ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
State Street East Corridor
from Federal Street/Walnut Street to Orleans Street
City of Springfield
December 15, 2015
Prepared For:
MassDOT Highway Division
Prepared By:
Nitsch Engineering
2 Center Plaza, Suite 430
Boston, MA 02108
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table of Contents
Project Data ................................................................................................................................. 1
Background ................................................................................................................................. 3
Project Location and Description .............................................................................................. 3
Audit Observations ................................................................................................................... 11
Potential Safety Enhancements ............................................................................................... 19
Summary of Road Safety Audit ............................................................................................... 23
List of Tables
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members ........................................................................................ 1
Table 2. Time Frame and Costs Breakdown ....................................................................................... 23
Tables 3-7. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary…………………………………………….24-27
List of Figures
Figure L-1: Locus Map ........................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 1: Audit Study Area Map ........................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2: Study Intersection 1................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 3: Study Intersections 2 and 4.................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4: Study Intersection 3.............................................................................................................. 10
List of Appendices
Appendix A: RSA Meeting Agenda
Appendix B: RSA Audit Team Contact List
Appendix C: Detailed Crash Data
Appendix D: Volume Data
Appendix E: Road Safety Audit References
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Project Data
Nitsch Engineering has been retained by TEC, Inc. on behalf of BlueTarp reDevelopment, LLC to
complete a series of Road Safety Audits (RSAs) for the Massachusetts Department of Transportation
(MassDOT), which are associated with the design of a proposed MGM casino redevelopment in
Springfield, Massachusetts. MassDOT requested RSAs for eight locations in the vicinity of the proposed
MGM site, which is located in the City of Springfield and bounded by State Street to the north, Union
Street to the south, Main Street to the east, and East Columbus Avenue to the west. The Locus Map of the
study area, including the proposed MGM site and the eight RSA locations, is shown in Figure L-1.
This report outlines the first of the eight locations, referred to as “State Street East”. State Street East is
located approximately 0.7 miles east of the proposed MGM site and is comprised of a corridor along State
Street, roughly 0.3 miles in length, which includes the following intersections:




State Street at Federal Street and Walnut Street
State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street
State Street at Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway
St. James Avenue at Magazine Street and Bay Street
The RSA for State Street East occurred on Friday, October 23, 2015. As indicated in Table 1 below, the
audit team consisted of representatives from the City of Springfield, MassDOT Traffic Operations and
Highway Safety, MassDOT District 2, Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, and TEC, Inc. The group
observed operations with respect to safety at the study intersections and this report documents the audit
team’s findings. The RSA agenda can be found in Appendix A. Contact information for the team
members can be found in Appendix B.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Name
Jane Davis
Jeff Bandini
Samuel Gregorio
William Ullom
John Mastera
Dmitriy Mayboroda
William Van Duzer
Sgt. Mel K. Kwatowski
Khyati Parmar
Joy Martin
Trung Vo
Bao Lang
Laura Hanson
Agency/Affiliation
Nitsch Engineering
Nitsch Engineering
TEC, Inc.
MassDOT Traffic Operations
MassDOT Highway Safety
Fuss & O’Neill (representing City of Springfield)
Fuss & O’Neill (representing City of Springfield)
Springfield Police Department
Pioneer Valley Planning Commission
Davenport Companies
MassDOT District 2 – Highway
MassDOT District 2 – Highway
MassDOT District 2 – Projects
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure L-1: Locus Map
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
Location 1: State Street East Corridor
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Background
The Road Safety Audit (RSA) is one of the first steps in the design process as well as a necessary step for
the project to be eligible to receive Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) federal funds for
construction, if applicable. Due to the nature of these RSAs in relation to the proposed MGM Casino
redevelopment, not all locations are HSIP eligible, however, they have been deemed high crash locations.
For State Street East, all intersections included within the corridor are eligible for HSIP funding.
The goal of the RSA is to identify potential safety issues that can be addressed with short-term
improvements, immediately or in the near future, and long-term improvements that can be incorporated
into a future design project.
The RSA is a multidisciplinary collaborative process by state, municipal, law enforcement, public works,
and design consultants. The process involves conducting a meeting to discuss current crash data and
safety issues at the site, visiting the site to discuss possible solutions that would improve safety, and
preparing a written report that outlines the safety issues discussed along with the costs and timeline for
implementing improvements.
Project Location and Description
The Audit Study Area Map of State Street East is shown in Figure 1. The existing conditions for each
study intersection are described below and aerial maps of each study intersection are shown in Figures 2
through 4.
The State Street East corridor is located approximately 0.7 miles east of the proposed MGM site and is
roughly 0.3 miles in length. State Street is classified as an urban principal arterial that runs in an east-west
direction through the study area, with its western terminus at West Columbus Avenue and its eastern
terminus where State Street diverges into Boston Road and Berkshire Avenue in Springfield. Within the
study area, the State Street East corridor was reconstructed in 2012 by MassDOT. The roadway is
maintained by the City of Springfield and has a posted speed limit is 30 miles per hour (mph).
State Street at Federal Street and Walnut Street
State Street, Federal Street, and Walnut Street intersect to form a four-way signalized intersection, with
State Street approaching from the east and the west, Federal Street approaching from the north, and
Walnut Street approaching from the south.
Approaching from the east and west, State Street consists of a shared through/right-turn lane, a through
lane, and an exclusive left-turn lane, separated by a median from two departure lanes in each direction. A
parking lane is present on the eastbound approach. Approaching from the north and south, Federal Street
and Walnut Street, respectively, each consist of a shared/through right-turn lane and an exclusive left-turn
lane, with one departure lane in each direction.
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
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Federal Street is classified as an urban principal arterial that runs in a north-south direction through the
audit area. Federal Street is approximately 0.5 miles long, with its northern terminus at Taylor Street and
its southern terminus at the study intersection. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and
has no posted speed limit in the vicinity of the intersection, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit
unless otherwise posted.
Walnut Street is classified as an urban minor arterial that runs in a north-south direction through the audit
area. Walnut Street is approximately 1 mile long, with its northern terminus at the study intersection and
its southern terminus at the intersection of Hickory Street and Allen Street. The roadway is maintained by
the City of Springfield and has no posted speed limit in the vicinity of the intersection, however, the City
notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted.
TEC, Inc. evaluated the last four years of available crash data (2011 – 2014) from the City of Springfield
to establish a crash rate at the intersection to compare to the average Statewide crash rate1 of 0.80 per
Million Entering Vehicles (MEV), and the average crash rate for District 2, which includes the City of
Springfield, of 0.82 per MEV, for signalized intersections.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 43 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of
0.95 per MEV, which is above both the Statewide and District 2 averages.
State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street
State Street, St. James Avenue, and Oak Street intersect to form a four-way signalized intersection, with
State Street approaching from the east and the west, St. James Avenue approaching from the north, and
Oak Street approaching from the south.
Approaching from the west, State Street consists of a shared through/right-turn lane, a through lane, and
an exclusive left-turn lane, separated by a median from two departure lanes in the westbound direction.
Approaching from the east, State Street consists of an exclusive right-turn lane, a through lane, and a
shared through/left-turn lane, separated by a median from two departure lanes in the eastbound direction.
Approaching from the north, St. James Avenue consists of an exclusive right-turn lane, a through lane,
and an exclusive left turn lane, separated by a median from two departure lanes in the northbound
direction. Approaching from the south, Oak Street consists of one general purpose lane, with one
departure lane in the southbound direction.
St. James Avenue is classified as an urban minor arterial, with the exception of the section of roadway in
the study area between Magazine Street and State Street, where it classified as an urban principal arterial.
St. James Avenue runs in a north-south direction through the audit area, with its southern terminus at the
study intersection and its northern terminus at Broadway Street in the City of Chicopee. The roadway is
maintained by the City of Springfield and has a posted speed limit of 25 mph in the vicinity of the
intersection.
Oak Street is classified as an urban minor arterial that runs in a north-south direction through the audit
area. Oak Street is approximately 0.3 miles long, with its northern terminus at the study intersection and
1
2010 Average Crash Rates, per Million Entering Vehicles, by Intersection Type, MassDOT, Highway Division
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its southern terminus at Walnut Street. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no
posted speed limit in the vicinity of the intersection, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless
otherwise posted.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 69 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of
1.47 per MEV, which is above both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.80 per MEV and 0.82 per
MEV, respectively.
State Street at Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway
State Street, Orleans Street, and CVS Pharmacy Driveway intersect to form a four-way unsignalized
intersection, with State Street approaching from the east and the west, Orleans Street approaching from
the south, and CVS Pharmacy Driveway approaching from the north.
Approaching from the east and west, State Street operates freely with no control and consists of two lanes
in each direction separated by a median. Approaching from the south, Oak Street operates under “STOP”
control and consists of one general purpose lane in each direction. Approaching from the north, CVS
Pharmacy Driveway operates under “STOP” control and consists of one exiting right-turn lane, one
exiting through lane, and one entering lane.
Orleans Street is classified as a local road that runs in a north-south direction through the audit area.
Orleans Street is approximately 0.3 miles long, with its northern terminus at the study intersection and its
southern terminus at Pendleton Avenue. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no
posted speed limit in the vicinity of the intersection, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless
otherwise posted.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 35 crashes were documented, however, traffic volume
data was not collected at this intersection, and therefore an intersection crash rate cannot be calculated.
St. James Avenue at Magazine Street and Bay Street
St. James Avenue, Magazine Street, and Bay Street intersect to form a four-way unsignalized intersection,
with St. James approaching from the north and the south, Magazine Street approaching from the west, and
Bay Street approaching from the east.
Approaching from the south, St. James Avenue operates freely with no control and consists of a shared
through/right turn-lane and an exclusive left-turn lane, separated by a median from three departure lanes
in the southbound direction. Approaching from the north, St. James Avenue operates freely with no
control and consists of one general purpose lane in each direction separated by a traffic island.
Approaching from the west, Magazine Street operates under “STOP” control and consists of one
exclusive right-turn lane, separated by a traffic island from one departure lane in the westbound direction.
Approaching from the east, Bay Street operates under “STOP” control and consist of one general purpose
lane in each direction.
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The existing conditions for St. James Avenue are described above for the intersection with State Street
and Oak Street.
Magazine Street is classified as an urban principal arterial that runs in a northwest-southeast direction
through the audit area. Magazine Street is approximately 0.3 miles long, with its northern terminus at
Worthington Street and its southern terminus at the study intersection. The roadway is maintained by the
City of Springfield and has no posted speed limit in the vicinity of the intersection, however, the City
notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted.
Bay Street is classified as an urban minor arterial that runs in a northeast-southwest direction through the
audit area, with its northeastern terminus at Boston Road and its southern terminus at the study
intersection. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no posted speed limit in the
vicinity of the intersection, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 37 crashes were documented, however, traffic volume
data was not collected at this intersection, and therefore an intersection crash rate cannot be calculated.
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Figure 1: Audit Study Area Map
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Figure 2: Study Intersection 1
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
State Street at Federal Street and Walnut Street
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 3: Study Intersections 2 and 4
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street
St. James Avenue at Magazine Street and Bay Street
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 4: Study Intersection 3
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
State Street Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Audit Observations
Based on a summary of the existing crash information and the RSA site visit, audit participants identified
both corridor-wide safety issues and safety issues that were unique to each of the individual intersections.
The findings are summarized below.
State Street East Corridor
The following deficiencies were noted to be corridor-wide issues:


Traffic Operations and Roadway Geometry:
o
Despite a speed limit of 30 mph, the audit team observed excessive vehicle speeds along
the corridor during daytime hours, and local audit participants mentioned that speeding in
the evening hours is also problematic. We noted that excessive speeds are a common
factor for many of the crashes along the corridor.
o
The allowance and prohibition of U-turn movements along State Street at intersections
and median breaks is inconsistent along the length of the corridor, and appeared to be
sporadic and without justification. Vehicles were observed performing U-turns regardless
of the presence of R3-42, “No U-Turn”, signs.
o
Right Turns on Red (RTOR) are allowed along the corridor, however, many locations
include obstructed sight distance due to the presence of buildings, fences, parked
vehicles, etc. This poor sight distance coupled with a high amount of pedestrian activity
poses a potential safety issue.
o
There are no turnouts present at the bus stops along the corridor. The frequency of buses
stopping in the right lane reduces the traffic flow and could contribute to collisions due to
vehicles changing lanes to avoid being slowed down or rear-end collisions.
Visibility:
o

Pedestrian Accessibility and Behavior:
o
2
Many of the rear-end collisions could be attributed to poor visibility due to solar
positioning, as State Street runs in a general east-west direction.
The audit team observed a relatively large volume of pedestrians crossing State Street
midblock and with little attention to passing vehicle traffic, despite the presence of
pedestrian facilities at the intersections. Local audit participants noted that based on their
experience, pedestrians in the vicinity of the study area typically have little to no regard
of traffic control elements and that improvements to the roadways may not have an effect
on their behavior.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
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Pedestrians crossing mid-block and walking in the traveled way

