AsPEN PUBLISH ERS
TEXAS ESTATE
PLANNING STATUTES
WITH COMMENTARY
2008
Gerry W. Beyer
Governor Preston E. Smith Regents Professor of Law
Texas Tech University School of Law
Wolters Kluwer
law & Bus:1 ness
AUSTIN
BOSTON
CHICAGO
NEW YORK
THE NETHERLANDS
CONTENTS
Preface ........ .. .... ....... .... .... ........... ... .......... .... .... ........ ...... .... .. ........ .... ...... ............ ...... ...... .. .... ....... .... ...... ..... ... /xi
I. Business and Commerce Code ............................................................... 1
Title 1. Uniform Commercial Code ............................................................................... 1
Chapter 8. Investment Securities ............................................................................... 1
Subchapter D. Registration ................... .. ........... .................................... .......................... ...................... 1
§ 8.402. Assurance That Indorsement or Instruction is Effective ................ .............. .............. ......... 1
Title 3. Insolvency, Fraudulent Transfers, and Fraud ................................................. 1
Chapter 24. Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act ............................................................ 1
§ 24.001 .
§ 24.002.
§ 24.003 .
§ 24.004.
§ 24.005.
§ 24.006.
§ 24.007.
§ 24.008.
§ 24.009.
§ 24.010.
§ 24.011.
§ 24.012.
§ 24.013 .
Short Title ................................ ................................................. ... ................. .................... 1
Definitions ...... .......... ............. .................. ......... ........................... ............. .................. ...... 1
Insolvency ................... .............................. .............................. ............................... .......... 2
Value ............... ............................................................................................................. .... 3
Transfers Fraudulent as to Present and Future Creditors .................................................. 3
Transfers Fraudulent as to Present Creditors .................................................................... 3
When Transfer is Made or Obligation is Incurred ................................................ ............ 3
Remedies of Creditors .. ............ ................ ............... .. .......... ... ........ .................................. 4
Defenses, Liability, and Protection of Transferee ................................ .......... .... ............... 4
Extinguishment of Cause of Action .............. ............................. .... ................................... 5
Supplementary Provisions ............... .. ........................................................... ...... ............. . 5
Uniformity of Application and Construction ......... .................. ........... .......... ......... ... .. ...... 5
Costs .......... .... ...... ................................................................. ............................ .. .............. 5
II. Civil Practice and Remedies Code ....................................................... 7
Title 2. Trial, Judgment, and Appeal ............................................................................ 7
Subtitle B. Trial Matters ................................................................................................. 7
Chapter 15. Venue ...................................................................................................... 7
SUbchapter A. Definitions; General Rules ................................ ...................... ........................... ............ 7
§ 15.007. Conflict With Certain Provisions ......................... ........ ........ ........... .................................. 7
Subchapter B. Mandatory Venue ............................... ............................................................................ 7
§ 15.01 1. Land .. ............. ....... ........ ....... ....... .. ..................... ........................ .......... ....................... ...... 7
Subchapter C. Permissive Venue .......................................... ........... .... .......................... ....... ...... ..... ...... 7
§ 15.031. Executor; Administrator; Guardian ............ ... ... ....... .......... ................ ........... ....... ............. 7
ix
CONTENTS
Chapter 16. Limitations .............................................................................................. 7
Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions ...................................... .................................. ............. 7
§ 16.001 . Effect of Disability ................................................................................. .......................... 7
§ 16.002. One-Year Limitations Period ... .... ............................... .... ........ ................... .... ...... ............. 8
§ 16.003. Two-Year Limitations Period ........ .......................................................... .. .... ................ ... 8
§ 16.004. Four-Year Limitations Period ................................................................... ........................ 8
§ 16.0045. Five-Year Limitations Period ....................................................... .................. ................ 8
§ 16.005. Action for Closing Street or Road ................................................................ .................... 8
§ 16.006. Carriers of Property .... ........ .................................................................... ........... ............... 8
§ 16.007. Return of Execution .......................................... .. ..................... ...................... .................. . 9
§ 16.008. Architects, Engineers, Interior Designers, and Landscape Architects
Furnishing Design, Planning, or Inspection of Construction of
Improvements .............................................................................. ................................. 9
§ 16.009. Persons Furnishing Construction or Repair of Improvements ........................... ..... ........ .. 9
§ 16.010. Misappropriation of Trade Secrets ................................................................................... 9
§ 16.011 . Surveyors .................................................................... ................... .............. ................... 10
§ 16.012. Products Liability: Manufacturing Equipment ............................................................... 10
Subchapter B. Limitations of Real Property Actions .................. ............................ ......... ............. ....... 10
§ 16.021 .
§ 16.022.
