ITU/UNESCO
“Forum on Environmentally Sound Management of
E-waste in Latin America”
(Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014)
Session 2: The role of policies and standards for effective
e-waste management
The importance of indicators and metrics in
policymaking and policy assessment
Alexandre F. Barbosa
Manager, CETIC.br
alexandre@nic.br
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
AGENDA
e-Waste: context
Challenges to policymaking
Importance of indicators and metrics in
policymaking and monitoring
Multistakeholder approach in producing
ICT-related statistics in Brazil
Challenges for producing internationally
comparable data
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
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E-waste: context
Increasing amount of electronic and electrical
devices put on market every year;
Concern over the problem of used EEE and
end-of-life electronics;
Lack of awareness on e-waste: recycling,
management and processing;
Poor and insufficient data and statistics on
e-waste;
Need of e-Waste policy and legislation which
consider environmental impacts.
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Challenges for policymaking
Smart
Societies
I&KS
Public
Services
Environmental
Education
Smart
Buildings
e-Waste
ICT
Transport and
Mobility
Energy
Manegement
Waste
Management
Water
Management
Policymaking and Monitoring
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Challenges for policymaking
e-Waste
Environmental
Impacts
Reliable and
internationally
comparable data
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
Political Agenda
e-Waste
Policies and
Legislation
Sustainable development;
3R Principle: Reduce, reuse & recycle
Sustainable consumption and
production (SCP);
Consumption of natural resources;
Energy efficiency.
Framework
Indicators and
metrics
5
Challenges for policymaking
How to design effective policies to
address the challenges posed by the
discarded used electrical and electronic
equipment and end-of-life electronics?
Measurement matters: evidence-based !
Methodology matters !
Specific indicators are needed !
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Importance of statistics in policymaking
and monitoring
“Good policy requires
good statistics at
different stages of the
policymaking process.”
(Scott, 2005)
ICT-related
statistics
Survey data in
policymaking
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
“The impact of policy
can be measured with
good statistics. If
policy cannot be
measured it is not
good policy.”
(Othman, 2005)
Reliable
Policy relevant
Timely (to inform policy decisions)
Accessible to all key stakeholders
Cost-effective
Interdisciplinary enough to
address cross-cutting issues
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Importance of statistics in policymaking
and monitoring
Challenges
Legal framework: policy &
legislation;
Stakeholders engagement;
Administrative data vs
sample survey data;
Methodological & statistical
issues:
Sample design / sample size;
Rigor in data collection / field
control;
Internationally comparable data.
Data dissemination &
communication.
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
Opportunities
EVIDENCE-BASED
POLICYMAKING
INTERNATIONAL
BENCHMARKING
AWARENESS
RAISING &
EDUCATION
8
ICT Survey Models: internationally
agreed core indicators
International common framework: methodology,
core indicators definition, questionnaire.
ICT Households and Individuals
ICT Enterprises
ICT E-Government
ICT in Education
ICT in Health
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Initiatives for measuring environmental
impacts: concepts and indicators
e-Waste (WEEE - waste electrical and electronic
equipment)
e-Waste recycling
Green ICT
Green growth and sustainable development
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Environmental regulations to account for
used EEE and end-of-life electronics
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.
The Basel Convention entered into force in May of
1992, 2006 (Nairobi Declaration) and 2011
(Cartagena Decisions).
Three stated objectives:
1. To minimize the production of hazardous waste;
2. To encourage the local handling of hazardous waste;
3. To minimize the export of hazardous waste from
developed to developing countries.
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Sustainable Development Indicators: SDI
EU Sustainable Development Strategy
Themes:
Socio-economic development
SDIs are used to monitor
the EU Sustainable
Development Strategy
(published by Eurostat).
Sustainable consumption and
production
Social inclusion
Demographic changes
Public health
100 indicators.
Climate change and energy
11 indicators have been
identified as headline
indicators.
