2002 State Energy Program/Rebuild America
National Conference
Improving Performance in
Portable Classrooms
30 July 2002 • 3:30-5:30
Stephanie Thomas, Florida Solar Energy Center
A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida
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FSEC PERC
Florida Solar Energy Center
Performance Enhanced Relocatable
Classrooms
Who am I?
Stephanie Thomas - Design Analyst, FSEC
What do I do? Project Lead for PERC
Why am I here? Introduce PERC
Sponsors? National Association of State Energy Officials
DOE Energy Smart Schools
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FSEC PERC
Why PERC?
• 36% of the nation’s schools use relocatables
• Relocatables are plagued as energy hogs
• Suspected source of health problems
• Perceived as low quality learning environment
• Constructed to the minimum standards
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Why PERC?
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Objectives
Capistrano Unified School District, Orange County, CA.
http://www.h-m-g.com/Daylighting/schoolc.pdf
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Objectives
Improve new classrooms at lowest cost
• Enhance envelope & systems performance
• Improve IAQ & thermal comfort
• Increase energy efficiency
• Lower maintenance
• Improve academic performance levels (daylight)
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Objectives
Monitor side-by-side
•
•
•
•
Heating dominated climate – Cornwall District, NY
Hot, humid climate – Orange County, FL
Hot-dry climate – Arizona/New Mexico
Mixed climate – Oakdale, CA
Provide data on the web
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Premise
How we got here
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Premise
Reports & other research
• Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Improvements to
Portable Classrooms in Florida
- Florida Solar Energy Center
• Northwest Portable Classrooms Energy Data Study
-Washington State University Cooperative Extension Energy Program
• High Performance Commercial Building Systems
– Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Daylighting in Schools
– Heschong Mahone Group
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Daylight in Schools
• 2nd-5th grade students
• 21,000 test scores assessed
– Students progressed 20% faster on math tests
– Students progressed 26% faster on reading tests
– Students have 7-18% higher test scores
http://www.h-m-g.com/Daylighting/schoolc.pdf
• Relocatables constituted 40% of the data set
(3 districts in CA, CO &WA)
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Optimal Skylight Design
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Optimal Skylight Design
SkyCalc: Skylight Design
Assistant
- Tabular
Results
Location
= Daytona Beach,
FL
Company Name: FSEC
Total Annual
Energy Savings
Skylights
Project Description: M2-DB
(4 skylights)
50fcfrom
3 step;
roof r19, U=0.052
Lighting, Cooling and Heating (all fuels converted to kWh)
10’
1,600
Annual Energy Savings
(kWh/yr)
Electric Lighting1,400
Usage
Ltg. Energy without1,200
Skylights
Lighting Energy w/ 1,000
Skylights
Update
Results
800
600
400
200
0
0.0%
Update SFR
Graphs
kWh/yr
2,089
Design Lighting Fraction Saved
691 Full daylighting (h/yr)
67%
2,116
2 W/ft2
Savings from Design Skylighting System
Annual Energy
Annual Cost
Savings
Savings (kWh/yr)
Savings ($/yr)
Lighting
1,398
$112
Cooling
-114
-$9
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
Heating
49
$1
Skylight to Floor Ratio (SFR)
Total
1,333
$104
4 Skylights
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Optimal Skylight Design