§ 16.023.
§ 16.024.
§ 16.025 .
§ 16.026.
§ 16.027.
§ 16.028.
§ 16.029.
§ 16.030.
§ 16.031.
§ 16.032.
§ 16.033.
§ 16.034.
§ 16.035.
§ 16.036.
§ 16.037.
Definitions .. ......................................................................................... .... ..................... .. 10
Effect of Disability ................ ................... .......................................... .................. .......... 10
Tacking of Successive Interests ...................................... .............. ........... .. ..................... 11
Adverse Possession: Three-Year Limitations Period ........................................ .............. 11
Adverse Possession: Five-Year Limitations Period ........ ................................................ 11
Adverse Possession: IO-Year Limitations Period ........................................................... 11
Adverse Possession: 25-Year Limitations Period Notwithstanding Disability ..... .......... 11
Adverse Possession With Recorded Instrument: 25-Year Limitations Period ................ 11
Evidence of Title to Land by Limitations ....................................................................... 11
Title Through Adverse Possession ................................................................................. 12
Enclosed Land ........................................................ ........................ .............. ... .. ............. 12
Adjacent Land ............................................................. ... ............................................. ... 12
Technical Defects in Instrument... ........ ......................... ................................................. 12
Attorney's Fees ...................................................................................... ......................... 12
Lien on Real Property ............................................ .................................... ..................... 12
Extension of Real Property Lien..................................................................................... 13
Effect of Extension of Real Property Lien on Third Parties ..... .. .............. ...................... 13
Subchapter C. Residual Limitations Period .. ....................... .. ...... ................................. ............ ...... ..... 13
§ 16.051. Residual Limitations Period ........................................................................................... 13
Subchapter D. Miscellaneous Provisions ............................ ............................................... ....... ......... .. 13
§ 16.061 .
§ 16.062.
§ 16.063.
§ 16.064.
§ 16.065.
§ 16.066.
§ 16.067.
§ 16.068.
§ 16.069.
Rights Not Barred .............. ...... .................. ............. ............................... ........... .............. 13
Effect of Death ............................................................................................... ................ 13
Temporary Absence from State ............................................................................... ....... 14
Effect of Lack of Jurisdiction ................................................. ........................................ 14
Acknowledgment of Claim .......................................................................................... .. . 14
Action on Foreign Judgment .................................. ........................................................ 14
Claim Incurred Prior to Arrival in This State ......... ..... .................................. .. ............... 14
Amended and Supplemental Pleadings ........................................................................... 14
Counterclaim or Cross Claim ..................................................... .............. .................... .. 14
x
CONTENTS
§ 16.070. Contractual Limitations Period .................................................. ...... .......................... ..... 14
§ 16.071. Notice Requirements ...................................................................................................... 14
§ 16.072. Saturday, Sunday, or Holiday ......................................................................................... 15
Subtitle C. Judgments ................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 37. Declaratory Judgments .....•.........•..........•..........••....•.•........•••..•••......... 15
§ 37.001. Definition ....................................................................................................................... 15
§ 37.002. Short Title, Construction, Interpretation ......................................................................... 15
§ 37.003. Power of Courts to Render Judgment; Form and Effect.. ............................................... 15
§ 37.004. Subject Matter of Relief ................................................................................................. 15
§ 37.005. Declarations Relating to Trust or Estate ......................................................................... 15
§ 37.0055. Declarations Relating to Liability for Sales and Use Taxes of Another State ............... 16
§ 37.006. Parties ............................................................................................................................. 16
§ 37.007. Jury Trial ........................................................................................................................ 16
§ 37.008. Court Refusal to Render ................................................................................................. 16
§ 37.009. Costs ................................................................................ ...................... ......................... 16
§ 37.010. Review .............. .. ............................................................................................................ 16
§ 37.011. Supplemental Relief ....................................................................................................... 16
Title 4. Liability in Tort ................................................................................................ 16
Chapter 71. Wrongful Death; Survival; Injuries Occurring Out of State ........... 16
SUbchapter A. Wrongful Death ........................................................................................................... 17
§ 71.001. Definitions ................................................................................. ....................... .............. 17
§ 71 .002. Cause of Action ....................................................................... ............................. .......... 17
§ 71.003. Application; Certain Conduct Excepted ......................................................................... 17
§ 71.004. Benefiting From and Bringing Action ............................................................................ 17
§ 71.005. Evidence Relating to Marital Status .................................................................... .... ....... 18
§ 71 .0055. Evidence of Pregnancy ............................................................. ..... ........... .................... 18
§ 71.006. Effect of Felonious Act ......................................... ......................................................... 18
§ 71.007. Ineffective Agreement .................................................................................................... 18
§ 71.008. Death of Defendant.. ........................................................................................ ............... 18
§ 71 .009. Exemplary Damages ........................................................................... ............................ 18
§ 71.010. Award and Apportionment of Damages ......................................................................... 18
§ 71.011. Damages Not Subject to Debts ................................................. ...................................... 18
§ 71.012. Qualification of Foreign Personal Representative ........................................... ............... 18
Subchapter B. Survival ......................................................................................................... ............... 18
§ 71.021. Survival of Cause of Action ........................................................................................... 18
§ 71.022. Qualification of Foreign Personal Representative .......................................................... 18
SUbchapter C. Death or Injury Caused by Act or Omission Out of State ............................................ 18
§ 71.031. Act or Omission Out of State ............ .:.................................................................. ......... 19
Chapter 84. Charitable Immunity and Liability .................................................... 19
§ 84.001.
