CY" C a'
6
7
MARY
COLUMBIA R.
Marine Science Laboratory
Oregon State University
DEPARTMENT of OCEANOGRAPHY
MENAGE.' R
SCHOOL of SCIENCE
rIcLimoorr eAr
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
siLErz
R
MEASUREMENTS OF
SUBSURFACE CURRENTS OFF
THE OREGON COAST MADE BY
TRACKING OF PARACHUTE
DROGUES
by
Bruce Wyatt, Merritt R. St
William E. Gilbert, and June G. Pattullo
Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted
for any purpose of the United States
Government
Data Report No. 26
October 2967
Reference 67-20
DEPARTMENT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
MEASUREMENTS OF SUBSURFACE CURRENTS OFF THE OREGON COAST
MADE BY TRACKING OF PARACHUTE DROGUES
by
Bruce Wyatt, Merritt R. Stevenson, William Gilbert, and June G. Pattullo
Date Report No. 26
Office of Naval Research
Contract Nonr 1286(10)
Project NR 083-102
Reference 67-20
October 1967
Herbert F. Frolander
Acting Chairman
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1
Methods and Procedures of Handling Data
OBSERVATIONS:
2
RESULTS 3
REFERENCES
FIGURES
TABLES
APPENDIX:
3
1.
Sketch of the drogue assembly 2.
Plots of drogue trajectories 3.
Mean velocity for each drogue 22
1.
Data for each drogue
25
2.
Wind observations made during drogue cruises .
4
5
Programs for processing of drogue observations .
.
•
29
.
A-1
1
INTRODUCTION
Currents between the surface and 1000 m depth off the Oregon
coast have been measured by tracking parachute drogues. The study
was initiated by Mr. Bruce Wyatt in January 1962, using the R/V
ACONA. Dr. Paul M. Maughan participated in the earlier half of the
work and wrote his master's thesis on part of the results (Maughan,
1963). Acquisition of the R/V YAQUINA in October 1964 made possible
improved handling and much more precise radar fixing. Dr. Merritt
Stevenson made thorough analyses of these data and of associated dye
studies for his doctoral dissertation (Stevenson, 1966). A paper summarizing the results and discussing tidal and inertial periodicities in
the data is being prepared for publication (Stevenson and Pattullo, in
preparation).
We are deeply indebted to Mr. Tim Noland, who, with Mr. Wyatt,
designed and fabricated both the drogues and the anchored buoys, and
who also took part in most of the cruises.
This report contains plots of all drogue trajectories and mean
velocities, tables of identifying data and wind observations, and listings
of programs used in processing the data.
2
OBSERVATIONS
Methods and Procedures of Handling Data
The data for each drogue consist of a set of successive positions
of the surface (visible) part of the drogue determined at known times.
During the first five cruises the positions were determined by LORAN
and have an uncertainty of + 1/2 nautical mile. During later cruises
positions were determined byradar relative to a taut-moored buoy
specially set for the purpose. Drogue position relative to the anchored
buoy has an estimated accuracy on the order of several hundred feet.
All data were collected between 25 and 55 nautical miles west of Newport, Oregon; the water depth is about 1000m.
The drogues consisted of four parts and were similar to those
described by Volkmann et al. (1956), see Figure 1. The drag, or
drogue portion, wasparachute
ate canopy either 21 or 28 feet in diameter.
At the free end of the parachute shrouds we attached a weight of 10 to
20 pounds. A steel or polypropylene line of length equal to the depth
of the desired measurement was connected to the weight and to the
surface float. The surface float was a bamboo pole or metal rod
assembly lashed to a truck inner tube and equipped with a light, a numbered pennant, a radar reflector, and a weight to hold the assembly
vertical in the water.
Each anchored buoy was made of two oil drums welded together,
with lengths of 3-inch diameter pipe attached at each end. The pipe on
the upper surface held a radar reflector, a flashing light, a steady
light, and a pennant. The pipe on the lower surface was used for mooring to a taut anchor line.
Usually six to eight drogues were tracked at once. Every fifteen
minutes (later cruises) we read the range and bearing from the ship to
each of the drifting drogues and to the fixed buoy. These fixes were
converted (by drogue program 1, see Appendix) to positions relative to
the anchored buoy. Total tracking time was usually 50 hours, sometimes 25 hours, to make it possible to separate mean velocities from tidal
components.
During the period covered by this report 15 cruises were made
and a total of 99 drogues were tracked. Most of the parachutes were at
depths between the surface and 500m. Of these, 40 were duplicates;
that is, one was launched at the same depth and nearly the same time
and place as another drogue.
3
RESULTS
The trajectory followed by each drogue is illustrated in Figure 2.
Identifying data are given in Table 1. The time zone, referenced to
Universal Time, is listed for each cruise. The mean velocity components for each drogue were obtained by finding a linear least squares
fit of positions eastward and northward as functions of time. These
values are also given in Table 1. Mean velocities were then computed
by recombining the components; these are illustrated for each cruise
in Figure 3. See Stevenson and Pattullo (in preparation) for a complete
discussion. Wind observations made during the cruises are listed in
Table 2. The Appendix includes a listing of the computer programs
used to process the data and a description of the use of each program.
REFERENCES
Maughan, Paul M. 1963. Observations and analyses of ocean currents
above 250 meters off the Oregon coast. Master's thesis.
Corvallis, Oregon State University. 49 numb. leaves.
Stevenson, Merritt R. 1966. Subsurface currents off the Oregon
coast. Ph. D. Thesis. Corvallis, Oregon State University.
139 numb, leaves.
Stevenson, Merritt R. and June G. Pattullo (in preparation). Subsurface
currents off the Oregon coast.
Volkmann, Gordon, John Knauss, and Allyn Vine. 1956. The use of
parachute drogues in the measurement of subsurface currents.
Trans. AGU 37(5): 573-577.
4
Radar reflector ( Acro Soles, San Diego, Calif.)
Reinforce magnesium tube in
reflector by inserting 1/8" welding
rod
Herculite flog
(30" equilateral
triangle)
Joint
blaze or acetylene weld
11/4" EMT thin wall tube
Bushings for alignment
of EMT tube
10'
OR
Mainline to tube
11/2" EMT thin wall tube
10'
Weld
1/4" shackle
mainline
Cut to free
chute if not
retrieving line
2 1/2" EMT thin wall tube
10'
Surplus shackle
(Ballast weight : 40 lbs.)
Seal
Seal end of tube
to make it air-tight
Chute to mainline
3/32" aircraft cable or
3/16" polypropylene line
Shackle or bowline
knot (-4 12 lb.)
onduit
Tie with bowline knot or
1/4" shackle connection
5' bridle 3/32" aircraft
cable with eye nicopressed
over thimble
Parachute (28' Surplus)
Figure
Sketch of the drogue assembly.
5
Figure 2. Plots of drogue trajectories.
The origin of the coordinate system shown has two distinct interpretations. For data from cruises 6201 through 6308 the origin represents
the location at which the drogue was put into the water. These locations
vary from drogue to drogue as well as from cruise to cruise, although all
locations are within 30 nautical miles of 44° 29. 9' N, 124° 01. 8' W.
For data from cruises 6405 through 6509, the origin represents the
position of the anchor buoy and is the same location for all drogues for a
single cruise. Anchor buoy locations varied slightly from cruise to cruise
but were all within seven nautical miles of 44° 40. 3'N, 124° 12.1 ' W.
Time shown indicates the beginning of the trajectory.
See Table 1 for additional data for each drogue.
6
DROGUE CRUISE 6201
10 rn
9:38
I 150 m
8:15
N
7
DROGUE CRUISE 6202
I
10 m
150 m
200 m
DROGUE CRUISE 6205
10
0
I
N.MILES
2
m
9
DROGUE CRUISE 6207
10 m
100 m
oo:os
150m
22:30
2300
550 m
N
0
I
2
N. MILES
10
DROGUE CRUISE 6209 ( page I of 2 )
A
A
NI
0
2
50 m
N. MILES
NOTE.' A// trajectories interrupted. Line AA is 6 nautical miles east of
the origin.
I I
DROGUE CRUISE 6209 (page 2 of 2 )
100 m
0
2
1
i
N. MILES
150 m
I
I 1000 m
5:39
12
DROGUE CRUISE 6 211
N
0
i
I
2
I
I
i
N.MILES
I
13
DROGUE CRUISE 6301
100 m
1 200 m
16:16
0
I
N. MILES
2
14
DROGUE CRUISE 6306
10 m
30m
60m
15:20
14:30
120 m
240 m
13:3 51
N
0
I
2
N.MILES
I5
DROGUE CRUISE 6308
60m
20:35
120m
200 m
20:13
- - -18:32
16
DROGUE CRUISE 6405
Ni
0
I
i
I
I
N. MILES
17
DROGUE CRUISE 6410
1:15
10m
75m
500 m
1:15
I
I
I
0
I
2
1
1
1
N. MILES
I
18
DROGUE CRUISE 6412
12:45
NI
0
N. MILES
19
DROGUE CRUISE 6503
10 m
100 m
iT
I 200 m
8:15
8:30,1,1
13:30" ..-, I
500 m
8:15
/
/
I
;
/
NI
0
I
I
I
N.
