International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management
for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013)
WEB BASED SUBSTATION MONITORING
AND PROTECTION AND CONTROL
1
Sandeep Phalke,2Ashish Bist, 3Nitishsingh Bawangad, 4Neelam Kolhatkar, 5Prag Upadhye.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5- Student, GNIET, Nagpur.
phalkesandeep25@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new sub-station monitoring system which utilizes the web. Now a days in substation, there
is at least one operator for measuring parameter like voltage, current, temperature & humidity etc. belonging to
transformer and other equipments. This can affect the transformer and parallax error too. So by using this
project (WEB BASED SUB-STATION MONITORING,CONTROL AND PROTECTION) it can minimize above
error and improve the stability, efficiency etc. In this project, sensors are used to sense the parameters of
transformer such as (VOLTAGE, CURRENT, HUMIDITY, TEMPERATURE etc.) this sensed data is sent to the
MICROCONTROLLER. And this controller compares all required parameters and differences which will
transfer to LCD, DRIVER and RS-232. This further connects with the PC or LAPTOP. This collected data will
further send to the server which is located at any part of world through internet communication. Delivery of these
reports via the internet makes sure that the right information is in the hand of the people who can use it to best.
This helps the organization make more informed decisions in all departments.
Keywords: Substation, Protection, Control, Monitoring, Web.
1. INTRODUCTION:In this project, It has been collecting all the information Of required parameters for e.g. temperature, pressure, level,
humidity, voltage, current, vibration, movement, etc. by using Microcontroller which is further connects with the PC or
laptop. This collected data will further send to the server which can be situated at any part of world through internet
communication. Valuable production information is analyzed by shift, day, machine, facility, and enterprise to deliver
the level of detail required to empower the decisions of Owner, shift managers, quality technicians, plant managers, Vice
Presidents. These reports tie in the data for various productivity tools in order to maximize the value of all information.
Every system is automated in order to face new challenges in the present day situation. Automated systems have less
manual operations, so that the flexibility, reliabilities are high and accurate. Hence every field prefers automated control
systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are doing better performance. The system is able to
provide the following benefits for utilities: warning and alarm in real time, measured and registered data of loadings,
reactive power, earth current and power quality at the transformer sub-station, and more reliable and effective
maintenance. The WEB BASED SUB-STATION MONITERING SYSTEM offers several advantages over more
traditional methods.
Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management
for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
2. DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM
The general block diagram of the system is as shown in figure above. In web base substation monitoring, the various
parameter such as voltage, current, humidity, level and temperature of a substation transformer is sensed by their related
sensor. For ex. Temperature is sensed by temperature sensor for e.g.(LM35),PT100,THERMOCOUPLE,etc. Humidity
sensor module SY-HS-230. Light is measured with LDR(light dependent resistance), The output produced by sensor is
in the form of voltage or current. Current is sensed by current transducer (WCS 1702) and humidity sensor is used to
sense the moisture level inside the transformer oil tank & voltage is directly checked across the load. This all quantities
are in analog form. This can never read by microcontroller. So all these analog signal are converted into digital signal by
the use of inbuilt ADC of PIC . These digital formed signals are transferred to the microcontroller.LCD is interfaced with
microcontroller to display all the monitored parameters. This is available at output port of microcontroller. According to
change in input depending on the sensors is then processed further as explained above & displayed on 16*4 display.
Simultaneously all these parameters are send to PC/laptop by interfacing a MAX-232 IC. (PC side monitoring by visual
basic program). Microcontroller PIC 18F2520 is heart of whole system, if the microcontroller fails to work by any mean,
then the whole system will not work. The microcontroller verifies i/p parameters and compare with the settled reference
values.(set by the user inside the microcontroller program) if the logged data is abnormal to the system in that case the
action (such as buzzer, relay) will driven by Driver IC(ULN2803). To run all this electronic component, it is required
regulated +5V, 750MA power supply. Three terminal voltage Regulator (lm7805) is used for voltage regulation. And
bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the AC output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. The
circuit diagram is as shown below.
Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management
for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.COMPONENT SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION:3.1 POWER SUPPLY:It is operated at constant power supply of 5 volts to all the electronic circuits. In this we are using a step-down voltage
transformer which converts 220V to 12V and it is further connected to voltage regulator IC which converts 12 volt DC
to 5 volt irrespective of any fluctuation in input voltage between 6 volt to 12 volt through various capacitors.
3.2 SENSORS :Various sensors are used to sense the parameters of the transformer. Humidity sensor, temperature sensor, current
transducer, etc. are used to give the accurate values in output of the parameters.