§ 84.002.
§ 84.003.
§ 84.004.
Name of Act ........................ ........................................ ................................ ................... 19
Findings and Purposes .................................................................................................... 19
Definitions ................................ ...................................................................................... 19
Volunteer Liability ......................................................................................................... 21
Xl
CONTENTS
§ 84.005. Employee Liability ......................................................................................................... 21
§ 84.006. Organization Liability .................................................................................................... 21
§ 84.0061. Organizational Liability for Transportation Services Provided to Certain
Welfare Recipients ............ ........................ ................................................................. 22
§ 84.0065. Organization Liability of Hospitals .......... .................................................................... 22
§ 84.007. Applicability ................ ................................................................................................... 22
§ 84.008. Severability ................................................................... ......................... ......................... 23
Title 6. Miscellaneous Provisions ................................................................................. 23
Chapter 133. Presumption of Death ........................................................................ 23
§ 133 .001 . Seven-Year Absence ............... ............. ......................................... .......................... ..... 23
§ 133.002. Armed Services Certificate of Death ............................................................................ 23
§ 133.003. Restoration of Estate ....................................................................... ............. ......... ... ..... 23
Chapter 137. Declaration for Mental Health Treatment....................................... 23
§ 137.001. Definitions .............. ........... .................................. .................................... ..................... 24
§ 137.002. Persons Who May Execute Declaration for Mental Health Treatment; Period
of Validity ............: ............... ................................ ........................ .............................. 24
§ 137.003. Execution and Witnesses .............................................. ... ............................................. 24
§ 137.004. Health Care Provider to Act in Accordance With Declaration for Mental
Health Treatment. ...................................................................................... ................. 25
§ 137.005. Limitation on Liability ........... .......................... ..................... ....................................... 25
§ 137.006. Discrimination Relating to Execution of Declaration for Mental Health
Treatment .... ...................................................... .. ....................................................... 25
§ 137.007. Use and Effect of Declaration for Mental Health Treatment .................... .. .................. 25
§ 137.008. Disregard of Declaration for Mental Health Treatment.. .............................................. 25
§ 137.009. Conflicting or Contrary Provisions ............................ .. ............................ ..... ................ 26
§ 137.010. Revocation ................ ........................... ......................................................................... 26
§ 137.011. Form of Declaration for Mental Health Treatment.. ........... ........................... ............... 26
III. Constitution of the State of Texas ..................................................... 29
Article I. Bill of Rights .................................................................................................. 29
Article I, § 21. Corruption of blood; forfeiture of estate; descent in case of suicide ...................... 29
Article I, § 26. Perpetuities and monopolies; primogeniture or entailments ............. ...................... 29
Article XVI. General Provisions .................................................................................. 29
Article XVI, § 15. Separate and community property of husband and wife .. ................................. 29
Article XVI, § 49. Protection of personal property from forced sale ........................... ................... 30
Article XVI, § 50. Homestead; protection from forced sale; mortgages, trust deeds and
liens ............................................................................................................................ 31
Article XVI, § 51 . Amount of homestead; uses .......... .. ......................... .................................... ..... 39
Article XVI, § 52. Descent and distribution of homestead; restrictions on partition ...................... 39
xii
CONTENTS
IV. Code of Criminal Procedure ............................................................. 41
Title 1. Limitation and Venue ......•.•...•.•........................................................................ 41
Chapter Twelve. Limitation ..................................................................................... 41
Art. 12.01. [177-180] [225-228] [215-218] Felonies ..... ................................................................. 41
V. Evidence Rules ..................................................................................... 43
Article VI. Witnesses ....................•........................................................................•....... 43
Rule 601. Competency and Incompetency of Witnesses ............................................................... 43
Article VII. Opinions and Expert Testimony ...•....••...............................................•.•. 43
Rule 704. Opinion on Ultimate Issue ............................................................................................. 43
VI. Family Code ........................................................................................ 45
Title 1. The Marriage Relationship ...................................•...•..................................... 45
Subtitle A. Marriage ..................................................................................................... 45
Chapter 2. The Marriage Relationship ......................•............................................ 45
Subchapter D. Validity of Marriage ....... ...... ........................................................................................ 45
§ 2.301. Fraud, Mistake, or Illegality in Obtaining License ........................................................... 45
§ 2.302. Ceremony Conducted by Unauthorized Person ........ ...... .......... ........................................ 45
Subchapter E. Marriage Without Formalities ............................................................................ .......... 45
§ 2.401.