Natural resources
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
Sustainable transport
Global partnership
Good governance
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ICT statistics in Brazil: a
multistakeholder approach
Brazilian Internet
Steering Committee
Brazilian Network
Information Center
Regional Centre of
Studies for the
Development of the
Information Society
Latin America and
Portuguese speaking
African countries
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Engaging stakeholders: Government,
academia and civil society
ICT survey process
Expert Group:
q Academic researchers
q
Government
2
1
ICT SURVEY
PLANNING
(Objectives, survey frame,
sample design, indicators,
questionnaire design)
Survey Procedures
Manual
q
Non-gov’t organizations
q
Research institutes
3
FIELD DATA
COLLECTION
(PAPI & CATI)
Field Control
Report
Methodological
Report
4
DATA PROCESSING
(Data consolidation,
validation and coding)
Collected data
(tables &
transcripts)
Raw data tables
5
DATA
DISSEMINATION
DATA ANALYSIS
AND DATA
PRESENTATION
Preliminary Data
Analysis Report
(ICT indicators and
historical data)
Publication (Analysis and ICT Indicators)
Book
Website CETIC.br
Data collection
instruments:
questionnaires,
interview scripts, etc.
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Engaging stakeholders: Government,
academia and civil society
Data dissemination and use
1
2
ICT SURVEY
PLANNING
(Objectives, survey frame,
sample design, indicators,
questionnaire design)
3
FIELD DATA
COLLECTION
(PAPI & CATI)
4
DATA PROCESSING
(Data consolidation,
validation and coding)
5
DATA ANALYSIS
AND DATA
PRESENTATION
DATA
DISSEMINATION
(ICT indicators and
historical data)
Recipients
ICT Suvey
Projects
Data visualization tools
Dynamic tables
Government:
q Input for public policy
formulation and instrument
for policy evaluation
Academia:
q Academic research projects
Microdata base:
q SPSS
q Data dictionary
q Indicators construction syntax
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Pillars of CETIC’s survey process
Articulation of productive partnerships
Government &
Int’l
Organizations
Academic
Organizations
Non-profit
Organizations
“Good policy requires good statistics at different
stages of the policymaking process.” (Scott, 2005)
Planning
Dissemination & Use
“The impact of policy can be measured with
good statistics. If policy cannot be measured it
is not good policy.” (Othman, 2005)
200 Experts
58 Organizations
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Matrix of ICT survey’s stakeholders
Level of interest and insertion
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VERY
HIGH
(competencies, skills, innova on)
Relevance for ICT policies on ICT use
Matrix of relevance for ICT policies
Use of ICT survey data on policymaking
ICT EDUCATION
ICT ENTERPRISES
ICT NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATIONS
ICT
HEALTH
ICT E-GOV
q
q
q
q
q
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innova on
Ministry of Educa on
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Planning, Management and Budget
Ins tute for Applied Economic Research - IPEA
ICT
KIDS ONLINE
HIGH
ICT PUBLIC
ACCESS CENTERS
ICT
HOUSEHOLDS
MODERATE
q
q
q
LOW
VERY
LOW
q
q
Ministry of Communica ons
Ministry of Planning, Management and Budget
Ins tute for Applied Economic Research - IPEA
Na onal Telecom Agency
Presiden al Cabinet
ICT ISP
PROVIDERS
5
200
VERY
LOW
LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY
HIGH
Relevance for ICT access policies
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
(ICT Infrastrucutre)
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Policies based on ICT survey data
Relevance for ICT policies
2005
Policymaking and monitoring
Tax Exemption Program for
Computers (Computer for All
Program)
Broadband National Plan
Low Cost Broadband Program
(1Mbps at USD 15)
Act 12.715/2012: Tax
exemption for telecom
services in rural areas
Broadband for Rural Areas
Program (450 MHz-2014)
Smart Cities
Telecentres
Montevideo, Uruguay, 12 March 2014
2013
Tax Exemption Programs
(Internet and smartphone)
Proinfo (Computer Labs in
public schools)
Broadband in Schools
Program
UCA (one laptop per child
program)
E-Gov Action Plan
ICT Skills development
programs
ICT impact assessment in
the health sector
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Measuring e-Waste: benchmarking
Challenges for producing int’l comparable data
Framework for measuring e-waste
Definitions, indicators and data collection
instruments
Which
approach?
Policies
Producers
Consumers
Indicator 1
What
should be
measured?
Dimensions
Indicator 2
.
.
.
Indicator n
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Thank you !
CETIC.br’s ICT surveys are available
for download at
www.cetic.br/publicacoes
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