c1C.S.5(.,
School of
LMRARY
Marine Science Laboratory
Oregon State University
'JUL
s 1916
OCEANOGRAPHY
A COMPILATION OF
OBSERVATIONS FROM MOORED
CURRENT METERS
Volume IX
Currents, Temperature and Pressure
In the Drake Passage
During F DRAKE 75
January-March 1975
by
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
R. D. Pillsbury
J. S. Bottero
R. E. Still
Data Report 65
Reference 76-6
June 1976
National Science Foundation
Grant No. 10074-12558 A01
School of Oceanography
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
A COMPILATION
OF OBSERVATIONS
FROM MOORED CURRENT METERS
VOLUME IX
CURRENTS, TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
IN THE DRAKE PASSAGE
DURING F DRAKE 75
January - March 1975
by
R. D. Pillsbury
J. S. Bottero
R. E. Still
Data Report 65
Reference 76-6
June 1976
National Science Foundation
Grant No. ID074-12558 A01
This data report printed on recycled paper.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
Introduction
1
The Current Meter Program
1
Description of the Processed Data
1
Acknowledgments
5
References
5
Installations
Tide Gauge 2
9
Installation 1
13
Installation 3
47
Installation 6
65
Installation 7
79
Installation 11
87
Installation 13
95
Installation 15
113
Appendix A
119
Appendix B
123
Abstract
Self-recording instruments were installed in the Drake
Passage in February 1975. Approximately one-half were part
of a short-term array (3 + weeks) and were all successfully
recovered in March 1975. The remainder are part of the
long-term array which was recovered in January 1976.
The short-term array consisted of 2 subsurface tide
gauges, 16 Aanderaa current meters and 8 General Oceanics
current meters. The sampling interval of the instruments
was one hour. The data are shown here through pertinent
statistics, real time plots, progressive vector diagrams,
stick figures of filtered data, and rotary spectra.
Introduction
During January - March 1975 a field experiment designed to study circulation and transport processes in the region of the Drake Passage began.
This experiment called F DRAKE 75 was a part of the International Southern
Ocean Studies (ISOS), a component of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration. The goal of this experiment was to understand the time and space
scales of the flow near the Drake Passage. The data collected will also contribute to the knowledge of the distribution of water mass properties and
their dynamics in this important region of the world's oceans.
An extensive hydrographic survey of Drake Passage and the western
Scotia Sea was conducted as a part of F DRAKE 75. The hydrographic data
and chemical data collected will be presented separately in other data reports. There will be three such reports originating from Texas AO, LamontDoherty Geological Observatory and the University of Washington. This volume
presents only the data from current meters and tide gauges installed by OSU.
The Current Meter Program
The array of current meter moorings installed in the Drake Passage is
shown in Figure 1. The array, which included 43 current meters and 4 subsurface tide gauges, was installed in February 1975. It was a mixture of
long- and short-term moorings. The short-term moorings were recovered at
the end of the cruise while the long-term moorings were recovered in
January 1976.
All of the current meter moorings were subsurface taut-wire moorings.
Their design followed in large part the Woods Hole intermediate mooring
scheme (Heinmiller and Walden, 1973). Most of the current meters used were
Aanderaa RCM5's, but 16 General Oceanics winged current meters were also
deployed. A brief description of these winged meters is given in Appendix
A of this report. A description of the Aanderaa meter is given in Pillsbury et al. (1974).
The Aanderaa current meters recorded temperature, speed, and direction
every hour. The Aanderaa tide gauges recorded pressure averaged for 400
seconds once every hour. This tide gauge is described in Appendix B of
this report. Of the two gauges recovered at the end of the cruise, only the
one near Cape Horn worked. The operating periods for the current meter
moorings are shown in Figure 2.
Description of the Processed Data
OSU current meters and tide gauges were calibrated before and after
the experiment. All measuring units exhibited satisfactory reproducible
data. The method of calibration and subsequent procedure of data processing
are generally described in Pillsbury et al. (1974). The calibration of the
LATITUDE
0
1
56°S
58°
60°
62°S
Cope Horn
Aa B•
000
4
6
0
3
0
2000
E
I
•
7
5
8
•
0
•
O
3000
•
4000
•' • Long Term Current Meter
•• 0 Short Term Current Meter
A
Tide Gauge
Figure I. Distribution of Moored Instruments During F DRAKE 75.
3
F DRAKE CURRENT METER ARRAY
FEB
15
I
MAR
22
I
I
I
7
I
15
22
I
I
30
Mooring Nos.
one
three
six
seven
eleven
thirteen
fifteen
I
15
FEB
22
I
7
1
15
MAR
I
22
30
Figure 2. Operation time of the differer moorings during F DRAKE 75.
4
tide gauges was done by Aanderaa Instruments Ltd., Victoria, B. C., Canada,
using a Barnet dead weight tester. The pressure gauges are capable of
resolving pressure changes resulting from 1/2 cm changes in water depth.
The narrow range of temperatures expected in the Drake Passage allowed
us to restrict the range of the temperature measuring portion of the Aanderaa
current meters. Not all of our meters could be so equipped but those which
could were narrowed to -2°C to +6°C range. The resolution for this range is
+ 0.008°C. The calibrations were done with an NBS traceable quartz thermometer, and the pre- and post-calibrations agree within + 0.02°C on average.
Data from each installation are presented separately. The header page
gives information about the location of the string, the data interval, and
a general statement about the kind and quality of the data. The depth of the
meters in this experiment is subject to greater errors than we would like.
None of the meters were equipped with pressure sensors. The bathymetry near
each mooring showed a good deal of local relief. A small scale bathymetric
survey was done for many of the moorings and where this was done, with the
assumption of a 10% mooring length fallback the depths are probably within
50 m of the depth indicated. The header page indicates our best estimate
of the depth and the accuracy of that depth.
Each meter has a serial number assigned to it by the manufacturer.
Each successive tape recorded by that machine is numbered with the serial
number and the tape number. Thus, 485/10 indicates the tenth tape from
machine number 485.