Bicycle Accessibility and Biking Behavior:
o
People were observed biking on sidewalks, traveling on bicycles in the opposite direction
of traffic flow along the roadways, and crossing the roadways with little attention to
passing vehicle traffic.
o
Bicycle accommodation is only present at the intersections and not along the corridor.
These accommodations are in the form of bicycle detection, bicycle pavement marking
legends located at the stop line, and signage for bicycles to wait on stop line for green
signal.
State Street at Federal Street and Walnut Street

Traffic Operations and Access Management:
o
Delivery vehicles frequently use the right lane of State Street eastbound for temporary
parking while unloading, blocking State Street eastbound traffic. As a result, vehicles
change lanes just prior to the intersection and utilize the lanes as needed rather than the
appropriate lane configurations, i.e. the exclusive left-turn lane becomes a de-facto shared
through/left-turn lane. This is exceptionally problematic during winter months when the
presence of snow banks force delivery vehicles further into the traveled way.
o
Pedestrians were observed crossing the intersection during the “Do Not Walk” phase
against conflicting vehicle movements, particularly where eastbound traffic is
approaching the intersection. Audit participants presumed that the large number of rearend collisions on State Street eastbound could be in part be due to vehicles breaking at
the last minute to avoid pedestrian collisions.
o
A number of vehicles were observed making U-turns from State Street westbound despite
the presence of R3-4, “No U-Turn”, signs. Audit participants speculated that this could be
in part due to vehicles accessing the Burger King via a curb cut on the south side of State
Street.
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
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

o
Vehicles waiting to turn left to access Burger King from Walnut Street southbound often
block southbound traffic and have been known to cause backups that queue into the
intersection, particularly during the student release time for the proximate schools
(Commerce School and Springfield Technical Community College (STCC)). This backup
on Walnut Street is exacerbated when the queue from the Burger King drive-thru lane
blocks the entrance from Walnut Street. As previously mentioned, a number of the Uturns from State Street westbound are due to vehicles accessing the Burger King via the
State Street curb cut. The audit team presumes that these U-turns are a result of vehicles
avoiding the backups for the Walnut Street curb cut.
o
The catch basins in the vicinity of the intersection were clogged, which could cause
flooding during inclement weather and may contribute to unsafe driving conditions.
Audit participants noted that a third of the crashes at this intersection occurred during wet
or icy pavement conditions.
Pedestrian Accessibility and Behavior:
o
A relatively large number of pedestrians were observed crossing all legs of the
intersection during both the exclusive pedestrian phase and the vehicles phases, however,
the primary movement appeared to be from the northwest corner, where STCC is located,
to the southeast corner, where a Burger King is located.
o
The pedestrian equipment at the intersection is relatively new and includes push buttons
and signal countdown display, however, Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS) are not
present.
Public Transportation:
o
The midblock Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) bus stop on State Street
westbound (between the intersection of State Street at Federal Street and Walnut Street
and the intersection of State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street) and the PVTA
bus stop on the far corner of State Street westbound at Federal Street and Walnut Street
are relatively close together, and it may not be necessary to have two PVTA bus stops in
such close proximity.
o
Audit participants noted pavement deformation due to buses stopping short on the
northwest corner of the intersection along State Street westbound adjacent to the existing
PVTA bus stop. Bus drivers may not have visibility of potential fares in advance of the
bus stop due to the orientation of the shelter, which faces the sidewalk rather than the
roadway. This lack of visibility may cause bus drivers to brake quickly in order to stop at
the shelter, which subsequently deforms the pavement, known as “pavement shoving”.
Pavement shoving could cause vehicles to lose control, or ponding could occur during
inclement weather, which could contribute to unsafe driving conditions.
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State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street


Intersection Geometry and Traffic Operations:
o
The Oak Street northbound movement frequently backs up, particularly during the
student release time for Commerce School and STCC, causing vehicles to avoid traffic by
turning onto Lillian Street one block in advance of the intersection with State Street as a
cut-through. This subsequently increases the volume of traffic through the intersection of
State Street at Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway.
o
Despite the relatively low volume of left-turning vehicles from State Street westbound
onto Oak Street, this movement realizes a large number of collisions. This is most likely
a result of the lack of an exclusive left-turn lane and/or the lack of a protected signal
phase for this movement.
o
The through lanes for both State Street westbound and St. James Avenue southbound are
not collinear through the intersection. This could be a contributing factor to some of the
collisions, particularly those that are off-road crashes with a fixed object roughly in a
direct line with the flow of traffic at these locations.
Pedestrian Accessibility and Behavior:
o
The State Street westbound right-turn overlap phase poses a safety issue for pedestrians
crossing the east leg of the intersection across State Street that do so during the “Don’t
Walk” phase.
o
The pedestrian equipment at the intersection is relatively new and includes push buttons
and signal countdown display, however, APS are not present.
State Street at Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway

Traffic Operations:
o
Audit participants noted that vehicles turning left into CVS Pharmacy Driveway from
State Street eastbound frequently block the through movement in the left lane. The audit
team noted that these left-turning vehicles do so by accepting small gaps in traffic due to
the frequent vehicle queue. This left-turn movement, coupled with the high vehicle speed
for State Street westbound, resulted in a number of angle collisions at this intersection,
most of which involved personal injury.
o
Vehicles were observed making U-turns in both the eastbound and westbound directions,
and subsequently blocking the through movement while waiting to turn. The audit team
speculated that U-turning vehicles from State Street westbound may be doing so in order
to avoid the unprotected left-turn onto Oak Street at the intersection with State Street and
St. James Avenue.
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
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o
Orleans Street through and left-turning vehicles were observed advancing past the stop
line into the intersection while waiting for a gap in the westbound traffic, and
subsequently blocking the through movement of the eastbound traffic. It was noted that
local drivers frequently use the through movement from Orleans Street to CVS Pharmacy
Driveway as a shortcut to Bay Street, increasing the volume of through vehicles at the
intersection.
Three vehicles using the median break: one through movement and one
left-turn from CVS Driveway, one left-turn from State Street westbound

Access Management:
o

Due to the orientation of the CVS Pharmacy parking lot, vehicles backing out of parking
spaces in the vicinity of the driveway block the entrance to the parking lot and cause
vehicles to queue onto State Street.
Pedestrian Accessibility and Behavior:
o
Due to the location of CVS and other businesses relative to the housing located on the
south side of State Street proximate to the intersection, the corridor-wide issue of
pedestrians crossing State Street midblock despite a lack of pedestrian facilities is most
problematic at this intersection.
St. James Avenue at Magazine Street and Bay Street

Traffic Operations, Visibility, and Signage:
o
Despite the presence of “Right Turn Only” signage and pavement markings on Magazine
Street, audit participants observed a relatively large number of vehicles executing through
and left-turn movements.
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Left-turning tire marks can be seen departing from the
Magazine Street approach despite a Right Turn Only restriction
o
The “Right Turn Only” signs mentioned in the previous comment are scripted and not the
standard R3-53 signage.
o
An R2-33, “No Left Turn”, sign is present on Magazine Street, however because the sign
is mounted adjacent to the stop line, it may not be visible to vehicles stopped at the
approach.
“Right Turn Only” sign is scripted; “No Left Turn” sign is adjacent to
the stop line and difficult to see from the first vehicle in the queue
3
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
o
Due to the close proximity of the intersection of State Street at St. James Avenue and
Oak Street, vehicles queued at the signal are frequently backed up to the intersection of
St. James Avenue at Magazine Street and Bay Street. This queue is problematic when
vehicles turning right from Magazine Street desire to be in the left-turn lane to turn onto
State Street westbound and do so by stopping in the middle of St. James Avenue
southbound in order to execute the movement.
A vehicle can be seen trying to access the left-turn lane from Magazine
Street, blocking the through movement on St. James Avenue
o
At the Bay Street approach, there is obstructed intersection sight distance looking right
due to the presence of an existing building and frequent parked vehicles along the west
side of St. James Avenue. These obstructions coupled with the location of the stop sign
and stop line, which are set slightly back from the intersection, do not allow for adequate
sight distance. This causes vehicles to edge past the stop line to achieve necessary sight
distance, which subsequently blocks St. James Avenue northbound traffic.
Obstructed intersection sight distance from the Bay Street approach
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
Pedestrian Accessibility and Behavior:
o
There are no crosswalks across St. James Avenue to travel to/from Magazine Street and
Bay Street. Audit participants observed a number of pedestrians executing this movement
despite the lack of pedestrian facilities.
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Potential Safety Enhancements
Following review of crash data and traffic counts and a discussion of potential safety issues, audit
participants recommend the following.
State Street East Corridor

Post speed limit signage more frequently throughout the corridor and consider adding
supplemental signage such as “Strictly Enforced” or installing Radar Speed Feedback signs to aid
in speed reduction efforts (see example below), per MassDOT guidelines and existing speed
regulation.
Source: http://www.radarsign.com
4

Consider the use of additional enforcement to deter speeding along the corridor and supply
enforcement if appropriate.

Reduce lane widths where possible as a traffic calming measure by restriping the lanes, which
may also provide the width necessary for the addition of exclusive bicycle lanes.

Evaluate where U-turns should be permitted and prohibited, and remove or install R3-4 “No UTurn” signage where appropriate.

Investigate where Right Turns on Red (RTOR) should be prohibited due to poor sight distance
and install R10-114, “No Turn on Red”, and R10-154, “Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians”,
signs where appropriate.

Determine the feasibility of providing bus turnouts in the vicinity of PVTA bus stops, and if
feasible, install turnouts so that buses may pull out of the traveled way to improve traffic flow and
reduce the number of collisions that result from frequent bus stopping.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition
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Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
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
Install reflectorized borders on the signal backplates to improve visibility.

Install supplemental post-mounted signals to avoid a lack of visibility due to solar positioning.

Investigate where mid-block crossing is most frequent and provide pedestrian accommodations
where appropriate, including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning
devices, such as rapid flashing beacons.

Evaluate if the addition of a fence within the median would allow for adequate sight distance, and
if appropriate, install ornamental steel fencing to prohibit pedestrians from crossing midblock.

Provide bicycle accommodations by providing exclusive bicycle lanes where possible and/or
installing additional signage and shared lane (“sharrow”) pavement markings where appropriate.

Implement a safety plan in the local schools that educates the next generation regarding bicycle
and pedestrian behavior and safety, including but not limited to additional sections in the student
handbook.
State Street at Federal Street and Walnut Street

In conjunction with the business owners at the southwest corner of the intersection, investigate
other parking options for patrons and consider removing some of the parking spaces along State
Street eastbound. Relocating parking for patrons would provide the space for a loading zone or
commercial parking during specific hours of the day to prevent delivery vehicles from parking in
the traveled way. If appropriate, remove the parking spaces and install “No Parking” signage.

Investigate if U-turns should be allowed or prohibited from the State Street westbound approach.
If allowed, remove the U-turn restriction signage and implement a “No Turn On Red” restriction
on Walnut Street northbound. If prohibited, install additional R3-4 “No U-Turn” signs to ensure
visibility by vehicles queued at the stop line.

Clean out the catch basins to improve drainage and driving conditions.

Investigate if a diagonal crossing at the intersection is desirable due to the high volume of
pedestrians crossing from the northwest corner to the southeast corner, and if feasible, install
pavement markings for a diagonal crosswalk at this location to accommodate the desired
pedestrian path.

Install APS to meet current standards for pedestrian accommodations.

In coordination with PVTA, determine the feasibility of consolidating or relocating the bus stop
on the northwest corner of the intersection, which may be acceptable due to its proximity to the
bus stop on State Street westbound between Federal Street and St. James Avenue. If acceptable,
remove or relocate the bus stop to reduce delay and improve safety at this location.
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
If the PVTA bus stop at the northwest corner of the intersection cannot be removed or relocated,
reposition the bus shelter so that it faces the roadway to improve visibility for bus drivers, and as
part of the corridor-wide investigation of bus turnouts, investigate the feasibility, and install a
turnout if appropriate.

Reconstruct the pavement in the vicinity of the bus stop on State Street westbound to improve
drainage and driving conditions.
State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street

Evaluate the signal timing for the intersection, particularly during student release time. If
appropriate, extend the green time for the Oak Street signal phase, either in the overall timing
plan or by adding a timing plan during the hours of student release, to clear additional vehicles
from the queue and reduce the number of vehicles using the cut-through on Lillian Street.

Investigate if an exclusive left-turn lane and/or protected phase is warranted to reduce the number
of collisions that result from State Street westbound left-turns. If warranted, convert the leftmost
through lane to an exclusive left-turn lane and/or modify the signal phasing to include a protected
phase.