SkyCalc: Skylight Design
Assistant
- Tabular
Results
Location
= Daytona Beach,
FL
Company Name: FSEC
Total(6
Annual
Energy Savings
Skylights
Project Description: M2-DB
skylights)
50fc from
3 step;
roof r19, U=0.052
10’
Lighting, Cooling and Heating (all fuels converted to kWh)
1,600
Annual Energy Savings
(kWh/yr)
Electric Lighting 1,400
Usage
Ltg. Energy without Skylights
1,200
Lighting Energy w/ Skylights
Update
Results
kWh/yr
2,089
518
8’
Lighting Fraction Saved
Design
Full daylighting (h/yr)
75%
2,648
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0%
Update SFR
Graphs
2 W/ft2
Savings from Design Skylighting System
Annual Energy
Annual Cost
Savings
Savings (kWh/yr)
Savings ($/yr)
Lighting
1,571
$126
Cooling
-313
-$25
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%62
10.0%
12.0% $1 14.0%
Heating
Skylight to Floor Ratio (SFR)
Total
1,321
$102
6 Skylights
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FSEC PERC
Optimal Skylight Design
Location
= Daytona Beach,
FL
SkyCalc: Skylight Design
Assistant
- Tabular
Results
Company Name: FSEC
Total Annual
Energy Savings
Skylights
Project Description: M2-DB
(8 skylights)
50fcfrom
3 step;
roof r19, U=0.052
10’
6.5’
Lighting, Cooling and Heating (all fuels converted to kWh)
1,600
Annual Energy Savings
(kWh/yr)
Electric Lighting
Usage
1,400
Ltg. Energy without Skylights
1,200
Lighting Energy w/ Skylights
1,000
800
600
Update400
Results200
0
0.0%
Update SFR
Graphs
kWh/yr
2,089
427
Lighting Fraction Saved
Full daylighting
(h/yr)
Design
80%
3,012
Savings from Design Skylighting System2 W/ft2
Annual Energy
Annual Cost
Savings
Savings (kWh/yr)
Savings ($/yr)
Lighting
1,662
$133
Cooling
-532
-$43
Heating
71
$1
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
Total
1,201
$92
Skylight to Floor Ratio (SFR)
8 Skylights
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Optional
Bathroom
SkyCalc: Skylight Design Assistant - Tabular Results
FSEC PERC
Company Name: FSEC
Project Description: M2-DB (4 skylights) 50fc 3 step; roof r19, U=0.052
Electric Lighting Usage
ight Design Assistant - Tabular
Results
Ltg. Energy without Skylights
Optimal Skylight Design
me: FSEC
on: M2-DB (6 skylights) 50fc 3 step; roof r19, U=0.052
ge
hts
hts
kWh/yr
2,089
691
Lighting Energy w/ Skylights
kWh/yr
2,089
518
Lighting Fraction Saved
Full daylighting (h/yr)
Lighting Fraction Saved
Full daylighting (h/yr)
67%
2,116
Savings from Design Skylighting System
Annual Energy
Annual Cost
Savings
Savings (kWh/yr)
Savings ($/yr)
Update
SkyCalc:
Skylight
Design
Assistant
Tabular
Results
Lighting
1,398
$112
75%Results
Cooling
-114
-$9
Company Name: FSEC
2,648
Heating(8 skylights) 50fc 3 step;
49roof r19, U=0.052
$1
Project Description: M2-DB
Total
1,333
$104
Savings from Design Skylighting System
Electric Lighting Usage
kWh/yr
Annual Energy
Annual Cost
Ltg. Energy without Skylights
2,089
Lighting Fraction Saved
80%
Savings
Savings (kWh/yr) Lighting
Savings
($/yr)
Energy w/ Skylights
427 Full daylighting (h/yr)
3,012
Lighting
1,571
$126
Savings from Design Skylighting System
Cooling
-313
-$25
Annual Energy
Annual Cost
Heating
62
$1
Savings
Savings (kWh/yr)
Savings ($/yr)
Total
1,321
$102
Update
4 Skylights
Results
6 Skylights
Lighting
Cooling
Heating
Total
1,662
-532
71
1,201
8 Skylights
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$133
-$43
$1
$92
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Optimal Skylight Design/Layout
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Optimal Skylight Design/Layout
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Optimal Skylight Design/Layout
36’-0”
24’-0”
2x4 Skylight
4x6 Welled Area
@ Fin. Clg.