The table of statistics following the data page gives the arithmetic
mean, the standard deviation, the skewness, kurtosis, the maximum value and
the minimum value.
Real time plots of the values follow the table of statistics. For
ease of comparison, the plots of the currents have been grouped by true
east-west (U) components and true north-south (V) components.
In the General Oceanics current meter a watch is photographed each
time the tilt and direction are photographed. Because the watch was known
to be more accurate than the camera timer, each sample time is taken from
the time indicated by the watch. There was a nonuniform spacing of these
sample times, and in order to simplify the analysis, the data were interpolated to a uniform sample interval.
U and V in the short-term General Oceanics records were interpolated
to a 10-minute sample interval using a 4 point Lagran g ian fit. Given
y 4 at times t l , t 2 , t l , t4 an interpolated
measured values y l , y 2 , y
value y* at time t* was calculated with the equation:
5
((t* - t2 )
(t* - t3 ) * (t* - t 4 )) * y 1 /((t, - t 2 ) * (t 1 - t 3 ) *
(t 1 - t4 )) + ((t* - t 1 ) * (t* - t 3 ) * (t* - t 4 )) * y 2 /((t 2 - t 1 ) *
(t2 - t 3 ) * (t 2 - t4 )) + ((t* - t 1 ) * (t* - t 2 ) * (t* - t4 )) *
y 3/((t 3 - t1 ) * (t 3 - t 2 ) * (t3 - t4 )) + ((t* - t 1 ) * (t* - t 2 ) *
(t* - t3 ))
y4/((t4 - t 1 ) * (t4 - t 2 ) * (t4 - t3))
t < t* < t 3 for all except the first and last few points of the series.
2 — — 3
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The funds for the program came from the National Science Foundation
grant ID074-12558 A01, a support which is gratefully acknowledged. Many
thanks go to B. Moore and D. Barstow for the calibration and preparation
of the instruments. Appreciation also is expressed to D. Root and W. E.
filbert for their assistance in the data processing. Special thanks are
due to K. Tamura who typed this report, and C. Christenson for the final
layout and editing of the data. Finally, but by no means last, we gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of Captain Alan W. Phinney and his crew
from R/V MELVILLE which made the cruise F DRAKE 75 so enjoyable as well
as successful.
REFERENCES
Heinmiller, R. G. and R. G. Walden. 1973. Details of Woods Hole moorings.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report 73-71. 19 pp.
Pillsbury, R. D., J. S. Bottero, R. E. Still and W. E. Gilbert. 1974. A
Compilation of Observations from Moored Current Meters, Vol. VI,
Oregon Continental. Shelf, April - October 1972. School of Oceanography, Corvallis. Data Report 57. Reference 74-2.
7
INSTALLATIONS
9
1975 F DRAKE Tide Gauge 2
Position: 56°02.0'S, 67°05.6'W (6,4 miles SE of Cape Horn)
Depth of Water: 103 m
Set at 1735 UCT 20 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 1255 UCT 16 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 1907 UCT 20 February to 1207 UCT 16 March
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
100 m
TG Serial No./Tape No.
52/2
Pressure was recorded every hour. The pressure recorded was
integrated for 400 seconds by the tide gauge so that each
value recorded is an average for 400 seconds just prior to
the hour recorded. The gauge measures and records the absolute h y drostatic pressure with a precision of about one part
in 10 5 , but it is calibrated to an accuracy of one part in
10'. For this particular gauge the accuracy is about + 2.7 cms.
10
Tide Gauge 2
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
108.4
0.4
-0.1
2.1
MAX
MIN
109.3
107.4
570
13
1975 F DRAKE Installation 1
Position: 56°45.3'S, 66°32.3'W
Depth of Water: 3183 m
Set at 1539 UCT 21 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 1355 UCT 17 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 1730 UCT 21 February to 1730 UCT 27 February
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
2700 m
503/25
Data were recorded at one hour intervals. Temperature, current speed and direction were measured until the instrument
malfunctioned on 27 February.
Intended Depth
150
200
300
700
1200
1700
2200
General Oceanics meter
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
Data were recorded at one hour intervals. Current speed and
direction were measured. All instruments gave good data except
B which failed after 20 days and C which failed after 21.5 days.
STATION ONE
2700 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
S (cm/sec)
8.2
3.2
U (cm/sec)
4.4
V (cm/sec)
T Water (C)
KURT
MAX
0.7
3.0
16.7
2.0
145
4.1
-0.3
2.8
14.6
-7.2
145
4.2
4.8
0.1
2.5
15.6
-5.8
145
1.89
0.03
-0.54
2.95
1.94
MIN
1.81
N
145
150 m
S (cm/sec)
14.4
6.8
0.1
2.5
35.5
0.4
2953
U (cm/sec)
2.3
10.4
0.3
2.5
35.3
-19.5
2953
V (cm/sec)
7.8
8.9
-0.1
2.4
29.7
-18.5
2953
200 m
S (cm/sec)
14.6
6.4
0.2
2.7
36.5
0.6
3180
U (cm/sec)
-0.4
9.9
0.4
2.7
33.7
-29.6
3180
V (cm/sec)
8.6
9.0
-0.3
2.6
31.9
-27.5
3180
300 m
S
(cm/sec)
13.5
6.3
0.4
3.1
35.3
0.3
3420
U
(cm /sec)
1.7
9.7
0.3
2.7
33.0
-26.4
3420
V
(cm/sec)
7.0
8.7
-0.1
2.4
31.1
-25.9
3420
700 m
S (cm/sec)
8,4
6.6
1.0
3.1
36.2
0.1
3420
U
( cm/sec)
1.3
5.9
0.4
4.2
26.9
-17.1
3420
V
(cm/sec)
5.2
7.2
0.9
3.4
33.0
-11.3
3420
15
1200 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
S (cm/sec)
10.6
4.9
0.6
3.7
29.7
0.1
3421
U (cm/sec)
1.0
6.5
0.2
2.4
19.0
-15.7
3421
V (cm/sec)
0.6
9.7
0.4
2.4
29.3
-18.4
3421
MIN
N
1700 m
S (cm/sec)
11.1
4.6
0.3
3.1
29.7
0.3
3420
U (cm/sec)
4.7
5.9
-0.2
2.6
24.6
-14.7
3420
V (cm/sec)
0.8
9.3
0.3
2.1
27.1
-18.7
3420
2200 m
S (cm/sec)
11.2
6.4
0.6
3.2
34.5
0.3
3425
U (cm/sec)
4.7
5.9
0.1
2.7
23.7
-15.2
3425
V (cm/sec)
6.8
7.9
0.1
3.0
34.3
-13.4
3425
1 6
20
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
-20
U COMPONENT. 2700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
20
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
-20
V COMPONENT. 2700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
DEGREES C.