Reconfigure the curbing and striping of the approaches to the intersection to eliminate the noncollinear lanes.

Install R10-25, “Cross Only on ‘Walk’ Signal”, signs at the east leg of the intersection across
State Street to deter pedestrians from walking during the conflicting right-turn overlap phase.

Install APS to meet current standards for pedestrian accommodations.
State Street at Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway
5

Investigate the closure of the median opening to reduce the number of collisions due to U-turning
and left-turning vehicles from State Street, and through and left-turning vehicles from Orleans
Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway. This investigation should take into consideration any
potential issues for emergency vehicle access and public safety. If deemed appropriate, close the
opening by installing curb and backfilling the median.

Investigate if a signal and/or additional lanes are warranted on State Street at the median break to
provide storage for left-turning vehicles into the CVS Pharmacy Driveway and Orleans Street. If
warranted, install signals and/or widen the roadway to accommodate exclusive left-turn lanes.

Investigate if U-turns should be allowed or prohibited at the median break for State Street
eastbound and westbound vehicles. If prohibited, install R3-4 “No U-Turn” signs to eliminate Uturns at this location.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition
Page 21
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214

Investigate if a pedestrian crossing is warranted across State Street between CVS Pharmacy
Driveway and Orleans Street and provide pedestrian accommodations, including but not limited
to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons.
St. James Avenue at Magazine Street and Bay Street

Determine if a signal is warranted at the intersection. A signalized intersection would facilitate
the desirable through and left-turn movements from Magazine Street, and mitigate the issue of
sight distance from Bay Street. If warranted, install signals and provide coordination with the
intersection of State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street to provide continuous movement
through both intersections.

Investigate the feasibility of reconfiguring the Magazine Street approach such that through and
left-turns are more difficult to maneuver in order to encourage compliance with the right-turn
only regulation. If feasible, realign the Magazine Street approach.

Replace the “Right Turn Only” script signs on Magazine Street with the standard R3-5 signage.

Install a secondary R2-3, “No Left Turn” sign and/or move the stop line at the Magazine Street
approach to improve sign visibility.

Investigate the feasibility of adding a lane to the Magazine Street approach to channelize vehicles
prior to St. James Avenue and subsequently reduce lane weaving within the intersection. If
feasible, widen the Magazine Street approach to accommodate the additional lane.

Investigate if a pedestrian crossing is warranted across St. James Avenue between Magazine
Street and Bay Street and provide pedestrian accommodations, including but not limited to
crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons.
Page 22
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Summary of Road Safety Audit
TEC, Inc. has retained Nitsch Engineering to prepare this RSA for MassDOT for the State Street East
corridor. As part of the RSA process going forward, each of the potential safety enhancements is
classified by time frame and cost, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Time Frame and Costs Breakdown
Time Frame
Short-term
< 1 year
Mid-term
1-3 years
Long-term
> 3 years
Low
Medium
High
Costs
< $10,000
$10,000-$50,000
> $50,000
Any new regulations that may be implemented as a result of this Road Safety Audit must first be
submitted and approved by the Springfield Board of Public Works.
The safety issues, potential improvements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, and cost for the overall
State Street East corridor and the individual intersections are summarized in Tables 3 through 7.
Page 23
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
State Street East Corridor
Safety Issue
Traffic Operations
and Roadway
Geometry
Visibility
Pedestrian and
Bicycle Accessibility
and Behavior
Safety Enhancement
Post additional speed limit signage and consider adding supplemental
signage such as “Strictly Enforced” or installing Radar Speed Feedback
signs
Supply additional enforcement if appropriate
Reduce lane widths where possible by restriping the lanes and provide
bicycle lanes if feasible
Remove or install R3-4 “No U-Turn” signage where appropriate
Install R10-11, “No Turn on Red”, signs and R10-15, “Turning Vehicles
Yield to Pedestrians” signs where appropriate
Install bus turnouts so that buses may pull out of the traveled way if
feasible
Install reflectorized borders on the signal backplates
Install supplemental post-mounted signals
Provide pedestrian accommodations at mid-block crossings where
appropriate, including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and
warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons
Install ornamental steel fencing within the median to prohibit pedestrians
from crossing midblock if appropriate
Provide bicycle accommodations by providing exclusive bicycle lanes
where possible and/or installing additional signage and shared lane
(“sharrow”) pavement markings where appropriate
Implement a safety plan in the local schools that educates the next
generation regarding bicycle and pedestrian behavior and safety, including
but not limited to additional sections in the student handbook
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
High
Short-term
Low
High
Short-Term
High
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Medium
Short-term
Low
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Medium
Short-term
Long-term
Low
High
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Medium
Short-term
Medium
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Low
Long-term
Low
Page 24
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 4. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
State Street at Federal Street and Walnut Street
Safety Issue
Traffic Operations
and Access
Management
Safety Enhancement
In conjunction with the business owners at the southwest corner of the
intersection, remove some of the parking spaces along State Street
eastbound and install “No Parking” signage if appropriate
At the State Street westbound approach, if U-turns are allowed, remove
the U-turn restriction signage and implement a “No Turn On Red”
restriction on Walnut Street northbound. If U-turns are prohibited, install
additional R3-4 “No U-Turn” signs
Clean out the catch basins to improve drainage and driving conditions
Pedestrian
Accessibility and
Behavior
Install pavement markings for a diagonal crosswalk from the northwest
corner to the southeast corner to accommodate the desired pedestrian
path if feasible
Install APS to meet current standards for pedestrian accommodations
Public
Transportation
In coordination with PVTA, remove or relocate the bus stop on the
northwest corner of the intersection if acceptable
Reposition the bus shelter so that it faces the roadway and install a turnout
if appropriate
Reconstruct the pavement in the vicinity of the bus stop on State Street
westbound
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Medium
Short-term
Low
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Low
Short-term
Low
Low
Short-term
Low
Low
Mid-term
Low
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Low
Mid-term
Medium
Page 25
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 5. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
State Street at St. James Avenue and Oak Street
Safety Issue
Intersection
Geometry and
Traffic Operations
Pedestrian
Accessibility and
Behavior
Safety Enhancement
Extend the green time for the Oak Street signal phase, either in the overall
timing plan or by adding a timing plan during the hours of student release if
appropriate
Convert the leftmost through lane on State Street westbound to an
exclusive left-turn lane if warranted
Modify the signal phasing to include a protected phase for State Street
westbound if warranted
Reconfigure the curbing and striping of the approaches to the intersection
to eliminate the non-collinear lanes
Install R10-2, “Cross Only on ‘Walk’ Signal”, signs at the east leg of the
intersection
Install APS to meet current standards for pedestrian accommodations
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Low
Short-term
Low
Medium
Short-term
Low
Medium
Short-term
Low
Medium
Long-term
High
Medium
Short-term
Low
Low
Mid-term
Low
Table 6. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
State Street at Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
If deemed appropriate, close the median opening at the intersection by
installing curb and backfilling the median
Traffic Operations
Pedestrian
Accessibility and
Behavior
Install signals and/or widen State Street to accommodate exclusive leftturn lanes at the intersection if warranted
If U-turns are prohibited at the median break, install R3-4, “No U-Turn”,
signs
Provide pedestrian accommodations across State Street if warranted,
including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning
devices, such as rapid flashing beacons
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
High
Mid-term
Medium
High
Long-term
High
Medium
Short-term
Low
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Page 26
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 7. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
St. James Avenue at Magazine Street and Bay Street
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Install signals and provide coordination with the intersection of State Street
at St. James Avenue and Oak Street if warranted
Traffic Operations,
Visibility, and
Signage
Pedestrian
Accessibility and
Behavior
Realign the Magazine Street approach if feasible
Replace the “Right Turn Only” script signs on Magazine Street with the
standard R3-5 signage
Install a secondary R2-3, “No Left Turn” sign and/or move the stop line at
the Magazine Street approach to improve sign visibility
Widen the Magazine Street approach to accommodate an additional lane if
feasible
Provide pedestrian accommodations across St. James Avenue if
warranted, including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and
warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
High
Long-term
High
Medium
Long-term
High
Low
Short-term
Low
Low
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Long-Term
High
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Page 27
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix A: RSA Meeting Agenda
Road Safety Audit
Springfield, MA
State Street East Corridor
Meeting Location: Sheraton Springfield Monarch Place Hotel
Boland Executive Boardroom 3rd Floor
Monarch Place, Springfield, MA
Friday, October 23, 2015
11:00 AM – 3:00 PM
Type of meeting:
High Crash Location – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
11:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
11:15 AM
Discussion of Safety Issues
 Crash history, Speed Regulations – provided in advance
 Existing Geometries and Conditions
11:45 AM
Site Visit
 Travel to State Street East Corridor
 As a group, identify areas for improvements
2:00 PM
Discussion of Potential Improvements
 Return to original meeting location
 Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas
 Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
3:00 PM
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:

Before attending the RSA on October 23rd, participants are encouraged to
drive/walk through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA
Prompt List with a focus on safety.

All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.