2
I
MILES
20
DROGUE CRUISE 6507
I0m
20 m
15:45
100 m
15:15
0
2
N. MILES
21
DROGUE CRUISE 6509
22
Figure 3. Mean velocity for each drogue.
Each current rose represents all observations from a single cruise.
Circle radius is 5 cm/sec.
23
MEAN VELOCITY OF EACH DROGUE (page I of 2)
I50
6207
200
10
550
100
150
250
10
60
100 .0
24
MEAN VELOCITY OF EACH DROGUE (page 2 of 2)
40
200
10
15
10
100
6509
200
90
200
25
Table I. Data for Each Drogue.
Date
29
Jan
1962
26
Feb
1962
31
May
1962
5
July
1962
Depth
(meters)
Start
Time
Duration
(hours)
No. of
Obs.
Mean Speed *
(cm/sec)
u
v
c
Direction
(deg.
true)
10
(+8)
0938
53.6
20
1 3. 4
-4. 0
14. 0
105
50
0907
53. 7
18
5. 7
-3. 7
6. 8
123
100
0845
53. 0
23
2.9
-0.4
2.9
098
150
081 5
53. 3
21
3. 3
0. 8
3. 4
076
200
0745
53. 5
24
0. 7
2.2
2. 3
017
10
(+8)
1755
43.3
13
11.8
-7. 8
1 4. 1
1 24
10
1 805
43.4
11
11.9
-9. 4
1 5. 2
1 28
50
I743
42. 4
8
10.8
-6. 4
1 2. 6
1 20
100
1 830
41. 4
13
8. 6
-5. 3
10.1
122
150
1 845
37.6
12
8. 7
-5. 6
10.3
123
200
1 734
34.6
12
7.8
-5. 0
9. 3
123
10
(+7)
041 0
40. 0
12
2. 5
-1.4
2. 9
119
10
0400
39.9
12
3.2
0.1
3.2
088
50
0333
40. 8
12
2. 5
-1. 6
3. 0
123
100
0309
36.4
11
4.6
0.7
4.6
081
150
1 336
26. 4
9
5. 9
3. 0
6. 6
063
200
0240
36.6
11
3.0
1.4
3.3
065
1 000
01 58
40. 5
14
3. 2
5.6
6. 4
030
10
(+7)
0008
35.3
8
-2.5
-1 3. 9
1 4. 1
190
100
2230
42.2
11
0.9
-6.7
6.8
172
150
2300
42. 7
9
O. 0
9
1 O. 9
180
250
2200
43.4
10
-2.5
-11.6
11.9
192
550
2025
42.9
9
-0, 4
-4. 4
4. 4
185
u = eastward; v = southward; e = (u 2 + v 2 ) 1/2
-10.
Shear
(xl 0-3/sec)
au/az
av/az
-1.92
0.08
-0. 56
0. 66
0. 08
0. 24
0. 52
0. 28
-0. 26
0. 55
-0. 44
0. 22
0. 02
-0. 06
-0.18
0.12
-0. 09
-0. 19
0. 42
0. 46
0. 26
0. 46
-0. 58
-0. 32
0, 00
0. 05
0. 38
0. 80
-0.18
-O. 84
-0. 25
-0. 07
0. 07
O. 24
26
Date
Duration
(hours)
Mean Speed
(cm/sec)
v
C
No. of
Obs
Start
Time
10
(+7)
0930
45.4
18
32.5
-4.8
32.9
098
10
1725
50.2
5
35.5
-2.0
35.6
093
50
2000
63.7
14
25.0
1.0
25.0
088
100
1725
49. 6
24
-3.1
0.6
3. 2
281
150
1655
61.8
33
-2.3
1.9
3.0
310
200
1620
59. 8
33
2. 2
3. 6
4. 2
031
250
1 559
60, 0
33
1. 8
2. 4
3. 0
037
1 000
1 539
65. 0
33
-0.3
-0.7
0.8
203
10
(+8)
1 230
8.5
4
-2.8
-13.9
14.2
191
10
1 230
8.5
4
-10.7
1.0
10.7
275
50
1 230
16. 2
15
-O. 7
6, 0
6. 0
353
100
1 230
21. 0
16
-O. 9
-3. 3
3.4
195
200
1800
25. 8
10
5.9
-4. 5
7. 4
127
300
1 230
20.5
13
4. 5
-2. 0
4. 9
114
1000
1800
27. 4
10
7.9
0.9
8. 0
084
10
(+8)
0953
25.8
12
2.2
-21.0
21.1
174
10
1646
42.8
18
-1.3
-15.8
1 5. 9
185
1 633
43. 5
19
-1. 8
-17.9
18. 0
186
1 018
24. 2
11
3. 9
-16. 2
16. 7
166
-8.0
8.0
186
u
24
Sept
1962
17
Nov
1962
11
Jan
1963
50
1 00
19
June
1963
Shear
Direction
(x10-3/sec)
(deg.
avmz
au/az
true)
Depth
(meters)
200
1616
37.2
17
-0.8
10
(+7)
1 455
29.8
10
-3.1
-6.8
7.5
205
30
1430
30, 0
3
1.1
-2. 0
2. 3
151
60
1 520
29.2
9
-3.0
-13.0
13.3
193
90
1615
44.0
12
2.0
-9.6
9.8
168
120
1554
30.0
3
1.7
-0.4
1.7
103
240
1 335
48. 2
4
0.1
-0. 2
0. 2
153
-2.25
1.10
-5. 62
-0. 08
0.16
0. 26
0.90
0.34
-0. 08
-0. 24
-0. 03
-0. 04
1.51
3.11
-0. 04
-1.86
0, 68
-0.1 2
-0.14
0. 25
0. 05
0. 04
-0. 68
0.12
1.14
0. 34
-0. 47
0. 82
2.1 0
2. 40
-1.37
-3. 67
1.67
-7. 53
-0.10
3. 07
-0.13
O. 02
27
Date
Depth
Start
(meters) Time
Duration
(hours)
Mean Speed
(cm/sec)
v
c
No. of
Obs.
u
6
Aug
1963
31
May
1964
25
Oct
1964
17
Dec
1964
Direction
(deg.
true)
10
(+7)
211 8
16. 0
7
1 5. 7
-23. 2
28. 0
146
30
21 02
17.0
7
1 2. 5
-20. 2
23. 8
148
60
2035
1 8. 5
7
6. 5
-1 2. 9
1 4. 4
153
120
201 3
1 8. 5
7
7.2
-9.6
1 2. 0
143
200
1 832
1 5. 5
6
4. 4
-17. 2
17. 8
166
10
(+7)
2130
29.5
119
-5.8
-4.6
7.4
232
10
2130
29.5
119
-6.0
-4.8
7.7
231
40
2130
30. 5
123
-6. 5
-6. 4
9. 1
225
40
2130
25. 8
1 04
-6. 8
-4. 2
8. 0
238
40
1 81 5
9. 8
40
-2.9
0. 0
2. 9
270
200
21 30
28.0
113
-8.5
-7.4
11.3
229
200
2130
26. 5
107
-8. 6
-7. 6
11.5
229
10
(+7)
011 5
23. 8
96
-6. 2
-O. 6
6. 2
264
10
011 5
23.8
96
-6.3
-0.2
6. 2
268
75
011 5
23. 8
96
-11. 2
4.9
1 2. 2
294
75
011 5
23. 8
96
-12.1
8. 4
1 4. 7
305
500
011 5
23.8
96
-11.5
-8.5
14.3
234
10
(+8)
1 245
20. 8
82
4. 1
5. 8
7.1
035
10
1 245
20.8
82
4.3
6.0
7.4
036
1 00
2145
5. 2
48
4.0
-0. 8
4.1
101
100
1 245
20. 8
84
2. 7
0. 3
2. 7
084
Shear
(x10-3/sec)
au/az
av/az
-1.60
1. 50
-2. 00
2. 43
0.1 2
0. 55
-0. 34
-0.95
-0. 07
0. 40
-0.16
-0. 25
-0. 82
1.08
0. 01
-0.18
-0. 09
-0. 68
28
Date
Depth Start
(meters) Time
Duration No. of
(hours)
Obs.