§ 2.402.
§ 2.403 .
§ 2.404.
§ 2.405.
Proof of Informal Marriage ............................ ........................................................ ..... ..... 45
Declaration and Registration of Informal Marriage .......................................................... 45
Proof of Identity and Age ................................................................................................ . 46
Recording of Declaration of Informal Marriage .. ..................................... ........................ 46
Violation by County Clerk; Penalty .................... ................ ............................................. 46
Subchapter F. Rights and Duties of Spouses ............................................................................... ........ 47
§2.50l . Duty to Support ............................. ........................................... .................................. ...... 47
Subtitle B. Property Rights and Liabilities ................................................................. 47
Chapter 3. Marital Property Rights and Liabilities .............................................. 47
Subchapter A. General Rules for Separate and Community Property ................. ............... ................. 47
§ 3.001 .
§ 3.002.
§ 3.003.
§ 3.004.
§ 3.005.
§ 3.006.
Separate Property ................................................................................................. ............ 47
Community Property .................................................................................................... .... 47
Presumption of Community Property ....................................... ................................ ........ 47
Recordation of Separate Property ...................................................................... ............... 47
Gifts Between Spouses ...................................................................................... ............... 47
Proportional Ownership of Property by Marital Estates ................................................... 47
xiii
CONTENTS
§ 3.007. Property Interest In Certain Employee Benefits ..... ... .. .... .. ..... ... ............. ............. ............. 47
§ 3.008. Property Interest In Certain Insurance Proceeds ... ........... .. ... .. ............ ....... .. ..................... 48
SUbchapter B. Management, Control, and Disposition of Marital Property .. .... .. .... ... .... .......... ...... ..... 48
§ 3.l01.
§ 3.102.
§ 3.103.
§ 3.104.
Managing Separate Property ............... ........ .. .. .. ..... .. ........................... .. ...... ........ .. .. .... ..... 48
Managing Community Property ..... .. .. ............. .. .. ..... .. .... ... ......... .. ..... .. ...... .. .... .. ........ .. .. ... 48
Managing Earnings of Minor .......... .. .. ........ .. ..... ............ ... .... .. .. .... ... .. ...... ......... .. .. .... ..... .. 48
Protection of Third Persons .... .... ...... .. .. .. ... ..... ... ......... .. ... .. .... .. ............................ ......... .... 49
Subchapter C. Marital Property Liabilities ... .. .. ......... ........ .. .......................................... .... ... .. ............. 49
§ 3.201. Spousal Liability....... ........... .. .. ... .. .. .................. .................. ........... ,............... .............. ..... 49
§ 3.202. Rules of Marital Property Liability .... ........ ... .... .. ...... .......... ............ .. .............. ........ .. ........ 49
§ 3.203. Order in Which Property is Subject to Execution .. ........... .. ...... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .. ......... .. .... .. . 49
SUbchapter D. Management, Control, and Disposition of Marital Property Under Unusual
Circumstances .. ... .... ... ...... ... ....... .. ..... ...... ..... ............. .... ...... .. ............ .. .... ..... ... ..... .. ... ...... 49
§ 3.301.
§ 3.302.
§ 3.303.
§ 3.304.
§ 3.305.
§ 3.306.