After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix B: RSA Audit Team Contact List
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
RSA Sign In Sheet
State Street East
Springfield, MA
Friday, October 23, 2015 11:00 a.m.
Name
Jane Davis
Jeff Bandini
Samuel
Gregorio
William Ullom
John Mastera
Dmitriy
Mayboroda
William Van
Duzer
Sgt. Mel K.
Kwatowski
Khyati Parmar
Joy Martin
Trung Vo
Bao Lang
Laura Hanson
Agency/Affiliation
Nitsch Engineering
Nitsch Engineering
Email
jdavis@nitscheng.com
jbandini@nitscheng.com
TEC, Inc.
SGregorio@theengineeringcorp.com 978-794-1792
MassDOT Traffic
Operations
MassDOT Highway Safety
Fuss & O’Neill
(representing City of
Springfield)
Fuss & O’Neill
(representing City of
Springfield)
Springfield Police
Department
Pioneer Valley Planning
Commission
Davenport Companies
MassDOT District 2 –
Highway
MassDOT District 2 –
Highway
MassDOT District 2 –
Projects
Phone
617-338-0063
617-338-0063
william.ullom@state.ma.us
857-368-9622
john.mastera@state.ma.us
857-368-9648
DMayboroda@fando.com
413-452-0445
WVanDuzer@fando.com
413-452-0445
mkwatowski@springfieldpolice.net
413-348-4419
kparmar@pvpc.org
413-781-6045
jmartin@dvnpt.net
617-986-0000
trung.vo@state.ma.us
413-582-1516
bao.lang@state.ma.us
413-582-0547
laura.hanson@state.ma.us
413-582-0589
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix C: Detailed Crash Data
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
C
20
12
2
11
Q
4
21
37
J
F I R EE
18
L
9/21/2015 1:15 PM
8
C
13
3 10 33
DD
1
C C
19
5 6 17 31 32 34 40 41
Z
D
7
P
36 43
P
29
U
22 24 28
G BB
AA
27
35
T
B
16 42
A
P
S
E
38
14
25
9 23
CC
T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\4_STATE STREET [EAST] CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_STATE_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG
39
State Street Corridor at Federal Street and Walnut Street
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
26
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
Road Safety Audit
15 30
No
rth
Not to Scale
NOTE: CRASHES ARE NUMBERED
PER INDIVIDUAL INTERSECTION.
CRASHES BETWEEN INTERSECTIONS
ARE LABELED BY LETTER.
LEGEND
P
SHOW FOR COLLISION
VEHICLE PATH
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
ANGLED COLLISION
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
C CYCLIST COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
PARKED VEHICLE
PERSONAL INJURY
FATALITY
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
A
REAR-END COLLISION
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions]
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
TOTAL
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
13
7
1
8
3
1
1
34
NON-FATAL INJURY
17
0
1
2
2
7
0
29
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
TOTAL
30
7
3
10
5
8
1
64
Figure A-1
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ Walnut Street / Federal Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
1
3/3/2011
Thursday
12:05 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
2
10/19/2011
Wednesday
2:41 PM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
3
12/28/2011
Wednesday
5:28 PM
Pedestrian
Dark - Lighted
Clear
4
12/31/2011
Saturday
7:05 PM
Rear-End
Dark - Lighted
5
2/21/2012
Tuesday
11:54 AM
Rear-End
6
3/28/2012
Wednesday
11:48 AM
7
4/28/2012
Saturday
8
5/4/2012
9
5/12/2012
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
Non-Fatal Injury
82
-
Made Improper Turn
Property Damage Only
21
67
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
39
42
Cloudy
Wet
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
54
19
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
58
40
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
28
55
4:41 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
57
57
Friday
5:25 PM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signals, signs, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
27
9
Saturday
3:45 AM
Rear-End
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Distracted
Non-Fatal Injury
26
21
10
8/3/2012
Friday
9:39 PM
11
8/12/2012
Sunday
2:32 AM
12
9/13/2012
Thursday
4:55 PM
D3
Comments
MV1, operating State Street WB, struck a cyclist in the Walnut
Street crosswalk as it turned left onto Walnut Street SB. The
cyclist's bicycle became lodged in the car's grill, & the cyclist
rolled over the top of the car.
MV1 & MV2 (PVTA bus) both operating State Street WB just
west of the Federal Street intersection. MV2 tried to merge
into the left lane without using its turn signal. MV1, already in
the left lane, was forced into the curbed median island to
avoid being hit by the bus.
MV1, operating State Street WB, struck a pedestrian in the
middle of the crosswalk on the WB approach (traveling from
Walnut Street to Federal Street).
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street WB. As both vehicles
crossed the intersection, a van in front of MV1 made a
sudden stop. MV1 slammed on its brakes, causing MV2 to
skid and rear-end MV1.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 stopped in
traffic when struck in rear by MV2
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 stopped in
traffic. MV2 struck MV1 in rear when foot slipped off brake.
MV1 traveling along Federal Street SB making a left turn. MV2
traveling along State Street EB proceeded through
intersection and struck MV1.
MV1 traveling on State Street EB making a left turn.
Pedestrian crossing in the crosswalk NB. MV1 accelerated to
beat the light and struck pedestrian.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on Walnut Street NB. MV1 stopped at
red light. MV2 distracted by objects moving within vehicle
and struck MV1.
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
31
30
MV1 traveling on State Street WB when a pedestrian ran out
into the roadway from the northerly sidewalk approximately
225 feet east of Federal Street. MV1 had no chance to stop.
Pedestrian appeared to have been drinking.
Sideswipe - Same
Dark - Lighted
Direction
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
23
28
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV2 made a
right turn from far left lane onto Federal Street and cut off
MV1.
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Property Damage Only
24
-
MV1 traveling on Federal Street SB making a right turn onto
State Street when rear ended by MV2. MV2 fled scene.
Pedestrian
Rear-End
Daylight
13
10/22/2012
Monday
8:43 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Distracted
Property Damage Only
19
21
14
12/7/2012
Friday
9:00 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Failure to keep in proper lane or running
off road
Property Damage Only
57
43
15
12/15/2012
Saturday
5:47 PM
Head on
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
20
51
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 3
22
MV1, MV2, and MV3 traveling on State Street EB. MV3 struck
MV2 while looking for an approaching ambulance. MV2
forced into MV1 who was making a right turn onto Walnut
Street.
MV1 stopped at red light on Walnut Street NB. MV2 traveling
on State Street EB made right turn, crossed the center lines
and struck MV1. MV2 fled scene.
MV2 traveling on Walnut Street NB proceeded through
intersection. MV1 traveling on Federal Street SB making a left
turn onto State Street struck MV2.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ Walnut Street / Federal Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
16
5/14/2013
Tuesday
9:30 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signals, signs, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
29
39
17
7/22/2013
Monday
6:06 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
52
35
18
9/22/2013
Sunday
5:34 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
-
23
26
19
12/13/2013
Friday
11:55 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
31
41
36
20
12/16/2013
Monday
4:42 PM
Rear-End
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Wet
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
31
42
21
2/25/2014
Tuesday
9:15 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Property Damage Only
34
27
22
4/16/2014
Wednesday
4:25 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Property Damage Only
20
60
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV2 stopped at
red light when struck by MV1.
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Failure to keep in proper lane or running
off road
Swerving or avoiding due to wind,
slippery surface, vehicle, object, nonmotorist in roadway, etc.
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
D3
Comments
MV1 traveling along State Street EB while MV2 traveling
along Walnut Street NB. MV1 had been stopped by MSP on
State Street near Chestnut Street and fled (throwing narcotics
from vehicle). MV1 runs RED light at Wanut Street and strikes
MV2.
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB. MV1 was
stopped for a red light when it was rear-ended by MV2.
Two cyclists were traveling State Street EB in the right lane
approaching Walnut Street when MV1 sideswipped the
cyclists, knocking them off their bikes. MV1 then fled the
scene.
MV1 operating Walnut Street NB; MV2 operating State Street
EB; MV3 operating State Street WB. MV1 was struck by MV2
as it attempted to turn left onto State Street WB. MV1 &
MV2 both stated that they had green lights. MV3 was struck
by a tire that came off of MV2.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Federal Street SB. MV2 was
stopped at a red light when MV1 decided to change lanes,
rear-ending MV2.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV2 struck MV1
attempting to change from left lane to right lane.
23
5/7/2014
Wednesday
5:09 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
21
65
MV1 and MV2 traveling on Walnut Street NB. MV2 was about
to proceed through yellow light when a pedestrian entered
the crosswalk. MV2 stopped quickly and was rear ended by
MV1.
24
6/3/2014
Tuesday
2:27 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
57
30
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 stopped at
traffic light when struck by MV2. MV2 fled the scene.
25
7/22/2014
Tuesday
1:08 PM
Single Vehicle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
32
N/A
26
9/13/2014
Saturday
3:58 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
34
N/A
27
10/14/2014
Tuesday
6:31 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
27
19
28
10/30/2014
Thursday
2:20 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
30
33
29
12/21/2014
Sunday
12:25 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
31
43
30
1/20/2011
Thursday
10:21 PM
Unknown
Daylight
Clear
Ice
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
50
22
31
9/17/2011
Saturday
6:09 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Followed too closely/Other improper
action
Property Damage Only
31
42
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 3
MV1 traveling on State Street EB jumped the curb and struck
a utility pole.
MV1 traveling on Federal Street SB making a right turn onto
State Street hit the curb and struck a light pole.
MV2 traveling on Walnut Street NB proceeded through
intersection. MV1 traveling on State Street WB struck MV2.
MV2 claimed to have green light.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV2 struck MV1.
MV2 claimed that brake lights did not come on.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. Cyclist traveling on Walnut
Street NB. MV1 claimed that light turned green and entered
the intersection. Cyclist in intersection against red light was
knocked off bike.
MV1 traveling SB from Federal St. attempted to turn left onto
State St. when it collided with MV2 travelling NB through
intersection from Walnut St.
MV1 was travelling behind MV2, both travelling EB on State
St. When they approached intersection MV2 stopped
suddenly and MV1 rear ended MV2.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ Walnut Street / Federal Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
32
9/22/2011
Thursday
12:02 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
Ages
D1
D2
48
19
33
9/23/2011
Friday
12:11 PM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Rain
Wet
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
38
19
34
10/17/2011
Monday
7:40 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
20
18
35
12/7/2011
Wednesday
4:33 PM
Pedestrian
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
47
15
36
1/23/2012
Monday
8:06 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
20
23
37
1/14/2013
Monday
10:08 AM
Single Vehicle
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Failure to keep in proper lane or running
off road
Property Damage Only
20
2/15/2013
Friday
8:49 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
18
28
39
3/8/2013
Friday
4:32 PM
Head on
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to keep in proper lane or running
off road
Unknown
47
32
40
8/20/2013
Tuesday
4:45 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Cellular telephone/ Followed too closely
Non-Fatal Injury
22
20
41
11/18/2013
Monday
9:14 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
28
60
43
5/17/2014
7/17/2014
Saturday
Thursday
7:52 AM
5:48 PM
Angle
Rear-End
Daylight
Daylight
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Inattention
No Improper Driving
Sheet 3 of 3
Property Damage Only
Non-Fatal Injury
51
43
Comments
MV1 and MV2 traveling EB on State St. MV1 slowed for traffic
ahead at Walnut St. Intersection and was rear ended by MV2
56
MV1 was travelling WB on State St approaching Walnut St
intersection when female pedestrian crossed road at non
crosswalk location. MV1 applied brakes but was unable to
avoid pedestrian. MV1 struck pedestrian who suffered a nonfatal injury.
MV1 and MV2 were both traveling EB on State St. MV1
slowed down for traffic at Walnut St. intersection when MV2,
who was looking away in an attempt to change lanes, rearended MV1.
MV1 was heading WB on State St. and turned left onto
Walnut St. Pedestrian walking across Walnut St was bumped
and fell to pavement.
MV3, MV2, and MV1 were all travelling in succession EB on
State St. MV3 and MV2 slowed for traffic at Walnut St
intersection. MV1 did not slow in time and rear-ended MV2
who was pushed forward into MV3.
MV1 was travelling EB on State St. approaching Walnut St.
intersection when they went off the left side of the road
contacting the median then contacting a small tree. MV1
continued on through both WB travel lanes before striking
the north side curbing and comming to a stop.
N/A
38
42
D3
MV1 and MV2 are both traveling NB on Walnut St. Just before
State St. intersection MV2 stops to turn right into Burger King
lot. MV1 tried to swerve around MV2 but made contact with
rear of car.
MV1 was heading SB from Federal St. thru green light at State
St. intersection when MV2 heading NB crossed over marked
lanes and struck MV1 head on.
MV 1 and MV2 were travelling EB in left lane on State St. MV1
had stopped due to traffic at Walnut St intersection. MV2
rear-ended MV1 forcing MV1 over the curbed median and
into WB traffic lane.
MV1 and MV2 were travelling EB on State St through Walnut
St. intersection. MV2 came to a stop and MV1 collided with
the rear of MV2.
21
MV1 was traveling EB on State St. MV2 was traveling NB on
Walnut St. Both drivers state there lights had just turned
green as they approached intersection. MV1 struck rear
quarter of MV2 spinning him around through WB traffic lanes
and coming to rest at northwest corner curb.
22
MV1 and MV2 were both stopped at red light at Walnut St
intersection facing EB on State St. MV3 was also heading EB
on State St. MV3 was unable to stop and rear-ended MV2
who was then forced into the rear of MV1.
22
Crash Data Summary Charts
State Street @ Walnut Street / Federal Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
State Street@ Walnut Street / Federal Street
43
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
3
3
3
2
5
1
3
3
6
5
1
8
%
7%
7%
7%
5%
12%
2%
7%
7%
14%
12%
2%
19%
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
3
7
7
6
6
7
7
%
7%
16%
16%
14%
14%
16%
16%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
5
5
8
11
6
8
%
12%
12%
19%
26%
14%
19%
30%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
4
20
7
2
2
7
1
%
9%
47%
16%
5%
5%
16%
2%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
29
8
6
0
0
0
%
67%
19%
14%
0%
0%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow / Ice
Unknown / NR
#
29
13
1
0
%
67%
30%
2%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
18