3.2.1 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management
for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013)
We are using the temperature sensor as shown in figure above.Temperature of the hydrocarbon oil in
transformer and circuit breaker is sensed and with the help of connecting wires it is transferred to the
LCD or the connected PC. It also consider the temperature of the surrounding and helps in
maintaining the temperature inbetween the maximum or minimum limit.
3.2.3 HUMIDITY SENSOR
Humidity Sensor Module SY-HS-220
Humidity of the Hydrocarbon oil is measured with the humidity sensor shown in figure above. High humidity
leads to failure of the dielectric strength and consequently the device failure, it sense and give continuous
results of humidity in oil.
3.2.3 CURRENT TRANSDUCER
WCS1X00
Figure:4.
It is used to measure the value of current flowing in every phase of a transformer. We have used current
transducer because it works on AC and DC both and it is cheaper.
3.3 DRIVER:As microcontroller is not capable of driving high voltage device like fan and light directly, hence we used a
Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management
for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013)
relay to switch on/off the device. But microcontroller gives Max. 5V/20 mA atits port output and the relay
used if of 12 volt, hence driver IC converts 5V signal to 12 volts. It is shown in figure below.
3.4 LCD:-
It is used to display voltages, currents of every phase and humidity, level, temperature and other parameters of the
hydrocarbon oilsensed through the sensors in transformer and other electrical equipments.
3.5 MICROCONTROLLER:We used a PIC MICROCONTROLLER to execute the number of operation of the system. It is a 8-bit microcontroller
having 32 kb flash ROM ,2 kb of EEPROM and 1.2 kb of RAM .it has 28 pins, out of them 25 pins are useable as digital
input/output as well as all the pin have various functions like ADC, COMPARATER ,TIMERS etc.
.
Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management
for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013)
3.6 MAX232:The max232 is a dual driver/ receiver that includes capacitive voltage generator to supply voltage levels from a single 5
volt supply. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input level into TIA/EIA-232-f levels.
4. PROJECT OBJECTIVE:The main objective of this project is to minimize the work related to the maintenance of the sub-station. Valuable data is
provided of every auxiliary (transformer) in sub-station to analyze the value of various parameters in the auxiliary
(transformer) to monitor its working day and night and for analysis in future. It will result in efficient working of substation and less man power. The data of the sub-station is present on web which can be observed and monitored at any
place.Monitoring & tripping of circuit in transmission & distribution sector. The fault will be under control.It helps to
improve the power system of the sub-station. Custom reports can be created upon request.Automation is present in every
sector now-a-days so automation in monitoring of sub-station will lead to flexibility, reliability, accuracy increment. In
the field of electronics automation is increasing day by day.
5. EXPERINMENTAL RESULTS:The results of Finland experiment on an distribution transformer by Wimotic.Ltdfor about two years has shown to
functionproperly and fully compatibly with the GSM and GPRSradio networks of the largest commercial mobile phone
operators in Finland, i.e., Radiolinja Ltd., Sonera Ltd, andDna Finland Ltd.In practice, the benefits of the monitoring
system haveshown to be useful in giving accurate and real-time informationon distribution transformers such asvoltage,
Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management
for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013)
current, temperature etc. So with the help of WEB no network problem will be associated with it and it will be more
efficient in work.
6. APPLICATIONS:It can be used in Electrical substations for its monitoring, protection, and control. This project can be used in industries
where lot of machineries run on heavy power as it monitors all the machines process. Large scale industry and small
scale industry can use it for its safety. Automation of any small area where many electrical devices are present can be
done for e.g Process Controlling Unit. Real-time reporting of production information can be observed and Custom
reports can be created upon request. Integrates work orders, production orders, quality, downtime and process parameter
results.
7. CONCLUSION:It may reduce human efforts with the automation of the substation which increase transformer life, reduce faults and
increase stability. It increases the efficiency of the system. This leads to accurate and reliable operations.Fast and easy
monitoring round the clock throughout the year with more efficient way as compared to existing manual monitoring of
the sub-station.
8. REFRENCES:[1] Timo T. Vekara, “REMOTE MONITORING SYSTEM
member,IEEE,Seppo Pettissalo and N.Rajkumar,member,IEEE.
FOR
TRANSFORMER
SUBSTATION”
[2] Jacques Beaupre(Project Engineer)Hydro-Quebec unite commande Ingenierie“ADVANCED MONITORING
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUBSTATION” 1860,BOUL.lionel-Boulet Varennes, Quebec, Canada.
[3] Yves CHOLLOT - Martine PAULETTO,“WEB BASED
ANDMAINTENANCE” Schneider electric industries-france.
SUBSTATION
REMOTE
MONITORING
AUTHOR
Sandeep Phalke, is Final Year Student of Department of Electrical Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute ofEngineering &
Technology, Nagpur. He is perusing his project study in the area of web based substation monitoring, protection and control
System.
Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India