Mean Speed
(cm/sec)
v
c
u
18
Mar
1965
11
July
1965
Direction
(deg.
true)
10
(+8)
0815
28.2
114
-1.2 -11.2
11.3
186
10
081 5
25. 8
104
-2. 1 -12. 0
1 2. 2
190
10
1600
18. 5
75
-3.4
-8. 6
9. 2
202
100
0815
48.2
194
-O. 5
-9. 6
9. 6
183
100
0815
48.0
194
0.6
-9.6
9.6
176
1 00
1645
15. 2
62
-O. 6 -11.4
11, 4
186
200
081 5
24. 2
98
-4. 8 -10. 8
11. 8
204
200
0830
50. 2
201
-0. 2
-5. 8
5. 8
182
200
1330
21. 0
86
-0.3
-7. 8
7. 8
182
500
081 5
9. 0
37
2. 2
-2. 6
3. 4
140
0
(+7)
1200
20. 8
84
1. 0 -20. 2
20. 2
177
0
1 200
20.8
84
1.4 -20.4
20.5
176
10
1 230
20. 2
82
1, 4 -20.7
20.7
176
10
1 500
17.0
69
2.8 -21.8
22.0
173
10
1 045
28. 2
131
3. 2 -17. 2
17. 5
170
10
1100
32.2
130
4.2 -15.0
15.6
164
20
1 545
27.5
111
2. 2 -17.0
17.1
173
100
1415
32.2
227
4.0
-7.6
8.6
152
1 00
1 515
56. 5
223
4, 3
-6. 7
8. 0
147
200
1 515
55. 5
230
3. 5
-6. 6
7. 5
152
200
1 515
55. 0
228
3. 2
-6.1
6.9
152
500
1 515
55. 5
230
2. 2
-3. 6
4. 2
149
10
(+7)
0300
57. 8
231
3. 8
-5. 0
6. 3
143
10
0300
57.2
229
4.5
-6.6
8.0
146
50
0330
55. 8
223
7. 7
-7. 2
1 O. 5
133
90
0345
54.5
218
12.8 -11.0
16.9
131
90
0430
54. 0
216
1 2. 0 -10.8
16.1
132
200
0500
52.8
211
11. 7 -13.0
17.5
138
200
0530
52.0
208
11.4 -13.6
17.7
140
Shear
(x10-3/sec)
au/az av/az
0. 23
0. 00
-O. 1 2
0. 25
0.12
0.14
1.70
1.40
-0.70
1.70
25
1. 22
-0. 08
0. 08
-0. 23
0. 09
0.
28
Sept
1965
O. 88 -0. 35
1.18
-0.92
-0. 07 -0. 22
29
Table 2. Wind Observations Made During Drogue Cruises.
29 Jan. 1962
3
3
3
1220
1637
2130
010
030
030
2 July 1962
28 Feb. 1962
Time Velocity Direction
(+8)
(knots)
(true)
0410
0435
0445
0522
30
30
30
30
205
205
205
220
Time Velocity Direction
(true)
(knots)
(+7)
30 Jan. 1962
10
15
10
15
15
14
22
1600
1630
1710
2105
2112
2126
2215
330
330
330
310
310
350
350
3 July 1962
0141
0501
0805
1017
1450
2054
2330
3
3
0
0
0
2
0
000
040
060
31 Jan. 1962
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
2
2
0245
0440
0817
0935
1207
1353
1615
1715
1815
1820
Time
(+8)
060
320
Velocity Direction
(knots)
(true)
4
3
3
4
4
4
0
0
0036
0158
0240
0309
0400
0410
0815
1040
1342
1408
1435
1552
1615
1712
1930
2200
000
000
26 Feb. 1962
1734
1743
1755
1805
1830
1845
2000
2100
31 May 1962
150
150
150
150
150
150
15
10
10
10
8
8
8
16
16
15
15
15
15
10
5
0
200
250
230
230
195
195
180
165
165
200
200
200
200
190
200
1 June 1962
0230
0355
0700
1043
1105
1447
1518
1532
1617
1720
1830
1955
2010
2020
2400
0
0
0
5
5
15
15
15
15
20
25
25
25
25
25
200
200
185
185
185
185
195
200
200
200
200
180
27 Feb. 1962
0113
0225
0235
0246
0255
0458
0505
0514
0526
0727
1530
1547
1550
1605
1824
1828
1856
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
20
20
20
26
22
22
22
Time Velocity Direction
(true)
(knots)
(+7)
2 July 1962
160
165
165
165
180
165
165
165
0230
0515
0600
0613
0621
0638
0900
0910
0930
1048
1357
1540
10
10
10
14
14
12
12
10
14
13
10
10
310
310
310
010
010
010
010
330
010
010
330
330
0100
0115
0140
0200
0310
0345
0435
0540
0600
0740
0830
0835
1015
1125
1200
1217
1257
1437
1520
1640
1727
1742
25
25
25
25
25
30
30
28
18
18
33
33
32
30
30
30
35
30
30
30
25
30
Time
(+7)
000
000
000
000
000
020
020
020
010
010
010
010
010
010
350
350
350
340
340
350
350
350
Velocity Direction
(knots)
(true)
24 Sept. 1962
1539
1559
1620
1655
1725
1822
1832
1840
1922
2000
2030
2200
2400
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
8
0
0
0
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
25 Sept. 1962
0030
0048
0100
0110
0135
0400
0500
0700
0815
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
0
280
280
280
200
245
250
250
30
Time Velocity Direction
(true)
(+7)
(knots)
25 Sept. 1962
0900
0930
1000
1030
1100
1130
1200
1300
1400
1525
1600
1800
1945
Z100
2200
2300
2400
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
8
3
8
8
0
4
8
285
250
250
250
250
250
250
280
330
340
270
350
342
010
325
26 Sept. 1962
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0615
0640
0700
1147
1312
1351
1450
1600
1852
1915
2030
2230
6
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
8
5
13
18
20
15
350
350
10
10
10
15
17
150
150
150
150
150
200
250
180
175
310
340
340
210
215
Time Velocity Direction
(+8)
(knots) (true)
1 Nov. 196Z
2000
2100
2205
2320
2355
16
18
18
18
18
1 June 1963
2 Nov. 1962
0852
0916
1045
1400
1450
1535
1607
1650
1945
2100
2123
2305
2335
6
2
1
0
3
0
5
10
7
15
12
18
17
045
045
022
18
15
12
17
13
12
12
13
17
20
270
225
225
180
203
203
203
225
203
225
180
180
225
225
225
180
203
337
337
337
337
337
18
20
20
18
18
15
16
12
12
20
20
22
12
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
055
055
015
010
070
065
3 Jan. 1963
0045
0155
0255
0445
0545
1020
1045
1146
1158
1220
10
10
10
18
10
12
12
12
12
12
280
300
10
10
10
18
10
12
5
5
0
10
8
8
4
4
0
12
16
320
320
320
340
320
290
220
135
225
225
225
355
355
285
290
3 June 1963
1229
1400
14
14
220
220
Time VelocityDirection
(knots)
(true)
(+7)
1 Aug. 1963
050
050
050
015
015
180
180
180
180
180
Time Velocity Direction
(knots) (true)
(+7)
2 Nov. 1962
0115
0140
0255
0345
0420
0515
0651
0705
0743
1054
1119
1315
1328
1530
1615
1815
2042
2 Jan. 1963
0430
0530
0630
0730
0830
0940
1120
1240
1400
1530
1700
2030
2325
15
15
2 June 1963
3 Nov. 1962
0025
0115
0205
0250
0340
0440
0540
0555
0900
0930
2225
2315
270
Time Velocity Direction (true)
(+8)
(knots)
27 Sept. 1962
0130
0300
0400
0645
0737
2215
2400
25
20
015
010
2 Aug. 1963
0130
0255
0630
1010
1104
1118
1325
1415
1445
1515
1730
1800
1830
1915
2017
20
20
20
20
20
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
010
010
010
010
010
010
Time VelocityDirection
(knots) (true)
(+7)
30 May 1964
2340
2
335
31 May 1964
0110
0205
0300
0405
0500
0720
14
16
15
14
10
8
337
315
000
000
000
000
1 June 1963
1900
2108
2118
2125
20
20
20
20
270
270
270
270
0001
0045
0105
0150
0210
2
1
2
2
2
335
311
291
312
303
31
31 May 1964
3
2
2
1
2
2
0
0
4
6
2
2
4
7
7
10
11
11
11
12
11
11
10
12
12
12
11
11
12
11
10
10
12
11
10
10
10
10
14
12
3
2
0230
0300
0330
0400
0430
0500
0530
0600
0630
0700
0800
0830
0900
1000
1100
1200
1215
1230
1245
1300
1315
1330
1345
1400
1415
1430
1445
1500
1515
1530
1545
1605
1615
1630
1700
1 715
1 730
1745
1800
2000
2300
2345
307
275
004
051
044
162
188
187
196
171
206
206
190
198
170
184
190
195
189
190
193
183
189
174
183
190
201
188
171
182
176
160
150
136
156
13
156
160
180
190
1 June 196
0000
0025
0030
0100
0125
0130
0200
0230
0300
0330
0400
0430
2
6
8
8
0
0
0
6
10
10
10
9
18 Dec. 1964
26 Oct. 1964
218
234
236
231
80
83
83
90
99
0000
0400
0600
1 200
1 500
022
000
045
045
045
8
5
5
18
20
Time Velocity Direction
(true)
(knots)
(+8)
17 Dec. 1964
1315
1330
1345
1400
1415
1430
1445
1500
1515
1530
1545
1600
1615
1630
1645
1700
1715
1730
1745
1800
1815
1830
1845
1900
1915
1 9 30
1945
2000
2015
2030
2045
2100
2115
2130
2145
2200
2215
2230
2245
2300
2323
2338
2345
2400
19
21
20
18
16
18
17
16
16
0
17
11
11
10
8
8
7
10
7
8
8
8
8
6
7
7
0
4
5
2
4
8
2
2
0
1
8
9
4
6
11
13
11
12
061
049
055
347
080
072
087
072
060
062
034
o6o
057
070
083
067
102
111
114
078
078
092
110
112
131
078
087
112
097
092
080
322
309
299
305
284
275
257
260
254
262
18 Dec. 1964
Time Velocity Direction
(+7)
(knots)
(true)
25 Oct. 1964
0000
0400
0600
1 200
1600
1 800
10
5
14
13
10
8
000
000
020
000
000
000
0015
0030
0045
0100
0115
0130
0145
0200
0215
0230
14
14
16
16
16
10
11
16
17
14
242
282
271
272
264
250
264
282
271
259
0245
0300
0315
0330
0345
0400
0415
0430
0445
0500
0515
0530
0545
0600
0615
0630
0645
0700
0 715
0 730
0 745
0800
0815
0830
0 845
0915
16
10
11
12
16
14
15
10
12
16
14
12
14
14
18
14
15
14
18
17
18
20
20
17
19
20
245
251
229
226
250
239
211
228
227
219
232
217
