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CONTENTS Section 1 Unit Specification – module descriptor Section 2 Teacher/lecturer support notes • Introduction Delivering the unit The learning environment Opportunities for integration of units Suggested learning and teaching Supporting students with varying abilities and expenditure • Resources (including resource database) • Lesson plans/scheme of work • Details of introductory sessions Section 3 Student Materials Student Workbook and Background Information • Introduction to unit • Introduction to foods of the world • Information sheet – Characteristics of foodstuffs • Sample answer sheet – Characteristics of foodstuffs • • • • • • Introduction to China (including worksheet) Introduction to France (including optional worksheet) Introduction to India (including optional worksheet) Introduction to Italy (including optional worksheet) Introduction to Japan Introduction to Spain (including optional worksheet) Student Report Proforma • Suggested format/layout for report • Checklist – traditional foodstuffs and dishes • Characteristics of foodstuffs • Characteristics of traditional dishes Student Recipes • Suggested traditional recipes for class practicals (non-assessable) • China – Chow mein • China – Fried rice • France – Quiche lorraine • India – Chicken Curry • India – Naan breads • Italy – Grissini • Italy – Pizza Margherita Resource Database Section 1 National Unit Specification Foods of the World (Intermediate 2) Course Publication date Hospitality (Intermediate 2) September 1997 (First edition) Summary On successful completion of this unit, the student will have greater awareness of foods produced in different countries, and then concentrate on one specific country. Outcomes 1. Identify a range of traditional foodstuffs used in one specified country. 2. Investigate a range of traditional dishes produced in the specified country. 3. Produce a range of traditional dishes from the specified country. Recommended Entry While entry is at the discretion of the centre, students would find it advantageous to have attained: • Standard Grade Home economics at General level • a course or units in Hospitality or Home Economics at Intermediate 1 • other appropriate of catering-related units, or • equivalent industrial experience. Credit Value 1 credit at intermediate 2. Core Skills It is unlikely that attainment of this unit would lead to the automatic award of a particular core skill. A final statement will be provided at a later date by the Scottish Qualifications Authority, once full validation procedures are complete. The Subject Guide indicates how learning and teaching methods commonly used in this subject can permit core skills components to be claimed. This will require evidence of attainment to be gathered and held for moderation, using relevant dedicated core skills units. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Unit Specification – Foods of the World (Int 2) 1 OUTCOME 1 Identify a range of traditional foodstuffs used in one specified country. Performance criteria a. The identified range of traditional foodstuffs is correct for the specified country. b. The characteristics of a range of ingredients which have been identified for the specified country are described. Evidence requirements Evidence must be provided to show that the students have carried out detailed research to identify a range of foodstuffs particular to a specified country, the range being herbs, spices, cereals, pulses, meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit, dairy products. The evidence should be provided in report form integrated with he requirements of Outcome 2. OUTCOME 2 Investigate a range of traditional dishes produced in the specified country. Performance criteria a. The identified range of dishes produced in the specified country is correct. b. The characteristics of the range of dishes which have been identified for the specified country are described. Evidence requirements Evidence must be provided, in report form, that having selected foodstuffs from a specified country the student has identified a range of dishes particular to the chosen country. At least five dishes must be identified, each from a different category of the following: cold dishes, soups, meat dishes, fish dishes, rice dishes, pasta dishes, vegetable dishes, potato dishes, salads, sweets, pastries, breads. OUTCOME 3 Produce a range of traditional dishes from the specified country. Performance criteria a. The dishes produced are of an acceptable, edible standard. b. Dishes are accurate in terms of those traditionally produced in the specified country. c. Dishes are produced in a safe and hygienic manner. Evidence requirements Evidence must be provided to show that the student has produced, on at least one occasion, the different dishes identified in outcome 2 The evidence should be recorded on a structured observation checklist. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Unit Specification – Foods of the World (Int 2) 2 Guidance on the content and context for this unit The main function of this unit is to provide the student with an opportunity to carry out research into commodities used and dishes produced from a country of their choice. This research should encourage students to use a wide range of internal and external sources of information. The practical activity should reflect the information gathered by the student for their chosen country. Content will cover: • background information into cooking traditions in several countries • selection of a range of dishes from a specified country • research of commodities and dishes • traditional preparation and presentation of selected dishes from the specified country. Guidance on learning and teaching approaches for this unit Students should be given the opportunity to work towards outcomes in an integrated way wherever possible. Outcomes 1 and 2 require an investigative approach with the student receiving structured indicators and references. Help should be given when selecting the specified country – available information and resources must be taken into account and may result in a limited choice range being stated. Where possible , the student should be given a free hand when selecting the country but must be able to indicate that all information required is realistically available. Outcome 3 is a practical outcome and should bring together the findings of the investigation which was completed within Outcomes 1 and 2. The student should record the information acquired within this unit in a log/diary format. Guidance on approaches to assessment for this unit Outcomes 1 and 2 should be assessed using an integrated approach with the instrument of assessment being presented in a project form. A structured observation checklist should be used to record satisfactory performance for practical activities in Outcome 3. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Unit Specification – Foods of the World (Int 2) 3 Section 2 Teacher/lecturer support notes Introduction This unit introduces students to traditional foodstuffs and dishes from other countries and to the factors which influence them, for example geography, climate and culture. The unit also introduces the characteristics of foodstuffs. Following the introduction, students will investigate the traditional foodstuffs and dishes from a country of their choice. Students will select and prepare a range of these traditional dishes. The results of investigative work will be presented in report form. This unit has been written as a free-standing unit, but may be integrated within the Hospitality Practical Cookery (Int 2). Delivering the unit The teacher/lecturer will play an important part in providing information, advice and support. They will also provide practical support in the organisation and teaching of practical skills required for the practical element of this unit. The students will be provided with an outline of the unit and the performance criteria. The main emphasis of this unit is the production of the student report and associated choice practical lessons, however, there is a range of suggested tasks and non-assessed practicals to support the teaching of this unit. The assessment items for this unit are a student report and a structured observational checklist. The learning environment A practical food preparation room will be required for at least half of this unit in order to carry out introductory practical lessons and students’ chosen practical activities. A standard classroom will be required for the remainder to enable research and report writing with teacher/lecturer support. Audiovisual facilities may be required. Access to a range of resources will be necessary, e.g. the department library, the school/ college library, local libraries, and the use of Internet and CD-ROM facilities, if available. IT facilities may be useful for students in the production of the written report. Opportunities for integration of units It would be feasible to integrate the practical activities for Outcome 3 of Foods of the World with the practical outcomes in Microwave Cookery, Convenience Foods and Food Preparation for Healthy Eating. However, it is not possible to be prescriptive since the dishes for Outcome 3 are chosen by the students and may vary considerably in method of preparation and skills. It would be particularly useful to integrate assessment for dual marking in the case of absence or reassessment. It may also be useful to prepare a range of ready made convenience foods from other countries as an introduction to this unit which could meet the evidence requirements for the other units in the Practical Cookery course. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) T.1 Suggested learning and teaching approaches This unit is designed for students wishing to further develop and improve the practical vocational skills of food preparation and to increase their product knowledge of a range of foodstuffs. It is designed to develop practical skills in food preparation and to develop skills in research, investigation and understanding of a range of foodstuffs. It will also further develop the skills associated with practical food preparation, i.e. food hygiene, safety and presentation as well as skills in report writing. The teacher/lecturer will be required to coordinate the acquisition/provision of a range of resources, e.g. books, videos, Internet access, etc. The teacher/lecturer should introduce the unit with a selection of books and videos to complement the background information if possible. The students will be provided with background information and will complete associated introductory tasks and suggested practical lessons if desired. This will provide them with background knowledge and exemplar material on which to base their own investigative work. It will also allow for practical work to take place in the early stages of the unit to motivate students. The format of the report and exemplar proformas should be introduced at an early stage so that students know what is expected of them. Students should choose a country for investigation as soon as possible to allow them to begin their search for suitable resources. The teacher will require to guide candidates if necessary towards a suitable country for investigation. The suggested scheme of work makes provision for students’ ongoing supported research and carrying out of chosen practical activities whilst providing a suggested range of tasks and practicals to provide background knowledge. The unit provides the opportunity for: • class lessons • self-supported study • practical sessions • teacher/lecturer demonstration • choice practical sessions. Supporting students with varying abilities and experience The nature of this unit allows for differentiation by level of support and guidance for students in the selection and use of resources for investigation. Students should be directed towards a suitable country for investigation where there are appropriate resources available. The background information booklet could be simplified or a simpler text, e.g. Food Around the World used for the introduction. The use of the suggested proformas and charts will make investigative work more straightforward and the use of IT facilities will also greatly assist students in the use of proformas for presentation of the report. A range of suggested tasks, in the form of optional worksheets, provide extension tasks where required. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) T.2 Resources Due to the element of choice in this unit and the vast number of books and other resources available on this subject, it is not possible to be prescriptive in listing resources. The following standard texts, which provide some general information on a range of commodities, may be useful: Clarke & Herbert Davies, Jill Prisk, Elaine Ridgewell, Jenny Tull, Anita 1986 1997 1991 1996 1992 1995 Food Facts Cooking Explained Home Economics and Food Technology Examining Food & Nutrition Food and Nutrition The Theory of Catering Nelson Longman Collins Heinneman Oxford Hodder & Stoughton The following texts would be particularly valuable as general reference books covering a wide range of foodstuffs or/and countries: Bailey, Adrian Ridgewell, Jenny 1994 Dorling Kindersley Encyclopedia of Cooks’ Ingredients 1986 Food Around The World Oxford Grigson, Sophie 1993 Ingredients Book Mitchell Ortiz, 1992 The Encyclopedia of Elizabeth Lambert 1992 Herbs, Spices and Flavourings Ward, Suzie 1997 The Gourmet Atlas Dorling Kindersley Dorling Kindersley Apple Excellent reference book – fairly concise information on a wide range of ingredients A little dated and very brief in all aspects but useful for less able students or as an introduction A good reference book – fairly detailed information on a good range of ingredients An excellent reference book – detailed information on traditional foodstuffs from a range of countries A very good reference book – useful for the teacher/lecturer to check sources The following texts would be particularly useful for providing information on specific traditional foodstuffs: Hom, Ken 1994 Ken Hom’s Chinese Kitchen Pavilion Books Excellent – detailed information on Chinese ingredients and recipes Bharadnaj, 1996 The Indian Pantry Kyle Cathie Ltd A good book – ideal layout for research – fairly detailed information on commodities with traditional recipes for each Various 1997 The Italian Cooking Encyclopedia Anness Pub. Ltd. Excellent – detailed information on a good range of ingredients The following videos are informative, up-to-date and cover both traditional foodstuffs and recipe preparation: Ken Hom Cooks Chinese, BBC videos (£6.99) Valentina Harris Cooks Italian, BBC videos (£6.99) Other TV series, e.g. Antonio Carluccio’s Italian Feast, would be interesting and useful to students investigating other countries. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) T.3 A range of CD-ROMs are now available and although the information provided tends to be very brief some students may find this type of resource adds variety to their research, e.g. World Cuisine – Chinese, Madeline Grey, Oasis Blue Production, 1996. The following format/headings may be useful when compiling a list of resources available within your school/college: Hospitality – Int. 2 Foods of the World - Resource Database Reference books e.g. World Book Encyclopedia CD-ROMs e.g. Newspapers (food features) The Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia National Geographic on CD-ROM World Cuisine CD-ROMs Magazines e.g. BBC Good Food Good Housekeeping Tesco’s Recipe Magazine Daily Newspapers e.g. The Scotsman The Daily Telegraph World Wide Web Web sites featuring cuisine from different countries Books Author Hom, Ken Date 1994 Title Ken Hom’s Chinese Kitchen Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) Published Pavilion T.4 Suggested scheme of work Suitable for 20 x 2 hour sessions (or could be adapted for 40 x 1 hour or to suit time allocation, as appropriate). Session no. 1/2 Outcome no. 1 Topic Introduction to unit Issue student workbook Define characteristics of foodstuffs 2/3 1 Introduce report proforma Discuss countries suitable for investigation and availability of resources, e.g.visit library 4 2&3 Introduction to characteristics of traditional dishes Video and sample practical session 5-13 1&2 Continue to introduce background information from student workbook and carry out the suggested practical sessions (non-assessable) throughout the next few sessions as required 14-17 3 18-19 1,2 &3 20 Evaluation Students will identify and investigate a range of traditional foodstuffs from a country of their choice. Students will identify and investigate the characteristics of a range of traditional dishes suitable for preparation for Outcome 3 Students will submit food orders for at least five dishes for Outcome 3 Allow at least 40% of time allocation for this, i.e. 16 hours Students will prepare at least five traditional dishes from their chosen country for assessment – allow 20% of time allocation for this outcome, i.e. 8 hours Remediation, reassessment or completion of report or student workbook tasks The suggested practicals for each country may be used in order to incorporate practical sessions over the first few weeks of this module until students are ready to carry out their chosen practicals for Outcome 3 The workbook provides the required background information but it should be noted that the suggested tasks are optional and may be used if desired to illustrate the background information. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) T.5 Details of introductory sessions Sessions 1/2 (3/4 hour) Upon completion of these sessions students should: • have received their Student Workbook and Background Information • be aware of the three outcomes of the unit and the assessment procedure • have completed the spray diagram on the main factors which influence the traditional foodstuffs of different countries (see teacher/lecturer reference sheet) • have an understanding of some of the factors which influence the traditional foodstuffs and dishes in different countries of the world (use Student Workbook – Introduction to China as an example) • have read the information sheet on characteristics of foodstuffs and looked at the example given for potatoes • be able to define the characteristics of foodstuffs (Outcome 1b) • have completed the Characteristics of Rice Proforma in the workbook. Sessions 2/3 Upon completion of these sessions, the student should: • have received their Report Proforma • have discussed suitable countries for investigation due to availability of resources • be able to identify traditional foodstuffs (Outcome 1a) • be able to identify traditional dishes (Outcome 2a) – see the information sheet Characteristics of Traditional Dishes and use suggested practical dishes (non-assessable) as examples for layout. If students have not had an induction from school/college library it would be appropriate at this stage in order to facilitate investigative research using a variety of sources. Session 4 Upon completion of this session, students should: • be able to identify the characteristics of traditional dishes (Outcome 2b) • have produced an example of an authentic traditional dish which is of an acceptable standard and was produced in a safe and hygienic manner (Outcome 3). Other sessions are explained in fuller detail in the overview on previous page. