Native Tree Species of Georgia Dendrology Series
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Dendrology Series WSFNR10-5** February 2010 Native Tree Species of Georgia by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia The native trees of Georgia represent a great ecological bounty and a rich cultural history. Native trees live from the mountains to the sea in many diverse habitats and under many environmental constraints. Native trees add value, comfort, and beauty to life in Georgia. They have provided medicine, food, fiber, shelter, recreation and aesthetic values. Native trees witnessed the arrival of many groups of explorers and settlers, many Native Americans, and a number of ice ages. Native trees are wonderfully adapted to a local area’s climate, soils, pests and other plants. There is a native tree well-suited for every planting site or landscape position. A “tree” is defined here as a perennial plant capable of attaining a size greater than 15 feet in total height and greater than 4 inches in stem diameter. A “native” tree is defined as being found within the last three centuries growing wild and reproducing naturally in Georgia, and not introduced from outside the state by humans. Table 1 lists the native trees of Georgia as determined by multiple sources. The first names listed in each line are each tree’s unique scientific name. Following next on the same line is the most commonly used name for each tree. Several tree species can share the same common name, but each will have its own scientific name. How many of these native trees are in your yard, at your school, or in a local park? How many can you find? 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Table 1: Native trees of Georgia listed alphabetically by scientific name and includes the most widely used common name. scientific name Abies fraseri Acacia farnesiana Acer barbatum Acer leucoderme Acer negundo Acer nigrum Acer pensylvanicum Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum Acer spicatum Aesculus flava Aesculus glabra Aesculus parviflora Aesculus pavia Aesculus sylvatica Alnus serrulata Amelanchier arborea Aralia spinosa Asimina parviflora Asimina triloba Baccharis halimifolia Betula alleghaniensis Betula lenta Betula nigra Carpinus caroliniana Carya aquatica Carya australis Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Carya laciniosa Carya myristiciformis Carya ovalis Carya ovata Carya pallida Carya tomentosa Castanea dentata Castanea pumila Catalpa bignonioides Celtis laevigata Celtis occidentalis Celtis tenuifolia Cephalanthus occidentalis common name Fraser fir sweet acacia Southern sugar maple chalk maple boxelder black maple striped maple red maple silver maple sugar maple mountain maple yellow buckeye Ohio buckeye bottlebrush buckeye red buckeye Georgia buckeye hazel alder serviceberry devil’s walkingstick dwarf pawpaw pawpaw scientific name Cercis canadensis Chamaecyparis thyoides Chionanthus virginicus Cladrastis kentukea Clethra acuminata Cliftonia monophylla Cornus alternifolia Cornus florida Cornus foemina Cornus stricta Cotinus obovatus Crataegus aestivalis Crataegus aprica Crataegus brachyacantha Crataegus calpodendron Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus flabellata Crataegus flava Crataegus intricata Crataegus marshallii Crataegus phaenopyrum Crataegus pruinosa Eastern baccharis Crataegus pulcherrima yellow birch Crataegus punctata sweet birch Crataegus spathulata river birch Crataegus succulenta Crataegus triflora American hornbeam Crataegus uniflora water hickory Crataegus viridis Southern shagbark hickory Cyrilla parvifolia bitternut hickory Cyrilla racemiflora pignut hickory shellbark hickory Diospyros virginiana nutmeg hickory red hickory Elliottia racemosa shagbark hickory Euonymus atropurpureus sand hickory mockernut hickory Fagus grandifolia American chestnut Forestiera acuminata chinquapin Forestiera segregata Southern catalpa Franklinia alatamaha sugarberry Fraxinus americana hackberry Fraxinus caroliniana Georgia hackberry Fraxinus pennsylvanica buttonbush Fraxinus profunda