217
217
218
222
220
217
217
182
210
206
203
206
215
207
Time Velocity Direction
(true)
(knots)
(+8)
18 Mar. 1965
0812
0827
0847
0930
0945
1000
1015
1030
1045
1110
1130
1147
1205
1242
1312
1335
1352
1405
1442
1449
1503
1 524
1536
1551
1607
1714
1734
1817
1948
2006
2016
2032
2053
2115
2132
2148
12
8
14
12
10
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
11
16
18
15
17
19
20
20
20
20
22
22
22
20
20
22
22
353
353
337
330
045
030
033
033
058
067
050
050
038
032
031
019
348
006
349
356
000
359
353
347
356
000
000
356
000
000
000
010
000
000
003
004
32
20
22
23
24
20
22
26
22
2206
2222
2234
2249
2304
2315
2335
2347
015
012
013
007
020
020
023
020
19 Mar. 1965
0017
0030
0042
0057
0115
0129
0146
0201
0215
0222
0240
0307
0319
0330
0347
0400
0417
0431
0504
0518
0535
0548
0553
0616
o628
0649
0702
0718
0733
0800
0811
0830
0846
1100
1124
1146
1202
1220
1235
1248
1328
1345
1353
1405
1435
1446
1500
1525
1547
1605
1620
1640
1655
1715
1730
1747
1840
1947
2000
22
21
22
23
23
24
24
24
20
15
15
20
20
20
20
20
22
22
20
20
22
19
20
18
16
22
22
18
18
20
20
22
22
18
20
18
21
20
20
15
16
20
19
20
20
20
20
23
28
20
22
26
26
24
24
23
24
26
21
12 July 1965
20 Mar. 1965
18 Mar. 1965
010
015
025
015
020
020
020
015
020
015
020
010
010
010
000
020
020
015
015
010
010
015
000
010
012
016
010
015
015
019
015
010
020
010
015
010
020
010
020
005
000
005
015
000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
005
005
005
355
000
35
015
24
22
23
21
21
20
20
19
19
19
22
22
20
0010
0039
0112
0150
0233
0323
0328
0350
0414
0435
0501
0527
0603
010
020
005
015
010
015
015
015
025
015
015
015
030
Time Velocity Direction
(true)
(knots)
(+7)
11 July 1965
1150
1201
1406
1456
1514
1530
1545
1616
1627
1646
1700
1712
1727
1743
1757
1810
1827
1842
1901
1916
1931
1945
2000
2016
2031
2058
2117
2125
2130
2141
2159
2156
2204
2220
2223
2235
2254
2250
2305
2321
2324
2335
2351
6
2
4
6
5
6
3
10
7
8
8
10
11
10
12
10
12
10
13
14
12
10
10
8
10
12
12
10
12
8
8
8
10
8
10
8
8
10
8
12
8
12
14
000
355
355
346
346
304
Z97
317
330
300
300
320
310
300
285
295
290
280
285
282
290
297
315
305
355
320
325
345
325
330
330
338
332
331
332
332
332
342
292
336
292
315
351
12 July 1965
0025
1459
1517
14
15
18
345
350
010
18
18
18
16
20
16
20
16
20
18
16
17
18
18
19
23
19
17
17
19
21
20
20
17
19
17
16
19
20
19
18
18
1533
1548
1600
1618
1647
1703
1715
1743
1800
1816
1832
1849
1915
1929
1944
2000
2015
2029
2045
2059
2117
2129
2149
2201
2216
2230
2245
2259
2314
2330
2348
2400
010
015
010
010
010
010
012
010
010
348
348
354
353
349
359
346
348
347
345
344
351
350
344
353
359
351
350
355
356
350
355
355
13 July 1965
0015
0028
0045
0058
0059
0118
0129
0130
0147
0200
0201
0219
0229
0230
0247
0300
0316
0331
0332
0346
0359
0414
0429
0445
0501
0517
0532
0546
0601
0621
0634
0643
0707
0726
0727
20
20
19
19
18
18
18
18
20
20
18
20
20
16
19
19
15
17
15
19
18
19
19
18
17
17
17
18
15
17
17
16
16
10
15
355
355
350
350
345
350
340
350
345
345
350
340
340
000
355
355
350
290
300
000
340
334
353
340
332
345
347
345
345
340
340
347
335
340
340
33
0745
0801
0815
0831
0845
0900
0917
0930
0946
1003
1014
1032
1044
1058
1113
1131
1143
1159
1216
1230
1246
1247
1301
1316
1350
1400
1403
1432
1453
1503
1513
1530
1533
1547
1603
1605
1615
1630
1631
1647
1704
1711
1845
2255
16
16
13
12
11
12
10
13
14
12
11
12
12
13
13
11
15
12
12
12
12
11
11
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
14
13
13
13
14
13
13
13
12
12
12
10
11
358
003
356
359
359
354
348
355
002
348
345
344
324
348
347
349
355
340
340
350
350
340
340
010
330
330
325
325
330
330
325
325
325
320
320
330
335
335
340
340
340
330
335
325
Time Velocity Direction
(+7)
(knots)
(true)
25 Sept. 1965
0212
0247
0248
0330
0345
0403
0415
0430
0447
0500
0515
0530
0545
0601
0619
0630
0645
0715
4
4
4
4
2
5
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
26 Sept. 1965
25 Sept. 1965
13 July 1965
180
200
200
060
050
175
180
179
150
240
115
100
100
101
0732
0747
0801
0816
0831
0847
0900
0915
0930
0945
1000
1016
1030
1045
1129
1201
1210
1242
1257
1310
1333
1344
1359
1414
1429
1445
1500
1515
1531
1544
1601
1616
1632
1644
1659
1716
1734
1743
1758
1834
1835
1845
1859
1905
1918
1942
2009
2015
2045
2100
2116
2128
2149
2212
2226
2237
2248
2307
2317
2333
2346
2
2
0
2
0
0
4
1
3
2
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
10
11
12
12
12
14
14
13
13
12
11
13
12
11
11
12
14
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
10
10
12
12
12
10
11
11
11
12
12
10
10
10
10
10
12
094
092
106
105
099
142
133
130
133
133
130
180
320
330
345
330
345
000
340
350
345
345
345
345
345
345
347
349
350
350
350
355
000
345
335
335
340
350
350
340
346
339
340
345
350
345
347
350
350
340
350
350
350
350
340
344
26 Sept. 1965
0002
0016
0030
0045
0059
10
12
8
8
7
340
344
355
335
355
0115
0130
0144
0159
0214
0230
0244
0259
0314
0329
0344
0359
0414
0429
0444
0459
0515
0531
0545
0600
0615
0638
0648
0706
0720
0732
0746
0801
0821
0832
0846
0907
0915
0930
0955
1004
1019
1031
1046
1100
1119
1134
1144
1200
1215
1230
1247
1300
1312
1328
1345
1401
1414
1428
1444
1459
1514
1529
1544
1559
1614
1629
1644
1659
1714
1729
1744
1801
1820
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
6
6
8
8
8
8
7
7
6
6
7
7
8
4
6
4
4
4
5
5
4
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
4
6
6
6
2
2
4
4
4
4
2
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
355
330
330
335
335
340
340
340
340
320
320
340
340
310
310
312
312
315
315
300
320
325
340
340
330
340
340
285
285
280
280
285
285
275
270
270
270
280
320
320
300
290
275
275
290
290
260
260
100
100
085
085
230
230
225
225
245
245
217
217
227
227
223
223
233
233
Z38
238
230
34
1835
1845
1905
1919
1937
1950
2004
2019
2033
2047
2106
2120
2306
6
5
4
5
4
8
8
6
10
8
6
4
6
220
230
240
227
220
230
220
230
230
230
210
220
230
27 Sept. 1965
0057
0145
8
4
230
230
28 Sept. 1965
0245
0415
0520
0552
0615
0635
0647
0701
0715
0733
0745
0801
0817
0832
o846
0902
0916
0933
0947
1000
1018
1034
1046
1101
1118
1134
1149
1202
1213
1226
1249
1258
1314
1328
1342
1359
1414
1429
1445
1458
1515
1530
1544
1559
1614
1629
1759
1814
8
8
8
9
10
10
8
6
6
10
6
4
6
8
7
8
8
6
9
10
8
6
8
6
6
6
9
5
5
9
9
6
6
7
7
6
7
7
5
4
4
5
6
7
6
6
2
2
29 Sept. 1965
28 Sept. 1965
26 Sept. 1965
340
320
350
330
315
314
319
325
25o
345
335
350
005
330
335
332
320
335
325
330
330
330
010
000
000
000
325
350
350
325
345
330
335
345
350
355
345
340
338
335
324
315
320
335
342
350
355
352
1831
1847
1900
1915
1932
1945
2001
2015
2033
2049
2105
2116
2130
2146
2201
2215
2232
2246
2302
2315
2330
2345
2
1
2
4
8
4
8
10
8
10
9
9
6
8
5
9
8
10
8
7
10
10
350
350
350
330
320
320
330
320
340
330
332
340
330
340
320
320
350
325
350
320
240
345
29 Sept. 1965
0002
0014
0029
0042
0058
0114
0128
0143
0158
0,1'39
0514
0615
0632
0646
0702
0716
0730
0746
0802
0817
0832
0851
0905
0917
0930
0946
1003
1017
1034
1049
1101
1115
1130
1148
1204
1214
1223
1244
1259
1314
1345
1400
1415
1430
7
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
1
2
4
4
2
4
2
4
4
6
8
6
6
8
7
4
4
6
6
6
6
8
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
8
6
6
5
5
350
355
000
355
350
000
010
003
355
240
240
118
120
120
140
160
150
140
150
155
160
180
230
158
157
170
200
180
256
155
155
150
210
270
270
168
165
170
170
180
185
175
180
195
1445
1500
1515
1530
1546
1600
1615
1630
2151
2201
2221
2234
2249
2318
2330
2350
4
4
6
3
2
3
3
4
8
4
8
9
8
7
7
4
175
170
180
195
180
185
175
175
290
310
315
315
315
307
300
310
30 Sept. 1965
0003
0016
0030
0045
0059
0116
0130
0146
0200
0216
0230
0248
0301
0317
0331
0347
0400
0415
0430
0446
0504
0516
0533
0546
0601
0619
0636
0650
0704
0718