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) T.6 Session 1: Introduction – Teacher Reference Sheet Introduction to the main factors that influence traditional foodstuffs The following points may be used as part of a class/group discussion to aid students to produce a spray diagram (in student workbook) on the factors, that influence the traditional foodstuffs in different countries. This will form part of the introduction to the topic. Climate and geography • type of farming • availability of food • staple foods • seasonal variations Culture • traditions – ethical beliefs, feasts • eating patterns, family meals – lifestyle, type of work, shopping facilities • method of preparation – cooking methods Religion • taboo foods • dietary laws or requirements Social • knowledge of food and nutrition • peer pressure • advertising Economic • proportion of income available for food • cost of foodstuffs • cost/availability of fuel • government policy Technology • ease of transport/distribution of foods • the effect of processing/manufacture • availability of different convenience forms of foodstuffs • effect on agriculture • domestic technology/cooking methods It would also be pertinent to point out that the increased popularity of foreign foods in Britain has been influenced by the following factors: • increased foreign travel/holidays • Britain is now a multiracial/multicultural society • people have different ethnic and cultural origins • increased number of foreign restaurants/take-aways • increased trade – imports/exports • TV/media promotion. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) T.7 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) T.8 Student workbook and Background Information Foods of the World Hospitality: Practical Cookery (Int 2) Introduction This unit gives you the opportunity to carry out research into commodities used and dishes produced from a country of your choice. To be successful in this unit you have to: 1. identify a range of traditional foodstuffs used in one specific country 2. investigate a range of traditional dishes produced in one specific country 3. produce a range of traditional dishes from the specified country. Assessment (see Unit Assessment – Section 5 candidates’ guide) Acceptable performance in this unit will be based on satisfactory achievement of the following. Outcome 1 You are required to: (a) identify at least two traditional foodstuffs specific to the country of your choice from eight of the following categories: herbs, spices, cereals, pulses, meats, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit or dairy products (b) describe in detail the characteristics of at least one foodstuff from eight of the above categories (i.e. at least eight in total) This evidence should be provided in report form together with that of Outcome 2. Outcome 2 You are required to: (a) identify at least three examples of traditional dishes specific to the country of your choice from eight of the following categories: cold dishes, soups, meat dishes, fish dishes, rice or pasta dishes, vegetable, potato, salad, sweets, pastries or breads (i.e. 24 in total) (b) describe in detail the characteristics of five of these traditional dishes (one each from different categories). This evidence should be provided in report form together with that of Outcome 1. Outcome 3 You are required to: (a) produce the five dishes identified in Outcome 2b to an acceptable, edible standard (b) ensure the dishes are traditionally accurate for the specified country (c) produce the dishes in a safe and hygienic manner. This evidence will be assessed by the teacher/lecturer using a structured, observational checklist. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.1 Foods of the World Traditionally people in different countries relied on local foodstuffs to prepare their meals. These foodstuffs depended on the geography and climate of the country which influenced what could be grown, reared or gathered locally. Nowadays there are many other socioeconomic factors which influence the availability of local foodstuffs. Task Discuss with your class/group the main factors that influence traditional food choices. Present the results of your discussion in a spray diagram. Main factors which influence traditional foodstuffs in different countries One of the most stimulating aspects of studying food is sampling new foodstuffs and dishes. Why do you think foreign foods are so popular in Britain today? Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.2 Information Sheet – Characteristics of foodstuffs What are the characteristics of foodstuffs? Characteristics are distinctive qualities or properties, e.g. a distinctive flavour, colour or texture. The following headings can be used to describe in detail the characteristics of a particular foodstuff. Not all headings will be appropriate for all foodstuffs. Remember to choose foodstuffs to investigate that you can find detailed information on. Origin the type of animal or plant, country or climate of origin Production a description of how it is produced or processed, e.g. from raw material to foodstuff Quality or types the list of types, range of qualities, grades or varieties available, including convenience forms Storage any special conditions required for storage Properties e.g. adds flavour, colour, texture, thickening, bulk, sweetening, setting agent, air, or enhances preservation, emulsifying, shortening or binding Nutritional value an explanation of the nutritional value plus non-starch polysaccaride content (if appropriate) Uses in a range of sweet and/or savoury dishes Traditional dishes particular uses, e.g. noodles in chow mein Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.3 Sample answer sheet – Characteristics of foodstuffs Traditional foodstuff: potato Specified country: Britain Origin Potatoes are the underground tuber of a plant from the solanum family. A single plant may produce several kilos of potatoes Production New potatoes are harvested from early May onwards and the main crop from September onwards Quality or types Vegetables are graded by the European Union as follows: Extra class – top quality Class 1 – good quality Class 2 – reasonable quality Class 3 – low marketable quality Choose firm, unblemished potatoes which are evenly sized and shaped. The skin of different types of potatoes can vary in colour from pale gold to pink to dark brown depending on the variety. The colour of the flesh can also vary from white or cream through to deep, soft yellow. The texture of the cooked potato tends to fall into four categories: floury, firm, waxy or salad. • • • • • These characteristics determine their suitability for end uses: all-purpose varieties include King Edward’s, Maris Piper and Pentland Hawk baking varieties include Estima, Golden Wonder, Pentland Dell and Pentland Squire salad varieties include Jersey Royal and Pink Fir Apple good chipping varieties include Maris Piper and Pentland Dell convenience forms include canned, frozen, cook-chill products, crisps, etc. Storage Store fresh potatoes in a cool, dark, well-ventilated place because light will cause them to develop green patches Properties Potatoes are an economical and filling staple food used to add bulk to the diet. Nutritional value Potatoes are composed of about 80% water and about 19% starchy carbohydrate which provides energy in the diet New potatoes provide vitamin C Potatoes are also a useful source of non-starch polysaccaride if the skins are eaten Uses Potatoes are extremely versatile. They can be boiled or baked in their skins or peeled and mashed, roasted sauteed or fried. Traditional dishes List Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.4 Introduction to China China covers a vast area of eastern Asia with drastic variations in geography and climate from that of the Gobi desert in the north to the fertile river valleys of the south. The contrasts in geography and climate have led to a diverse range of traditional foodstuffs and cooking styles. There are four major cooking styles in the north, south, east and west. China is about the same size as the USA but has a population of about four times higher. Culture China is one of the poorest countries in the world and consequently the Chinese people are very economical in their choice and use of foodstuffs. One in five of the world’s population lives in China and over half of them live and work on the land. The pressures of such a large population has meant that every patch of fertile soil is used for agriculture and that demand for food has always exceeded supply. Traditional foodstuffs Rice is the staple food in the south, where it is grown, and noodles made from wheat are the staple in the drier north and west. Many Chinese follow a mainly vegetarian diet eating meat only once or twice a week, partly because of the lack of suitable land for grazing, which means that chickens, ducks and pigs are more popular with farmers, and because religions such as Buddhism encourage this type of diet. However, the long coastline plus many rivers and lakes has meant that fish plays an important part in the Chinese diet. Cooking traditions Chinese food has a distinctive appearance, taste and smell. The Chinese believe that each food ingredient has either yin (cooling), yang (heating) or yin yang (neutral) properties. Yin foods include duck, crab and bean sprouts. Yang foods include most meats, prawns, lobster, herbs, garlic and chilli, whilst rice and Chinese vegetables are neutral. Chinese taste buds recognise five tastes: salty, sweet, sour, bitter and peppery hot. Most Chinese dishes include combinations of these flavour, e.g. sweet and sour pork. A major feature of Chinese cooking is ‘waste not, want not’ and so they tend to eat everything, including skin and offal, and always use the bones for stock. This rule also applies to their use of fuel and so stir frying, where food is cut into small pieces which can be cooked quickly is the most popular method of cooking. Traditional dishes/eating patterns A typical Chinese meal pattern: Breakfast may consist of a bowl of rice or noodles. Snacks, e.g. dumplings filled with vegetable paste, hard boiled eggs or pancakes. Family meals, e.g. lunch or supper, tend to be based on large amounts of rice or noodles with four or five other dishes served together. Each person has their own bowl of rice and helps themselves to the other, mainly vegetable, dishes. Soup is served at any time throughout the meal. A traditional Chinese banquet always consists of eight dishes. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.5 Suggested tasks Find out more about the staple food of China – rice: • read the Information sheet – Characteristics of Foodstuffs and look at the Example for Potatoes; • complete the proforma sheet Characteristics of Traditional Foodstuffs for rice (see resource list); • watch the BBC video Ken Hom Cooks Chinese on how to cook rice and how to prepare egg fried rice. Suggested practicals Try out Chinese cooking methods and dishes: • egg fried rice • stir-fry chicken noodles. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.6 Introduction China Worksheet Traditional foodstuff – Rice Chosen country – China Use the following headings to help you to make notes when carrying out your research into foodstuffs. Refer to the information sheet Characteristics of Foodstuffs for further help. Origin Production Quality or types Storage Properties Nutritional value Uses Traditional dishes Suggested resources Dorling Kindersley Pocket Encyclopedia of Cooks’ Ingredients Ken Hom’s Chinese Kitchen The Gourmet Atlas The Indian Pantry Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) Examining Food and Nutrition Food Facts Food and Nutrition S.7 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.8 Introduction to France France is the largest country in Western Europe and well placed to have the best of everything. It stretches from the Normandy coast on the English Channel in the north to Provence by the Mediterranean in the south and from the borders of Switzerland and Germany in the east to the Bay of Biscay in the west. France is basically an agricultural country with great regional variations because of differences in climate and soil. This provides conditions suitable for crop growing, dairy farming, pigs, sheep and poultry. In the south, where the climate is generally warmer, market gardening is popular. Grapes are another important crop in suitable areas. Culture The French love eating and French cuisine is one of the greatest in the world – many of the all-time classic dishes are French. The French like to shop weekly or even daily in outdoor markets where they invest a great deal of time and discussion choosing the best quality foodstuffs. They like to use seasonal produce and preserving is still a popular skill. Food is important to the French and mealtimes are family occasions to be shared and enjoyed. Wine accompanies most meals and also forms the basis of many famous dishes, e.g. coq au vin. Traditional foodstuffs Local foodstuffs reflect the geography and climate of each region. In the dairy farming north creamy sauces are popular along with apples and fish. Further south pork dishes are popular and along the Atlantic coast seafood is popular. In the warmer south tomatoes and other Mediterranean vegetables feature strongly. Herbs are widely used everywhere. The French export wine, cheeses and bread. Cooking traditions Many of the world’s greatest chefs are French and there is a worldwide interest in French cuisine. French cooking is based strongly on homegrown ingredients which are both regional and seasonal. The Industrial Revolution did not affect France in the same way as it did Britain, and France continued to attach great importance to agriculture. French farmhouse cooking has been an important influence in French cuisine. There are two basic groups of ingredients used in most dishes: fats (oil or butter used to saute the ingredients) and flavourings (garlic, shallots or onions). The French in general enjoy eating out and they demand quality and value for money from bistros to top restaurants. They are very much a cafe society and consequently there is a great demand for ready made products, e.g. charcutiere (pork products) and patisserie (pastries). Traditional dishes/eating patterns A typical French meal pattern: Le petit dejeuner (breakfast): milky coffee with bread or croissants. Le dejeuner (lunch): a starter, main course and cheese or a snack meal. Le diner (dinner): usually soup, main course and cheese and a sweet Souper (supper): Bread is usually served with every meal and traditionally baguettes were baked twice a day in France so that the bread was always fresh. Suggested tasks Find out more about the herbs used in French cooking. Herbs are widely used in French cooking and the French like to use culinary herb mixtures, e.g. Bouquet Garni, Fines herbes and Herbes de Provence, to flavour their dishes. Find out what these contain. Suggested practicals • Quiche Lorraine Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.9 Introduction to France Worksheet Use the resources available to find out about: Bouquet garni Fines Herbs Herbes de Provence Other herbs used Suggested resources Dorling Kindersley Pocket Encyclopedia of Cooks’ Ingredients The Encyclopedia of Herbs, Spices and Flavourings French cookery books Food Facts Food and Nutrition Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.10 Introduction to India India is another vast country (over a million square miles) with great variations in climate, geography, religion and customs which have resulted in lots of regional variations in food preparation and cooking. Indian food reflects the colourful and varied life led by its people. The temperate climate in the north means that sheep can be reared whereas in the humid tropical conditions of the south west coconuts and bananas flourish. Culture Around 70% of Indians work in agriculture and more than 50% are vegetarian: this is because many are too poor to buy meat and also because religion has a very strong influence on the Indian diet. There are hundreds of different religions, many with their own customs and taboos. For example, Hindus and Sikhs are prohibited from eating beef. Alcohol is also taboo. Traditional foodstuffs Fish is readily available in the east around the Bay of Bengal and coconuts grow here in the hot and humid climate. Pulses and vegetables are grown in the west where the people are mainly vegetarian. Breads are preferred in the north where wheat is grown, and cattle and sheep are reared, making lamb a popular choice. Ghee (clarified butter) is also used here. Local market stalls sell a wide variety of fresh fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices in towns or villages. Cooking traditions Good food depends on quality as well as skill and Indians much prefer to eat at home where they are assured of quality. Indian cooking is the most aromatic type of cooking because of the use of spices: masalas or spice mixtures are the essence of Indian cooking. Spices are traditionally ground by hand and blended according to old family recipes. Spicy foods do not need to be hot, it is the use of chillies which make the food hot. The word curry means a sauce, whereas madras means hot. Hot and spicy foods are served in hot, humid climates to encourage perspiration which helps to lower body temperature. Tandoori food is marinated in yogurt and spices and cooked in a tandoor oven. Traditional dishes/eating patterns The food is drier with thicker sauces in the north and Indians here traditionally eat with their fingers and use flat, round, unleavened chapati breads to scoop up the food. In the south, where rice is grown, curries are served in more liquid sauces and eaten with rice, which soaks up the sauce. A typical meal may consist of: One or two meat or poultry dishes, one or two vegetable dishes and a pulse dish (dhal), all served with rice or breads and yogurt, a salad, and a selection of relishes and chutneys. Desserts, if served are usually made from condensed milk. Food is served in katoris (small bowls) on a thali (round metal tray) from which everyone helps themselves. Suggested tasks Find out more about the influence of religion on traditional eating patterns. Draw up a chart to show the influence of different religions on the eating habits of the population. Plan a typical Indian meal using the recipe books available. Suggested practicals Indian breads with raita and Chicken curry served with rice. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.11 Introduction to India Worksheet Use the resources available to complete the following table. Country Region Dietary laws/requirements or taboos Plan a typical Indian meal Suggested resources Examining Food and Nutrition Food Around the World Indian recipe books The Gourmet Atlas Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.12 Introduction to Italy Italy is a long narrow peninsula surrounded on three sides by the Mediterranean. Ingredients and cooking traditions are different in each region since foodstuffs differ because of the geography and climate of each area. The north is more fertile and also suited to dairy farming, consequently butter is used here instead of olive oil. In the south a range of vegetables and citrus fruits are grown and ripened by the warm Mediterranean sun. The long coastline means that seafood is popular in the coastal areas. Culture Italy rates amongst the richer nations in the world but there are vast differences between the standard of living in the prosperous industrial north and the much poorer agricultural south. This is reflected in the food and cooking of the different areas. However, all Italians regard quality and freshness of foodstuffs as very important and so tend to base their cooking on local produce. They, like other Mediterranean people, prefer to buy their foodstuffs at local outdoor markets and they also like to shop in the local delicatessens which are packed with a vast array of fresh and preserved ingredients, e.g. cheese and salamis. Traditional foodstuffs Pasta is a major feature of Italian cooking – a nutritious