ITU Kaleidoscope 2011
The fully networked human?
I
Innovations
ti
for
f
future
f t
networks
t
k and
d services
i
MAKING THINGS SOCIALIZE IN THE
INTERNET -- DOES IT HELP OUR LIVES?
Luigi Atzori*, Antonio Iera#, Giacomo Morabito§
*DIEE
– University of Cagliari,
Cagliari Italy
#University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
§ University
y of Catania,, Italy
y
Cape Town, South Africa
12-14 December 2011
12/12/201
11
Outline
| Internet
y
y
Definition, Applications
State of the art
| Social
y
y
y
of Things
g ((IoT))
Internet of Things (SIoT)
Definition
Types off Relationships
l
h
Relationship Models
| Applications
A li ti
| System
y
y
Components
C
t
Architecture
| Simulations
and conclusions
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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Internet of Things
g
| It
is a world-wide network of
interconnected uniquely
q
y addressable
objects
¾
¾
¾
¾
Static fixed nodes
Handheld
dh ld wireless
i l
d
devices
i
Wireless sensor and actuator nodes
RFID readers/tags
| Major
characteristics
Scale - order of magnitude
higher than Internet
¾ Heterogeneity - very
different technologies
¾ Pervasivity – ICT embedded
i our environments
in
i
t
¾
3
IMS Research
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
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IoT applications
pp
Nike + shoes
AutoBot
Arrayent
y
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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IoT - State of the Art
| Social
y
y
y
y
y
networks and socialization
Homophily
| Internet search, p2p and security
Routing
| pocket switched and delay tolerant nets
Temporary relationships between nearby
objects
j
| data exchange
Blogject: objects that blog
Reachable web of things in human social
networks
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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Social Internet of Things (1/2)
| Total
number of humans in the world:
around 7 billions
| Expected number of objects: trillions
| How to find the right object?
| Among humans …
Social networks! Why not the same for objects?
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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Social Internet of Things (2/2)
| Advantages
y
y
y
Easy to be navigable*
Scalable
Trustworthiness
•J. Kleinberg, “The small-world phenomenon:
an algorithmic perspective”
in Proc. of ACM Symposium
on Theory and Computing, 2000
Reason
Humans
Things
Become visible
Increase popularity
Publish information/services
Find resources
Find old friends
Find information/services
Obtain context information
Get filtered information
Discover new resources
Find new friends
Get environment characteristics
Fi d new services/updated
Find
i / d d
information
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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SIoT - Types
yp
of Relationships
p
Parental object relationship
Co-location object
relationship and co-work
object relationship
Social object relationship
Ownership object
p
relationship
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SIoT - Relationship
p Models (
(1/4)
)
Communal sharing relationships
Humans/Things
• Behaviors of objects with collective relevance
• Focus on the service offered by the entire swarm
A. P. Fiske, “The four elementary forms of sociality: framework for a
unified theory of social relations,” Psychological review, vol. 99, 1992.
*
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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SIoT - Relationship
p Models (
(2/4)
)
Equality matching relationships
Humans/Things
Objects operate as equals and request and provide
i f
information
ti among th
them iin the
th perspective
ti off providing
idi IoT
I T
services to users while maintaining their individuality
10
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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SIoT - Relationship
p Models (
(3/4)
)
Authority ranking relationships
Humans/Things
Established between objects of different complexity and
hi
hierarchical
hi l levels
l
l
•RFID reader and Tags, Bluetooth master and slave
11
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
12/12/201
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SIoT - Relationship
p Models (
(4/4)
)
Market pricing relationships
Humans/Things
• Working together in the view of achieving mutual benefit
• Participation in this relationship only when it is worth
the while to do so
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
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Applications
Applicable relational model
Type of object
interaction
Application examples
Parental object
relationship
Communal Sharing
Equality Matching
Market Pricing
Swarm
Balanced
Cooperative
Best practice sharing
Swarm
Balanced
Unbalanced
Environmental monitoring
Building automation
Industrial automation
Data fusion
Automatic identification of goods
Swarm
Balanced
Unbalanced
Emergency
g
y and first responder
p
deployments
Data distribution
Telemedicine
Military applications
Logistics
Co-location object
relationship
Co-work object
relationship
Communal Sharing
Equality Matching
Autority Ranking
Communal Sharing
Equality Matching
Autority Ranking
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2011
Category of “object
relationship”
Ownership object
relationship
p
Equality Matching
Autority
y Ranking
g
Balanced
Unbalanced
Remote control of devices
Personal data storing and distribution
Multimedia content fruition
Infomobility and positioning
Social object
relationship
Equality Matching
Autority Ranking
Market Pricing
Balanced
Unbalanced
Cooperative
Personal data exchange
Cooperative sharing and downloading
Distribute gaming
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Cooperative and hybrid positioning
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Your operator
network
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Long line through
2
second exit Via
Giovanni’s
Roma route
car
I got the highest
energy consumption
in the
h bl
blockk
Mauro’s house
Free WiFi
Better
coverage
3
1
I discovered how to
connect to printer
192.167.131.60
4
Giacomo’s
Mac
Daniele
Efisio’s car
I got a rare issue
… looking how
to fix it
Michele
7
Mario is at “Il lido”
Luisa is at “Charlie” Disco
Giorgia is here
5
In Rome the weather
is unexpectedly cold
6
Carlo
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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Relation
-ship
mngt
Social
graph
Service
APIs
Social
presence
Service
APIs
Service
discove
ry
ID Mngt
Profiling
Profiling
Relation
control
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SIoT Components
Owner
O
control
Particip
a-tion
model
Social Network
for Humans
Trustwo
r-thiness
mngt
Service
compos
i-tion
Social Networks
for Things
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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SIoT Architecture
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2011
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Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
12/12/201
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Simulations
(
(1/3)
)
| Objective
j
y
Analyze the social structure in the SIoT
| X(A)->probabiliy random variable
representing the distance between two
nodes that are tied by a social
relationship of type A
| Model
y
y
y
y
used
Small World In Motion
SWIM simulator (A Mei, J.Stefa, Infocom10)
Space
p
divided in cells of equal
q
size
| Transfers that depend on the cell distance
and popularity of target cell
Duration: 11 days, Users: 2000
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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|
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Simulations
(
(2/3)
)
Probability density function of the variable X(OOR)
y OOR -> ownership object relationship
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Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
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Simulations
(2/3)
Probability density function of the variable X(SOR)
y SOR -> social object relationship
Friends when
- Number of contact
Nc >= 2
- Intercontact
I
time
i
TI >= 8 hours
- At different contact
d
durations
ti
Tc
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Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
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Simulations
(
(2/3)
)
Probability density function of the variable X(C-WOR)
y C-WOR -> co-work object relationship
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Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
12/12/201
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Conclusions
| Needs
y
y
y
y
for standards
Many SIoT plaform working in parallel, with
objects
j
belonging
g g to different organizations
g
Crawling of friends in other platforms
| Accessibility
y to object
j
p
profile,, friends,,
activity, trustworthiness,…
Services provide by/to third parties
Objects may need to move their history
| Objective
j
y
Work towards an object open social
standard
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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Conclusions
| What
y
y
Introducing a fresh new concept of Social
I t
Internet
t off Things
Thi
Designing a possible architecture
Performing simulations to analyse the
structure of the object social network
| What
y
y
y
y
21/09/2
2011
y
We have Done So Far …
Still Need to De Done …
Implement
p
the software p
platform
Realizing key use-cases (hundreds of
Things to be involved)
Making experiments
… and many other things that still need to
be defined!
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
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THANKS FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!
Cape Town, South Africa
12-14 December 2011