Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works
State Freight and Rail Plan
Plan Framework, Existing
g Conditions,
Issues and Opportunities
October 2, 2008
Integrated Public Outreach – Activities
• Key stakeholder outreach and feedback
– MPOs and RPAs, Massport, EOHED, and
Port Advisory Council
• Shipper
pp and carrier/modal interviews
– Railroads, MA ports, truckers, businesses,
intermodal transport
• Regional public meetings in
October/November
– 4 regions: Western, Central, Northeast, Southeast
Freight &
Rail Plan
Plan Goals and Objectives
• Capacity and Operations
–
–
–
–
Adequate
q
freight
g and rail capacity
p
y across all modes
Infrastructure redundancy and competitive corridors
Reduce delays and bottlenecks
Effective shared use of rail
• Economic Development
–
–
–
–
Competitive, low-cost shipping to MA industries
Integration with land use & economic development
Enco rage in
Encourage
investments
estments with
ith economic benefits
Seek freight-oriented development
Freight &
Rail Plan
Plan Goals and Objectives
• Environment and Quality of Life
– Linkage
g to sustainable development
p
– Transportation with less environmental impact
• Safety and Security
– Reduce number of accidents
– Meet federal & state regulations
– Aid emergency response
• Policy and Decision-Making
– Procedures and criteria to prioritize investments
– Refine/improve policy and regulatory environment
– Adequate funding and leverage all revenue sources
Freight &
Rail Plan
Evaluation Criteria & Performance
Measures
• Travel time, delay, reliability
• Infrastructure capacity (e.g. double-stacked
clearance, depth at ports)
• Shipping and logistics costs
• Air emissions, noise, safety
• Infrastructure conditions, pavement damage
y to markets and g
gateways
y
• Accessibility
• Trade volumes, throughput at key facilities
• Economic development impacts
Freight &
Rail Plan
National and Global Freight Trends
• Globalization and Export Markets
– IInternational
t
ti
l trade
t d as a % off US GDP
10% in the 1960s to 28% in 2006
– International trade growth exceeds overall economy
• Rising Fuel Prices
– Fuel prices increased 89% over past 20 years
– Fuel costs impact freight volumes and modal split
• Environmental
– Shifts in energy could change demand for coal
– Initiatives to reduce fuel consumption & emissions
Freight &
Rail Plan
Population Growth in Massachusetts & US
1990 2007
1990-2007
1 20
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
Populattion Growth IIndex, 1990=1.0
1.25
Massachusetts
Freight &
Rail Plan
United States
Source: Population Estimates Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.
Massachusetts Per Capita Income % US
140
120
110
100
90
80
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
Percent off US
130
Massachusetts
Freight &
Rail Plan
United States
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, last updated May 2008.
Exports as a Share of GDP (US) and
GSP ((MA)) 1997-2007
20%
18%
16%
14%
Share
12%
MA
10%
US
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Freight &
Rail Plan
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: WISERTrade and US Bureau of Economic Analysis.
C
on
st
ru
ct
io
M
n
an
uf
ac
tu
W
ri n
ho
g
le
sa
le
Tr
ad
e
R
et
ai
lT
ra
Tr
de
an
s
&
U
til
itie
s
In
fo
rm
Fi
at
na
io
nc
n
Pr
ia
lA
of
es
ct
iv
si
iti
on
es
al
&
Bu
si
Ed
ne
uc
ss
at
io
n
&
Le
H
is
ea
ur
lth
e
&
H
os
pi
ta
li t
O
y
th
er
Se
rv
ic
es
G
ov
er
nm
en
t
Share off Jobs
Massachusetts Job Shares by Industry
for 1997 and 2007
21%
18%
15%
12%
9%
6%
3%
0%
Freight &
Rail Plan
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Accessed July 3, 2008.