0752
0801
0818
0925
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
4
5
8
6
6
8
6
6
4
4
4
320
320
315
320
320
310
325
335
335
34o
345
355
355
000
005
010
015
010
010
010
025
005
015
010
010
030
030
025
030
030
020
030
020
020
A-1
APPENDIX
Programs for the processing of drogue observations
A series of six related computer programs has been written to process and reduce radar
observations of drogues. While all of the programs can be run with an IBM 1620 computer, programs
4 and 6 tax the storage and speed of the machine. The IBM 1410 was substituted for all the programs
except 2 and 5, the plotter programs,
The input and output for program 4 was modified so that the program plus data could be transmitted to the Western Data Processing Center in Los Angeles. The program can be readily converted
back for use on the 1410 by changing the input/output back to resemble that of programs 3 and 6.
The user of these programs is referred to Conrad and Pollak (1950) for a detailed discussion of
material in programs 4 and 6. Reference to the IBM Systems Reference, IBM 1620-1627 FORTRAN
Plotter Subroutines, will make the operation of the plotter programs more meaningful. The general
purpose and use of the set of programs is discussed in the unpublished dissertation, Subsurface
Currents off the Oregon Coast (1966).
The title of the programs are listed below; details of each program are on the following pages.
Computer program printouts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Coordinate conversion and time interpolation of data.
Plotter program for displaying time-interpolated observations.
Determinations of mean velocity components and subsequent normalization of
observations.
Autocorrelation analysis for transformed series.
Plotter program to display results of program 4.
Determination of amplitude, phase angle, and reality parameter, p, for dominant
period.
Conrad, V. and L. Pollak. 1950. Methods in Climatology. Cambridge, Harvard University press.
459 p.
IBM 1620-1627 FORTRAN Plotter Subroutines. IBM Systems Reference Library, File Number 1620-25,
Form C26-5841 -0. 10 p.
Stevenson, M. 1966. Subsurface Currents off the Oregon Coast. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation.
Corvallis, Oregon State University. 140 p.
Program No. I
Coordinate conversion and time interpolation of data observations,
Description of program
This program accepts a series of drogue observations (ranges and bearing) collected more or
less at uniform intervals of 15 minutes between observations. The ranges and bearings of both the
drogue target and a reference buoy are on each observation card. The drogues may not be assigned
a negative or zero number. As the data cards are read the bearings are converted to corresponding
bearings in radians and the time of observation is converted to hours and decimals of hours. The
program subtracts the ship's position out from each observation and leaves the distance from the
drogue to the anchor. The time of each observation is monitored and positional interpolations are made
at even 15 minute intervals. If during the drogue series it was necessary to use a second reference
buoy, a code on the data cards enables the program to reference the second buoy to the first buoy and
then the observation is referenced to this result. The distances of the drogue from the primary buoy
along with the number of the drogue and the corresponding time are all printed and punched out on
cards. Additional drogue series are stacked behind the first series with a control card between each
series. An end program card is placed after the last of the drogue series cards. The punched cards
are in a correct format for input into the next program of this series.
A-2
Program No. 2
Plotter program for displaying time interpolated observations.
Description of program
This program is designed to be used with the IBM 1620 computer with associated plotter
machine. The software routines available for the system are assumed to be in the compiling decks.
The user of the program first indicates the physical size of the graph to be drawn and the
necessary scaling factors. The scaling factors permit all of the observations to be contained within
the drawn outline of the graph. The plotter draws the border of the graph and pauses. The user has
the option of producing single drogue trajectories on each graph or may elect to plot several on the
same graph.
The program switches on the console of the 1620 are used to select the desired option. Directions
to the user are given on the 1620 typewriter. If multiple plots are desired for a graph the machine will
pause to permit a different colored pen to be substituted for the subsequent trajectory.
There is no limit to the number of observations per trajectory, the number of trajectories, or
the number of trajectories plotted on the same graph. It is the user's responsibility, however, to
always check over the observations before using the program to insure that all data will fit on the width
of the chart paper. If an observation exceeds the maximum or minimum limitations of the chart paper,
the pen will move to the end stops of the support bar and may jam against the cog teeth of the transporting
drum. A bent pen is usually the result.
Input
Card 1
The scaling factor card
Column Format
Item
1-2
3-5
6-7
8-10
11-13
14-16
17-19
20-25
F2. 0
F3. 0
F2. 0
F3.0
F3. 1
F3. 1
13
2F3. 1
Card 2
Cruise Identification Card
maximum value for x (easternmost)
minimum value for x (westernmost)
maximum value for y (northernmost)
minimum value for y (southernmost)
number of intermediate controls number of internal grid lines for x dimension
controls number of internal grid lines for y dimension
controls style of border for graph
physical length in inches for x and y measurement of outline border
Column Format
Item
1-4
I4
Card 3
Data Card
Cruise number, i. e. , 6507 (July, 1967 cruise)
Column Format
10
2-3
4-13
14-23
24-49
50-51
IX
A2
F10. 3
F10. 3
26X
12
Item
blank space
number of drogue
east-west positional value for drogue
north-south positional value for drogue
skip these columns
a 1.0 or -1 is used in this field to signify more trajectory observations, to signify
end of trajectory and possibly end of program, or to signify option of single or
multiple trajectory plots
C DROGUE CURRENTS–PROGRAM NO. 2. PLOTTER PROGRAM FOR DISPLAYING TIME
C INTERPOLATED OBSERVATIONS.
27 READ 100,XMAX,XMIN.YMAX,YMIN,XD.YD.IC.XLIPYL
100 FORMAT (F24.0,F3.011F2.0,F3.0,F3.1,F3.1.13,2F3s1)
B.O.
READ 200.NBR
200 FORMAT (I4)
Input
A-3
Card 1
Column Format 1-6
7-12
F6. 3
F6. 3
Item
The east-west distance between the first and second reference buoy.
The north-south distance between the first and second buoy. If no second buoy
was used omit this card.
Card 2
Column Format
1-3
4-10
11-15
16-19
20-21
22-25
26-35
36-45
46-54
55-78
79-80
1-3
13
F7. 3
F5. 1
F4. 0
F2.0
14
2F5.0
F10. 3
F9. 1
25X
12
13
Item
Drogue number
Range from drogue to ship
Bearing from ship to drogue
Time of observation in hours and minutes
The number of the observation
Wind direction
Wind velocity
Range from ship to reference buoy
Bearing from ship to reference buoy
If a second reference buoy used use Al
If another drogue series is to follow, the card is left blank.
series are to follow a negative number (-1) is used.
If no more drogue
Card 3
Column
1-3
Format
13
Item
If another drogue series is to follow, the card is left blank. If no more drogue
series are to follow a negative number (-1) is used.