23
25
27
TEMPERATURE. 2700 M AT F DRAKE STN
LLP CURRENT AT 2700 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. TAPE 503/25
10 -
0
1
22 23 24 25 26 27 20
25
20
15
5
10
15
20
-5
2700
M
AT F DRAKE STN 1, 6 DAYS STARTING 1730 21 FEB 75
25
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1, 21 FEB TO 27 FEB 75. TAPE 503/25
10000 -
1000
100 -
10
-0,12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0,02
0
0,02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
30
20
IN)
ti
10
CM/SEC
4
-10
fII
-20
U COMPONENT. 150 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
30
20
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
-20
U COMPONENT. 200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
21 22 23 24 25 26 22 28 1
2
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
30
20
10
CM/SEC
0
f
(
jk
-10
-20
U COMPONENT. 300 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
20
10
CM/SEC
-10
-20
U COMPONENT. 700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
II
-I-
4--
-I--
I
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1
2
3
4 5
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
20
N.)
N.)
10
L M/SEC
0
-10
-20
U COMPONENT. 1200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
20 -
10
CM/SEC
0
--10
-20
U COMPONENT. 1700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
20 10 CM/SEC 0
-10 -20 U COMPONENT. 2200 M RT F DRAKE STN 1.
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1
2
3 4
7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
CM/SEC
V COMPONENT. 150 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
30
20 Vr\
10
CM/SEC
0
I
4
I
4
4
-10 -
-20 V COMPONENT. 200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
-1-
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
30
20
10
CM/SEC
--10
—20
V COMPONENT. 300 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
30
20 —
10
J
CM/SEC
—10
V COMPONENT. 700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
1------121 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
I")
cry
30
20
10
M. St C
0
-10
-20
V COMPONENT. 1200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
3°T
20 t
10
ri/SEC
0 -
-10 -
-20
V COMPONENT. 1700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
--I---F
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1
2
4
5
6
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
30
20
10
1/SEC
0
-10
COMPONENT. 2200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
-4-21 22 23 24 25 26
27
28 1
2
3 4 5
6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
LLP CURRENT AT 150 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. G.O. B
20
10
0
-10
LLP CURRENT AT 200 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. G.O. C
20
10
0
-10
23 24 25 26 22 28 1
•
2
3
4
5
6
2
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
LLP CURRENT AT 300 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. G.O. F
20
10
1111tV
0
■\,\I ./".4,1
'Apr
-10
LLP CURRENT AT 700 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. G.O. E
20
14.1
10
C.)
1 1 i /,_.
///,./A\
d111
-10
23 24 25 26 27 28 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
LLP CURRENT AT 1200 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. G.O. G
20
11.1
tr3
10
0
I1///1111lla
. \\\\\\\‘
\\I "\\%\174/
-1 0
LLP CURRENT AT 1200 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. G.O. I
20 10
U)
0
-10
\-,N
\\
\
\\\
\
\
\
\
\
\ \ %V
\\ \\ \
23 24 25 26 22 28 1
6
2
8
9
10
11
12 13 14 15 16 12
LLP CURRENT AT 2200 METERS. F DRAKE STN 1. G.O. D
20
10
0
I
i
I ////1/
-10
23 24 25 26 27 28 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
32
1 -25
150 rl RT F DRRKE STN
20,0 DRYS STRRTING 2238 21 FEB 75
33
-25
25
1-25
200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21.5 DRYS STARTING 2330 21 FEB 75
34
I -25
300 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 23.2 DAIS STARTING 2339 21 FEB 75
35
- 120
-20
20
40
- -20
700 11 AT F DRAKE STN 1. 23.2 DAYS STARTING 2335 21 FEB 75
36
- 18
- -54
1200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 23.2 DAYS STARTING 2337 21 FEB 75
37
20
-20
-60
1700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 23.2 DAYS STARTING 2340 21 FEB 75
38
- 150
25
-25
50
75
100
-25
2200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1.
,3 DAYS STARTING 2334 21 FEB 75
ROTARY SPECTRUM
150 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21 FEB TO 13 MAR 75. G.O. B
10000
10
-0.12 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21 FEB TO 16 MAR 75. G.O. C
10000 =
1
-0.12 -0.10
-0.08
-0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0,02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
300 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21 FEB TO 17 MAR 75. G.O. F
10000 -
10
-0.12 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21 FEB TO 17 MAR 75. G.O. E
10000
1-
-0,12 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0,04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
1200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21 FEB TO 17 MAR 75. G.O. G
10000
1.
-0.12 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
Lk)
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
ROTARY SPECTRUM
1700 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21 FEB TO 17 MAR 75. G.O. I
10000 =
1
-0.12 -0.10
-0.08
-0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2200 M AT F DRAKE STN 1. 21 FEB TO 17 MAR 75. G.O. 0
10000
-0.12 -0.10 -0.08
-0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
4=,
47
1975 F DRAKE Installation 3
Position:
57°25.7'S, 65°40.3'W
Depth of Water: 3181 m
Set at 1805 UCT 22 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 2255 UCT 17 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 2057 UCT 22 February to 2057 UCT 17 March
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
1581
2081
2581
3081
m
m
m
m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No
501/29
442/24
485/28
486/24
Data were recorded once every hour. All meters measured
current speed, current direction and temperature.