Fraxinus quadrangulata common name redbud Atlantic whitecedar fringetree yellowwood sweet pepperbush buckwheat tree alternate-leaf dogwood flowering dogwood stiff dogwood swamp dogwood smoketree mayhaw sunny hawthorn blueberry hawthorn pear hawthorn cockspur hawthorn fanleaf hawthorn yellow hawthorn Biltmore hawthorn parsley hawthorn Washington hawthorn waxy-fruit hawthorn beautiful hawthorn dotted hawthorn littlehip hawthorn succulent hawthorn three-flower hawthorn dwarf hawthorn green hawthorn littleleaf titi swamp titi persimmon Georgia plume burningbush American beech swamp-privet Florida-privet Franklin tree white ash Carolina ash green ash pumpkin ash blue ash 2 Table 1: Native trees of Georgia listed alphabetically by scientific name and includes the most widely used common name. (continued) scientific name common name Gleditsia aquatica Gleditsia triacanthos Gordonia lasianthus water locust honeylocust loblolly bay Halesia carolina Halesia diptera Halesia tetraptera Hamamelis virginiana little silverbell two-wing silverbell mountain silverbell American witch-hazel Ilex ambigua Ilex amelanchier Ilex cassine Ilex coriacea Ilex decidua Ilex longipes Ilex montana Ilex myrtifolia Ilex opaca Ilex verticillata Ilex vomitoria Illicium floridanum Illicium parviflorum Carolina holly sarvis holly dahoon large gallberry possumhaw Georgia holly mountain holly myrtle dahoon American holly winterberry yaupon Florida anisetree yellow anisetree Juglans cinerea Juglans nigra Juniperus communis Juniperus silicicola Juniperus virginiana butternut black walnut common juniper Southern redcedar Eastern redcedar Kalmia latifolia mountain-laurel Leitneria floridana Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Lyonia ferruginea corkwood sweetgum yellow-poplar staggerbush Magnolia acuminata Magnolia cordata Magnolia fraseri Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia macrophylla Magnolia pyramidata Magnolia tripetala Magnolia virginiana Malus angustifolia Malus coronaria mountain cucumber-tree Piedmont cucumber-tree mountain magnolia Southern magnolia bigleaf magnolia pyramid magnolia umbrella-tree sweetbay Southern crabapple sweet crabapple scientific name common name Morus rubra Myrica cerifera Myrica heterophylla Myrica inodora red mulberry wax-myrtle evergreen bayberry odorless bayberry Nyssa aquatica Nyssa biflora Nyssa ogeche Nyssa sylvatica water tupelo swamp tupelo Ogeeche-lime blackgum Osmanthus americanus Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum devilwood Eastern hophornbeam sourwood Persea borbonia Persea palustris Pinckneya bracteata Pinus echinata Pinus elliottii Pinus glabra Pinus palustris Pinus pungens Pinus rigida Pinus serotina Pinus strobus Pinus taeda Pinus virginiana Planera aquatica Platanus occidentalis Populus deltoides Populus heterophylla Prunus alabamensis Prunus americana Prunus angustifolia Prunus caroliniana Prunus mexicana Prunus pensylvanica Prunus serotina Prunus umbellata Ptelea trifoliata red-bay swamp-bay fevertree shortleaf pine slash pine spruce pine longleaf pine Table Mountain pine pitch pine pond pine Eastern white pine loblolly pine Virginia pine planertree American sycamore Eastern cottonwood swamp cottonwood Alabama cherry American plum Chickasaw plum laurelcherry Mexican plum fire cherry black cherry flatwoods plum hoptree Quercus alba Quercus arkansana Quercus austrina Quercus breviloba Quercus chapmanii white oak Arkansas oak bluff oak Gulf oak Chapman oak 3 Table 1: Native trees of Georgia listed alphabetically by scientific name and includes the most widely used common name. (continued) scientific name common name Quercus coccinea Quercus falcata Quercus geminata Quercus georgiana Quercus hemisphaerica Quercus imbricaria Quercus incana Quercus laevis Quercus laurifolia Quercus lyrata Quercus margaretta Quercus marilandica Quercus michauxii Quercus minima Quercus montana Quercus muehlenbergii Quercus myrtifolia Quercus nigra Quercus oglethorpensis Quercus pagoda Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus prinoides Quercus rubra Quercus shumardii Quercus similis