Missing, Abandoned, or Separated Spouse .......................... .. ...... .. ............... ... ... .. ............ 49
Spouse Missing on Public Service .. .................... .. .... ...... .. .. ............... .. ..... ............... .... .. ... 50
Appointment of Attorney ........ .. ... .. ...... .. ..... ... ....... .. ............... .. ........ ... .. .......... .. .... .... ....... 50
Notice of Hearing; Citation ..... .. .................. ...... .. .. .......... ... ..... .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .......... .. .. .. ..... 50
Citation by Publication .. ......................... .. .. ...... ........................ .. .... .... .. .... .. .. ............... .. ... 50
Court Order for Management, Control, and Disposition of Community Property ....... ... .. 50
§ 3.307. Continuing Jurisdiction of Court; Vacating Original Order.... ..... .................... .. ... ............ 50
§ 3.308. Recording Order to Affect Real Property ... .. .. .. ...... ..... .. .. .. ....... .. .... .. .... .. ...... .. .... .... .......... 50
§ 3.309. Remedies Cumulative ...... .. .... .. ....................... .. .. .. ....... .. .. ....... .. ...... ... .. ... .. ........... ..... ...... .. 51
Subchapter E. Equitable Interest of Community Estate in Enhanced Value of Separate
Property .. .. ...... .. ..................................... .. ................ ... .............................. ..... ..... .......... ... 51
§ 3.401 . Definitions ........ ..... .... ... .............................. .. ..... .. .... ...... .......... .. ........ ... ...... .. .............. ... .. . 51
§ 3.402. Economic Contribution ....................... .. ........... .. .. .. ..... .. .... .............. ..... .. .. .... .. .......... .. .. .... 51
Claim Based on Economic Contribution .. .. .. ............................ .. ...... .. ..... .. .. .... ............. .... 51
Application of Inception of Title Rule; Ownership Interest Not Created .. .. ........ .. ........... 52
Management Rights ... ... .... .... .... ................... .... .... .. ... .. ...... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. ..... .................... 52
Equitable Lien .. .............. ..... .. .... .. .. .................. ...... .... .. .. .. ... ........ .. .. .... ..... .. .. .... .. ..... .. ........ 52
Offsetting Claims .. .... ... ...... .. .. .... .. ... ...... .. .. .... .. .. ...... .... .. ...... .... ... ...... ......... .... .. .......... .. ..... 52
Claim for Reimbursement .. .. .. ..... ...... ...... ... ....................... ... .. ..... .... ...... .. .. .. .. ...... .. ...... ..... 52
§ 3.409. Nonreimbursable Claims .. ...... .. ......... .................. ... ....... .. .. ...... .. .. ..................... .. ... .... ...... . 53
§ 3.410. Effect of Marital Property Agreements .... .... ......... .. ..... .. ...... .. .. .. ...... ... ............ ............ ..... 53
§ 3.403.
§ 3.404.
§ 3.405.
§ 3.406.
§ 3.407.
§ 3.408.
Chapter 4. Premarital and Marital Property Agreements .................................... 53
Subchapter A. Uniform Premarital Agreement Act.. .. .... ... ...... .. ........ .. ........................ ........ .. ....... .... ... 53
§ 4.001 .
§ 4.002.
§ 4.003.
§ 4.004.
§ 4.005.
§ 4.006.
Definitions ......... ..... ................... ...... ..... ................... ...... .............. ... .... .. ... ..... ....... .. .... ....... 53
Formalities .... ......... .... ... ..... ........ .... ....... ... .... .. ..... .. .. ..... ......... .... ... ... .... ...... ... ... ............. ... .. 53
Content .......................... ..... .. ..... .. .. .. ....... .. ... .... .... ... .. ..... .. ............ .... ....... .......... ... ... .......... 53
Effect of Marriage ....................... ... ............ ..... ....... ........ .. ............ ...... ..... ... .... .. .... .. .. .. ...... 53
Amendment or Revocation .. ...... .... ... .......... ......... .. ... ... ....... ... .... ........ ......... .. .. .. ................ 53
Enforcement ... ..... ....................... ... .... .. .... .................. ... .. ... ....... ..... ................... .. .. ..... ....... 54
§ 4.007. Enforcement: Void Marriage .... ... ..... ............... .. .. ... .................... .... ......... ....... .. ... .... ... ...... 54
§ 4.008. Limitation of Actions ... ......... .. ..... .. ..... .. ............... .. ... .... .... ... ...................... .. ...... ............. . 54
§ 4.009. Application and Construction .. .. .. ........ .. .... .. .... ... .......... .............. .. .. .. ....... .... ..................... 54
xiv
CONTENTS
§ 4.010. Short Title ....... ............ .......... ...... ........ ....................... ............... ................... ............. ........ 54
Subchapter B. Marital Property Agreement.. ...................................... .. ... ........................ ......... ........... 54
§ 4.101 . Definition .................... ............ .. ................................... .......................... ......... .. ............ ... 54
§ 4.102. Partition or Exchange of Community Property .... .................. .............. .............. ............ .. 54
§ 4.103 . Agreement Between Spouses Concerning Income or Property From Separate
Property ..... ......................................... ................................... ......................... ...... ...... 54
§ 4.104. Formalities ..... ....... ........... ... .......................................... ............ .. .. ........ ....... ...... ... .... ... .... . 54
§ 4.10S. Enforcement .. ............................................................... .. .......... ................... ................ .. ... 54
§ 4.106. Rights of Creditors and Recordation Under Partition or Exchange Agreement.. .............. 55
Subchapter C. Agreement to Convert Separate Property to Community Property ............................... 55
§ 4.201.