A careful comparison of the Aanderaa recorded temperatures
and nearby bottle cast and STD temperatures indicates that
the depths shown as intended depths are about 500 m too
shallow. Thus the actual depths are about 2080, 2580, 3080,
and 3580 meters.
48
STATION THREE
1581 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
S (cm/sec)
13.6
7.0
0.6
3.1
38.8
1.5
553
U (cm/sec)
4.9
10.3
-0.1
2.5
29.1
-21.1
553
V (cm/sec)
3.2
9.7
0.4
2.9
32.1
-21.5
553
T Water (C)
1.85
0.06
0.16
2.44
MAX
1.98
MIN
N
1.70
553
2081 m
S (cm/sec)
10.0
5.4
0.6
2.5
25.7
0.7
553
U (cm/sec)
1.4
8.8
0.0
3.0
23.6
-23.7
553
V (cm/sec)
1.2
7.0
0.0
2.8
22.5
-18.9
553
T Water (C)
1.64
0.08
0.26
2.39
1.82
1.49
553
2581 m
S (cm/sec)
8.1
4.5
1.3
5.4
27.9
0.7
552
U (cm/sec)
1.0
7.1
-0.5
3.2
15.1
-26.3
552
V (cm/sec)
-1.4
5.8
0.5
5.0
23.9
-18.6
552
0.11
0.41
2.72
T Water (C)
1.31
1.56
1.11
552
3081 m
S
(cm/sec)
503
3.3
1.4
5.5
22.3
0.7
552
U
(cm/sec)
-1.0
4.8
-0.5
3.8
12.6
-16.8
552
V (cm/sec)
-0.7
3.9
0.1
3.3
14.6
-11.4
552
0.02
0.73
3.19
T Water (C)
1.01
1.10
0.96
552
30 -
20 -
10 CM/SEC
0
-10 -
- 20 -
- 30 U COMPONENT. 1581 11 AT F DRAKE STN 3_
30
20 -
10 -
CM/SEC
0
- 10 -20
-30
22
1
4
25
28
U COMPONENT. 2081 M AT F DRAKE STN 3
5
10
15
30
20
10
CH /! ) L C
0
- 10
-
-20 -
-30 -
U COMPONENT. 2581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3.
U COMPONENT. 3081 M AT F DRAKE STN 3.
30 20 10
0
-10 -20 -30 -
V COMPONENT. 1581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3.
20 -
10 0
-10 -20 22
25
28
V COMPONENT. 2081 M AT F DRAKE STN 3
10
/11111
15
CM/SEC
V COMPONENT. 2581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3.
20
10
CM/SEC
-10
-20
22
25
28
1
V COMPONENT. 3081 M AT F DRAKE STN 3.
5
10
15
2.0
1.9
DEGREES C.
1.8
1.7
1.6
TEMPERATURE. 1581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3
2.0 -
1.9
1.8
DEGREES C.
1.7 -
1
.6 -
1
.5 -
1.4
22
25
28
TEMPERATURE. 2081 M AT F DRAKE STN
5
3
---4----
10
15
1
.6 -
1.5
1
DEGREES C.
.4 -
1
1.3 -
1
.2 -
1.1 -
1.0-
4
4
4
I
I
I4
TEMPERATURE. 2581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3.
1.1
DEGREES C.
1.0
0.9
4-
22
4-
25
-4---
-4-
28
-4-
I
I
TEMPERATURE. 3081 M AT F DRAKE STN 3.
5
I
I
-I-----
I
10
I
15
4
-I
LLP CURRENT AT 1581 METERS, F DRAKE STN 3. TAPE 501/29
20 -
10
I\,„\ 1 ///,
0
-10
-1-
LLP CURRENT AT 2081 METERS, F DRAKE STN 3. TAPE 442/24
20 -
10
0
1
-10
-20
24 25 26 27 28
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2:
LLP CURRENT AT 2581 METERS, F DRAKE STN 3. TAPE 485/28
10
a
-10
24 25 26 27 28 1
2
3
4
5
7
6
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
LLP CURRENT AT 3081 METERS, F DRAKE STN 3. TAPE 486/24
10 -
0
–„\r-
-
I \\
1 ' \\W
`,•\
-10
I
I
+
24 25 26 27 28
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
57
80
-20
20
40
60
80
-20
1581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3, 23 DAYS STARTING 2057 22 FEB 75
100
58
T
40
-10
10
20
30
- -10
2081 N AT F DRAKE STN 3, 23 DAYS STARTING 2100 22 FEB 75
59
10
-10
-30
2581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3. 23 DAYS STARTING 2102 22 FEB 75
60
5
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
5
- -20
3081 M AT F DRAKE STN 3, 23 DAYS STARTING 2104 22 FEB 75
ROTARY SPECTRUM
1581 M AT F DRAKE STN 3. 22 FEB TO 17 MAR 75. TAPE 501/29
10000 -
10
-0.12
-0,10
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0.12 al
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2081 M RT F DRAKE STN 3, 22 FEB TO 1? MAR 75. TAPE 442/24
10000
1
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0,04
-0,02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2581 M RT F DRAKE S/N . 22 FEB TO 17 MAR 75. TAPE 485/28
10000
I
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
1
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
3081 M AT F DRAKE STN 3. 22 FEB TO 17 MAR 75, TAPE 486/24
1000
1
-0,12
-0,10
-0,08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0,04
0.06
0,08
0.10
0,12
65
1975 F DRAKE Installation 6
Position: 58°22.3'S, 65°09.0'W
Depth of Water: 3581 m
Set at 1248 UCT 24 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 1128 UCT 18 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 1510 UCT 24 February to 0910 UCT 18 March
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
1530
2030
2530
3030
m
m
m
m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
500/31
453/33
488/18 (failed)
489/26
Data were measured at one hour intervals. All instruments
recorded current speed and direction, and temperature,
except the 2530 m machine, which failed to return useable
data after 2.8 days.