24
0
1
%
42%
56%
0%
2%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Swerving / Avoiding
Made an Improper Turn
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
2
0
2
13
2
1
1
0
1
4
0
9
8
%
5%
0%
5%
30%
5%
2%
2%
0%
2%
9%
0%
21%
19%
T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head‐on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow / Ice
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD
DISTRICT :
2
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
NO
Aug-13
SIGNALIZED :
YES
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MAJOR STREET :
STATE STREET
MINOR STREET(S) :
FEDERAL STREET
North
DIAGRAM
(Label Approaches)
State Street
State Street
Walnut St
INTERSECTION
Federal St
WALNUT STREET
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
EB
WB
NB
SB
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
844
782
352
559
" K " FACTOR :
0.082
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
43
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
5
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
# OF
YEARS :
0.95
4
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
RATE =
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Comments : K DETERMINED FROM ATR ON STATE BETWEEN E COLUMBUS & MAIN
Project Title & Date:
MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
2,537
30,939
10.75
North
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
Not to Scale
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
Road Safety Audit
State Street Corridor at St. James Avenue, Magazine Street, Bay Street, and Oak Street
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
H
N X
51
26
8
1
22
66
25 29
33
P
54
48
20
13
63
P
C
C
27
61
40
57
C
62
43
19 30 37
16 18 36 47
8
52
4
67
10
45
25
64
32
P
60
P
56
58
35
2
69
35
50
49
28
P
10
53
5
34
14 17 44
9/21/2015 1:15 PM
46
15
6
24 68
31
P
11
15
2
9
16
23
19
7
30
29
12 17 18 24
14
21
3
23 32 42 65
21
12
P
6
4 20
33
5 7 11 13 27 28 37
C
3
59
1
34
39
36
9 31
P
26
P
41
55
22
K
O
P
V
T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\4_STATE STREET [EAST] CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_STATE_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG
38
M
NOTE: CRASHES ARE NUMBERED
PER INDIVIDUAL INTERSECTION.
CRASHES BETWEEN INTERSECTIONS
ARE LABELED BY LETTER.
LEGEND
SHOW FOR COLLISION
VEHICLE PATH
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
ANGLED COLLISION
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
P
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
C
CYCLIST COLLISION
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
PARKED VEHICLE
PERSONAL INJURY
FATALITY
A
REAR-END COLLISION
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
TOTAL
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
12
8
1
21
8
3
0
53
NON-FATAL INJURY
14
3
1
27
3
9
0
57
FATAL INJURY
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
TOTAL
1
27
0
11
1
3
0
48
1
13
0
12
0
0
1
114
Figure A-2
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ St. James Avenue - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
1
1/28/2011
Friday
1:50 PM
Pedestrian
2
2/3/2011
Thursday
11:31 PM
Head On
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
No Improper Driving
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Wet
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent or aggressive manner
Property Damage Only
Ages
D3
Comments
D1
D2
Non-Fatal Injury
55
39
MV1 traveling on State Street WB struck a pedestrain
walking WB.
Unknown
24
-
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. MV2 traveling on State
Street EB turning left onto St James. MV2 fled scene.
24
54
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. MV2 traveling on Oak
Street NB. MV1 states that light was green and MV2 states
that their light was yellow as both proceeded through the
intersection.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 stopped at
red light when rear ended by MV2. MV2 fled the scene
3
2/24/2011
Thursday
4:04 AM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
4
3/27/2011
Sunday
12:43 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
27
19
5
4/16/2011
Saturday
11:24 PM
Rear End
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Visibility Obstruction
Property Damage Only
20
25
6
4/21/2011
Thursday
11:44 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Property Damage Only
62
22
7
4/30/2011
Saturday
4:20 PM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
41
12
8
9/1/2011
Thursday
8:28 AM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Non-Fatal Injury
26
24
9
9/4/2011
Sunday
12:02 AM
Sideswipe Opposite
Direction
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
35
38
MV2 traveling on State Street EB through intersection. MV1
traveling on State Street WB turning onto Oak Street. MV1
had green light but failed to yield right of way.
54
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 stopped at
red light when rear ended by MV2.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB attempting to turn left
onto Oak Street. MV2 traveling on State Street EB.
MV1 operating St James Avenue SB at State Street
intersection when it struck a pedestrian running across the
street to meet his friends.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB slowing in traffic.
MV3 make a left turn from St James Street SB and struck
MV2. MV2 forced into MV1.
10
9/12/2011
Monday
10:55 AM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
50
42
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 stopped for
disabled MV in lane. MV2 struck MV1 in rear as it was
unexpecting to stop.
11
9/12/2011
Monday
8:53 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
21
29
MV1 traveling on State Street EB through intersection. MV2
traveling on State Street WB turning onto Oak Street.
12
9/15/2011
Thursday
10:05 AM
Cyclist
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
86
25
13
9/26/2011
Monday
6:04 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
56
17
14
10/8/2011
Saturday
7:00 AM
Single Vehicle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
20
N/A
15
10/14/2011
Friday
11:03 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
Wet
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
24
19
16
12/4/2011
Sunday
6:57 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
68
28
17
12/13/2011
Tuesday
2:13 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
Dry
Exceeded authorized speed limit / Driving
too fast for conditions
Non-Fatal Injury
27
N/A
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
42
22
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
24
-
18
12/25/2011
Sunday
6:40 AM
Sideswipe Opposite
Direction
19
1/19/2012
Thursday
1:11 PM
Rear End
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 5
MV1 traveling on Oak Street NB turning right onto State
Street. Cyclist crossing Oak Street WB in crosswalk.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. Cyclist crossing State
Street SB from St. James. Cyclist failed to yield right or way to
MV1.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. Attempted to apply
brakes but didn't respond. MV1 went up on sidewalk and
struck a light pole.
MV1 traveling on State Street EB. MV2 traveling on State
Street WB attempting left turn onto Oak Street. Both claim to
have green light.
MV1 traveling on St James Avenue SB proceeded through
intersection. MV2 traveing on State Street EB. MV1 had red
light but couldn't stop vehicle when applied brakes.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB lost control, traveled onto
the curb before hitting a boulder in landscaping.
MV1 traveling on St James Avenue SB proceeded through
intersection. MV2 traveing on State Street EB. Both claim to
have green light.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on St. James Avenue SB. MV1
stopped in traffic when rear ended by MV2. Operator of MV2
fled on foot.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ St. James Avenue - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
20
2/2/2012
Thursday
6:49 AM
Single Vehicle
Dawn
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Unknown
-
N/A
21
3/24/2012
Saturday
10:12 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
Dry
Driving too fast for conditions
Non-Fatal Injury
58
46
22
6/12/2012
Tuesday
2:28 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Over-correction/Over-steering
Property Damage Only
21
N/A
23
7/13/2012
Friday
8:15 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
19
-
24
7/26/2012
Thursday
12:26 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Followed too closely
Non-Fatal Injury
60
36
25
8/4/2012
Saturday
4:07 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
64
49
26
8/5/2012
Sunday
9:13 PM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
49
N/A
27
8/18/2012
Saturday
9:57 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
21
49
28
9/21/2012
Friday
10:30 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
21
48
29
10/4/2012
Thursday
3:14 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
17
46
30
10/14/2012
Sunday
1:52 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Distracted
Non-Fatal Injury
31
-
31
10/17/2012
Wednesday
8:23 AM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Clear
Unknown
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
46
16
32
11/14/2012
Wednesday
3:25 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Property Damage Only
28
-
33
11/22/2012
Thursday
8:00 AM
Single Vehicle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Faiure to keep in proper lane or running
off road
Property Damage Only
32
N/A
34
1/2/2013
Wednesday
1:28 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
49
30
35
1/31/2013
Thursday
10:00 PM
Rear End
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Emotional
Non-Fatal Injury
50
30
36
2/13/2013
Wednesday
4:46 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
22
53
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 5
D3
67
Comments
MV1 traveling on State Street WB turning right onto St.
James Avneue. MV1 rode up onto the curb, struck WMECO
Light pole and continued NB.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB attempting to turn right
onto St. James Avenue. MV2 and MV3 stopped in traffic on
St. James SB. MV1 drove over traffic island and struck MV2
and MV3.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 hit curb on
passenger side then over corrected and crossed into left lane
before hitting a small tree in center island.
MV1 traveling on St James Avenue SB through green
dedicated left turn. MV2 traveling on Oak Street NB runs red
light through intersection and strikes MV1. MV2 fled scene,
leave bumper behind.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on Oak Street NB. MV1 stopped in
traffic for Ambulance with lights on. MV2 struck MV1 in rear.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 stopped at
red light gets struck by MV2 in rear.
MV1 traveling on St James Avenue SB attempting left turn
onto State Street struck curbing on right side and struck light
pole.
14
MV2 traveling on State Street WB attempting a left turn onto
Oak Street. MV1 traveling on State Street EB when struck by
MV2. MV1 was re-directed after collision and continued to
travel up onto the sidewalk hitting a pedestrian.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB attempting left turn onto
Oak Street. MV2 traveling on State Street EB.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 stopped at
red light gets struck by MV2 in rear. MV2 looked down for a
moment just prior to collision.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on St. James Avenue SB. MV1
stopped in traffic when rear ended by MV2. Operator of MV2
fled the scene.
MV1 traveling on Oak Street NB proceeded through
intersection with green light when a pedestrain jumped out
seemingly on purpose getting hit by MV1.
MV1 traveling on Oak Street NB thru intersection. MV2
traveling on St James Avenue SB attempting a left turn cut
off MV1. MV2 fled scene.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB goes off roadway and
strikes pedestrian traffic signal.
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB in left-turn-only
lane. MV1 rear-ended MV2 while MV2 was waiting to turn.
72
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating Oak Street NB. MV2 & MV3
were stopped for a red light when MV1 rear-ended MV2,
pushing MV2 into MV3.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating State
Street EB. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 ran a red light through
the intersection.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ St. James Avenue - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
D3
Comments
MV1 & MV2 both operating St. James Avenue SB. MV1 was
rear-ended by MV2 when MV1 stopped for pedestrians that
walked out into the road.
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB. MV1 stopped
for red light. When lighted turned green, MV2 in adjacent
lane attempted to change lanes in front of MV1, striking MV1
as MV1 began moving forward.
MV1, turning left from St. James Avenue SB onto State Street
EB with a green light, struck a pedestrian in crosswalk
walking from Oak Street to St. James Avenue.
MV1, turning right from St. James Avenue SB onto State
Street WB, struck a cyclist crossing St. James Avenue in the
crosswalk.
MV1 & MV2 both stopped for a red light in middle lane on
State Street EB. When light turned green, MV1 had to stop
again for pedestrians in the crosswalk, causing MV2 to rearend MV1.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Oak
Street NB. MV1 hit the rear quarter of MV2 as it attempted
to turn left onto State Street EB because it did not allow MV2
time to clear the intersection.
37
2/14/2013
Thursday
11:34 AM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
57
28
38
3/15/2013
Friday
4:06 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Property Damage Only
35
43
39
4/23/2013
Tuesday
2:21 PM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
57
39
40
5/14/2013
Tuesday
1:30 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
82
20
41
6/3/2013
Monday
2:44 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
28
36
42
6/13/2013
Thursday
7:22 PM
Angle
Dusk
Rain
Wet
Failure to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
59
21
43
7/4/2013
Thursday
9:04 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
44
64
MV1 operating State Street WB; MV2 operating State Street
EB. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 attempted a left-turn onto Oak
Street SB without yielding the right-of-way to MV2.
44
7/22/2013
Monday
2:41 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Property Damage Only
29
N/A
MV1 operating State Street WB. MV1 lost control as it
passed the St. James Avenue intersection. MV1 hopped the
curb and knocked down a light pole.
45
7/24/2013
Wednesday
2:16 PM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Non-Fatal Injury
-
25
MV1, operating State Street EB, struck a pedestrian in the
crosswalk heading toward Oak Street. MV1 fled the scene.
34
MV1, operating Oak Street NB, was turning right onto State
Street EB on a green light when a pedestrian walked into the
back of MV1. MV1 pulled over to see if pedestrian was okay.
Pedestrian kept on walking & did not want a police report
filed as he had no injuries and no damage to MV1.
26
MV1 operating State Street EB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue SB. MV2 was crossing intersection onto Oak Street
SB with a green light when it was struck at an angle by MV1.
MV1 drove through a red light and then fled the scene.
46
47
8/18/2013
8/24/2013
Sunday
Saturday
6:53 PM
12:00 AM
Pedestrian
Angle
Daylight
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
No Improper Driving
Unknown
Property Damage Only
Property Damage Only
39
-
48
9/17/2013
Tuesday
4:06 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
55
25
MV2 was stopped at a red light at St. James Avenue headed
State Street WB when MV1 backed into MV2. MV1 fled the
scene, but MV2 was able to follow MV1 & get a photo of the
license plate.
49
10/11/2013
Friday
6:17 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
36
20
MV1 operating Oak Street NB; MV2 operating State Street
EB. MV1 was struck by MV2 as both MVs attempted to cross
the intersection. Unclear as to which MV ran the red light.
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 3 of 5
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ St. James Avenue - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
