Kg/m3
STEEL-7850Kg/m3
CONCRETE30E11Kg/m3
SMX
N/m2
DMX
In (m)
446.69
3707
3787
428.393
314.688
.103e-6
.235E-09
.231E-09
.985E-07
.168E-06
662.707
.251e-9
645.639
.244e-9
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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
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Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
8.
WITH
GFRP
3mm
CONCRETE
WITH
GFRP
4mm
571.19
ISSN 2319 - 4847
.131e-6
3. SCOPE AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
In future analytical result has been compared with experimental setup of the beam with above said combination of
the analysis done in the l oa d-deflection c a s e . The c om p a r i s on i n cl udes t h e l oa d- deflection of RCC and RCC
beam are carried out for future conclusion of construction in civil engineering as part of commercial work. For both
the cases the experimental results and analytical results are coinciding for the linear case which subject to maximum
loading in structure.
4. INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS
The ANSYS program has many finite element analysis capabilities, ranging from a simple, linear, static analysis to a
complex non – linear, transient dynamic analysis.
A typical ANSYS analysis has three distinct steps:
 Building the model
 Applying loads and obtains the solution
 Review the results.
BUILDING THE MODEL:
Building a finite element model requires a more of an ANSYS user’s time than any other part of the analysis. First
you specify the job name and analysis title. Then, define the element types, real constants, and material properties, and
the model geometry.
4.1 ANSYS
ANSYS, Analyzing Software, has been used in this project. ANSYS Mechanical software is a comprehensive FEA
analysis (finite element) tool for structural analysis, including linear, nonlinear and dynamic studies. The engineering
simulation product provides a complete set of elements behavior, material models and equation solvers for a wide range
of mechanical design problems. In addition, ANSYS Mechanical offers thermal analysis and coupled-physics
capabilities involving acoustic, piezoelectric, thermal–structural and thermo-electric analysis. The ANSYS Mechanical
software suite is trusted by organizations around the world to rapidly solve complex structural problems with ease.
Structural mechanics solutions from ANSYS provide the ability to simulate every structural aspect of a product,
including nonlinear static analysis that provides stresses & deformations, modal analysis that determines vibration
5. CONCLUSION
Rehabilitation by GFRP has proven itself to be a better feasible option than ot h er methods. So the future prospects
for the utilization of GGFRP in Civil engineering infrastructure are good. Researchers around the world are now
looking at the new and innovative ways of utilization of the same. The behavior of concrete beams strengthened
with GGFRP unidirectional composite laminates have been studied. GFRP pasted beams behaves better than
the RCC beam. Deflections in the beams retrofitted with GFRP are less than RCC beam. Failure has occurred in
the rehabilitated beam due to the delaminating of GGFRP plate. The delaminating is occurred due to the stress
concentration at the ends of the plate. From the finite element analysis the RCC with GFRP has the higher stiffness
than all other cases. For the same load the RCC beam with GFRP have the less stresses and strains. In the
comparison cases both experimental and analytical results are coinciding. Therefore the FEA software ANSYS can
use effectively for the beam analysis.
REFERENCES
[1]. Alexander, J.G.S. “Shear strengthening of small scale concrete beams with carbon fibre reinforced plastics sheets,”
Proceedings of Annual Conference of Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Vol. 2, No. A, pp. 167-178, 1996.
[2]. Al-Sulaimani, G.J., Sharif, A.M. Basunbul, I.A., Buluch, M.H and Ghaleb, B.N. “Shear repair for reinforced
concrete by fiberglass plate bonding,” ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 458-464, 1994.
[3]. Arduini, M. and Nanni, A. “Behavior of precracked RC beams strengthened with carbon FRP sheets,” Journal of
Composites for Construction, ASCE, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 63-70, 1997.
[4]. Banthia, N., Yan, C. and Nandakumar, N. “Sprayed FRPs for repair of concrete structures,'' Proc., 2nd
International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials, ACMBS 2, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering,
Montreal, pp. 537-546, 1996.
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
ISSN 2319 - 4847
[5]. Subramani,T and Athulya Sugathan, “Finite Element Analysis of Thin Walled- Shell Structures by ANSYS and
LS-DYNA”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research,Vol.2, No.4, pp 1576-1587,2012.
[6]. Subramani.T , Kumaresan.A, “ Advanced Cable Stayed Bridge Construction Process Analysis with ANSYS”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume. 4, Issue.6 (Version 1), pp 28-33, 2014,
[7]. Subramani.T , Senthil Kumar.R, “Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Composite Joint Using Fem in ANSYS”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6 (Version 1), pp 41- 46, 2014.
[8]. Subramani.T, Arul.A "Design And Analysis Of Hybrid Composite Lap Joint Using Fem" International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 289- 295, 2014
[9]. Subramani.T, Manivannan.R, Kavitha.M, "Crack Identification In Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Ansys
Software" ,International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 6), pp
133 - 141, 2014.
[10]. Subramani.T, Subramani.M, Prasath.K,"Analysis Of Three Dimensional Horizontal Reinforced Concrete Curved
Beam Using Ansys" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version
6), pp 156 - 161, 2014.
[11]. Subramani.T, Bharathi Devi.K, Saravanan.M.S , Suboth Thomas4, Analysis Of RC Structures Subject To
Vibration By Using Ansys,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Vol. 4, Issue
12(Version 5), pp.45-54, 2014.
[12]. Subramani.T, Krishnan.T, Saravanan.M.S , Suboth Thomas, “Finite Element Modeling On Behaviour Of
Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joints Retrofitted With CFRP Sheets Using Ansys” International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5), pp.69 -76, 2014
[13]. Subramani.T, Krishnan.S, Saravanan.M.S, Suboth Thomas “Analysis Of Retrofitting Non-Linear Finite
Element Of RCC Beam And Column Using Ansys” International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5), pp.77-87, 2014.
[14]. Subramani.T, Reni Kuruvilla, Jayalakshmi.J, “Nonlinear Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Column With Fiber
Reinforced Polymer Bars" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Volume. 4, Issue. 6
(Version 5), pp 306- 316, 2014.
[15]. Subramani.T, Sakthi Kumar.D, Badrinarayanan.S "Fem Modelling And Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Section
With Light Weight Blocks Infill " International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4,
Issue. 6 (Version 6), pp 142 - 149, 2014.
AUTHOR
Prof. Dr.T.Subramani Working as a Professor and Dean of Civil Engineering in VMKV Engg.
College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India. Having more than 25 years of
Teaching experience in Various Engineering Colleges. He is a Chartered Civil Engineer and
Approved Valuer for many banks. Chairman and Member in Board of Studies of Civil
Engineering branch. Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses of Civil
Engineering in number of Universities. Life Fellow in Institution of Engineers (India) and
Institution of Valuers. Life member in number of Technical Societies and Educational bodies. Guided more than 400
students in UG projects and 150 students in PG projects. He is a reviewer for number of International Journals and
published 102 International Journal Publications and presented more than 25 papers in International Conferences.
J.Jayalakshmi Completed her Diploma in Civil Engineering in Periyar Maniyammai Girls
Polytechnic College. Vallam, Thanjvur. She completed her BE Degree in branch of Civil
Engineering in VMKV Engineering College, Salem. She was worked as a Lecturer about 5
years in Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Ploytechnic College, Perambalur. She published 8
International Journal Publications. Currently she is doing M.E in the branch of Structural
Engineering in the division of Civil engineering in VMKV Engineering College, Salem.
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
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