66
STATION SIX
1530 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
MIN
N
S (cm/sec)
8.0
3.6
0.5
3.3
19.6
0.7
523
U (cm/sec)
-0.7
6.3
0.5
2.8
18.1
-16.1
523
V (cm/sec)
0.5
6.0
0.2
2.2
15.7
-12.2
523
T Water (C)
2.08
0.03
-0.13
2.32
2.14
2.01
523
2030 m
S (cm/sec)
4.1
2.5
1.0
4.1
13.4
0.7
523
U (cm/sec)
0.2
3.8
0.6
3.4
12.4
-8.5
523
V (cm/sec)
1.0
2.8
0.3
2.8
9.1
-5.8
523
T Water (C)
1.82
0.03
-0.16
2.71
1.92
1.76
523
2530 m
S (cm/sec)
3.5
1.6
0.1
2.2
7.0
0.7
66
U (cm/sec)
0.5
3.1
0.0
1.7
6.3
-4.6
66
V (cm/sec)
-0.2
2.2
0.1
1.8
3.8
-4.5
66
0.01
-0.22
3.39
1.70
T Water (C)
1.67
1.63
66
3030 m
S (cm/sec)
4.8
2.5
0.7
3.5
13.8
0.7
523
U (cm/sec)
-1.7
3.5
0.1
2.8
8.9
-11.0
523
V (cm/sec)
-0.2
3.7
-0.3
2.6
8.1
-11.3
523
0.05
-0.70
2.44
1.17
T ',later (C)
1.08
0.96
523
20
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
V
-20
U COMPONENT. 1530 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
-20
I
25
I
28
I
I
I
I
I
I
5
U COMPONENT. 2030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
I
1
10
1
1
1
I
1
15
1
10
cusEc
0
-10
U COMPONENT. 3030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
20 -
10
GM/SEC
-1 0
-20
25
28
1
5
V COMPONENT. 1530 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
10
15
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
V COMPONENT. 2030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
10
CM/SEC
-10
1
I
25
28
I
1
5
V COMPONENT. 3030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
10
15
2.2
DE
'EES C .
2.1
►
2.0
►
►
TEMPERATURE. 1530 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
DEGREES C.
25
28
I
TEMPERATURE. 2030 m AT F DRAKE STN 6.
10
15
DEGREES C.
I
25
I
I
I
28
I
I
I
I
I
I
5
TEMPERATURE. 3030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6.
I
-I
1
10
15
7'2
-
-7
1530 M RT F DRAKE STN 6. 21.8 DAYS STARTING 1510 24 FEB 75
73
25
-5
5
10
15
- -5
2030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6, 21.8 DAYS STARTING 1512 24 FEB 75
5
-15
3030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6. 21.8 DAYS STARTING 1506 24 FEB 75
ROTARY SPECTRUM
1530 M AT F DRAKE STN 6. 24 FEB TO 18 MAR 75. TAPE 500/31
10000
1000
100
1
0
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0,12
Crl
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2030 M AT F DRAKE SIN 6. 24 FEB TO 18 MAR 75. TAPE 453/33
01
10000 -
0.1
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0,04
-0,02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0,06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
3030 M AT F DRAKE STN 6. 24 FEB TO 18 MAR 75. TAPE 489/26
1000
0
1
-0.12 -0.10
-0.08
-0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0,10
0.12
79
1975 F DRAKE Installation 7
Position: 58°46.5'S, 64°24.0'W
Depth of Water: 3569 m
Set at 2027 UCT 24 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 2235 UCT 18 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 2308 UCT 24 February to 2008 UCT 18 March
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
2519 m
499/23
Data were recorded once per hour. Temperature, current speed
and direction were measured throughout the installation.
80
STATION SEVEN
2519 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
MIN
N
S (cm/sec)
5.8
3.2
1.0
5.0
20.6
0.7
526
U (cm/sec)
2.3
4.0
0.0
4.2
16.4
-11.6
526
V (cm/sec)
-1.9
4.3
0.1
3.2
12.9
-15.1
526
0.03
-0.74
T Water (C)
1.32
3.79
1.40
1.20
526
20
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
-20
U COMPONENT. 2519 M AT F DRAKE STN 7.
20 -
10 -
CM/SEC
0
-10 -
-20 1
25
1
1
I
28
1
1
1
1
►
1
1
I
5
10
15
Co
V COMPONENT. 2519 M AT F DRAKE STN 7.
H
1-
4
25
TEMPERATURE
28
1
2519 M flT F DRAKE STN 7.
LLP CURRENT AT 2519 METERS. F DRAKE STN 7. TAPE 499/23
10
-10 -
26 27 28 1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
84
- 10
-10
-40
2519 M AT F DRAKE STN 7. 21,9 DAYS STARTING 2308 24 FEB 75
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2519 M AT F DRAKE STN 7. 24 FEB TO 18 MAR 75, TAPE 499/23
1000
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0,04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12 g;
87
1975 F DRAKE Installation 11
Position: 60°03.4'S, 63°02.7'W
Depth of Water: 3915 m
Set at 2014 UCT 25 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 1257 UCT 20 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 2303 UCT 25 February to 1003 UCT 20 March
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
2790 m
498/27
Data were recorded at one hour intervals. Parameters
measured were temperature and current speed and
direction.
88
STATION ELEVEN
2790 m
MEAN
S.D.
S (cm/sec)
10.9
5.1
U (cm/sec)
1.2
V (cm/sec)
T Water (C)
SKEW
KURT
MAX
0.6
2.6
26.7
1.4
540
4.2
-0.2
2.3
11.6
-10.4
540
9.7
5.5
0.6
2.6
26.1
-1.2
540
0.68
0.14
-0.01
1.17
0.88
MIN
0.48
N
540
10
CM 3 SEC
-10
U COMPONENT. 2790 M AT F DRAKE STN 11.