staple food which can be transformed into an infinite array of shapes and sizes. It is an essential part of every meal. The word pasta means dough. It is made from hard, durum wheat which produces a soft, elastic dough. At the last count there were about 600 different varieties of pasta but there are two main types: pasta fresca (fresh pasta) and pastasciutta (dried pasta). Cooking traditions Italian cookery is thought to be one of the world’s best cuisines and it reflects the colour and vitality of the country. It also reflects the history of the country and the fact that Italy was only unified in 1861 – before that each region had its own distinct cuisine which was based on what could be grown or gathered locally. One of the main differences is that the Northerners eat flat, ribbon-shaped pasta and the Southerners eat round, tube-shaped pasta. Generally simplicity is the key of Italian cooking and they like to take the best, freshest ingredients and cook them simply. Traditional dishes/eating patterns A typical meal pattern would be: breakfast (strong coffee and buttered bread), lunch and dinner. A typical meal may consist of: Antipasto (meaning before the meal): a selection of appetisers Il primo (the pasta course): a pasta or rice dish Il secondo: fish, meat and vegetables dishes in sequence Fruit or a dessert. (The Italians do not serve vegetables as an accompaniment but serve vegetable dishes as part of the meal.) Suggested tasks Find out more about pasta. Watch the video Valentina Harris Cooks Italian, which includes information on preparing pizza and pasta. Find out how pasta is made and draw a table to illustrate the many different types of pasta available. Suggested practicals • Pizza Margherita and Grissini Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.13 Introduction to Italy Worksheet Use the resources available to supply the following information. Explain how pasta is made. Types/varieties of pasta Tubular types Name/illustration Flat ribbon types Description Name/illustration Description Suggested resources Dorling Kindersley Pocket Encyclopedia of Cooks’ Ingredients Food Facts Examining Food and Nutrition Food and Nutrition The Italian Cooking Encyclopedia Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.14 Introduction to Japan Japan is made up of four main islands and 3000 smaller, mainly uninhabited, ones. The region is an earthquake zone and about 75% of the country is mountainous and covered in forests, forcing the population to live on the coastal plains. This small area suitable for habitation is covered in cities, factories and rice fields – the countryside is a patchwork of paddy fields and there are there are even paddies between the houses in the suburbs of Tokyo. There is little space left for vegetable growing or grazing. Culture Until 100 years ago the Japanese were mainly Buddhist and therefore did not eat meat. Today, because of the lack of suitable grazing land, they still tend to eat very little meat. The Japanese tend to shop daily and rely mainly on fresh, local, seasonal produce for their cuisine. Japanese food is generally very healthy and low in cholesterol, which means they have a very low rate of heart disease; however, the higher rates of salt in seasonings contribute to hypertension. Seafood and seaweed are widely used and are rich in minerals. Traditional foodstuffs The Japanese are a nation of islanders and fish and seafood play a major part in their diet. They also eat raw fish if it is exceptionally fresh. Seaweed is also an important product and is both gathered and cultivated. Because of the lack of suitable arable land the Japanese are very resourceful and tend to gather seasonal produce where possible, e.g. wild mushrooms and edible plants. Cooking traditions The philosophy of Japanese cooking is simple, artistic presentation and respect for ingredients, ensuring each flavour in every dish is brought out to the full extent. They rely on high quality ingredients which are simply cooked and lightly seasoned or served raw. This results in a very clean fresh flavour. The Japanese believe that it is logical to add seasonings to a dish in the following order so that they can be properly absorbed by the foodstuffs: sa (sugar), shi (salt), su (vinegar), se (soy sauce), and so (miso paste). Kaiseki chefs place great importance on the arrangement of food on the plate and will spend a lot of time arranging a small amount of a variety of ingredients on the plate. They are also very aware of the four seasons and this is reflected in their choice of food. Traditional dishes/eating patterns The Japanese eat with chopsticks and prefer to eat small, delicate portions of a selection of dishes. The dishes in a meal would be served in the following order: appetisers, clear soup, sashimi, grilled fish, simmered dish, deep fried dish, steamed dish and salad. Rice, pickles and miso soup are the basis of most meals. Suggested tasks Tofu is widely used in Japan and China. Find out what tofu is and how it is used. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.15 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.16 Introduction to Spain Spain covers a diverse area from mountain ranges to plains. Each area yields different foodstuffs and consequently different traditional dishes. In the north there is more rain so crops can be grown and land here is suitable for grazing, while in the south, where it is much hotter, there are fertile orchards where oranges are grown. Olives grow well in the drier areas but little flourishes in the central plateau where the climate is more extreme. Culture Spain’s long history has been influenced by many countries and the Spanish have taken readily to new ingredients and cultures. In recent years much of the population has moved away from the countryside to the cities and industrial centres. Traditional foodstuffs The Spanish consume the largest quantity of olive oil in the world. This oil is produced by crushing olives which grow well in the hot, dry conditions. Cheese is produced from sheep’s milk in the central plains which provide rough grazing. The Mediterranean vegetables, e.g. tomatoes, onions, peppers and garlic, grow well in more fertile areas and feature strongly in Spanish cooking. Parsley is used in large quantities and nuts are also popular in sauces. Spain exports olive oil, citrus fruits and sherry. Cooking traditions Spanish cooking is simple – it is basically a peasant cuisine which uses fresh local produce and relies on making a little (often of fairly poor quality) go a long way. Spanish dishes tend to have natural flavours and are presented in a straightforward manner without fancy sauces or dressings. The Spanish judge a dish on its flavour and not the presentation. Traditional dishes/eating patterns A typical Spanish meal pattern may consist of: Breakfast: a quick and easy meal of coffee and a pastry or perhaps hot chocolate and churros taken in a cafe on the way to work. The mid-morning snack would be very similar. Lunch, which may start with tapas* is eaten about 2 o’clock. A snack or tapas may be eaten about 6 o’clock and the evening meal at any time after 10 o’clock. This is usually a large meal and may last several hours. The Spanish like to eat lots of freshly baked crusty bread with all of their meals. *Tapas are basically appetisers – small servings of a range of hot and cold dishes displayed along the length of the counter in bars or cafes. Suggested tasks Find out more about olive oil. Find out how olive oil is produced and draw up a table showing the different types you can buy and the cost per 100 ml. Suggested practicals • Paella (recipe not provided). Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.17 Introduction to Spain Worksheet Use the resources available and carry out a survey to find out the following. How is olive oil produced? Type of olive oil Definition Make and cost per 100 ml Suggested resources Dorling Kindersley Pocket Encyclopedia of Cooks’ Ingredients Food and Nutrition Food Facts Sophie Grigson’s Ingredients Book The Encyclopedia of Herbs, Spices and Flavourings The Italian Cooking Encyclopedia Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.18 Section 3 Student Report Proforma Foods of the World Hospitality: Practical Cookery (Int 2) Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.20 Suggested format/layout for report You will be required to produce a report to present the results of your investigations into the traditional foodstuffs and dishes of your chosen country. Your report should be presented in the following manner. Foods of the World map Front cover The front cover of your report must provide the following information: • name of unit • your name and name of centre • date of completion • an appropriate cover design or illustration if desired. Introduction You should draw or copy a map of your chosen country or its situation and write a brief introduction to the geography and climate. Plan of ideas for investigation Use the chart or a spray diagram to identify a wide range of traditional foodstuffs and dishes from the specified ranges using the resources available to provide the ideas. Traditional foodstuffs and their characteristics You must provide detailed information on the characteristics of a selection of traditional foodstuffs particular to your chosen country from the given range. You must select eight foodstuffs from the range and give two examples of each. You must then choose one foodstuff from each of the eight categories and provide detailed information on the characteristics of each one. Traditional characteristics You must provide detailed information on the characteristics of a selection of traditional dishes particular to your chosen country from the given range. You must select eight dishes from the range and give two examples of each. You must then choose one dish from each of five of the categories and provide detailed information