C DROGUE CURRENTS-PROGRAM NO. 1 0 COORDINATE CONVERSION AND TIME
C INTERPOLATION OF DATA OBSERVATIONS.
100 FORMAT (13,F7.3.F5.1,F4.0.F2.0,14,2F5.0,F10.3,F9.1.24X.121
NSET NO CARD,9X.
200 FORMAT (46H1NDROG X DIST
TT1
Y GIST
18HWIND VEL)
300 FORMAT (13,2F10.3,F10.2.215,12)02F5.0)
400 FORMAT (2F6.3)
READ (1.4001 XA.YA
NO=0
NOZ=O
NM=0
NU=O
WRITE (3.200)
18 READ (10100) NDROG,RANG,BEAR.TIM2.E2,NSET.WIND.VEL,RGIIBER.NANCH
IF (NDROG.LT.0) GO TO 660
NOZ=NOZ+NANCH
IF (NDROG.GT.0) GO TO 21
WRITE (3.200)
NO=0
NM=O
NU=O
T1=0.
T2=0.
NOZ=0
El=0.
E2=0.
X1=0.
X2=0.
Y1=0.
Y2=0.
TT1=0.
GO TO 18
21 IF
GI.90.) GO TO 16
BE ARBEA0.=9B
GO TO 20 E AM
16 BEAR
=450,-BEAR
20 E2=E2*.0166667
T2= TIM2 + E2
A-4
IF IBER.GT.90.1 GO TO 15
=90.—BER
BER
GO TO 99
=450.—BER
15 BER
*.0174532
99 BRR=BER
*.0174532
BR=BEAR
*COS(BRR)
ANCX=RG
*SIN(BRR)
ANCY=RG
*COS(BR)
XX=RANG
*SIN(BR)
YY=RANG
IF (NOZsGT.0) GO TO 1
X2=XX—ANCX
Y2=YY—ANCY
GO TO 3
1 X2=XX—ANCX—XA
Y2=YY—ANCY—YA
3 NO =N0+1
IF (NO.LE.1) TT1=TIM2
IF (NO.GT.1) GO TO 17
X1=X2
Y1=Y2
T1=1.2
E1=E2
GO TO 18
17 IF (T2sLT.T1) 12=1. 2+ 24.0
IF (T2sLTeT1) T2=72+ 24.0
IF (1.2.1.T.T1) 12=72+ 24.0
IF(T2sLT.T1) T2=T2+240
IF (TT1s0TsT2) GO TO 2
A= (X1—X2)/(T1-1.2)
AA=(Y1—Y2)/(1.1-1.2)
B=X1 — A*T1
BB.Y1—AA*T1
GO TO 22
2 X1=X2
Y1=Y2
1.1=T2
GO TO 18
22 IF (NMsGT0) GO TO 19
IF (E1—.25) 5,6,7
5 E1=.25
6 GO TO 44
8.9,10
7 IF (E1 — .50)
8 El=.50
9 GO TO 44
10 IF (E1—.75) 11,12,13
11 E1=.75
12 GO TO 44
13 El=100
44 TT1=11. 1+ El
GO TO 19
14 TT1=TT1+.25
IF (TT1eGT,T2) GO TO 23
A *TT1+B
19 X
Y =AA*TT1+138
NM=NM+1
WRITE (2,300) NDROG,X,YoTTlioNSET,NM,WIND,VEL
WRITE (3,300) NDROGiXoYsTT1,NSETioNM,WINDoVEL
NU=NU+1
IF INUsLE.50) GO TO 28
WRITE (3.200)
NU=0
28 IF (NMsGE.1) GO TO 14
23 X1=X2
Y1=Y2
T1=T2
GO TO 18
660 STOP
END
9 CALL PLOT (101,XMIN,XMAX,XL,XD.YMIN,YMAX,YLoYD)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL PLOT (90,XMIN,YMAX)
CALL CHAR (1,0.20,N6R)
666 FORMAT (13HDROGUE CRUISE,15)
CALL PLOT (99)
2 READ 1. NDROG,X.Y,ND
1 FORMAT (1X,A2,F10.31F10.3,26X,12)
4 IF (ND+1) 7.6,8
8 CALL PLOT (O.X,Y)
NDG=NDROG
GO TO 2
7 CALL PLOT (99)
TYPE 777
777 FORMAT (38HFOR MULTIPLE DROGUE PLOTS TURN ON SW.1)
TYPE 778
778 FORMAT (36HUSE ONLY TRAIL. CARD. AND CHANGE PEN)
PAUSE
38,39
IF (SENSE SWITCH].)
38 A= XMIN- (7.2+2.*6)*XMIN/XL
CALL PLOT (90,AsYMAX)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL CHAR (1.0.2.0.NDG)
334 FORMAT (2HoD,A21
CALL PLOT (99)
6=6+ .8
CALL PLOT (90,0.4.1
PAUSE
CALL PLOT (99)
GO TO 2
39 CALL PLOT (90.XMIN,YMAX)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL CHAR (1,0.200,NDG)
',DROGUE NO..A2)
333 FORMAT (30H
CALL PLOT (7)
GO TO 9
6 TYPE 300
300 FORMAT (38HLOAD FOR MORE GRAPHS, TURN ON SWITCH 2)
A= XMIN- 17.2+2.*(3)*XMIN/XL
CALL PLOT (99)
IF (SENSE SWITCH1) 26.23
26 CALL PLOT (90,A,YMAX)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL CHAR (1,0.2,0.NDG)
889 FORMAT (2H,D,A21
GO TO 12
23 CALL PLOT (90,XMIN,YMAX)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL CHAR (1.0.2,011NDG)
DROGUE NO..A2)
888 FORMAT (30H
CALL PLOT (99)
TYPE 400
400 FORMAT (24HSHIFT PEN FOR SECOND ROW)
CALL PLOT (90,XMIN.YMAX)
12 PAUSE
IF (SENSE SWITCH2) 15 11
15 CALL PLOT (991
CALL PLOT (7)
GO TO 27
11 STOP
END
Program No. 3
A-5
Determination of mean velocity components and subsequent
normalization of observations.
Description of programs
The number of observations per drogue trajectory has been limited arbitrarily to 300 due to
limitations in the storage capacity of the memory of the IBM 1410. Any number of drogue trajectories,
however, may be processed during one run of the program,
A. 6
The program accepts one set of drogue observations at a time. The output from program no. 1
is to be used because the observations have already been modified for even time intervals, i. e. , 15
minutes intervals. After the observations have been entered the x and y positional components are subjected
to a least squares fit with time as the independent variable. Mean velocity components are readily
determined and the regression lines subtracted from the series of observations. The results are an x and
y series of positional values whose component sums equal zero; that is, the component sums are
normalized. This normalization is a necessary condition for many statistical analyses. The program
then punches a deck of output cards with the normalized values and also lists the same values plus the
mean velocity components.
Input
Card 1
Item
Column Format
1-3
13
4-13
14-23
F10.3
F10. 3
drogue number; if the number 0 is used program assumes end of individual series;
if negative number is used end of program results.
x positional value
y positional value
Output
Item
Column Format
1-3
4-13
14-23
24-33
13
F10.3
F10. 3
F10. 3
drogue number
x position normalized
y position normalized
time of observation zeroed at first observation
The output consists also of the printed tabulation with the same output format. Column headings are
provided for easy identification.
C DROGUE CURRENTS-PROGRAM NO. 3. DETERMINATION OF MEAN VELOCITY
C COMPONENTS AND SUBSEQUENT NORMALIZATION OF OBSERVATIONS.
DIMENSION X(300).Y(300).7(3001
101 FORMAT (1312E10.3)
102 FORMAT (13,3F10.31
103 FORMAT (11H1 X VALUE.10H Y VALUEIP6X,4HTIME,11H DROGUE N0..14)
105 FORMAT (24H X VELOCITY COMPONENT =.F7.2.7HCM/SEC•t5X•23HY VELOCIT
lY COMPONENT =,F7.2117HCM/SEC.I
1 TT=0.
SUMT.O.
SUMX=0.
SUMY=0.
SUMXT=0.
SUMYT=0.
SUMXX=0.
SUMYY=0.
SUMTT=0.
1.1
7 READ (19101) NDROG.X( I ) loY( I )
IF (NDROG.LT.01 GO TO 600
IF (NDROG.EQ.0) GO TO 2
TT=TT+.25
TfI)=TT
XX=X(I)
YY=Y(I)
SUMT=SUMT+TT
SUMX=SUMX+XX
SUMY=SUMY+YY
SUMXT=SUMXT+XX*TT
SUMYT=SUMYT+YY*TT
SUMTT=SUMTT+TT*TT
SUMXX=SUMXX+XX*XX
SUMYY=SUMYY+YY*YY
1.1+1
NODROG=NDROG
GO TO 7
2 Z=I-1
=(Z*SUMXT-SUMX*SUMT)/(Z*SUMTT-SUMT*SUMTI
SS=(Z*SUMYT-SUMY*SUMT)/(Z*SUMTT-SUMT*SUMTI
B u(SUMX*SUMTT-SUMT*SUMXT)/(Z*SUMTT-SUMT*SUMT)
BB=(SUMY*SUMTT-SUMT*SUMYTI/(Z*SUMTT-SUMT*SUMT)
A-7
14=Z
WRITE (3,103) NODROG
DO 93 I.1,1N
X(I)=X(I)-SET(I)-B
Y(I)=Y(I)-SS*T(I)-BB
CALL PAGEND (KK)
IF (KK.E0.1) GO TO 5
WRITE (3.103) NODROG
5 WRITE (2.102) NODROGIDX(I)tY(I),T(I)
WRITE (30102) NODROG,X(I),Y(I)oT(I)
93 CONTINUE
S.51.4841S
SS=5I.413*SS
WRITE (3.105) S.SS
GO TO 1
600 STOP
END
Program No. 4
Autocorrelation analysis for the first six transformed series of
data in component form.