§ 4.202.
§ 4.203.
§ 4.204.
§ 4.20S.
§ 4.206.
Definition ............. .......................... ........ ................... .. ... .. .................................. .............. 55
Agreement to Convert to Community Property .......... .. .................................. .. .......... .. .... 55
Formalities of Agreement... ............................................. .. .. .. .. .... ....... .. .. ............... ........... 55
Management of Converted Property .... ............................................................ .... .......... .. . 55
Enforcement ..................................................................................... ...... .. ......... .. ............. 55
Rights of Creditors; Recording ...................................................... .. .................... ............. 56
Chapter 5. Homestead Rights .................................................................................. 56
SUbchapter A. Sale of Homestead; General Rule .................. .. .............. .............. .......... .... .... ...... ........ 56
§ 5.001. Sale, Conveyance, or Encumbrance of Homestead .................. ...... .......... .................. ...... 56
§ 5.002. Sale of Separate Homestead After Spouse Judicially Declared Incapacitated ................ .. 56
§ 5.003. Sale of Community Homestead After Spouse Judicially Declared Incapacitated .... ......... 56
Subchapter B. Sale of Homestead Under Unusual Circumstances ...................................................... 57
§ 5.101. Sale of Separate Homestead Under Unusual Circumstances .... .................. .. .................... 57
§ 5.102. Sale of Community Homestead Under Unusual Circumstances .......... ............................. 57
Time for Filing Petition .......................................... .. ........................................................ 57
Appointment of Attorney .... .. ...................................... .......... .................................... .... ... 57
Citation; Notice of Hearing .................................................................. .... .... .............. ...... 57
Court Order ................................................... ........... ......... ............. ..... ............................ . 57
Renumbered as Farnily Code § 5.003 ................ ............ .......................... ......................... 57
Remedies and Powers Cumulative ................ .. ............ .. .. .................... ................ .. ........... 57
§ 5.103.
§ 5.104.
§ 5.10S.
§ 5.106.
§ 5.107.
§ 5.108.
Subtitle C. Dissolution of Marriage ............................................................................. 58
Chapter 6. Suit for Dissolution of Marriage ........................................................... 58
Subchapter B. Grounds for Annulment.. ......................... .. ............. .................................. .................... 58
§ 6.111 Death of Party to Voidable Marriage ...................... ............ .................. ............................. 58
Chapter 7. Award of Marital Property ................................................................... 58
§ 7.001. General Rule of Property Division .................. ............ .. .................... .............. .. ............... 58
Division of Property Under Special Circumstances ................................................ ........ . 58
Disposition of Retirement and Employment Benefits and Other Plans ............................ 58
Disposition of Rights in Insurance ............ .................................................... ...... ............. 58
Insurance Coverage Not Specifically Awarded .. .. .. .... .. ........ .. .......................................... 59
Agreement Incident to Divorce or Annulment .......................... .................. .. .. .. .. .... .. ....... 59
Disposition of Claim for Economic Contribution or Claim for Reimbursement .............. 59
§ 7.002.
§ 7.003.
§ 7.004.
§ 7.00S.
§ 7.006.
§ 7.007.
xv
CONTENTS
Chapter 9. Post-Decree Proceedings ....................................................................... 59
Subchapter D. Disposition of Undivided Beneficial Interest ............... ..... ........................ ........... ... ..... 59
§ 9.301. Pre-Decree Designation of Ex-Spouse as Beneficiary of Life Insurance ........................ .. 60
§ 9.302. Pre-Decree Designation of Ex-Spouse as Beneficiary in Retirement Benefits
and Other Financial Plans ............... ..................................... ...................... .. ...... ........ 60
Title 2. Child in Relation to the Family ....................................................................... 60
Subtitle A. Limitations of Minority ............................................................................. 60
Chapter 31. Removal of Disabilities of Minority ..............•....•.•....•...•...........•......... 60
§ 31.001. Requirements ....................................... ................ ............................................ ............... 61
§ 31. 002. Requisites of Petition; Verification ...................... ...... ..... ... .. ................. .. ....................... 61
§ 31.003.
§ 31.004.
§ 31 .005.
§ 31.006.
§ 31.007.
Venue ............ ...... ..................................... ............. ......................................................... 61
Guardian Ad Litem ................................ ............................................ ............................. 61
Order ...... ......... ................. ..................................................... ......................................... 61
Effect of General Removal ............................................................................................. 61
Registration of Order of Another State or Nation ...... ............... .. .............. ...................... 61
Chapter 32. Consent to Treatment of Child by Non-Parent or Child .................. 61
Subchapter A. Consent to Medical, Dental, Psychological, and Surgical Treatment.. ......................... 61
§ 32.001 .