Light Fixture
Reflected Ceiling Plan
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Optimal Skylight Design/Layout
A-A
Partial
Type IV
Section
(FL)
A-A
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FL Specifications – Type IV
FL PERC with integrated skylights
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FL Specifications – Modifications
Enhance envelope
• Wall
- Insulation from R-11 to R-15
- Added 1” extruded polystyrene between
siding & substrate
- Caulking wall plates & baseboards
• Doors
- Upgrade doors to min. R-12
insulated foam core
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FL Specifications – Modifications
Enhance envelope
• Windows
- Upgrade single pane, aluminum frame
windows w/ double pane, low-e, argon fill,
vinyl frame
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FL Specifications – Modifications
Enhance envelope
• Roof - Added 6 skylights, on 6” wood curb
U=0.54, SHGC = 67%, Tvis = 74%
- Added ¾” extruded polystyrene between EPDM &
substrate
- Specify white EPDM in lieu of gray
- Insulation from R-19 to R-30
• Floor
- Insulation from R-14 to R-21
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FL Specifications – Modifications
Enhance systems performance
• HVAC - Upgrade 3.5 ton A/C to 3 ton heat pump
w/WERV (wall mount energy recovery ventilator)
- Upgrade SEER 10 to SEER 12
- Add 1” R-6 duct board insulation to duct main
- Add commissioning requirement to ensure duct
leakage not more than 5% at 50Pa
• Controls
- CS 2000 Energy monitor w/ manual override
- CO2 sensor/monitor for variable speed
ventilation
- On site commissioning of controls (w/ energy
managers)
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FL Specifications – Modifications
Enhance systems performance
• Lighting - Reduce fixtures from 14 to 9
- Replace T12 w/ T8, 3 step operation
- Increase CRI from 60 to 82
- Integrated w/ skylight photo sensor &
occupancy control
- Add louver system w/ manual override
- Commissioning requirement for controls
- Replace fluorescent w/ LED emergency light
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FL Specifications – Modifications
Improve IAQ & thermal comfort
• Interior finish
- Upgrade 26 oz. roll carpet w/ no VOC, nonpermeable backing carpet tile, 56% recycled
- Replace VCG w/ seamless, breathable, finished
gypsum wall board
- Specify formaldehyde free batt insulation
Seamless, pre-finished
gypsum board
- HVAC system & controls maintain thermal
comfort
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FL Roof Construction
Typical Assembly
Add 1” extruded polystyrene between EPDM & DensDeck
Insulation from R19 to R30
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FL Wall/Windows
Typical Assembly
Add 1” extruded
polystyrene between
DensGlas & siding
Replace single pane
windows w/ Solarban 60
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NY Specifications – Wood
Cornwall Elementary School, Orange County (Typical 23’-4” x 68’)
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NY Specifications – Wood
Cornwall Elementary School PERC, Orange County ( w/ skylights)
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NY Specifications – Modifications
Enhance envelope
• Wall
- Insulation from R-11 to R-19
• Windows
- Upgrade double pane, clear glass, aluminum
frame windows w/ double pane, low-e, argon
fill, vinyl frame
• Floor - Insulation from R-11 to R-21
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NY Specifications – Modifications
Enhance envelope
• Roof - Insulation from R-19 to R-38
- Add heel truss at wall bearing w/ air space between
truss & substrate
Transverse section of heel truss
Spray foam insulation installation
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NY Specifications – Modifications
Enhance systems performance
• HVAC - Upgrade 3 ton A/C w/ 15 kW heat strip to
to 3 ton heat pump w/ WERV & 7 kW heat
strip
Energy Recovery Ventilator
(ERV)
Wall Mount HVAC
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NY Specifications – Construction
Typical Assembly
Modify truss w/ min. 10” heel
Replace batt insulation w/ spray foam @
roof deck (sealed attic)
Replace gypsum ceiling w/ lay in tile
ceiling @ 8’-6”
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Energy Modeling
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Energy Modeling
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Energy Modeling
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Status & Schedule
• Florida – School determined, construction start TBD
• New York – Construction start week of August 5
•
•
– Occupied August 20
California – Construction start week of August 7
– Occupied September 1 (year round school)
Arizona – School not yet determined
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Next Steps
• Monitor & document construction
• Highlight lessons learned
• Commission HVAC, lighting & controls
• Monitor performance
• Administer questionnaire/interview staff
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A room is not a room
without natural light.
Natural light gives the
time of day and the mood
of the seasons to enter.
- Louis Kahn
Yamato Colony Elementary
School, CA
www.sunoptics.com
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