ITU Kaleidoscope 2011
The fully networked human?
Innovations for future networks and services
Proposal of A Wired Rural Area
Network with Optical Submarine
Cables
Yoshitoshi Murata
Iwate Prefectural University
y-murata@iwate-pu.ac.jp
Cape Town, South Africa
12–14 December 2011
Purpose
 How
to introduce future networks to rural
areas?
 Problems
 Sparse
population
 High construction cost of a network
 High maintenance cost of a network
 Demands
for Rural area network systems
 Low
total cost
 Fitting to features of each rural area
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Existing Rural Area Network Systems
 Wireless
system
 Wireless
IP access
mesh
network by WiFi
Internet
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Investigating areas
Aomori
Morioka
Akita
Yamagata
Iwate
Miyagi
Hukushima
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Results of investigation
Average number of residences is 15.
 There are two types:

Clustered at a cross road
 Clustered along specific section of a road


Interval between residences is 50–200m.
They are too sparsely for the Wireless IP
access system.
 Residences are plotted on a line so long,
and too many for both of them.

Example of residences gathering
nearby a crossroad
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Example of residences gathering
along a road
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Wired rural area network with optical
submarine cables, OSC-RAN
Internet
Control
unit
Entrance
network
MC
MC
Relay unit
Relay unit
Op. SW
Op. SW
PC
PC
MC
Relay unit
PC
IES
Relay unit
MC
: 100BASE-FX
: 100BASE-TX
Op. SW
PC
Relay unit
Op. SW
Op. SW
PC
Its structure is simple to establish
by ourselves for low total cost.
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Usage optical submarine cables
Optical fiber
Steel pipe
Inner sheath
Piano wire
Protection
tape
Sheath
(a) Armored cable
Optical fiber
Steel pipe
Tension
member
Rip code
Sheath
(b) Regular cable
Three types cables:
- 50m / 100m / 150m
SC connectors are joined.
Structure of the control unit
To left side
residence
To right side
residence
Op. SW
Op. SW
To PC/Router
AC/DC
AC100V
Intelligent
Ethernet SW
Media
Converter
Control unit
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
To entrance
line
Structure of the relay unit
To right side
residence
To left side
residence
Op. SW
To PC/Router
PoE Injector
AC100V
PoE Adapter
Relay unit
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Field trial place
#8
#9
#7
Field
Field
Field
Forest
#10
Field
#1
Forest
Concrete
Gutter
#3
#2
#6
#5
Field
Field
#4
Creek
Junction point
with Kitakami CATV
: Control unit
: 50 m cable
: Relay unit
: 100 m cable
: Connecting point
: 150 m cable
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Wiring work
(a) Sender
(b) Assistant
(c) Drawer
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Network configuration
Video converter
WM encoder
Video converter
WM encoder
Video converter
WM encoder
Video converter
WM encoder
Video converter
WM encoder
Video converter
WM encoder
NTSC
Composite signal
IEEE1394
#10 residence
Kitakami
CATV office
L2SW
(IGMP Snooping)
Multicast router/
DHCP server
Broadband
router (NAT)
MC
100BASE-FX
Modem
WM server
100BASE-TX
#3 residence
To the Internet
#2 residence
#1 residence
AC100V
PoE
injector
PoE
injector
PoE
injector
LAN
100BASE-TX/PoE
Relay unit
Relay unit
Relay unit
100BASE-FX
Control unit
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
Summary of establishing a network
 Total
working hours was 158 hours.
 It took 3 months for the network
system to become stable.
 Reasons
 Shortage
of preparation and experience.
 The daylight hours are short in winter
season.
 We have original jobs.
Summary of troubles
 We
4
had 9 troubles.
of them were related to units in the office.
 WM
encoders and WM server were unstable.
 The modem and the router stopped to work.

5
Shortage of maintaining above units.
of them were related to the OSC-RAN.
A
electric socket of a PoE injector was pulled off.
 A cables was cut by a snowplow.
 We missed to detect a broken connecter cable
and a invalid equipment of a control unit.

Shortage of tests and a test manual.
Throughput and transmission delay
100
0.7
90
0.6
0.5
70
60
0.4
50
0.3
40
30
T.P(1→2→3→4→5→6→7→8→9→10)
20
0.2
T.P(1→10→9→8→7→6→5→4→3→2)
RTT(1→2→3→4→5→6→7→8→9→10)
10
0.1
RTT(1→10→9→8→7→6→5→4→3→2)
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Residence Number
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services
RTT [ms]
Throughput [Mbps]
80
Questionnaires to residents
A number of
access
Internet service
IP-TV service
Almost every
day
4-5 days/week
2
0
2
0
2-3 days/week
3
3
Few days/week
0
4
No access
2
2
No answer
1
1
Conclusion
 As
the result of investigation, existing
wireless systems would not suited for
rural areas around Morioka, north
Japan.
 We proposed the OSC-RAN to reduce
the total cost by getting residents and
some helper to establish and maintain
networks by themselves.
 Through a field trial, we confirmed that
they could indeed establish and
maintain a network.
Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 December 2011
ITU Kaleidoscope 2011 – The fully networked human? Innovations for future networks and services