§ 32.002.
§ 32.003.
§ 32.004.
§ 32.005.
Consent by Non-Parent. ................................................................................................. . 61
Consent Form ..................................................................................... ................. ........ ... 62
Consent to Treatment by Child ....................................................................................... 62
Consent to Counseling ................. ............ .... .. .. ............................. ... ...... ............. ........... . 63
Examination Without Consent or Abuse or Neglect of Child ............ .................... ......... 63
Subchapter B. Inununization ........................................ ............. .. ........................................ .. .. ............ 63
§ 32.1 01. Who May Consent to Inununization of Child ...................................... .. .... ..................... 63
§ 32.102. Informed Consent to Inununization ................................................ ................................ 64
§ 32.103. Limited Liability for Inununization ................................................................................ 64
§ 32.104. Renumbered .............................................. ..................................................................... 64
§ 32.105. Repealed . ........... ..... ........................... ...................... ....................................................... 64
Title 5. The Parent-Child Relationship and the Suit Affecting the ParentChild Relationship ........................................................................................ 64
Subtitle B. Suits Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship ........................................ 64
Chapter 154. Child Support ..................................................................................... 64
Subchapter A. Court-Ordered Child Support .......... ..... .. ........................................ .............................. 64
§ 154.005. Payments of Support Obligation by Trust .. .. ...................... .......................................... 64
§ 154.015 . Acceleration of Unpaid Child Support Obligation....................................... ................. 65
§ 154.016. Provision of Support in Event of Death ofParent.. ....................................................... 65
XVI
CONTENTS
Chapter 160. Uniform Parentage Act...................................................................... 66
Subchapter A. Application and Construction....................................................................................... 66
§ 160.001. Application and Construction ....................................................................................... 66
§ 160.002. Conflicts Between Provisions ....................................................................................... 66
Subchapter B. General Provisions ......... .............................................................................................. 66
§ 160.101 .
§ 160.102.
§ 160.103.
§ 160.104.
§ 160.105.
§ 160.106.
Short Title ............................................................................... ...................................... 66
Definitions ....................................................................... ............................................. 66
Scope of Chapter; Choice of Law ................................................................................. 67
Authorized Courts ........................................................................................................ 67
Protection of Participants .......... .................................................................................... 67
Determination of Maternity ........... ............................................................................... 67
Subchapter C. Parent-Child Relationship ... .................................. ............. ............................. ....... ...... 67
§ 160.201.
§ 160.202.
§ 160.203.
§ 160.204.
Establishment of Parent-Child Relationship ................................................................. 67
No Discrimination Based on Marital Status ................................................................. 67
Consequences of Establishment of Parentage ............................................................... 67
Presumption of Paternity .............. ................................................................................ 68
Subchapter D. Voluntary Acknowledgment of Paternity ..................................................................... 68
§ 160.301.
§ 160.302.
§ 160.303.
§ 160.304.
§ 160.305.
§ 160.306.
§ 160.307.
§ 160.308.
§ 160.309.
§ 160.310.
§ 160.311.
§ 160.312.
§ 160.313.
§ 160.314.
§ 160.315.
§ 160.316.
Acknowledgment of Paternity ...................................................................................... 68
Execution of Acknowledgment of Paternity .... ............................................................. 68
Denial of Paternity ........................................................................................................ 68
Rules for Acknowledgment and Denial of Paternity ............................................ .. ...... 69
Effect of Acknowledgment or Denial of Paternity ....................................................... 69
Filing Fee Not Required ........................................................................................... .... 69
Proceeding for Rescission ............................................................................................ 69
Challenge After Expiration of Period for Rescission .................................................... 69
Procedure for Rescission or Challenge ......................................................................... 69
Ratification Barred ....................................................................................................... 70
Full Faith and Credit.. ................................................................................................... 70
Forms for Acknowledgment and Denial ofPatemity ................................................... 70
Release of Information ............................ ..................................................................... 70
Adoption of Rules ......................................................................................................... 70
Memorandum of Understanding ................................................................................... 70
Suit to Contest Voluntary Statement of Paternity ......................................................... 70
Subchapter E. Registry of Paternity ............. .......................................................................................... 71
§ 160.401.
§ 160.402.
§ 160.403.
§ 160.404.
§ 160.411.
§ 160.412.
§ 160.413.
§ 160.414.
§ 160.415.
§ 160.416.
§ 160.421.
§ 160.422.