30
20
10
CM/SEC
0
25
28
-10
V COMPONENT. 2790 M AT F DRAKE STN 11.
10
15
20
DLDEES C.
0.7 -
0 .6 -
0 .5 -
0.4
1
25
I
I
28
1
I
1
1
I
1
5
1
1
1
TEMPERATURE. 2790 M AT F DRAKE SIN 11.
1
1
1
I0
1
1
1
1
1
15
1
1
20
LLP CURRENT AT 2790 METERS, F DRAKE STN 11. TAPE 498/27
20
10
/Iii/0/1/1/8////
27 28 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
92
-210
-30
30
60
- -30
2790 M RT F DRAKE STN 11. 22.5 DRYS STARTING 2303 25 FEB 75
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2790 M AT F DRAKE STN 11, 25 FEB TO 20 MAR 75, TAPE 498/27
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0,04
-0.02
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
t.0
95
1975 F DRAKE Installation 13
60°45.0'S, 62°14.9'W
Position:
Depth of Water: 3668 m
Set at 1648 UCT 26 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 2108 UCT 20 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 1915 UCT 26 February to 1815 UCT 20 March
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
1178
1678
2178
2678
m
m
m
m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape N o
491/24
493/23
494/24
495/30
Data were recorded once every hour. All meters recorded
temperature, current speed and current direction.
96
STATION THIRTEEN
1178 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
MIN
S (cm/sec)
4.0
3.3
0.7
2.9
15.2
0.7
528
U (cr/sec)
-2.2
3.0
-0.9
3.8
6.2
-13.2
528
V (cm/sec)
-2.3
2.8
-0.6
2.3
4.2
-10.1
528
2.91
1.67
T Water (C)
1.62
0.02
0.46
1.57
528
1678 m
S (cm/sec)
5.7
2.6
0.2
2.7
12.6
0.7
528
'U (cm/sec)
-3.2
3.5
0.5
2.5
6.6
-10.7
528
V (cm/sec)
-2.8
3.0
-0.1
3.0
6.0
-11.0
523
0.02
-0.14
2.87
1.25
T Water (C)
1.19
1.13
528
2178 m
S (cm/sec)
5.6
2.9
0.7
3.0
14.7
0.7
527
U (c ,--/sec)
-3.0
3.4
0.4
2.6
5.5
-10.4
527
V (c ,-/sec)
-3.3
2.9
-0.5
3.0
3.8
-11.5
527
2.85
0.92
T Water (C)
0.87
0.02
0.15
0.82
527
2678 m
S
-/sec. )
6.4
3.4
0.3
2.4
15.7
0.7
528
U
cr''sec)
-2.9
3.7
0.2
2.4
6.4
-10.9
528
V (cr'sec)
-4.5
3.3
-0.1
2.7
3.7
-15.2
528
3.32
0.63
T Water (C)
0.60
0.01
0.96
0.58
528
CM/SEC
U COMPONENT. 1128 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
CM/SEC
1--
1
26
28
1
U COMPONENT. 1678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13_
I0
15
20
10 CM/SEC
0
-10
U COMPONENT. 2128 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
26
28
1
5
U COMPONENT. 2678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
10
15
I
I
1
20
V COMPONENT. 1178 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
10
CM/SEC
0
-10
V COMPONENT. 1678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
10 -
CM/SEC
0
-10
I -126
I
1
28
V COMPONENT. 2178 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
1
10
15
20
20 -
10 -
CM/SEC
0
-10 -
-20 -
V COMPONENT. 2678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
1
)EGREES C.
.7 -
1.6 -
1.5
426
428
+1
TEMPERATURE. 1178 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
10
15
20
EGREES C.
TEMPERATURE. 1678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
1.0
tECREES C.
0.9
0.8
TEMPERATURE.
2178 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
0.7
IEGREES C.
0.6
0.5
26
I
28
5
TEMPERATURE. 2678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13.
I0
I
15
I----4
20
LLP CURRENT AT 1178 METERS, F DRAKE STN 13. TAPE 491/24
10
0
Nllui//////
,.//////1,1•••
-10
11I1IIIIII
28 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
LLP CURRENT AT 1678 METERS. F DRAKE SIN 13. TAPE 493/23
10
-10 IIIIIIII111111
28 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
LLP CURRENT AT 2178 METERS, F DRAKE STN 13. TAPE 494/24
10
0
/17/17//77 / itit
i I I I
si
-10 -
28 1
2
3
4
8
5
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
LLP CURRENT AT 2678 METERS, F DRAKE STN 13. TAPE 495/30
10
-10 -
//////
//////1 /
//////// 111111 \\\\
I
28 1
2
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 04
10
10
-10
-20
-30
-40
± -50
1178 M AT F DRAKE STN 13. 22 DRYS STARTING 1915 26 FEB 75
105
15
15
1 -60
1678 M AT F DRAKE SIN 13. 22 DAYS STARTING 1917 26 FEB 75
106
15
15
1-75
2178 M AT F DRAKE SIN 13. 22 DAYS STARTING 1923 26 FEB 75
107
T 15
15
-15
-30
-45
-60
-75
- -90
2678 M RT F DRAKE STN 13. 22 DRYS STARTING 1925 26 FEB 75
ROTARY SPECTRUM
1178 M AT F DRAKE SIN 13. 26 FEB TO 20 MAR 75. TAPE 491/24
10000
0
.1
-0.12 -0.10
-0.08
-0,06 -0.04
-0.02
0.02
0,04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
1678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13. 26 FEB TO 20 MAR 75. TAPE 493/23
10000
0 .1
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0,04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12 -
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2178 M AT F DRAKE STN 13. 26 FEB TO 20 MAR 75. TAPE 494/24
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2678 M AT F DRAKE STN 13. 26 FEB TO 20 MAR 75. TAPE 495/30
10000 -
0.1
-0.12 -0.10
-0.08
-0.06 -0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0,12
113
1975 F DRAKE Installation 15
Position: 61°21.8'S, 61°38.5'W
Depth of Water: 3794 m
Set at 0359 UCT 27 February by R/V MELVILLE
Retrieved at 1029 UCT 22 March by R/V MELVILLE
Data Interval: 0619 UCT 27 February to 0819 UCT 22 March
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
2744 m
496/27
Data were recorded once per hour. Temperature, current
speed and current direction were measured.