on each of these dishes. You will cook these five dishes for Outcome 3. Traditional methods or utensils You should provide information where appropriate on the traditional methods of preparation and cooking in your chosen country. Glossary of terms You should provide an alphabetical list of any new terms you encounter during your research, e.g. unusual foodstuffs or utensils. Bibliography List all the resources, e.g. books, CD-ROMS, leaflets, magazines, etc., used to compile your report. vwvwvwvwvw vwvwvwvwv vwvwvwvwvw map ➪ vwvwvwvwvw vwvwvwvwv vwvwvwvwvw ➪ Spain Paella Vwvvvvvvvwvwv vvvvwwvvvwvw vvvvwwvwvwvw vwvwvwvwvwvw Paellia pan vwvwvwvwvww vwvwvwvwvwvw Glossary Biblio Author Title Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) Publisher Type of resource S.21 Checklist – Traditional foodstuffs and dishes Chosen country Use a selection of the resources available to identify the range of traditional foodstuffs and dishes particular to your chosen country. Traditional foodstuffs – you must give at least two examples of eight of the following: Herbs Spices Cereals Pulses Meats Poultry FishVegetables Fruits Dairy products Traditional dishes – you must give at least three examples of eight of the following: Cold dishes Soups Meat dishes Fish dishes Rice or pasta Vegetable Potato Salad Sweets Pastries Bread Traditions – e.g. methods of preparation or cooking, utensils: Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.22 Characteristics of foodstuffs Chosen country Traditional foodstuff Use the following headings to help you to make notes from a selection of resources when carrying out research into foodstuffs. Refer to the information sheet – characteristics of foodstuffs. Origin Production Quality and/or types Storage Properties Nutritional value Uses Traditional dishes Notes Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.23 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.24 Characteristics of traditional dishes Name the specified country. Name the traditional dish. Describe the characteristics of your chosen dish, e.g. • give an explanation of any foreign words • list and explain the characteristics of any traditional foodstuffs used • give a description of special cooking methods which may be used • explain the history of the dish. List the ingredients used and the quantities required. You will need to consult your teacher/lecturer about the number of portions to be served and any ingredients which may require to be changed. Try to choose recipes which are suitable to be prepared in school/college. Now write out the method of work explaining any new processes in detail. Choose recipes that use suitable equipment and are within your ability to prepare to an acceptable standard for assessment. Describe any variations on the recipe you find during your research. See suggested practical recipes for examples of how to present your work. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.25 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.26 Section 3 Student Recipes Foods of the World Traditional Recipes (Non-assessable) Hospitality: Practical Cookery (Int 2) Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.28 Traditional dishes – China Chow mein In Chinese chow means to stir fry and mein means noodles, so chow mein means stir fry noodles. Chow mein can be served as a snack or as part of a meal. Stir frying involves heating a small amount of oil in a wok, which is designed to focus the heat in the centre of the pan which shortens the cooking time and so uses less fuel. Chicken Chow Mein Ingredients 75 g noodles 1 small chicken fillet 1 clove garlic 1 piece red pepper 2 mushrooms 2 spring onions 50 g bean sprouts 1 x 15 ml oil 25 g cashew nuts 2 x 15 ml soy sauce Method 1. Cut the chicken into thin strips. Crush or chop garlic. 2. Wash the pepper and cut into thin strips. Wash and slice the mushrooms. 3. Wash the spring onions and cut diagonally into 2.5 cm strips. Rinse the bean sprouts in a sieve. 4. Half-fill a medium pan with water and bring to the boil. Simmer noodles for 5 minutes. Drain. 5. Heat the oil in a frying pan or wok. Add the chicken and garlic and stir fry for 2 minutes. 6. Add the spring onions, red pepper, mushrooms, and cashew nuts. Stir fry for 3 minutes. 7. Add the bean sprouts and soy sauce and continue to stir fry for 1-2 minutes. 8. Stir in the noodles and serve immediately. Variations Beef chow mein – replace chicken with beef. Singapore chow mein – replace chicken with shrimps, onion, bacon and pork. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.29 Traditional Dishes – China Rice In China rice is not considered as a dish but is usually served as a bulk food to accompany the other dishes. Rice is usually served plain, boiled or steamed. The Chinese help themselves to small amounts of the main dishes with their chopsticks placing the food in their own rice bowl before lifting this to their mouth and eating small amounts at a time. Fried rice is served if there is a shortage of savoury dishes or to use up leftover scraps of meat or vegetables. Fried rice Ingredients 150 g long grain rice 2 x 15 ml oil 1 egg 1 clove garlic 2 spring onions 2 mushrooms 3 x 15 ml frozen peas 3 x 15 ml sweetcorn 1 x 15 ml soy sauce 50 g cooked chicken Method 1. Half-fill a medium pan with water, add a pinch of salt and bring to the boil. 2. Rinse the rice in a sieve. Cook rice in boiling water for about 10 minutes until tender. 3. Drain the rice. 4. Beat the egg in a small bowl. 5. Crush or finely chop the garlic. Wash the spring onions and cut diagonally into 2.5 cm strips. 6. Wash and slice mushrooms. 7. Heat the oil in a frying pan or wok. Add the garlic and rice and stir fry for a few minutes, pressing the rice gently to dry out any moisture. 8. Add the mushrooms, spring onions, peas, sweetcorn and chicken and continue to stir fry for 3 minutes. 9. Gradually stir in the egg and soy sauce and continue to stir fry for 1 minute. 10. Serve immediately. Variations Yanchow fried rice -Yangchow is a port on the Yangtze River and this rice is made using local ingredients from this area, i.e. straw mushrooms, lotus seeds, red peppers, bean sprouts, tomatoes, shrimps and prawns, this is the only type of fried rice, that may be served at a banquet. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.30 Traditional dishes – France Quiche Lorraine Lorraine in the Alsace region is known for its pastry dishes and use of dairy produce, e.g. cream and cheese. The most widely known pastry dish is the Quiche Lorraine - a hot flan. There are many variations on this dish but it is usually made with diced salt pork or green bacon baked with eggs, cream and a sprinkling of cheese. Ingredients Pastry base 100 g plain flour pinch salt 62.5 g margarine or butter 1 egg yolk or 1/2 a beaten egg a little cold water Filling 1 or 2 rashers bacon 75 ml cream 11/2 eggs pinch nutmeg seasoning Method 1. Preheat oven to 200°C, gas mark 6. Place shelf 1/3 from top. 2. Base: Sieve flour and salt into large glass bowl. Rub in margarine until mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs. Mix in egg yolk and sufficient water to form a stiff dough. 3. Knead on a lightly floured table and then roll out and line an 18 cm flan ring. 4. Bake blind for about 10 minutes. Reduce oven temperature to 190°C, gas mark 5. 5. Finely chop bacon. Sauté in a little oil until cooked but not browned. 6. Beat together cream, eggs and seasonings. 7. Place bacon in pastry flan and pour over egg mixture. 8. Bake until golden and set. Variations Quiche – also made using, e.g. mushrooms, courgettes, etc. Tarte a l’oignon – (onion tart) – sauté bacon with 1 sliced onion until soft but not browned. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.31 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.32 Traditional dishes – India Curry The word curry is derived from the south Indian kari, which means something in a spicy sauce. A real Indian curry is made from skillfully blended spices, condiments and coconut. Curries are traditionally served with rice and breads and should be cooked in advance to allow the flavours time to develop. Murgh ka salan (chicken curry) Ingredients 1 x 15 ml oil 1 medium onion 1 x 1 cm stick cinnamon 1 clove 1 bay leaf 2 small green cardamoms 1 x 1.25 ml ground ginger 1 x 1.25 ml garlic powder 1 x 1.25 ml chilli powder 1 x 1.25 ml ground turmeric 1 x 1.25 ml ground cumin 4 x 15 ml natural yoghurt pinch salt 100 ml water (or 100 g tin tomatoes + juice) 75 g cooked chicken 25 g creamed coconut Method 1. Peel and dice onion. 2. Heat the oil in a small pan and fry the onion until golden brown. 3. Stir in the cinnamon, clove, bay leaf, cardamoms and fry for 1-2 minutes. 4. Stir in the ginger, garlic, chilli powder, turmeric and cumin. Fry for 1-2 minutes. 5. Add the yoghurt and salt. Place a lid on the pan and cook for a few minutes until the moisture has evaporated. 6. When the oil starts to separate from the mixture stir in the water and/or chopped tinned tomatoes and chicken. 7. Bring to the boil and simmer with a lid on for about 15 minutes. Add coconut and simmer for 5 minutes. 8. Taste and adjust seasoning and consistency if required. 9. Serve with plain boiled rice or a pullao rice dish. Variations Murgh tomatar – tomato and chicken curry. Anda kari – egg curry. Kofta kari – meatball curry. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.33 Traditional dishes – India Naan breads Indian dishes are traditionally served with breads. Most Indian breads are cooked on top of the cooker and are made without yeast. Naans are flat leavened breads which are traditionally cooked in a tandoor oven. They get their traditional teardrop shape from being stuck on the wall of the oven and stretching as they cook. Ingredients 250 g plain flour 1.25 ml salt 1.25 ml sugar 1/2 fast-action dried yeast 4 x 15 ml natural yoghurt 6 x 15 ml milk 1 x 15 ml sesame or poppy seeds 2 x 15 ml melted butter or ghee Method 1. Preheat oven to 230°C, gas mark 8. 