50
10/15/2013
Tuesday
6:44 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
51
11/6/2013
Wednesday
5:15 PM
Rear End
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
52
11/25/2013
Monday
10:44 AM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
53
1/19/2014
Sunday
6:29 PM
Rear End
Dark - Lighted
54
1/20/2014
Monday
4:15 PM
Pedestrian
55
2/7/2014
Friday
11:34 AM
56
2/15/2014
Saturday
57
2/16/2014
58
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
Property Damage Only
-
46
Other improper action
Non-Fatal Injury
22
37
31
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
24
25
19
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
34
24
24
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
28
8
6
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
18
27
8:06 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Snow
Slush
Made an improper turn
Non-Fatal Injury
48
23
Sunday
2:13 AM
Head On
Dark - Lighted
Blowing
Snow
Slush
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
31
30
4/8/2014
Tuesday
9:08 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
32
28
59
6/29/2014
Sunday
12:18 PM
Single Vehicle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Fatigued / Asleep
Property Damage Only
53
N/A
60
6/30/2014
Monday
7:40 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
29
33
61
7/7/2014
Monday
2:13 PM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent or aggressive manner
Non-Fatal Injury
27
-
62
8/12/2014
Tuesday
10:11 AM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No Improper Driving
Property Damage Only
25
39
63
11/24/2014
Monday
6:42 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Dawn
Rain
Wet
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
67
32
64
11/26/2014
Wednesday
12:12 PM
Angle
Daylight
Snow
Snow
Failure to yield right of way
Property Damage Only
27
47
65
12/15/2014
Monday
9:50 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right of way
Property Damage Only
21
60
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 4 of 5
D3
Comments
MV1 & MV2 both operating Oak Street NB. MV1 was
stopped in travel lane as MV1 operator had fallen asleep.
MV2 was passing MV1 & tried to wake him with her horn
when she realized MV1 operator was asleep. MV1 was
startled and started moving forward, striking MV2. MV1
then fled the scene.
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating State Street WB. MV2 &
MV3 were stopped for a red light when MV2 was rear-ended
by MV1. Impact sent MV2 into rear of MV3. MV1 claims he
became confused & accidentally hit the gas pedal instead of
the brake.
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating State Street EB. MV1 was
turning right onto Oak Street SB when it suddenly had to
stop for a pedestrian in the crosswalk. MV2 rear-ended MV1
followed by MV3 rear-ending MV2.
MV1, MV2, and MV3 traveling on State Street EB. MV1
struck MV2, MV2 was forced into MV3.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB making a left-turn onto
Oak Street. Two pedestrians ran out from crosswalk. MV1
claimed to have never seen them.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV2 stopped in
traffic. MV1 "slid into" MV2.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 in center
lane made a right turn onto Oak Street due to plow. MV2 in
right lane struck by MV1.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB attempting left turn onto
Oak Street. MV2 traveling on State Street EB. Both claim to
have green lights.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB attempting left turn onto
Oak Street. MV2 traveling on State Street EB. Both claim to
have green lights.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. For unknown reasons
MV1 jumped the curb and struck "Keep Right" sign in median
of St. James approach.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB attempting left turn onto
Oak Street. MV2 traveling on State Street EB.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on St. James Avenue SB. M1 stopped
at red light in left lane. MV2 drove up on median and across
State Street to Oak Street. MV2 struck MV1 in passing.
Operators of MV2 fled on foot. MV2 was reported stolen by
actual owner.
MV1 traveling on St. James Avenue SB. MV1 proceeded
slowly making a right turn onto State Street EB. Pedestrian
walked out into crosswalk, fell down "cautiously" and
feigning in and out of contiousness.
MV1 traveling on State Street EB. MV2 traveling on St James
Avenue SB attempting to make left turn onto State Street.
MV2 traveling on State Street WB attempting left turn onto
Oak Street. MV1 traveling on State Street EB.
MV1 traveling on Oak Street NB. MV2 traveling on St. James
Avenue SB. MV2 attempting to turn left onto State Street
and struck MV1.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ St. James Avenue - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
66
12/20/2014
Saturday
7:21 PM
Rear End
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
Ages
D2
44
35
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 struck by
MV2.
MV1 was travelling EB on State Street at a high rate of speed
when it attempted a left turn onto St. James Ave. MV1
turned onto wrong side of traffic island and jumped curbing.
Operator lost control and continued down Sidewalk until it
struck an iron fence and electrical transformer box.
67
8/1/2011
Monday
4:11 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Driving too fast for conditions
Fatal Injury
62
N/A
68
1/26/2013
Saturday
6:46 PM
Rear End
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Unknown
26
30
69
3/28/2012
Wednesday
12:34 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
30
64
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 5 of 5
D3
Comments
D1
-
MV1 travelling NB on Oak St was stopped at red light at State
St. intersection when MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV2 fled scene
after colision.
MV1 travelling SB on St. James Ave stopped for light at State
St. MV2 travelling behind MV1 also stopped at light. MV3
struck the rear of MV2 pushing it forward into MV1. MV3
then fled the scene.
Crash Data Summary Table
St. James Avenue @ Magazine Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Ages
Crash Severity
D1
D2
1
1/18/2011
Tuesday
1:18 PM
Angle
Daylight
Sleet, Hail,
Freezing
Rain
2
1/19/2011
Wednesday
1:34 PM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
22
22
3
2/5/2011
Saturday
11:00 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Ice
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
27
31
4
7/20/2011
Wednesday
11:46 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
47
23
5
8/25/2011
Thursday
7:43 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
68
23
6
9/27/2011
Tuesday
1:24 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Snow
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
46
33
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
36
22
7
10/31/2011
Monday
5:26 PM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
37
20
8
11/18/2011
Friday
9:23 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
26
39
9
12/13/2011
Tuesday
4:54 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
51
24
10
11
1/18/2012
2/29/2012
Wednesday
Wednesday
8:39 PM
2:48 PM
Single Vehicle
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Daylight
Clear
Snow
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Dry
Wet
Driving too fast for conditions
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Sheet 1 of 3
Property Damage Only
Property Damage Only
18
22
Comments
D3
MV1 operating St. James Avenue NB; MV2 operating St.
James Avenue SB. MV1 was struck by MV2 as it attempted to
turn left onto Magazine Street WB without yielding the rightof-way to MV2.
MV1 operating Magazine Street EB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue SB. MV1 was struck by MV2 as it attempted to turn
left on St. James Avenue NB despite a posted right-turn-only
sign.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue NB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV2 was struck by MV1 as it attempted to turn
left onto St. James Avenue SB. MV2 had been waiting in the
median when MV1 attempted to turn left onto Magazine
Street WB.
MV1 & MV2 both operating St. James Avenue NB
approaching Bay Street. MV1 struck MV2 as it attempted to
turn right into the gas station. MV1 states it was in the right
lane with blinker on when MV2 tried to squeeze past on its
right. MV2 states it was in the right lane when MV1 tried to
cut across into the gas station from the left-turn-only lane.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted to cross
intersection onto Magazine Street WB. MV2 failed to stop for
the stop sign on Bay Street.
MV1 & MV2 both operating St. James Avenue SB just passed
Magazine Street. MV1 & MV2 both claimed to have been
stopped in traffic. MV1 says it was rear-ended by MV2. MV2
says MV1 rolled backward into MV2.
MV1 operating Bay Street WB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue SB. MV2 was struck by MV1 as MV1 attempted to
cross through intersection onto Magazine Street WB without
yielding the right-of-way to MV2.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Magazine Street EB. MV1 & MV2
were both stopped for traffic waiting to turn right onto St.
James Avenue SB. MV2 was creeping forward when it was
rear-ended by MV1.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue NB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV2 was struck by MV1 as it pulled out onto St.
James Avenue SB after stopping at the stop sign. MV2 did not
see MV1.
N/A
MV1 operating St. James Avenue NB. MV1 fishtailed as it
attempted a left-turn onto Magazine Street WB. MV1 overcorrected and crashed into a light pole on Magazine Street.
MV1 was cited for driving too fast for conditions.
32
MV1 operating Bay Street WB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue SB. MV1 was struck by MV2 as MV1 attempted to
cross through intersection onto Magazine Street WB without
yielding the right-of-way to MV2.
Crash Data Summary Table
St. James Avenue @ Magazine Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Ages
Crash Severity
D1
D2
12
4/4/2012
Wednesday
5:04 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
30
40
13
7/14/2012
Saturday
12:01 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
47
86
14
9/19/2012
Wednesday
7:58 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
57
29
15
9/27/2012
Thursday
8:02 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Exceeded authorized speed limit / Failure
to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
19
74
16
10/11/2012
Thursday
9:51 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
55
28
17
10/12/2012
Friday
11:33 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
54
74
18
11/14/2012
Wednesday
5:04 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Property Damage Only
30
21
19
12/19/2012
Wednesday
8:44 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
31
33
20
1/25/2013
Friday
9:10 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
35
56
21
1/30/2013
Wednesday
8:40 AM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
28
31
22
2/4/2013
Monday
9:58 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
18
27
23
4/1/2013
Monday
11:53 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Made an improper turn
Property Damage Only
20
55
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 3
Comments
D3
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted to turn left
onto St. James Avenue SB without yielding the right-of-way to
MV1.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV2 struck MV1 as it attempted to cross the
intersection onto Magazine Street WB without yielding the
right-of-way to MV2.
36
MV1 & MV2 both operating St. James Avenue SB approaching
Magazine Street. MV2 was attempting to turn right from left
lane onto Magazine Street WB when MV1 & MV2 collided.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue NB. MV3 operating Magazine Street EB. MV2 was
attempting a left-turn onto Magazine Street WB when it was
struck at a high rate of speed by MV1. A MV had stopped to
allow MV2 to turn; however MV2 failed to yield the right-ofway to MV1. Impact sent MV2 crashing into a sign which fell
onto MV3.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue NB; MV2 operating
Magazine Street EB. MV2 struck MV1 as it attempted to cross
the intersection onto Bay Street EB. MV2 disregarded a rightturn-only sign.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV1 was struck by MV2 after clearing the
intersection as MV2 attempted to turn left onto St. James
Avenue SB. MV2 did not give MV1 enough time to clear the
intersection before turning.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV1 was struck by MV2 as MV2 failed to stop at
a posted stop sign when turning onto St. James Avenue.
76
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue NB. MV1 was struck by MV2 as it attempted to turn
left onto Bay Street EB without yielding the right-of-way to
MV2.
MV1 & MV2 both operating St. James Avenue NB
approaching Bay Street. MV1, in left lane, attempted to turn
right into the gas station when it sideswiped MV2 in the right
lane. MV1 did not realized MV2 was there.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue NB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted to turn left
onto Magazine Street WB without yielding the right-of-way to
MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Magazine Street EB. MV2 struck
MV1 as MV1 pulled out of an on-street parking space without
looking.
MV1 operating Magazine Street EB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue SB; MV3 operating Bay Street WB. MV1 was struck
by MV2 as MV1 attempted an illegal turn across the
intersection to Bay Street EB. MV1 continued forward and
struck MV3 as MV3 attempted a left-turn from Bay Street
onto St. James Avenue.
Crash Data Summary Table
St. James Avenue @ Magazine Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Ages
Crash Severity
D1
D2
24
9/4/2013
Wednesday
12:37 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
39
23
25
9/11/2013
Wednesday
3:31 PM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Property Damage Only
26
25
26
11/25/2013
Monday
9:25 AM
Single Vehicle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
-
N/A
27
4/13/2014
Sunday
12:43 PM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
51
47
28
4/17/2014
Thursday
7:55 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
20
47
29
5/2/2014
Friday
2:43 PM
Single Vehicle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
78
N/A
30
6/6/2014
Friday
2:57 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
-
22
31
8/6/2014
Wednesday
3:26 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
85
19
32
8/6/2014
Wednesday
4:13 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
59
73
33
8/18/2014
Monday
9:59 AM
Head-On
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
24
56
34
9/2/2014
Tuesday
2:48 PM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
24
42
35
9/5/2014
Friday
5:05 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
42
56
36
37
11/24/2014
12/5/2014
Monday
Friday
9:28 PM
8:47 AM
Cyclist
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Daylight
Cloudy
Clear
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Wet
Dry
No improper driving
Failure to yield right-of-way
Sheet 3 of 3
Non-Fatal Injury
Non-Fatal Injury
24
42
Comments
D3
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted to turn left
onto St. James Avenue SB without yielding the right-of-way to
MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Magazine Street EB. MV2 was
stopped at the stop sign waiting to turn right onto St. James
Avenue SB when MV1 sideswiped MV2 as it tried to pass MV2
in a single lane where passing is not permitted. MV1 then
attempted to flee.
MV1 struck a large pole on Bay Street EB near St. James
Avenue intersection then fled the scene. Portion of bumper
with license plate still attached to pole after MV1 fled.
MV1 operating Bay Street WB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue SB. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 attempted to cross
intersection onto Magazine Street WB without yielding the
right-of-way to MV2.
MV1 operating Bay Street WB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue SB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV1 attempted to cross