1997
2007
Share of Gross State Product by Industry in
Massachusetts 1997 and 2007
25%
15%
10%
5%
Freight &
Rail Plan
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, last updated May 2008.
t
ov
er
nm
en
G
In
fo
rm
at
Fi
io
na
n
nc
ia
lA
Pr
ct
of
iv
es
iti
si
es
on
al
&
Bu
si
ne
Ed
ss
uc
at
io
n
&
H
Le
ea
is
lth
ur
e
&
H
os
pi
ta
li t
y
O
th
er
Se
rv
ic
es
0%
C
on
st
ru
ct
io
n
M
an
uf
ac
tu
ri n
Tr
g
ad
e
&
Tr
an
sp
or
t
Share
20%
1997
2007
Massachusetts Sub-State Regions
Freight &
Rail Plan
2006 Industry Concentrations
((Location Quotients)) by
y Region
g
Berkshire
Pioneer
Valley
Central
Greater
Boston
Northeast
Southeast
Cape &
Islands
MA
Natural Resources
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.4
1.1
0.7
0.5
Construction
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.7
Manufacturing
g
0.9
1.1
1.3
0.7
1.5
1.1
0.2
0.9
Trade & Transport
0.9
0.8
1.0
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.1
0.9
Information
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
0.9
0.7
0.9
1.2
Financial Activities
0.7
0.9
0.8
1.4
0.7
0.6
0.7
1.1
Professional &
Business
0.6
0.6
0.8
1.4
0.9
0.7
0.7
1.1
Education & Health
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
Leisure &
Hospitality
1.4
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.9
0.9
Other Services
1.2
1.4
1.9
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.1
0.9
Freight &
Rail Plan
Source: Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development and
US Bureau of Labor Statistics
2007 Modal Share Massachusetts & US
80%
70%
60%
Share
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Truck
Rail
Water
MA Share
Freight &
Rail Plan
Air/Other
US Share
Note: U.S. Air freight grouped with other, MA share is 0.1%
Source: Global Insight TRANSEARCH database, 2007
Freight by Origin County in MA
Freight &
Rail Plan
Freight by Destination County in MA
Freight &
Rail Plan
Massachusetts Transportation Network
•
•
•
•
Interstate highway system – over 560 miles
Arterials – over 5,800 miles
Collectors and local roadways – 29,000 miles
Railroads – 1175 route miles
– 40% shared with passenger operations
– 40% in public ownership
• Ports – five major ports
• Air Freight
g – Logan
g and JFK
• Intermodal transfer sites – multiple sites – growing
market
Freight &
Rail Plan
Massachusetts Highway System
Freight &
Rail Plan
Shipping Patterns MA Truck Freight Flows
90
80
70
Millions of Tons
60
50
40
30
20
10
Inbound
Freight &
Rail Plan
Outbound
Through
Internal
Source: 2007 Global Insight TRANSEARCH database
Top Ten Truck Commodities with an
Origin
g or Destination in MA
Commodity - Total O&D
Truck Tons
% Share
Secondary Traffic
50 87
50.87
21%
Petroleum Or Coal Products
39.52
16%
Nonmetallic Minerals
38.26
15%
Clay, Concrete, Glass Or Stone
35.13
14%
Food Or Kindred Products
24.25
10%
Chemicals Or Allied Products
20 17
20.17
8%
Primary Metal Products
7.00
3%
Pulp, Paper Or Allied Products
5.01
2%
Lumber Or Wood Products
4.76
2%
Fabricated Metal Products
4.59
2%
247 50
247.50
93%
T t l
Total
Freight &
Rail Plan
Traffic Congestion Eastern MA
1970
1990
Freight &
Rail Plan
2010
Highway Truck Freight Bottlenecks
Freight &
Rail Plan
Highway Truck Freight Bottlenecks
((Greater Boston))
Freight &
Rail Plan
Highway and Trucking Issues
• Primary freight mode nationwide
– Greater in Massachusetts & New England
• Trucking absorbs most of freight flow increase
F l costs
Fuel
t impacts
i
t
–
–
–
–