2. Sieve flour, salt and sugar into large glass bowl. Stir in dried yeast. 3. Mix yoghurt and milk together. 4. Make a well in the centre of the flour mixture and gradually work in the milk mixture to make a soft dough. 5. Knead on a lightly floured table for about 5 minutes. 6. Divide the dough into five equal pieces. Knead each piece lightly into a ball, pat and then pull out to a flat oval shape about 15 cm long. 7. Brush one side with melted butter and place this side on a lightly greased baking tray. 8. Brush the top with melted butter and sprinkle with seeds. Leave in a warm place to double in size. 9. Bake for 8-10 minutes until firm to the touch and golden brown. Variations Peshawari naans – Mix together 15 g ground almonds, 15 g caster sugar, 75 g dessicated coconut and 4 x 15 ml milk. Roll out naan breads. Place a spoon of almond mixture on each one, fold over and re-roll. Find out about other types of Indian breads, e.g. chapati, poori and paratha. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.34 Traditional dishes – Italy Grissini (breadsticks) Bread sticks are still sold loose in many bakeries in Turin and the north of Italy. Grissini should be crisp. Ingredients 200 g strong plain flour pinch salt 1/2 packet fast-action yeast 100 ml warm water (approx.) pinch sugar Method 1. Preheat oven to 200°C, gas mark 6. 2. Base: Sieve flour, salt and sugar into large glass bowl. Stir in yeast. 3. Stir in sufficient warm water to make a soft pliable dough. 4. Turn out onto a lightly floured work surface and knead the mixture for about 8-10 minutes until the dough is smooth and elastic. 5. Tear a lump the size of a large walnut from the dough and roll it lightly between your hands into a small sausage shape. Place on a lightly floured surface and repeat until all the dough is used up (approx. 12-15 pieces). 6. Place the first piece of dough on a clean work surface and roll out under the spread-out fingers of both hands until it is a long strip about 1 cm thick. Roll in optional toppings if desired. 7. Place on a lightly oiled baking tray. Repeat with all the pieces making sure they are all the same thickness. 8. Cover with oiled cling film and leave to rise for about 10 minutes. 9. Bake for about 7 minutes, turn and bake for another 5-7 minutes, taking care not to let them brown. 10. Allow to cool. Optional toppings Sesame seeds Poppy seeds Finely grated Parmesan cheese Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.35 Traditional dishes – Italy Pizza Pizza was invented by a back street Neapolitan baker as the original fast food. It was sold as a sort of hot sandwich to passers-by from the doorway of the shop. Pizza dough is just ordinary bread dough enriched with olive oil. The pizza bases are traditionally thinner and crispier in the south and thicker in the north. Pizza is traditionally cooked in a wood-burning oven at a very high temperature which cooks very quickly. The most popular pizza is the Pizza Margherita which is named after the nineteenth-century Queen of Italy. Pizza Margherita Ingredients Pizza base 200 g strong plain flour pinch salt 1/2 packet fast action yeast 1 x 15 ml olive oil 125 ml warm water (approx.) 1 x 15 ml olive oil Topping 1 x 15 ml tomato purée 4 tinned tomatoes (chopped) 50 g cheese (cubed mozarella) few basil leaves (or pinch dried basil) Method 1. Preheat oven to 220°C, gas mark 7. 2. Base: Sieve flour and salt into large glass bowl. Stir in yeast. Stir in oil and sufficient warm water to make a soft, pliable dough. 3. Turn out onto a lightly floured work surface and knead the mixture for about 5-10 minutes until the dough is smooth and elastic. 4. Flatten the dough into a circle and press and stretch out to a circle the size of a dinner plate (about 5-7 mm thick). 5. Place on a lightly oiled baking tray, pinch the edges to make a slightly thicker rim and rub in 1 x 15 ml olive oil. Leave to rise in a warm place. 6. Cover with tomato puree, seasoned chopped tomatoes and cubed cheese, and sprinkle with herbs, taking care to leave the edges uncovered. 7. Bake for 10-15 minutes in a hot oven. Optional toppings Pizza Napoletana – anchovies, cubed mozzarella cheese and fresh basil leaves. Pizza con funghi – tomatoes, mushrooms and mozzarella cheese. Pizza quattro stagioni – four different quarters, one for each season, e.g. cheeses, ham, mushrooms and olives. Pizza all’ortolana – blanched fresh vegetables, e.g.broccoli, courgettes, spring onions, peas and cheese. Pizza in bianco con erbe aromatiche – sprinkle dough with fresh chopped mixed herbs and olive oil. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.36 Section 3 RESOURCE DATABASE FOODS OF THE WORLD Books Reviewed Hospitality: Practical Cookery (Int. 2) The following database contains the reviews of a very small selection of the many books available on this topic. The recommended texts are stated in the support notes. The following books were available in local libraries and bookshops. Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) S.37 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Caribbean Caribbean Cookery SOOKIE, Devina 1994 Apple Press 1 85076 488 3 Caribbean Foods of the World – Creole and Cajun WELDON, Kevin 1993 Notes ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions 0 316 90604 2 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions One of a series – mainly recipes with some information on ingredients and background 1993 Reed Consumer Books 1 856131157 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Fairly brief notes on ingredients but good range of recipes China All Colour Chinese Cookbook China Best Ever Cooks’ Collection – Chinese DOESER, Linda 1997 Anness Publishing 0 75252 392 9 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Part of a series. Brief but useful information on ingredients. A good range of recipes China Chinese Cookery Masterclass MARK, Willy 1984 Macdonald & Co 0 356 10601 2 ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions OK but more for background reading. A little dated China Chinese Cooking ELLWOOD, Caroline 1993 Chancellor Press 1 85152 3219 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Very brief information but informative – one of a series China Cookery Around the WANG, Xiao Hui 1993 Time Life World, China SCHINHARI, Cornelia 07054411966 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Brief information on commodities and interesting background reading Ken Hom Cooks Chinese VIDEO BBC Videos ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Excellent introduction to Chinese cookery – good clear information on stir fry, steaming, etc China S.38 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes China Ken Hom’s Chinese Kitchen HOM, Ken 1994 Pavilion Books 1851459510 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Excellent – detailed information on Chinese ingredients and recipes China New Chinese Cookery Course LO, Kenneth 1985 Macdonald & Co 0356176630 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Brief illustrated information on ingredients and background China The Taste of China HOM, Ken 1990 Pavilion Books 1851452478 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Information on a good range of ingredients China Travel with a Hot Wok HOM, Ken 1998 BBC books 0563383941 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions No traditions – features new ‘fusion cooking’, i.e. East meets West China World Cuisine Chinese (CD-Rom) GREEY, Madeleine 1996 Oasis Blue Production 1551913054 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Fairly brief information on commodities but this CD definitely has student appeal with a video demonstration. At £25 it is fairly expensive for the information provided but is a popular introduction to this country. France Hamlyn, Essential French MURFITT, Janice STOCK, Dawn 1997 Hamlyn 0600591549 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions France Le Cordon Bleu Classic French Cookbook UNLISTED 1994 Dorling Kindersley 0751301426 ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions History, brief glossary and recipes with techniques S.39 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes France The French Cookbook CLEMENTS, Carole 1995 Anness Publishing 1859670822 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions France Traditional French Good Cookery Course CLARKE, Maxine 1996 Ebury Press 0091809592 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions India A Taste of India JAFFREY, Madhur 1985 Pavilion Books ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Brief introduction on foodstuffs. More for background reading India A Taste of India VIDEO 1993 Home Cooking Videos ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Only the barbeque video previewed – format is rather repetitive and students did not find it stimulating India A Taste of the Far East JAFFREY, Madhur 1993 BBC Books 0563360607 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Covers several countries India All Colour Indian Cookbook HAMYLN 1994 Reed International 0600574555 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Brief notes on traditions – good range of recipes India Best Ever Cook’s Collection Indian HUSAIN, Shezad FERNANDEZ, Rafi 1995 Anness Publishing 0752523686 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Part of a series. Brief but useful information and a good range of recipes India Easy Indian Cookery HUSAIN, Shezad 1997 Hamlyn 0600591956 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Fairly brief abc of ingredients. Good range of recipes S.40 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes India Easy Indian Style Cookery COLEMAN, Mary 1997 Australian Women’s ✓ Recipes Weekly ✓ Commodities 1863930562 Cooking Traditions Well illustrated step-by-step recipes and a very short section on ingredients. One of a series India Indian Cookery