Description of program
The number of observations allowed in a drogue trajectory is limited to 300 observations due to
the limited space available in the memory storage of the IBM 1410 computer. Any number of drogue
trajectories, however, may be processed at one machine run.
The output cards from program no. 3 are fed into this program. The observations are then
subjected to an autocorrelation analysis for the x and y components.
In brief the analysis consists of taking the observations from 1 to n-1 as a group and 2 through
n as a second group. The correlation coefficient is then computed for the two groups. By employing
successive lags of observation intervals a series of correlation coefficients are determined that are
called collectively the first transformed series, Additional transformed series are produced by using
the previous series as the original series of data. The program has been limited to six transformed
series because most coherant information is indicated by the time the sixth series is produced.
Usually the dominant periodic feature is evident after the 2nd or 3rd transformation,
For each drogue series of data, the program makes a tabulation of the autocorrelation
series and punches a card deck for each series.
Input
Card 1
Number of observations
Item
Column Format
1-3
13
Card 2
Data Card
number of cards in drogue series; a blank card is used after the last series to
call end of program
Item
Column Format
1-3
4-7
8-13
14-17
18-23
13
4X
F6. 3
4X
F6. 3
drogue number
blank space
normalized x value
blank space
normalized y value
Output consists of a tabulation of each transformed series with an accompanying deck of cards. The
program as listed is suitable for processing of data at the Western Data Processing Center, located
in Los Angeles.
C DROGUE CURRENTS—PROGRAM NO. 4. AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS FOR THE
C FIRST SIX TRANSFORMED SERIES OF DATA IN COMPONENT FORM.
DIMENSION YY(30010XX(30010(13001.Y(300)
100 FORMAT (I3)
101 FORMAT (I3.2(4X.F6.3)1
102 FORMAT (12H1***********1
104 FORMAT (29H1AUTO CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF.32H TIME SPACED DROGUE TR
1AJECTORIES)
CARD NO..12H SERIE
TIME
222 FORMAT (44H NDROG TRANSFORMED SERIES IS NO.tI2)
555 FORMAT II3o4M X=.F6.3.4)1 Y=oF6.3.F8.2,I101
READ (5.100) N
WRITE (60102)
15 WRITE (6,104)
NO=0
JM=1
1 IM=0
IT=0.
IH=0
SM=0.
XSM=0.
IF (NO.GE.I) GO TO 75
DO 7 I=1.N
7 READ (5,101) NDROG.X(I).Y(I)
WRITE (6.2221 JM
NN=N
A=N
GO TO 13
75 LM=N
NN=LM
A=LM
DO 22 I=loLM
Y(I)=YY(I)
X(I)=XX(I)
XSM=XSM+X(I)
22 SM=SM+Y(I)
5 AVE=SM/A
AV=XSM/A
DO 99 I=1*NN
X(I)=X(I)—AV
99 YII)=Y(I)—AVE
13 M=N-2
DO 2 K=loM
SUMM=0.
XSUMM=0.
SSOB=0.
XSSQB=0.
SUM=0.
XSUM=0.
SSQA=0.
XSSOA=0.
XPROD=O.
PROD.°.
Z=N—K
NM=K+1
DO 3 I=NMOIN
YB=Y(I)
XB=X(I)
SUMM=SUMM+YB
XSUMM=XSUMM+XB
XSSOB=XSS0B+XB*XB
3 SSOB=SSOB+YB*YB
MM=N—K
DO 4 J=loMM
XB=X(J)
YB=Y(J)
SUM=SUM+YB
XSUM=XSUM+XB
SSCIA=SSOA+YB*YB
XSS0A=XSSQA+XB*XB
MMM=J+K
XPROD=XPROD+XB*X(MMM)
4 PROD=PROD+YB*Y(MMM)
SSA=SUM*SUM
XSSA=XSUM*XSUM
SSBaSUMM*SUMM
XSSB=XSUMM*XSUMM
YY(K1=(PROD — SUM*SUMM/21/(SORTIABSC(SSQA—SSA/2)*(SSOB—SSB/Z))))
XX(K)=IXPROD—XSUM*XSUMM/21/ISORT(ABSI(XSS0A—XSSA/Z)*(ASSOB—XSSB/ZI
1)11
A-8
A-9
IM=IM+1
IN=1H+1
IF (IH.LE.50) GO TO 27
WRITE (6,104)
WRITE (6,222) JM
IM=1
27 TT=TT+.25
2 WRITE (6,555) NDROGtXX(K),YY(K),TTtIM
N=N-2
NO=N0+1
IF (NO.GT.1) GO TO 98
WRITE (6,102)
98 JM=JM+1
IF (NO.GT.5) GO TO 6
IF (NO.GT.4) WRITE (6,102)
WRITE (6,104)
WRITE (6.222) JM
GO TO 1
6 WRITE (6,102)
READ (5,100) N
IF (N.E0.0) GO TO 14
WRITE (60102)
GO TO 15
14 STOP
END
Program No. 5
Plotter program displays results of program no. 4.
Description of program
This program has the option of plotting data from transformed series originating from either
current meter or drogue observations. The appropriate option is indicated by the 1620 console typewriter after the program has been loaded.
The number of observations is limited to 300 as specified in program no. 4.
Once the scaling factor card has been read, the plotter draws a rectangular border and labels
the important lines. The observations are all read in and the x component series is drawn. The pen
shifts a short distance and the y component series is drawn. At this point the,pen is again shifted for
a new set of data. There is no limit to the number of series to be plotted.
Input
Card 1
Scaling factor card
Column Format
1-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-33
F5. 1
F5. 1
F5. 1
F5. 1
F5. 1
F5. 1
13
Item
minimum value for the x value
controls the number of internal grid lines on x axis
maximum value for the x value
maximum value for the y value
'Minimum value for the y value
controls the number of internal grid lines on the y axis
controls style of border for graph
Card 2
Column Format
1-4
14
Item
number of the cruise; a blank card signifies end of program
Card 3
A..10
Data card
Column Format
1-4
5-8
9-14
15-18
19-24
14
4X
F6. 3
4X
F6. 3
Item
drogue number; if negative, program may terminate
blank space
x value from program 4
blank space
y value from program 4
C DROGUE CURRENTS – PROGRAM NO. S. PLOTTER PROGRAM DISPLAYS RESULTS
C OF PROGRAM 4.
DIMENSION X(300),Y(300)
TYPE 105
105 FORMAT (39HTURN ON SW.3 ONLY FOR L.A. VERSION DATA)
PAUSE
TYPE 121
102 FORMAT (36HTURN ON SW.4 FOR CURRENT METER PLOTS)
PAUSE
96 READ 109.XMIN.XD,YMAX.YMIN,YL,YD.IC
109 FORMAT (6E5.1.13)
IF (SENSE SWITCH 4) 4.10
10 READ 100. NCRUIS
100 FORMAT (14)
IF (NCRUIS +01 98,98.20
20 NTS.1
11 1=1
1 IF (SENSE SWITCH 3) 38.97
38 READ 191oNDROG.X(1).Y(11
191 FORMAT (14,4X0F6.3.4X,F6.3)
GO TO 90
97 READ 101,NDROG,X(I),Y(I)
101 FORMAT
(13.4X.F6.3,4X.F6.3)
90 IF (NDROG+0) 98.3.2
2 I=I+1
NDG=NDROG
GO TO 1
3 XMAX=I-1
XL=.1*XMAX
CALL PLOT (IC. XMIN .XMAX.XL,XD.YMIN,YMAX,YL,YD)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL PLOT (90.XMIN,YMAX)
CALL CHAR(3110.2.0,NCRUISoNDGIINTS)
222 FORMAT (13HDROGUE CRUISE.15,2H D.13,14H. X T.S. NO..12)
CALL PLOT (99)
T=1.
J=1
5 XA=X(J)
CALL PLOT (90.7.XA)
T=T+1.
J=J+1
IF (XMAX – T) 6,5,5
6 CALL PLOT(7)
CALL PLOT (IC,XMIN,XMAX,XL.XD,YMIN.YMAX.YL.YD)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL PLOT (90,XMIN,YMAX)
CALL CHAR(3110.2.01,NCRUIS.NOGOTS)
333 FORMAT(13HDROGUE CRUISE,15,2H D,13,14H, Y T.S. NO.,12)
CALL PLOT (99)
K.1
7.1.