Traffic congestion
Cost to shippers and commuters
Air quality and carbon emissions
Pavement and bridge maintenance
Freight &
Rail Plan
Highway and Trucking Issues
• Intermodal connections
– Port of Boston – routes and weight limits
– Rail terminals – congestion
– Air cargo terminals – Logan congestion
• Market shifts
–
–
–
–
Southeastern Mass – Distribution Centers
Central Mass. – Plastics
Eastern Mass. High value, low weight
Intermodal vs. over the road
Freight &
Rail Plan
Major North Atlantic Seaports
Freight &
Rail Plan
North Atlantic Container Market Shares
Port
Halifax
2007
TEUs
Market
Share
2007
2007
Rank
% Change
2006-2007
490,071
22
6%
-7.70%
1,363,021
14
16%
5.70%
220,339
30
3%
10.10%
5,299,105
3
62%
4.10%
Philadelphia
253 492
253,492
27
3%
2 50%
2.50%
Wilmington (DE)
284,352
24
3%
8.20%
Baltimore*
610,466
20
7%
-2.80%
100%
3.30%
Montreal
Boston
NY/NJ
TOTALS
8,520,846
* Baltimore data for Maryland Port Administration (MPA) facilities only
Source: AAPA Survey
Freight &
Rail Plan
Top Ten Water Commodities –
Thousands of Tons
Commodity - Total O&D
Water Tons
% Share
P t l
Petroleum
O
Or C
Coall P
Products
d t
5 185 2
5,185.2
61%
Waste Or Scrap Materials
1,599.8
19%
Chemicals Or Allied Products
696.2
8%
Coal
524.0
6%
Nonmetallic Minerals
355.3
4%
Misc Freight Shipments
76.9
1%
Clay, Concrete, Glass Or Stone
48.0
1%
Farm Products
5.6
0%
Food Or Kindred Products
5.4
0%
Rubber Or Misc Plastics
0.3
0%
Total
8,497.5
Freight &
Rail Plan
Maritime Freight Issues & Opportunities
• Impact of fuel cost increases
• Maritime freight transport costs determined by many factors
• Short Sea Shipping
• Potentially viable in Fall River and/or New Bedford
• State Designated Port Areas
– Protect important industrial port areas
– Protect significant prior infrastructure investment
• DPA status subject to challenge
– State, local zoning sometimes in conflict
– Conflicting regulations can create development impasse
Freight &
Rail Plan
Boston Autoport
Port of Boston Issues
& Opportunities
Main
M i Ch
Channell
Near
Near--dock rail
Freight &
Rail Plan
Conley Terminal
• More intensive use/greater
efficiency at Conley Terminal
• Dredging to deeper depths
• Connections to highways
• Proximity to near-dock rail
• Restrictive bridge heights –
Chelsea St Bridge
• Capacity of distribution centers
• Potential for inland freight
g
facilities
• Increasing container exports,
import/export ratio
Port of New Bedford
Freight &
Rail Plan
I
Issues
& Opportunities
O
ii
•Funding to complete
dredging
•Freight rail access
•‘Last
‘LastLastLast-Mile’
Mile truck access
•Route 6 Bridge clearance
•Intermodal Transportation
Facility
Port of New Bedford
Freight &
Rail Plan
•Freight ferry terminal +
freight rail access, reusing
of EPA harbor cleanclean-up site
Port of Fall River
Freight &
Rail Plan
Port of Salem
•
P t off Gl
Port
Gloucester
t
•Need for dredging
•Community
Community consensus on
waterfront uses
•Greater transport by water
of fish product
•Developable space on State
Pier
Freight &
Rail Plan
DPA with power plant, oil
terminal berthing for fuel
terminal,
deliveries
• Limited space for handling
additional
dditi
l cargo
Port of Salem
DPA
Massachusetts Airports
Freight &
Rail Plan
Massachusetts Exports by Air (value)
1997
2007
Percent
Change
Logan Airport-Boston, MA
$3,433
$7,121
107%
J F K Int
J.F.K.
Int. Airport
Airport, NY
$4 473
$4,473
$6 849
$6,849
53%
Miami Int. Airport, FL
$170
$291
72%
L Angeles
Los
A
l Int.