JAFFREY, Madhur 1984 BBC Books 0563164913 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Fairly brief information India Indian Cooking GOOD, Naomi 1993 Chancellor Press 1851523200 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Very brief information but informative India Indian Restaurant Cookbook CHAPMAN, Pat 1984 Judy Piatkus (Pub) 0861883780 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions India Madhur Jaffrey’s Illustrated Indian Cookbook JAFFREY, Madhur 1995 BBC Books 0563370130 ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Brief information on traditions India Step-by-step Indian OUT OF PRINT 1995 Salamander 0862880068 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Very brief information on culture and fairly easy recipes India The Complete Indian Cookbook BALJEKER, Mridula 1996 Colour Library Direct 1858335868 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Information on techniques included S.41 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER S.42 Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes Italy Antonio Carluccio’s Italian Feast (& Southern Italian) CARLUCCIO, Antonia 1996 BBC Books 0563371692 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions These books accompany the TV series which would be excellent for introducing culture, traditional foodstuffs and dishes of Italy if they bring out this series in video format Italy Complete Itlaian Cookery Course HARRIS, Valentina 1992 BBC Books 056336162X ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Information on a range of dishes but written in fairly informal style making it difficult for students to use Italy Hamlyn All Colour Italian Cookbook OUT OF PRINT 1994 Reed International 0600578771 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions One of a series Italy Italian Food DAVID, Elizabeth 1996 Barrie & Jenkins 0712620001 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions A fairly historical bias with fairly complex information – less able students would find this too dry Italy Italian Kitchen, Recipes from La Cacciata LITTLE, Alastair 1996 Ebury Press 0091813654 ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Informal style of writing would make this difficult for some students to use Italy Pasta CROCE, Julia Delia 1997 Dorling Kindersley 0751304425 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Lots of recipes and fairly detailed information on making and cooking different types of pasta Italy The Classic Pasta Cookbook HAZAN, Guiliano 1994 Dorling Kindersley 0751300527 ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Recipes with notes and traditions Italy The Encyclopedia of Pasta JONES, Bridget 199? Apple Press 0850765308 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Excellent on a specialised commodity Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes Italy The Italian Cooking Encyclopaedia VARIOUS 1997 Anness Publishing 1901289087 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Excellent – detailed information on a good range of ingredients Italy The Top One Hundred Italian Dishes SEED, Diane 1991 Ebury Press 0091750334 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Not very exciting Italy Valentina Harris Cooks Italian VIDEO BBC VIDEOS ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Excellent introduction to Italian cookery – pasta, pizza, etc Japan A Taste of Japan DOWNER, Lesley 1991 BBC Books 0563363282 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Brief but useful Japan A Taste of Japan RICHIE, Donald 1985 Haper & Row 0870116754 Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Fairly detailed and rather dry reading Japan Practical Japanese Cooking TSUJI, Shizuo 1986 Kodansha International 0870117629 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Good information Japan A Taste of Japan KO, Masaki 1997 Lorenz Books 1859673589 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Part of a series of different countries. Brief information on traditions and ingredients S.43 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes Mediterranean Mediterranean Flavours SEVILLA, Maria Jose 1995 Pavilion Books 0857937201 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Mediterranean Mediterranean, Good Housekeeping Cookery Club RUTHERFORD, Lyn 1995 Ebury Press ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Mediterranean Reader’s Digest Mediterranean Cookbook MALLOS, Tess 1996 Reader’s Digest Association 0276423011 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Middle Eastern Middle Eastern Cooking OSBORNE, Christine 1994 Prion 1853751464 ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Middle Eastern Taste of the Middle East KIMBERLEY, Soheila 1996 Anness Publishing 1859671675 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Scandinavian Scandinavian Cooking MAXWELL, Sonia 1995 Apple Press ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Spain Spanish Food and Drink PELLICER, Maria Eugenia D 1987 Wayland 0850789427 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Part of a series – very simple with little detail but may be in library Spain The Book of Tapas and Spanish Cooking WALDEN, Halaire 1993 Salamander Books 086101653X ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Brief but useful information on ingredients Informal style of writing – more personal observations than factual information – background reading Very good – fairly detailed information on foodstuffs Very brief information S.44 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes Thailand A Taste of Thailand BHUMICHITR, Vatcharin 1988 Pavilion Books 1851451838 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Thailand Easy Oriental CAWLEY, Richard 1992 Marks & Spencer ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Thailand Hamlyn Essential Thai UNLISTED 1997 Reed Consumer 0600591530 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions Thailand Healthy Thai Cooking OWEN, Sri 1997 Frances Lincoln 0711211175 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions International Dorling Kindersley Encyclopedia of Cook’s Ingredients BAILEY, Adrian 1994 Dorling Kindersley 0863184359 Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Excellent reference book – fairly concise information but covers a wide range of ingredients International Food Around the World RIDGWELL, Judy RUDWAY, Judy 1986 Oxford University Press 0198327277 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions A little dated and very brief in all aspects but could be of use during introduction to unit International Ingredients Book GRIGSON, Sophie 1993 Mitchell Beazley 1857322452 Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions A good reference book – fairly detailed information on a good range of ingredients International International Cookery Course, Family Circle SCOTT, Pamela 1970 Strandbrook Publications ✓ Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Dated, but likely to be in department Good recipes but more suited to background reading S.45 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN Notes International Larousse Gastronomique MONTAGNE, Prosper 1988 Paul Hamlyn 0600323900 Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions At £50 may be useful for reference if you have one in the department International Spices and Natural Flavourings MULHERIN, Jennifer 1996 Tiger Books International 1855012189 Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Good reference book with information on a good range including countries of origin and characteristics International The Complete Illustrated Step-by-Step Cookbook FERGUSON, Judith 1988 Colour Library Books 0862836298 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions International The Cook’s Encyclopedia STOBART, Tom (To be reprinted in Oct ‘98) 1980 Batsford 1902304004 Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions A little dated but this type of book provides useful reference to a wide range of ingredients International The Encyclopedia of Herbs, Spices and Flavourings ORTIZ, Eliazbeth Lambert 1992 Dorling Kindersley 0863189822 Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Excellent. Detailed information on herbs plus good information on traditional foodstuffs from a range of countries International The Gourmet Atlas WARD, Suzie 1997 Apple Press 1850769184 ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions A very good reference book – useful for the teacher/lecturer to check commodity sources International The Hamlyn Cookbook OUT OF PRINT 1995 Reed Consumer Books 0600588270 Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions Illustrated information on a good range of commodities S.46 Hospitality – Practical Cookery: Foods of the World (Int 2) PUBLISHER Country Title Author Date ISBN International The Hamlyn Spice Book BOXER, Arabella 1997 Hamlyn 0600589862 Recipes ✓ Commodities Cooking Traditions A useful reference book International The Theory of Catering (8th edition) KINTON, Ronald 1995 Hodder & Stoughton 0340630744 Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions A useful reference text if you have one available – brief notes on traditions in a range of countries International The World’s Best Cooking OUT OF PRINT in Colour 1988 Caxton 0907305210 ✓ Recipes Commodities Cooking Traditions International Travel Guides (e.g. Foder’s Insight) Various Recipes Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions A selection of ravel guides available in most public libraries; usually containing information on the foods and cooking of the country National Geographic ✓ Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions National Geograpic are a useful source of information on various topics World Book Inc Recipes ✓ Commodities ✓ Cooking Traditions Available in library VARIOUS International International World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia 1995 Notes S.47