intersection to Magazine Street without yielding the right-ofway to MV2.
MV1 operating Magazine Street EB. MV1 struck the curb and
a sign in the central island on St. James Avenue as it
attempted an illegal turn across the intersection to Bay Street
EB.
MV1 & MV2 both operating St. James Avenue NB
approaching Bay Street. MV2 was rear-ended by MV1 as
MV2 waited for the right-of-way to turn left onto Magazine
Street WB. MV1 fled the scene.
MV1 operating Bay Street WB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue NB. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 failed to stop at the
posted stop sign.
MV1 operating Bay Street WB; MV2 operating St. James
Avenue NB. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 failed to stop at the
posted stop sign.
MV1 traveling on St. James Avenue NB. MV2 traveling on Bay
Street WB failed to yield right-of-way to MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating St. James Avenue SB at Magazine
Street. MV2, behind MV1, attempted to pass MV1,
sideswiping MV1 in the process.
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating
Magazine Street EB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted an
illegal turn across the intersection to Bay Street EB.
18
MV1 had just taken a right turn from St. James Avenue NB
onto Bay Street EB when it struck a cyclist crossing Bay Street
EB toward the gas station in an unmarked area. Cyclist says
he thought MV1 was going to stop for him.
24
MV1 operating St. James Avenue SB; MV2 operating Bay
Street WB. MV1 was struck by MV2 as MV2 failed to yield the
right-of-way to MV1 as it attempted to cross the intersection
onto Magazine Street.
Crash Data Summary Charts
State Street @ St. James Avenue ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
State Street @ St. James Avenue / Oak Street
69
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
7
8
4
5
1
5
6
7
8
7
6
5
%
10%
12%
6%
7%
1%
7%
9%
10%
12%
10%
9%
7%
14%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
10
12
8
8
14
7
10
%
14%
17%
12%
12%
20%
10%
14%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
8
8
14
9
12
18
%
12%
12%
20%
13%
17%
26%
30%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
9
21
22
4
2
11
0
%
13%
30%
32%
6%
3%
16%
0%
40%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
47
14
5
2
1
0
%
68%
20%
7%
3%
1%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow / Slush
Unknown / NR
#
52
13
3
1
%
75%
19%
4%
1%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
21
44
1
3
%
30%
64%
1%
4%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Over‐correcting / Over‐steering
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Fatigued / Asleep / Emotional
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road / Made an Improper Turn / Wrong Way
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
3
1
8
10
3
3
1
2
2
%
4%
1%
12%
14%
4%
4%
1%
3%
3%
2
0
17
17
3%
0%
25%
25%
T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
30%
20%
10%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head‐on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow / Slush
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
Crash Data Summary Charts
St. James Avenue @ Magazine Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
St. James Avenue @ Bay Street / Magazine Street
37
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
5
3
0
4
1
1
2
4
7
3
4
3
%
14%
8%
0%
11%
3%
3%
5%
11%
19%
8%
11%
8%
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
1
6
4
13
4
7
2
%
3%
16%
11%
35%
11%
19%
5%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
6
9
10
8
2
2
%
16%
24%
27%
22%
5%
5%
30%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
3
2
27
3
1
1
0
%
8%
5%
73%
8%
3%
3%
0%
80%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Sleet / Hail / Freezing Rain
Unknown / NR
#
24
8
3
1
1
0
%
65%
22%
8%
3%
3%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow / Ice
Unknown / NR
#
29
6
2
0
%
78%
16%
5%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
20
17
0
0
%
54%
46%
0%
0%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Cellular Phone Use
Made an Improper Turn
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
0
0
10
6
5
2
0
1
0
4
9
%
0%
0%
27%
16%
14%
5%
0%
3%
0%
11%
24%
T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
60%
40%
20%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head‐on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Sleet / Hail / Unknown /
Freezing Rain
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow / Ice
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD
DISTRICT :
2
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
NO
Aug-13
SIGNALIZED :
YES
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MAJOR STREET :
STATE STREET
MINOR STREET(S) :
ST. JAMES AVENUE
North
DIAGRAM
(Label Approaches)
State Street
State Street
Oak St
INTERSECTION
St James
OAK STREET
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
EB
WB
NB
SB
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
864
869
356
553
" K " FACTOR :
0.082
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
69
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
5
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
# OF
YEARS :
1.47
4
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
RATE =
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Comments : K DETERMINED FROM ATR ON STATE BETWEEN E COLUMBUS & MAIN
Project Title & Date:
MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
2,642
32,220
17.25
No
rth
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
Not to Scale
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
Road Safety Audit
State Street Corridor at Orleans Street and CVS Pharmacy Driveway
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
24
33
22 28
20
3 4 16
29
P
7 8 21
26
P
1
32
35
W Y
18
23 31
2 6
9/21/2015 1:15 PM
T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\4_STATE STREET [EAST] CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_STATE_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG
25
5 10 17 34
14
12
9 30
11
15
27
13 19
C
NOTE: CRASHES ARE NUMBERED
PER INDIVIDUAL INTERSECTION.
CRASHES BETWEEN INTERSECTIONS
ARE LABELED BY LETTER.
LEGEND
P
SHOW FOR COLLISION
VEHICLE PATH
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
ANGLED COLLISION
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
C CYCLIST COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
PARKED VEHICLE
PERSONAL INJURY
FATALITY
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
A
REAR-END COLLISION
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions]
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
TOTAL
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
5
2
0
6
1
2
0
16
NON-FATAL INJURY
7
0
1
9
0
1
0
18
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
3
TOTAL
12
2
1
16
2
4
0
37
Figure A-3
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ Orleans Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
1
1/4/2011
Tuesday
4:07 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
2
2/26/2011
Saturday
9:58 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Disregarded traffic sign
3
3/5/2011
Saturday
1:52 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Ages
D1
D2
D3
Property Damage Only
16
22
23
Property Damage Only
75
25
Non-Fatal Injury
47
Comments
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all traveling State Street WB near 600
State Street. MV1 rear-ended MV2, forcing MV2 into the rear
of MV3. Minor damage to each vehicle.
MV1, operating Orleans Street NB, was struck by MV2,
operating State Street EB, when it tried to cross State Street
into the CVS parking lot.
55
MV1, operating State Street EB, was struck by MV2 traveling
SB toward Orleans Street. MV2 had exited the CVS parking
lot before stopping in the middle of the roadway. After
stopping, it continued forward where it struck MV1.
4
5/2/2011
Monday
11:08 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No Improper Driving
Property Damage Only
61
43
MV1 was stopped at the CVS parking lot exiting waiting to
cross State Street onto Orleans Street SB. The police officer
directing traffic (nearby roadwork on State Street) waved her
forward. MV1 continued across the street and struck MV2
traveling State Street EB. Police officer claims he intended for
MV1 to stop in the median before proceeding across the
State Street EB lanes; MV1 operator thought he meant for
her to cross both the WB and EB lanes.
5
5/20/2011
Friday
2:39 PM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
50
20
MV #2 travelling State Street WB approaching CVS/Orleans
intersection. MV #1 travelling EB on State St. attempted to
turn left into CVS parking lot at which point MV #2 hit MV #1.
6
9/21/2011
Wednesday
1:34 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
27
52
7
11/1/2011
Tuesday
1:55 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
27
49
8
11/2/2011
Wednesday
2:14 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
74
29
9
12/1/2011
Thursday
11:35 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
25
26
10
12/18/2011
Sunday
1:37 AM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
18
36
11
2/11/2012
Saturday
8:34 AM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Failed to yield right of way
Property Damage Only
78
53
12
2/19/2012
Sunday
3:27 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Made an Improper Turn
Non-Fatal Injury
34
50
13
3/15/2012
Thursday
9:22 AM
Cyclist
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No Improper Driving
Non-Fatal Injury
64
21
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 3
48
MV1 was attempting to cross State Street from the CVS
parking lot to Orleans Street when it was struck by MV2
traveling State Street EB. MV1 was forced up over the curb
and into a fire hydrant.
MV #1 (Box-truck/Van) and MV #2 travelling EB on State St.
near #599. MV #1 stopped to allow another vehicle onto
State St. from CVS. When MV #1 stopped, they were rear
ended by MV #2.
MV's #1 and #2 travelling EB on State St. (Near #599) when
another MV travelling WB on State St. makes a left turn onto
Orleans St. MV #1 stops to allow this MV to turn, and MV #2
rear ends MV #1.
MV2, operating State Street WB, stopped to allow MV3 to
cross from the CVS parking lot to Orleans Street. MV1, also
operating State Street WB, failed to stop, rear-ending MV2.
MV1 operator was uninsured & on his cell phone. MV1 was
unregistered.
MV #1 travelling State Street WB approaching CVS/Orleans
intersection. MV #2 travelling EB on State St. attempted to
turn left into CVS parking lot at which point MV #2 hit MV #1.
MV1 traveling on Orleans Street NB attempting right turn
onto State Street. MV2 traveling on State Street EB.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 in left lane.
MV2 exited Autozone driveway and attempted left turn and
struck MV1.
MV1 traveling on Orleans Street NB stopped at intersection
inched into crosswalk. Cyclist riding in the sidewalk heading
WB entered crosswalk and struck MV1.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ Orleans Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
14
3/30/2012
Friday
5:38 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
20
42
15
4/2/2012
Monday
2:21 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Exceeded authorized speed limit / Driving
too fast for conditions
Non-Fatal Injury
22
N/A
16
5/24/2012
Thursday
2:36 PM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Property Damage Only
41
36
17
6/13/2012
Wednesday
7:54 AM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
53
23
D3
33
Comments
MV1, MV2, and MV3 traveling on State Street EB. MV3
stopped to make left turn into CVS parking lot. MV1 struck
MV2 forcing MV2 to strike MV3.
MV1 traveling on State Street EB at a high rate of speed
struck right side curb. This caused MV1 to leave the roadway
struck granite structure in front of 599 State Street and flip
over.
MV1 traveling on State Street EB. MV2 exiting CVS parking
lot attempting to cross to Orleans Street.
MV1 traveling on State Street EB attempting left turn into
600 State Street. MV2 traveling on State Street WB in right
lane struck by MV1. MV1 stated that they were "waived" on
by car in left lane on WB side.
18
11/20/2012
Tuesday
10:29 PM
Pedestrian
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
84
65
MV1 traveling on State Street WB when struck a pedestrian
crossing State Street without a crosswalk at 600 State Street.
Pedestrian reported with a strong odor of alcohol.
19
12/12/2012
Wednesday
10:11 AM
Cyclist
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
28
59
MV1 traveling on Orleans Street NB stopped at intersection.
Cyclist riding in the sidewalk heading WB entered crosswalk
and struck by MV1. MV1 fled the scene.
20
2/15/2013
Friday
5:34 PM
Angle
Dusk
Clear
Wet
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
35
57
21
3/6/2013
Wednesday
3:09 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
40
48
22
6/20/2013
Thursday
9:52 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
30
21
23
11/16/2013
Saturday
12:24 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
27
42
24
1/5/2014
Sunday
8:40 PM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Snow
Wet
Swerving or avoiding due to vehicle
approaching
Property Damage Only
27
N/A
25
1/21/2014
Tuesday
6:58 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
50
60
26
5/16/2014
Friday
12:04 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
39
57
27
8/19/2014
Tuesday
12:22 PM
Sideswipe Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
-
-
28
8/30/2014
Saturday
6:39 PM
Head on
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
37
26
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 3
MV1 exiting CVS Driveway attempting to turn left onto State
Street EB; MV2 operating State Street EB. MV2 struck MV1
as MV1 attempted to turn left without yielding the right-ofway to MV2.
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB in stop-and-go
traffic near Orleans Street. MV2 was slowing to a stop when
it was rear-ended by MV1.
MV1 operating State Street WB; MV2 exiting CVS parking lot
attempting to cross State Street onto Orleans Street. MV2
struck MV1 as it attempted to cross all four travel lanes
without yielding the right-of-way to MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street WB. MV2 stopped
in traffic to make a left turn onto Orleans Street SB when it
was rear-ended by MV1.
MV1 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 lost control and hit
light pole near 600 State Street. Operator of MV1 claimed to
be hit by another vehicle. No evidence of this found;
however, snowy surface and excessive speed may have
contributed.
MV1 traveling on Orleans Street NB making a left turn onto
State Street. MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 failed to
yield right of way to MV2.
MV1 traveling on Orleans Street NB making a left turn onto
State Street. MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 failed to
yield right of way to MV2.
MV1 traveling on Orleans Street NB. MV2 parked along NB
side of Orleans Street near 599 State Street. MV1 struck MV2
then fled the scene.
MV1 exiting CVS Driveway attempting to cross to Orleans St.
MV2 traveling on State Street WB.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street @ Orleans Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
29
10/2/2014
Thursday
10:52 PM
Pedestrian
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Exceeded authorized speed limit / Driving
too fast for conditions
Non-Fatal Injury
Ages
D1
D2
-
44
30
10/16/2014
Thursday
11:47 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Property Damage Only
69
-
31
11/21/2014
Friday
4:21 PM
Rear-End
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
38
43
32
12/19/2014
Friday
6:31 AM
Sideswipe Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
44
28
33
7/2/2013
Tuesday
4:36 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
59
34
D3
Comments
Pedestrian crossing State Street towards Orleans Street with
no crosswalk present. MV1 traveling on State Street EB at
high rate of speed struck pedestrian then fled.
50
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV1 stopped in
traffic when struck by MV2. MV2 had bald tires and could not
stop in time.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV2 rear ended
by MV1.
MV1 (trash truck) and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1
in right lane attempted to make a left-turn into 600 State