114
STATION FIFTEEN
2744 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
S (cm/sec)
4.7
2.4
U (cm/sec)
3.9
V (cm/sec)
-2.5
1- Water (C)
0.48
KURT
MAX
MIN
N
0.0
2.1
9.4
0.7
555
2.3
0.1
2.0
8.4
0.3
555
1.1
0.3
2.3
-0.3
-4.8
555
0.01
1.12
3.43
0.52
0.46
555
20
CM/SEC
10
U COMPONENT. 2744 M AT F DRAKE STN 15.
CM/SEC
-10
-20
V COMPONENT. 2744 M AT F DRAKE STN 15.
0.6
DEGREES C.
0.5
0.4
I
I
28
+I
5
10
TEMPERATURE. 2744 M AT F DRAKE SIN 15.
15
20
LLP CURRENT AT 2744 METERS, F DRAKE STN 15. TAPE 496/27
10
0
-10
28 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
117
- 15
90
-60
2744 M AT F DRAKE STN 15 . 23.1 DAYS STAR T
4G 0619 27 FEB 25
ROTARY SPECTRUM
2211 M AT F DRAKE STN 15. 27 FEB TO 22 MAR )5, TAPE 496/2)
10000
1000
100
10
1
4-
0 , 1:
-
0,12
-
0,10
I-
-0,08
4-
-0.06
-4--
-0.01
-0,02
4--
0
0,02
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER HOUR
0,04
t
0.06
0.08
0.10
0,12
119
APPENDIX A
N E RAL
ANICS II INC •
Data Sheet *204.72
FILM RECORDING CURRENT METE
5535 Northwest Seventh Avenue
•
Miami, Florida 33127 • U.S.A.
•
Telephone: (305) 754-6658 • Cable: GENOC-MIAl
FILM RECORDING CURRENT METER
Model 2010
The General Oceanics Model 2010 Film Recording Curren
Meter represents a dramatic price breakthrough for instil_
mentation to measure the speed and direction of low velocit
water currents. This remarkably inexpensive current mete
provides data at a fraction of the cost of competitive device:
It may be deployed in larger quantities for higher samplin
densities than would be economically feasible with othe
equipment. The Model 2010 operates on the principle tha
a buoyant wand tethered at one end will deflect into th,
current stream at an angle and direction that are function
of the current speed and direction. The sensing and recorc
ing of this deflection yields information that can be readil
translated into current speed and direction data. A majc
advantage of this technique is the fact that it requires n
external moving parts such as impellers or rotors which ar
highly vulnerable to fouling or impact damage.
Shown Approx. /4 Actual Size
The Model 2010 consists of a buoyant cylindrical housing
containing a directional inclinometer and camera which tc
gether sense and record inclination and compass heading
It is designed to be tethered to a ballast weight for botton
current measurements or attached mid-wire for profile stud
ies. Two vanes affixed to the housing assist orientation ant
stabilization of the current meter within the stream. The
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) housing is rated for operation tl
depths of 50 meters; a deep version of the current mete
(Model 2011) can be supplied in an aluminum housing rate(
for operation to 4500 meters. The aluminum housing i
ballasted to a negative buoyancy which precisely duplicate
the restoring moment of the shallow unit and is designee
for deployment in an inverted position from that describe(
above. Since the external dimensions of the two housing!
are identical, the calibration of the inclination vs. curren
speed is the same for both.
The data logger employs a super 8 cartridge camera that
advances the film in single frame increments with each operation of a solenoid. This solenoid is triggered by a solid
state timing circuit with plug selectable time intervals of
1, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes between photographs for various current measurement requirements. The circuitry is powered by manganese - alkaline batteries which will operate the
unit for on-station periods of up to five months. A small
incandescent bulb is flashed to illuminate the housing interior for each photograph; a second bulb (with appropriate
sensing circuitry) is provided as a redundant light source in
case of bulb failure. The camera uses readily available super
8 film in convenient, daylight loading cartridges. Individual
frames are spaced at 6 frames/inch for a total of 3600
frames in the normal 50 ft. cartridge. Approximately 3500
frames are useable for data records after beginning and end
leaders are taken into account. At the one minute interval,
the film capacity provides just over 58 hours of recording;
a full five months of data can be recorded at the 60 minute
timing interval.
121
The directional inclinometer is a spherically shaped component mounted on the inner face of the lower housing end
cap. The inclinometer design utilizes a transparent, fluidfilled housing containing a neutrally buoyant inner sphere.
This "floating" inner sphere maintains a stable vertical attitude and an orientation towards magnetic north because of
an internal bar magnet whose mounting location gives the
sphere a low center of gravity. The hollow inner sphere is
trimmed to neutral buoyancy by addition of silicone fluid,
which also serves to dampen unwanted oscillations. The
outer housing is filled with water to which a wetting agent
has been added to minimize drag on the inner sphere from
motion of the instrument. A small circular target at the top
of the transparent housing can be viewed against a grid of
precision latitude and longitude lines scribed on the free
inner sphere. When photographed by the camera, this target
mark enables direct reading of the instrument azimuth and
inclination by its position within the grid.
SPECIFICATIONS
Weight: 5.6 kgs. (12.3 lbs.) in air (Model 2010); 8.0 kgs.
(16.7 lbs.) in air (Model 2011).
Buoyancy in Seawater: 1.0 kgs. (2.2 lbs.) positive (Model
2010); 1.0 kgs. (2.2 lbs.) negative (Model 2011).
Exposed. Materials: Polyvinyl chloride (Model 2010) or hardcoat anodized aluminum (Model 2011) housing and end
caps; high density polyethylene vanes; stainless steel
hardware.