I t Airport,
Ai
t CA
$176
$135
-23%
23%
San Francisco Int. Airport, CA
$177
$58
-67%
* Millions of Dollars
Source: WISER Trade Database
Freight &
Rail Plan
Top Ten Air Commodities – Thousands
of Tons
Commodity - Total O&D
Air Tons
% Share
Ch i l Or
Chemicals
O Allied
Alli d P
Products
d t
78 19
78.19
24%
Mail Or Contract Traffic
52.99
17%
p, Paper
p Or Allied Products
Pulp,
31.31
10%
Machinery
22.94
7%
Transportation Equipment
19.58
6%
Electrical Equipment
18.45
6%
Fresh Fish Or Marine Products
14.54
5%
Instrum, Photo Equip, Optical Eq
13.52
4%
Clay, Concrete, Glass Or Stone
12.90
4%
7.60
2%
Fabricated Metal Products
Total
320.30
Freight &
Rail Plan
Air Cargo Issues and Opportunities
• Recent growth and investment but limitations on
expansion
• Roadway congestion to/from Logan
• Competition from other airports – JFK
• MA manufacturing shift to high-value, low-weight
goods (bio-tech, medical)
• High demand for parcel shipments (UPS, FedEx, etc)
• Hours of operation
• Market
M k t share
h
and
d relationship
l ti
hi tto other
th MA and
d New
N
England airports
Freight &
Rail Plan
Massachusetts Freight Rail System
Freight &
Rail Plan
Massachusetts Passenger Rail System
Freight &
Rail Plan
Rail Overview
• Diversity of railroad ownership and operations
– 1,175 route miles of railroad in Massachusetts – 488 public
o nership 687 private
ownership,
pri ate ownership
o nership
• Public – MBTA, EOT = 465 miles
• Private – CSX, Pan Am Railways = 491 miles
• Regional
R i
l and
d short
h t line
li operators
t
= 219 miles
il
• Growing demand and congestion
– Shared freight
g and passenger
p
g operation
p
– Changing markets, customer focus
– Intermodal connectivity
• Infrastructure shrinking with abandonment
abandonment, NIMBY
• Land use constraints
Freight &
Rail Plan
Shipping Patterns of MA Rail Freight Flows
9
8
7
Millions of Ton
M
ns
6
5
4
3
2
1
Inbound
Freight &
Rail Plan
Outbound
Through
Internal
Source: 2007 Global Insight TRANSEARCH database
Top Ten Rail Commodities with an
Origin
g or Destination in MA
Commodity - Total O&D
Rail Tons
% Share
Misc Mixed Shipments
2 15
2.15
19%
Chemicals Or Allied Products
1.44
13%
Food Or Kindred Products
1.33
12%
Pulp, Paper Or Allied Products
1.21
11%
Farm Products
0.87
8%
Waste Or Scrap Materials
0 82
0.82
7%
Transportation Equipment
0.71
6%
Nonmetallic Minerals
0.64
6%
Clay, Concrete, Glass Or Stone
0.58
5%
Lumber Or Wood Products
0.53
5%
Total
11 23
11.23
Freight &
Rail Plan
Note: Though there are 1.3 million tons of coal traveling on
MA rail, 1.1 million are through and thereby not reflected
in this table
Rail Issues – Freight
• Weight on Rail (“286”)
– Load by
b exception
e ception – competitive
competiti e disadvantage
disad antage
– Private investment – public impacts
• Vertical Clearances
– Plate F
• New freight cars are larger – load by exception for Massachusetts
– Double Stack
• MA customers not able to take advantage of benefits of double stack
Freight &
Rail Plan
Rail Issues – Freight
• Yard Infrastructure and Connectivity
– Improvements to meet market needs
– Impact of external forces/events
• Community
C
it and
dL
Land
dU
Use IIssues
– Lack of industrial sites
– Opposition to industrial development
Freight &
Rail Plan
Rail Issues – Shared Use
• Control and coordination
• Policy
P li issues
i
Freight weight restrictions (286k)
Vertical clearances
Freight turnouts
Cost allocation
C
Capacity
it constraints
t i t
Freight &
Rail Plan
Rail Opportunities
• Public Private Partnerships
– Strategic
g investments to increase market share
– Need to evaluate state funding constraints
– Decision making to include state, railroad and
customers
• Multi-State Coordination
–P
Passenger and
d Freight
F i ht
– I-95 Corridor Coalition
– Coalition of Northeastern Governors
Freight &
Rail Plan
Next Steps
•
•
•
•
Complete commodity flow assessment
Complete infrastructure conditions assessment
Refine issues and opportunities by mode
R i
Regional
l public/stakeholder
bli / t k h ld meetings
ti
in
i late
l t
October/early November
• Draft preliminary strategies,
strategies investments
investments, policy
Freight &
Rail Plan