TOWARD A POLYMORPHIC
FUTURE INTERNET:
AN INTERNET SCIENCE APPROACH
Kavé Salamatian, LISTIC, Université de Savoie
Once upon a time, …, in the beginning
And now !
Happy birthday !!!!

Three anniversaries in 2009
 20
years of WWW
 30 years of USENET
 40 years of Internet
Internet: a global media
The “Hourglass” as the model
From clear layers to spaghetti …
ICA/Citrix
L2TP
KaZaa
DNS
ICMP
IRC
UDP
TCP
IPv4
PPP
PPPoE
Ethernet
XMLRPC
HTTP
SMTP
ICMPv6
IPv6
802.1q
SOAP
The Real Internet looks like
8
The R&D « Learning » Curve
Solution complexity
Solutions proposed
Solutions in use
Understanding of problem area
early middle late
New Cycle
Industry transfer
time
9
Solution complexity
New challenges in Networking
Opposite forces
Applications
Regulation
Economy
Management
Complexity
Are We’re here or there or both!
early middle
late
time
10
Nowadays … Pocket switched networks
I have 100M
bytes of data,
who can carry
for me?
Give it to me, I
have 1G bytes
phone flash.
Thank you but you
are in the
opposite
direction!
Don’t give to me! I
am running out of
storage.
I can also
carry for you!
Reach an
access point.
There is
one in mySearch La
pocket… Bonheme.mp3
Internet
for me
Finally, it
arrive…
Search La
Bonheme.mp3
for me
Search La
Bonheme.mp3
for me
Go back to basics

A network is build of components
Local in a node or distributed
 Sitting in one layer or crossing layers
 Tightly or lightly coupled



Cooperating to transmit information from point to point.
Actual layered architecture is just one specific type of
collaboration


Autonomous networking idea


Collaborating through protocols
Moving from pile view to puzzle view
Need for new theoretical framework
Cooperation ?

Full Cooperation

Do the best possible behavior to reach a goal

Assuming full collaboration




Is the goal achievable ?
How to achieve the goal ?
Multi-user information Theory
Non–cooperative

Selfish behavior




Different rational goal
How to mitigate conflicting rational goal ?
Game theory
Malicious behavior



Harmful goal
How to contain irrational objectives ?
Behavioral inference
Cooperation framework
•
Each Node implement a forwarding function
•
The forwarding function implement the cooperation
(Y
t'
1
, Y2t ' ,… , YNt ' )= f i (X 10:t , X 20:t ,… , X N0:t )
M it
X 1t
X
f i(
t
2
X Nt
)
Y1t ' , Y2t ' ,… YMt '
Forwarding function Examples

Flooding
Y jt +e = X it
"i, j, t

Routing
Y

t +e
j
ì X it
=í
îf
t
i
if cond ( X )
else
Distributed computation
Yot + kT = f (Xit , Xit +T ,… , Xit + kT )


Network coding
Any other ?
Y
t +T
j
=
åa
j,t j <t +T
tj
j
Xi
CLEAN SLATE VS EVOLUTIONARY?
Exploring the future Internet


What is broken and need to be
fixed?
What is the right approach?



Is the clean slate approach
appropriate?
Any transition methodology?
How difficult do you expect that a
new architecture would be
adopted?


We have a few examples on how
difficult it is to change the current
architecture: multicast, mobile IP,
Intserv/Diffserv, and IPv6.
Any enabling factor?
Explore the possible Future(s) of
the Internet

Realistic view
 Continuous
evolution and change
 Usage and Services will become predominant
 User-centric approach to system design
 On-line social networks
 Greening the Internet
 Other factors than technology will be instrumental
 Economics,
Social behaviors, Entry cost, Regulation
A single architecture ?

The future Internet might be Polymorphic
 Various
research projects, scientists and “people”
will propose new ideas
 GENI,
FIND, FIRE, etc…
 Building
blocks
Architectures
 Flexibility is the major constraint of future
Internet

Flexibility or the internet contortionist

to accommodate Future Internet
polymorphism

Enable different cooperation paradigms
in parallel.
Enable easy deployment of new
application deployment.
 Without raising routing and
addressing to the application



As Peer to Peer and overlay networks
A network where one could
implement, and deploy its new
network protocols or cooperation
schemes without disturbing other
running protocols
Virtualization, the enabler

Properties

Isolation


Encapsulation


Fault, software and performance
isolation
All VM state can be captured into a file
Interposition`
All guest actions go through monitor
 Monitor can inspect, modify, deny
operations


PlanetLab, OneLab, XORP, etc.
Security, Internet Achille Heel’s

What should be in future
Internet security
strong encryption and
authentification ?
VPN’s Proxies ?
Secure routing ?

Future Internet minimal security

A secure execution environment
A
code should be executed the way it is designed and
not differently

An authentication mechanism
 Local

of global authentication ?
Monitoring
 Interposition
layer ?`
Scalability or the delusion of grandeur
Active BGP entries (FIB)
All BGP entries (RIB)
349893
10775196
Compact space routing
y
 d-dimensional space
with n zones
(x,y)
Peer
Q(x,y) Query/
Resource
2 zones are neighbor if d-1
dim overlap
Routing path of length:
Algorithm:
Choose the neighbor
nearest to the
destination
 Fundamental
Q(x,y)
key
question
Is it possible to design a compact space routing for any application ?
Enabling continuous deployment of
New architectures
Policies
Monitoring
First applied to
Test-beds federation
Security
Federation
IP
world
Virtualized substrate
••• 26
Vision – The « Facility » framework
27
Experimentally driven research

Why?
Research driven by Intuition &
Experimentation + validation
 A Playground for enabling new architectures
 Shorter time to System/Market
 Complementary to Network Science


What? …Enforce a Federation effort on
building a large-scale facility for
“Internet” research
Building, Operating, Maintaining a testbed is
costly
 Diversity and scale
 Lower the entry cost for experimentation

28
Conclusions

Two main positions
 Future
Internet should be polymorphic
 Enable
the coexistence of different networking paradigms in
the same framework
 Virtualisation is a key enabler
 Future
 To
Internet needs a networking science
have strong foundations rooted in

Physics, information theory, economics, sociology, ethnology, etc…
 Cooperation
is a strong concept
Conclusions

Issues
To develop this networking science
 Flexibility

Virtualization is key
 We are moving toward a “no architecture”


Security


Sandbox, authentification and monitoring should be integrated to
architecture
Scalability
Is it possible to construct infinitely scalable addressing and routing
schemes
 Clean Slate approach should enable the coexistence of different
addressing/routing schemes.