7 YA=Y(K)
CALL PLOT (90sTioYA)
T.T+1.
K.K+1
IF (XMAX – T) 89707
8 TYPE 103
103 FORMAT (33HTURN ON SW.1 FOR NEW CRUISE PLOTS)
CALL PLOT (7)
PAUSE
IF (SENSE SWITCH 1) 10,9
9 NTS n NTS+1
GO TO 11
4 READ 111,NCODE
111 FORMAT (I4)
NTS=1
IF (NCODE-0) 98.93993
A-11
93 L=1
14 READ 112.NZ.X(L).Y(L)
112 FORMAT (14,4X.F6.304X.F6.3)
IF (N2+0) 13.12,12
12 L=L+1
NDEPTH=NZ
GO TO 14
13 XMAX=L-1
XL=0.14XMAX
17 CALL PLOT (tC,XMIN.XMAX,XL,XD.YMINIIYMAX.YL.YUI
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL PLOT (9011XMIN,YMAX)
CALL CHAR (3110.2.001CODE,NDEPTH,NTS)
444 FORMAT (18HCURRENT METER DATA,I5.3X.8HDEPTH(M).I5,10HX.T.S. NO..
112)
CALL PLOT (99)
T=1.
M=1
15 XA=X(M)
CALL PLOT (90.T.XA)
T=T+1.
M=M+1
IF (XMAX – T) 16.15,15
16 CALL PLOT (7)
CALL PLOT (1C.XMIN.XMAX,XL.XD,YMIN,YMAXIIYLIIYD)
CALL PLOT (99)
CALL CHAR (300.2,0,NCODE.NDEPTHaNTS)
555 FORMAT (18HCURRENT METER DATA.15.3)(03HDEPTHIM),15,10HY.T.S. NO.,
112)
JJ.1
T=1.
CALL PLOT (99)
95 YA=Y(JJ)
CALL PLOT (90.T.YA)
T=T+1.
JJ=JJ+1
IF (XMAX-71 94.95095
94 TYPE 104
104 FORMAT (31HTURN ON SW.2 FOR NEW C.M. PLOTS)
CALL PLOT(7)
PAUSE
IF (SENSE SWITCH 2) 4,18
18 NTS=NTS+1
GO TO 93
98 STOP
END
Program No. 6
Determination of dominant amplitude and phase angle plus reality
parameter for dominant period.
Description of program
The number of observations for each drogue are limited to 300, due to limited storage
capability plus the restriction placed on programs 4 and 5.
Two sets of cards are Used for each drogue trajectory. The first deck consists of the cards from
the first transformed series. The variance is determined for each component from the first deck. The
magnitude of the variance of the first transformed series is an indication as to the reliability of the
dominant period. For details of this method the reader is referred to Conrad and Pollak (1950).
After the reality or reliability of the dominant periods has been determined the program reads
the second deck of cards. The deck is the output deck from the third program. A Fourier analysis is
made of the two component series when the user provides an estimate of the dominant period derived
from the output of the fourth program. The program determines the phase angle and amplitude of
the period and then with these determined characteristics subracts out the period from the second
set of data cards. The series that results from this subtraction process is both tabulated and
punched on data cards.
The deck of output cards may then be resubmitted into program 4 and subsequent programs to
determine secondary periodic features.
A-12
Input
Card 1
Cruise identification
Column Format
Item
1-4
5-7
A4
Card 2
Is from transformed series deck
13
cruise number; if blank card is used program is ended
number of cards in first transformed series
Column Format
1-4
4-8
9-14
15-18
19-24
14
4X q
F6. 3
5X
F6. 3
Item
drogue number
blank space
x component of transformed series
blank space
y component of transformed series
Card 3
Column Format
1-3
4-6
7-9
13
F3. 0
F3. 0
Item
number of cards in normalized deck
dominant periods for x and y respectively are expressed by multiplying hours
and fractions of hours (to nearest . 25) by number of observations per hour;
i. e. 4.
A period of 12.5 hours for x would result in 12.5 x 4 = 50 = Tx.
C DROGUE CURRENTS–PROGRAM NO. 6. DETERMINATION OF DOMINANT AMPLITUDE
C AND PHASE ANGLE PLUS REALITY PARAMETER FOR DOMINANT PERIOD.
DIMENSION X(300).Y(300)
100 FORMAT (13.2F3.0)
101 FORMAT (13t2F10.3)
102 FORMAT (15H PHASE ANGLE X=,F6.1.5HDEG. .14HPHASE ANGLE Y=0F6.1.4HU
lEG.)
X AMPLITUDE=tF6.2,11H Y P
103 FORMAT (10H X PERIOD=tF6.2t22HHOURS
Y AMPLITUDE=.F6.2)
lERIOD=tF6.2022HHOURS
104 FORMAT (15H PHASE ANGLE X=1,F6.1.7HRADIANS02X1114HPKASE ANGLE Y=t
1F6.1t7HRADIANS)
105 FORMAT (5H1N/2=.F6.1.12H X VARIANCE I ,F7.3.4H RX=tF6.3012H Y VARIAN
10E=.F7.3.4H RY=.F6.3)
106 FORMAT (13.3F10.3)
107 FORMAT (A4.13)
108 FORMAT(18H1DROGUE CRUISE NO.,A4,11H DROGUE NO.013)
109 FORMAT (14t4X,F6.3t4XtF6.3)
4 READ (1.107) NCRUIS.N
IF (NCRUIS.E0.01 GO TO 99
R=N
ANO=R/2.
SIGX=0.
SIGY=0.
00 2 K=101
READ (1.109) NDROGtX(K)tY(K)
SIGY=SIGY+Y(K)*Y(K)
2 SIGX=SIGX +X(K)*X(K)
SIGY=SIGY/R
SIGX=SIGX/R
RX=1./(2.*SIGX)
RY=1./(2.*SIGY)
WRITE (3,105) ANNSIGX0X.SIGYtRY
READ (1.100) N.TX.TY
R=N
T=0.
SSMX=0.0
SSMX2=0.
SSMY=0.0
SSMY2=0.
PHIX=6.28318/CTX)
PHIY=6.28318/(TY)
DO 1 K=104
Z=K
A-13
PHX=2*PHIX
PHY=2*PHIY
READ ( 1 •101 NDROGO(K sY(K)
SSMY=SSMY+ YtK)*SIN( PHY)
SSMY2=SSMY2+Y(K)*COSt PHY)
SSMX=SSMX+X(K) *SIN(
PHX)
1 SSMX2=SSMX2+X(K)*CO5( PHX)
BMPX=(SSMX*SSMX+SSMX2*SSMX2)*4./(R*R)
E1MPY=1SSMY*SSMY+SSMY2*SSMY2)*4./(R*R)
AMPX=SORT(8MPX1
AMPY=SORT(8MPY)
TX=TX*.25
TY=TY*.25
WRITE 13.103) TX,AMPX.TY0AMPY
TGDX=SSMX2/SSMX
TGDY=SSMY2/SSMY
WRITE 13.104) TGDX.TGDY
TGDX=ANGLEISSMX,SSMX2,0)
TGDY=ANGLE1SSMY,SSMY2.0)
GDX=TGDX
GDY=TGDY
GDX=ANGLE(SSMX,SSMX2,1)
GDY=ANGLEtSSMY.SSMY2.1)
WRITE (31.102)
GDX, GDY
DO 3 K=1,N
Z=K
PHX =Z*PHIX
PHY =Z*PHIY
T=T+.25
X(K)=X(K) — AMPX*SINt PHX +TGDX)
Y(K)=Y(K) — AMPY*SIN( PHY +TGDY)
CALL PAGEND tKK)
IF (KK.EQ.1) GO TO 31
WRITE (3,108) NCRUIS,NDROG
31 WRITE(3.106) NDROGsX(K)0Y(K),T
3 WRITE 12.106)NDROG.X(K),Y(K).T
GO TO 4
99 STOP
END
MONES
EXEQ FORTRAN
FUNCTION ANGLE(X,YoLl
D=0.
IF 1L-1) 1001.1002.1002
1001 0=1.
GO TO 1003
1002 Q=57.29578
1003 IF tX) 1008.1004.1010
1004 IF (Y).1005.1006.1007
1005 ANGLE=Q*4.71239
RETURN
1006 ANGLE=.O
RETURN
1007 ANGLE=Q*1.57080
RETURN
1008 D=3.14159
1009 ANGLE=0.01(ATAN(Y/X)+D)
RETURN
1010 IF(?) 1011.1006,1009
1011 D=6.28318
GO TO 1009
END
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1786 S. E. Fifteenth Avenue
Fot Lauderdale, Florida 33316
1 Mr. J. A. Gast
Wildlife Building
Humboldt State College
Arcata, California 95521
1 Director
Ocean Research Institute
University of Tokyo
Tokyo, Japan
1 Department of Geology and
Geophysics
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
1 Marine Biological Association of
the United Kingdom
The Laboratory
Citadel Hill
Plymouth, England
1 Division of Engineering and
Applied Physics
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
1625 K Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20006