Street due to its size. MV2 came to the left of MV1 and
collided.
MV1 & MV3 (motorcycle) operating State Street WB; MV2
exiting CVS parking lot (600 State Street) across the State
Street WB lanes. MV2 collided into MV1 as it was exiting;
MV3 could not avoid the collision & struck MV2.
34
6/25/2013
Tuesday
9:21 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Made an Improper turn
Non-Fatal Injury
28
24
MV1 operating State Street EB; MV2 operating State Street
WB in left lane. MV1 struck MV2 as it attempted to turn left
into the CVS parking lot. MV1 claims all of the cars had
stopped to let him turn when MV2 veered from left lane into
right lane into MV1. MV1 claims MV2 was texting.
35
1/18/2011
Tuesday
3:29 PM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Snow
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
21
23
MV1 was travelling WB on State St when MV2 exited parking
lot at 606 State St. making contact with MV1.
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 3 of 3
Crash Data Summary Charts
State Street @ Orleans Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
State Street @ Orleans Street
35
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
4
4
4
1
4
3
1
2
1
2
5
4
%
11%
11%
11%
3%
11%
9%
3%
6%
3%
6%
14%
11%
16%
14%
12%
10%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
3
2
8
5
6
6
5
%
9%
6%
23%
14%
17%
17%
14%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Time of Day
6AM - 9AM
9AM - 12PM
12PM-3PM
3PM - 6PM
6PM - 9PM
9PM - 6AM
#
4
7
10
8
2
4
%
11%
20%
29%
23%
6%
11%
30%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear-end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head-on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
2
10
16
2
1
4
0
%
6%
29%
46%
6%
3%
11%
0%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
22
5
7
1
0
0
%
63%
14%
20%
3%
0%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
#
25
9
0
1
%
71%
26%
0%
3%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non-Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
13
22
0
0
%
37%
63%
0%
0%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Disregarded Traffic Sign
Failure to Yield Right-Of-Way
Innattention / Distracted
Excessive Speed
Made an Improper Turn
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road /
Swerving / Avoiding
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
0
1
11
7
2
1
0
%
0%
3%
31%
20%
6%
3%
0%
3
0
4
6
9%
0%
11%
17%
T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
20%
10%
0%
6AM - 9AM 9AM - 12PM 12PM-3PM 3PM - 6PM 6PM - 9PM 9PM - 6AM
Single
Vehicle
Rear-end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head-on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non-Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street (Between Walnut Street and Orleans Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
A
Crash Date
1/11/2011
Day of Week
Tuesday
Time of
Day
2:12 PM
Manner of
Collision
Rear-End
Light Condition
Daylight
Weather
Condition
Cloudy
Road
Surface
Wet
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
No improper driving
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Ages
D1
22
D2
D3
Comments
22
MV1 & MV2 both traveling in left lane on State Street EB near
521 State Street. A bus in the right lane stopped, and the car
behind the bus made an abrupt lane change to the left lane to
get around the bus. This car cut off MV1, forcing MV1 to slam
on the brakes. MV2 couldn't stop & rear-ended MV1.
B
2/4/2011
Friday
2:26 AM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Blowing
Snow
Slush
Other improper action
Property Damage Only
26
19
MV1 operating State Street EB when it struck MV2. MV2 was
exiting Burger King parking lot (489 State Street) & had to
pull way out into State Street to see around the high snow
bank. MV1 could not stop in time due to the slush.
C
2/11/2011
Friday
2:26 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
40
32
MV1, operating State Street WB, was stopped in traffic near
427 State Street when it was rear-ended by MV2.
-
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB. MV1 slowed
down to pull into an on-street parking spot in front of 465
State Street when it was struck from behind by MV2. MV2
had been honking at MV1 to speed up & appeared to be in a
rush. MV2 did not stop until it became stuck at a red traffic
signal at the Walnut Street intersection where MV1 operator
was able to capture MV2's license plate number.
MV1 was turning left out of Burger King parking lot (489 State
Street) onto Walnut Street SB when it made contact with
MV2. MV2 was traveling Walnut Street NB, entering the leftturn bay for the Walnut Street/State Street intersection. MV1
couldn't see MV2 entering the left-turn bay when exiting the
parking lot due to the long line of cars stopped in traffic in the
through lane along Walnut Street.
D
3/17/2011
Thursday
4:34 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
35
E
4/5/2011
Tuesday
7:51 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Visibility Obstructed
Property Damage Only
27
20
F
4/8/2011
Friday
9:10 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
22
28
G
5/7/2011
Saturday
5:14 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
29
22
H
5/9/2011
Monday
12:48 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
20
25
I
6/28/2011
Tuesday
12:57 PM
Sideswipe - same
direction
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
19
61
MV #1 travelling State St. EB pulled to side of road in front of
427 State St. due to mechanical problems and was struck by
MV #2, operating State Street EB, while parked.
47
MV #1 was travelling State Street EB, slowing and pulling over
to the right in front of 447 State St. and about to park at
roadside. MV #2 travelling EB on State St. and swerved into
MV #1 to avoid another MV that was quickly approaching
from the rear (EB). Debris and post-skid marks were evident.
J
8/1/2011
Monday
8:41 PM
Sideswipe - same
Dark - Lighted
direction
Clear
Dry
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Swerving or avoiding due to vehicle
approaching
Sheet 1 of 3
Property Damage Only
26
MV1, operating State Street EB, sideswiped the mirror of
MV2, which was parked outside of 445 State Street.
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB. MV2 rear-ended
MV1 when MV1 slowed down for an unknown vehicle
crossing the median at 521 State Street. MV2 operator says
he didn't have enough time to slow down on the wet
pavement.
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB. MV2 rear-ended
MV1 when MV1 stopped due to traffic near 560 State Street.
MV1 operator says MV2 tailgated him all the way down State
Street. MV2 operator says MV1 stopped suddenly on purpose
to cause the accident.
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street (Between Walnut Street and Orleans Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
K
9/11/2011
Sunday
11:58 AM
Sideswipe - same
direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
L
10/14/2011
Friday
5:08 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
M
3/19/2012
Monday
11:40 PM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
N
7/2/2012
Monday
1:47 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
O
10/4/2012
Thursday
3:08 PM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
P
4/21/2014
Monday
5:11 PM
Q
5/20/2014
Tuesday
5:19 PM
R
5/12/2013
Sunday
1:31 AM
S
11/7/2013
Thursday
12:49 PM
Single Vehicle
T
12/20/2013
Friday
8:05 PM
Head-On
Ages
D1
D2
Property Damage Only
73
21
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
-
N/A
Dry
Swerving or avoiding due to vehicle
approaching
Property Damage Only
25
N/A
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
20
29
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Failure to keep in proper lane
Property Damage Only
40
20
Sideswipe Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
54
54
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention / Distracted
Property Damage Only
30
25
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent, or aggressive manner
Property Damage Only
53
N/A
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Other improper action
Property Damage Only
44
N/A
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Wet
Visibility Obstructed
Property Damage Only
68
23
Sideswipe - Same
Dark - Lighted
Direction
D3
Comments
Both MV's travelling WB near 555 State St. when collision
occurred.
As both MV's were parked near 455 State St., MV #1 backed
up and struck MV #2. Oper #1 stated to Oper #2 that he had a
suspended license and did not want police involved. Oper #1
fled EB on State St.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB. MV2 changed
lanes after passing St. James Ave intersection in close
proximity to MV1. MV1 braked and swerved to avoid collision
and hit curbing near 535 State Street.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB by # 576. MV2
stopped in traffic when rear ended by MV1.
MV1 traveling in left lane on State Street EB. MV2 exiting 555
State Street driveway attempting to access left turn lane.
MV2 claims was "waived out" by vehicle in EB right lane.
19
MV1 traveling on State Street EB. MV2 traveling on State
Street WB made a mid-block U-turn and struck MV1. Near
531 State Street
MV1, MV2, MV3 traveling on State Street WB in left-most
lane. MV1 struck MV2 which then forced MV2 into MV3. Near
445 State Street.
MV1 operating State Street EB fleeing from police when it
sideswiped MV2 parked in front of 451 State Street. MV1
was arrested.
MV1 operating State Street EB near 501 State Street. MV1
swerved to avoid a MV that had swerved into its lane and
struck a light pole.
MV1 exiting the parking lot at 521 State Street. MV2
operating State Street EB. MV1 proceeded to exit the parking
lot onto State Street after three cars stopped to let it out.
MV2 did not see MV1 exiting & struck it.
U
1/21/2011
Friday
5:55 PM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Ice
Over-correcting/over-steering
Non-Fatal Injury
19
N/A
MV1, operating State Street WB near 489 State Street, hit a
patch of ice and lost control spinning counter-clockwise into
the large snow bank in the median. MV1 flipped over and
landed on its roof in the State Street EB lanes.
V
1/28/2011
Friday
5:35 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Slush
Failure to yield right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
52
21
MV1 made contact with MV2 near 531 State Street as MV1
attempted a U-turn from State Street WB to State Street EB.
MV2 was operating State Street EB.
W
4/26/2011
Tuesday
2:36 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
55
-
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street EB. MV1 was slowing
in traffic when it was rear-ended by MV2 outside of 606 State
Street. Both operators agreed to move the cars into the
nearby AutoZone parking lot to exchange info, but when they
got back into their cars, MV2 fled the scene.
X
10/6/2011
Thursday
1:16 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-fatal Injury
22
40
Both MV's travelling WB by 583 State St. MV #1 stopped in
traffic and MV #2 (truck) struck MV #1 from behind.
Y
5/3/2012
Thursday
12:42 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
36
22
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street WB outside 606 State
Street. MV1 stopped in traffic when rear ended by MV2.
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 3
Crash Data Summary Table
State Street (Between Walnut Street and Orleans Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Z
10/2/2014
Thursday
4:33 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Distracted
Non-Fatal Injury
Ages
D3
Comments
D1
D2
29
30
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 stopped in
traffic was struck by MV2 near 467 State Street. MV2 fled the
scene.
AA
12/31/2014
Wednesday
1:49 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Driving too fast for conditions
Non-Fatal Injury
54
46
MV1 and MV2 traveling on State Street EB. MV1 in left lane.
MV2 stopped behind PVTA bus attempted to switch lanes in
front of MV1 near 489 State Street.
BB
4/6/2013
Saturday
2:58 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
44
25
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street WB. MV1 was rearended by MV2 while it was stopped in traffic near 535 State
Street.
CC
6/19/2013
Wednesday
2:24 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
32
25
MV1 & MV2 both operating State Street WB near 435 State
Street. MV2 was slowing to a stop to make a left turn at a
break in the median when it was rear-ended by MV1.
DD
9/4/2013
Wednesday
7:56 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
28
52
EE
3/8/2012
Thursday
11:00 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
38
N/A
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\4_State Street [East] Corridor RSA\T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 3 of 3
23
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating State Street WB near 521
State Street. MV1 & MV2 slowed to a stop when MV3 rearended MV2. Impact pushed MV2 into rear of MV1.
MV2(parked unoccupied) was struck on the side of the road
by MV1 near 461 State Street. MV1 fled scene. Information
was reported by witnesses.
Crash Data Summary Charts
State Street (Between Walnut Street and Orleans Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
State Street [East] Corridor
31
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
3
2
3
5
5
2
1
1
2
4
1
2
%
10%
6%
10%
16%
16%
6%
3%
3%
6%
13%
3%
6%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
2
5
5
3
7
7
2
%
6%
16%
16%
10%
23%
23%
6%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Time of Day
6AM - 9AM
9AM - 12PM
12PM-3PM
3PM - 6PM
6PM - 9PM
9PM - 6AM
#
2
3
12
9
2
3
%
6%
10%
39%
29%
6%
10%
60%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear-end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head-on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
3
16
3
8
1
0
0
%
10%
52%
10%
26%
3%
0%
0%
60%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Blowing Snow
Unknown / NR
#
20
8
2
0
1
0
%
65%
26%
6%
0%
3%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow / Slush
Unknown / NR
#
21
7
2
1
%
68%
23%
6%
3%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non-Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
21
10
0
0
%
68%
32%
0%
0%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right-Of-Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Swerving / Avoiding / Over-correcting / Over-steering
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road / Made an
Improper Turn
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
3
2
2
8
0
1
3
1
0
%
10%
6%
6%
26%
0%
3%
10%
3%
0%
1
3%
0
4
6
0%
13%
19%
T0454_State Street East Crash Data Summary Table
40%
20%
0%
6AM - 9AM 9AM - 12PM 12PM-3PM 3PM - 6PM 6PM - 9PM 9PM - 6AM
40%
20%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Rear-end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head-on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Blowing
Snow
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow / Slush
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non-Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix D: Volume Data
Not to Scale
MGM Springfield Off-Site Transportation Improvements - Springfield, Massachusetts
Functional Design Report
th
or
T:\T0454\CAD\Highway\Graphics\Functional Design Report\T0454_FDR_Traffic Networks_2015 Base Year.dwg 10/9/2015 1:57:05 PM
N
th
or
N
Figure 2B
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
2015 Base Year Conditions
Weekday Morning, Evening, and
Saturday Midday
Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix E: Road Safety Audit References
Road Safety Audit – State Street East Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Road Safety Audit References
Massachusetts
Traffic
Safety
www.mhd.state.ma.us/safetytoolbox.
Toolbox,
Massachusetts
Highway
Department,
Road Safety Audits, A Synthesis of Highway Practice. NCHRP Synthesis 336. Transportation Research
Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2004.
Road Safety Audits. Institute of Transportation Engineers and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration, www.roadwaysafetyaudits.org.
FHWA Road Safety Audit Guidelines.
Administration, 2006.
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Road Safety Audit, 2nd edition. Austroads, 2000.
Road Safety Audits. ITE Technical Council Committee 4S-7. Institute of Transportation Engineers,
February 1995.