Quercus sinuata Quercus stellata Quercus velutina Quercus virginiana scarlet oak Southern red oak sand live oak Georgia oak laurel oak shingle oak bluejack oak turkey oak swamp laurel oak overcup oak sand post oak blackjack oak swamp chestnut oak dwarf live oak chestnut oak chinquapin oak myrtle oak water oak Oglethorpe oak cherrybark oak pin oak willow oak dwarf chinquapin oak Northern red oak Shumard’s oak swamp post oak bastard (Durand) oak post oak black oak live oak Rhamnus caroliniana Rhododendron catawbiense Rhododendron maximum Rhus copallinum Rhus glabra Rhus typhina Robinia hispida Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia viscosa buckthorn purple-laurel rosebay-laurel winged sumac smooth sumac staghorn sumac pink locust black locust clammy locust Sabal palmetto Salix caroliniana Salix floridana Salix nigra Salix sericea cabbage palmetto Coastal Plain willow Florida willow black willow silky willow scientific name common name Sambucus canadensis Sambucus simpsonii Sapindus marginatus Sassafras albidum Serenoa repens Sideroxylon lanuginosa Sideroxylon lycioides Sideroxylon tenax Sorbus americana Staphylea trifolia Stewartia malacodendron Stewartia ovata Styrax americanus Styrax grandifolius Symplocos tinctoria American elder Southern elder Florida soapberry sassafras saw palmetto gum bumelia buckthorn bumelia tough bumelia American mountain-ash bladdernut silky camellia mountain camellia American snowbell bigleaf snowbell sweetleaf Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Tilia americana Tilia caroliniana Tilia floridana Tilia heterophylla Torreya taxifolia Toxicodendron vernix Tsuga canadensis Tsuga caroliniana pond-cypress bald-cypress American basswood Carolina basswood Florida basswood white basswood torreya poison sumac Eastern hemlock Carolina hemlock Ulmus alata Ulmus americana Ulmus rubra Ulmus serotina winged elm American elm slippery elm September elm Vaccinium arboreum Viburnum cassinoides Viburnum dentatum Viburnum lentago Viburnum nudum Viburnum obovatum Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum rufidulum farkleberry Northern possumhaw Southern arrowwood nannyberry Southern possumhaw small-leaf arrowwood blackhaw rusty blackhaw Yucca aloifolia Yucca gloriosa Spanish-bayonet moundlilly yucca Zanthoxylum americanum Zanthoxylum clava-herculis prickly-ash Hercules’ club 4 Native trees of Georgia statistics: Number of trees on list = 253 Largest five genera (33% of all trees) = Genera with taxonomic problems = Quercus oak ( 35 species) Crataegus hawthorn ( 18 species) Ilex holly ( 11 species) Carya hickory ( 10 species) Pinus pine ( 10 species) Crataegus spp. hawthorn Tilia spp. basswood Primary sources include: Coder, K.D. 1989. Georgia’s Native Trees. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service Misc. Publication 321. Pp.2. Duncan, W.H. & M.B. Duncan. 1988. Trees of the Southeastern United States. University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia. Pp.322. Jones, S.B. & N.C. Coile. 1988. The Distribution of the Vascular Flora of Georgia. Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Pp.230. Kirkman, L.K., C.L. Brown, & D.J. Leopold. 2007. Native Trees of the Southeast. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. Pp.370. Little, E.L. 1979. Checklist of United States Trees. USDA-FS Agricultural Handbook 541. Pp.375. Little, E.L. 1981. Atlas of United States Trees. Volume 6 – Supplement. USDA-FS Misc. Publication #1410. Pp.31. Miller, H.A. & S.H. Lamb. 1985. Oaks of North America. Naturegraph Publishers, Inc., Happy Camp, CA. Pp.327. Phipps, J.B., R.J. O’Kennon & R.W. Lance. 2003. Hawthorns and Medlars. Royal Horticultural Society. Timber Press, Portland, OR. Pp.139. Preston, R.J. 1976. North American Trees (3rd edition). Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Pp.399. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, & C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C. Pp.1183. Stein, J.,D. Binion, & R. Acciavatti. 2003. Field Guide to Native Oak Species of Eastern North America. USDA-FS FHTET-2003-01. Pp.167. 5