Dimensions: 11.4 cm. (41/2") 0.D. x 51 cm. (20") long housing; 20.3 cm. (8") diameter circular sector right angle
vanes tapered to housing base.
Depth Rating: 50 meters (Model 2010) or 4500 meters
(Model 2011).
Inclinometer Range: 0 to 90° from vertical.
Inclinometer Accuracy: +1°.
Speed Range: 0.05 to 1.6 knots.
Speed Accuracy: ±3% of full scale (0.05 knot).
Directional Range: 0 to 360°.
Directional Accuracy: ±5° at inclinations over 10° (0.25
knot).
Time Reference: Battery powered calendar watch with sec-
ond, minute, and hour hands plus date window.
Watch Accuracy: ±0.035% (30 seconds per 24 hours).
Data Recording Medium: Super 8 movie film (Tri-X, B. & W.)
available in 50 ft. pre-loaded cartridges; approx. 3500
data frames at 6 frames/inch (first and last 50 frames
used as leader).
Data Interval: Selectable by interchangeable timing plugs
for 1, 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes between photographs;
ten second cycle without timing plugs for test and
checkout.
Main Battery Supply: Eighteen manganese-alkaline penlight
cells (Mallory MN1500 size AA, or equal).
Battery Operating Life: Five months or, if sooner, 11,000
data records. (Watch battery, one year.)
Mounting: Swivel eye at base of housing for mooring to
ballast weight or mid-wire frame.
Potent Pending
GENERAL OCEANICS, INC.
5535 N.W . 7th Avenue • Miami, Florida 33127 • U.S.A.
Telephone: (305) 754-6658
Specifications Subject to Change Without Notice
SEPT., 1972
123
APPENDIX B
124
AANDERAA INSTRUMENTS LTD.
DIVISION OF IVAR AANDERAA, NESTTUN, NORWAY
2569 PENRHYN STREET
VICTORIA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
CANADA vs N 1G2
TELEPHONE (604) 477-5123
WATER LEVEL GAUGE models TG-1A, TG-1D
Features
- RESOLUTION ONE PART IN 10 5
- ONE YEAR IN SITU RECORDING
- SONIC LINK
- SHALLOW WATER OR CONTINENTAL SHELF MOORING
- MAGNETIC TAPE RECORDING
- SELF CONTAINED
Applications
- OCEANIC TIDAL MEASUREMENTS
- RESERVOIR, LAKE, AND RIVER LEVEL MONITOR
- TSUNAMI, WAVE, AND SEICHE STUDIES
- HARBOUR AND ESTUARY DEPTH MONITORING
- DETECTION OF WIND EFFECTS AND
STORM FORERUNNERS
The gauge records hydrostatic pressure to an accuracy of one part in ten thousand of its
range digitally on magnetic tape. For deep water use the crystal pressure transducer,
recorder, and a sonic transmitter are contained in a single pressure case on the sea
bed. Data including instrument reference number and pressure is recorded internally
every half hour for periods up to one year. It may also be transmitted to an Aanderaa
2198 hydrophone receiver on a buoy for transmission ashore as shown in figure 1.
Near shore a differential version of the pressure transducer may be used where the sonic
link is replaced by a direct connection to the beach, consisting of kerosene filled
hydraulic hose and electrical cable. This allows automatic compensation for air pressure changes, in situ testing and calibration, and direct transmission of data via
landline or transmitting/transponding facilities as shown in figure 2.
As a1,1 sensitive components are underwater, the gauge is particularly suited to extreme
enviromental temperatures. A partial list of uses include: tide gauge including arctic
use; tsunami warning gauge; reservoir storage measurement; river flow gauge; flood
warning.
The major portion of the equipment is similar to existing Aanderaa instruments allowing
use of the same data processing equipment and insuring comparable operational reliability.
125
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Transducer Accuracy
Transducer Null Stability
Data Logger Resolution Capability
60, 100, 400 or 800 feet
.01% of full scale
6 months, .008% of full scale
.001% of full scale
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Recording System Serial recording of 10-bit words on 4 inch magnetic tape by use of
short and long pulses. Total storage capacity 60,000 words. Tape 600 ft. on 3 or 34
inch spools.
Transducing Element Quartz crystal resonator whose frequency of oscillation varies with
pressure.
Measuring System Transducer frequency referenced to a 1 MHz crystal oscillator, allowing averaging of 10 transducer periods. Ten bit reference number plus two ten bit words
containing water level information are collected in a 30 bit shift register and clocked
onto the magnetic tape during the recording interval.
Sampling Interval Thirty minutes standard (other intervals available from external clock
#2151.)
Battery Main battery 9 volts. Size 63x50x80 mm (Tudor 9TI or equivalent.)
External Triggering Is possible by applying 6 volts positive pulse to electric terminal
on top endplate (same terminal as for DC output signals.)
Telemetry Either by pulse coded acoustic carrier 16.384 KHz (crystal controlled) or by
pulses 0-5 volts sent via cable. Three words, each of 10 bits are sent in the course
of 1/4 minute. Detecting range with Hydrophone Receiver 2198 for acoustically telemetered
data, typically 800 meters.
Data Recovery Magnetic tape from this instrument can be translated to punched paper
tape by mail service from the manufacturer, or by purchase of the Tape Reader #2103.
Service Depth To 125% of selected range.
Operating Temperature -2 °C to +35 °C
Storage Temperature
-20 °C
to +40 °C
Packing Recording unit, plywood instrument case 19x22x60 cms. Gross weight, 18 kilograms.
Warranty One year against materials and workmanship.
Price Canadian $5,375.00 each FOB Victoria (Exclusive Duty and Taxes)
8 hydrophone
recovery
package
figure 1 Continental Shelf
TG-1A or TG-1D
..,.4161:4-3:'-'4j.e.46co:S>..*.‘ti • e:
figure 2 Near Shore
AANDERAA INSTRUMENTS
A DIVISION OF IVAR AANDERAA, NESTTUN, NORWAY
LTD.