Establishment of Registry ............... .............................................................................. 71
Registration for Notification ............. .. .......................................................................... 71
Notice of Proceeding .................................................................................................... 71
Termination of Parental Rights: Failure to Register ..................................................... 71
Required Form .......................... .............. ...................................................................... 71
Fumishing of Information; Confidentiality .................................................................. 71
Offense: Unauthorized Release of Information ............................................................ 72
Rescission of Registration ............................................................................................ 72
Untimely Registration .................................................................................................. 72
Fees for Registry .......................................................................................................... 72
Search of Appropriate Registry .................................................................................... 72
Certificate of Search of Registry ........ .......................................................................... 72
xvii
CONTENTS
§ 160.423. Admissibility of Certificate ...... ............. .. ...... ............ .. .. .......... ........... ........ .. ........ .... .... 72
Subchapter F. Genetic Testing .... ... ...... ... ................. .... ... .............. .. ....... ...... .............. ...................... .... 72
§ 160.501 . Application of Subchapter .. .. ...... .. .... .... ..... .... ............. ..... ............ ...... ....... ....... ....... ..... . 73
§ 160.502. Order for Testing ..... .. ........... .. .... ... ....................... ...... .... ......................... .. .... .... ... ........ 73
§ 160.503. Requirements for Genetic Testing .... ................. ......... .. ... ..... ........................................ 73
§ 160.504. Report of Genetic Testing.............. .... .. ......... .......................................... .... ...... ....... .. .. . 73
§ 160.505. Genetic Testing Results; Rebuttal.. ... .... .. ... ................... ........ ....... .... .. .................. ......... 73
§ 160.506. Costs of Genetic Testing.......................... .. ............................................. ... ............ .. ..... 74
§ 160.507. Additional Genetic Testing ................. .. .......... .. ............................... .. ..... .. ............. .... ... 74
§ 160.508. Genetic Testing When All Individuals Not Available ...... ................ .... ...... .. ............ .... 74
§ 160.509. Deceased Individual .. ............................................................. ... .. .. ............. ... ......... .. .... 74
§ 160.510. Identical Brothers ... .... .. .. ..................... .... ...... ..... ............ .................. ............. ... ............ 74
§ 160.511. Offense: Unauthorized Release of Specimen ............................... .... ............................. 74
Subchapter G. Proceeding to Adjudicate Parentage ....... ... ......... ... ..... .. ..... .. ............. ........ .. .. .... .. .... ...... 74
§ 160.601. Proceeding Authorized; Rules of Procedure ................................................................. 74
§ 160.602. Standing to Maintain Proceeding ................................................. .. ...................... .... ..... 74
§ 160.603 . Necessary Parties to Proceeding ................................................................................... 75
§ 160.604. Personal Jurisdiction ...... .................. .. ... .. .......... ..... ... .. .................. .......... .............. .. ...... 75
§ 160.605. Venue .................................... ........ .. ............................................................ ................. 75
§ 160.606. No Time Limitation: Child Having No Presumed, Acknowledged, or
Adjudicated Father ..... ...... ..... ...................... .. ......... ............. ... ......... .. ... ...... .. .. ... ......... 75
§ 160.607. Time Limitation: Child Having Presumed Father. .... .... .......... .. .... .. .. ............ ........ .. .. .. .. 75
§ 160.608. Authority to Deny Motion for Genetic Testing .. .... ........ .................. .. .......................... 75
§ 160.609. Time Limitation: Child Having Acknowledged or Adjudicated Father ................... ..... 76
§ 160.610. Joinder of Proceedings .................................................................................................. 76
§ 160.611. Proceedings Before Birth............ .. .. .... .. ................ .. ..... .. .. .... ..... ........ .................. .. .. ...... 76
§ 160.612. Child as Party; Representation .. .... .... ........................... .. ........ ..... ..... ...... .... .... .... ...... ..... 76
§ 160.621. Admissibility of Results of Genetic Testing; Expenses .................................... ...... ...... 76
§ 160.622. Consequences of Declining Genetic Testing .............. .. .. .. ..... .. ............. .......... .. ............ 77
§ 160.623. Admission of Paternity Authorized ....... ................... ................................... ...... ........... 77
§ 160.624. Temporary Order ... .. ..... ... .. .......... ................. ... ...... ....... .. ... ..... .... .... .. ................. ........... 77
§ 160.631. Rules for Adjudication of Paternity .............................................................................. 77
§ 160.632. Jury Prohibited ........... .... .... .. .. ... .................. .. .... .. ........................................... .. ...... ...... 77
§ 160.633. Hearings; Inspection of Records .. .. ......................... ...... ........................................ .. ...... 77
§ 160.634. Order on Default.. .................... ............ .... .. ................................. .. ............................ .... 77
§ 160.635. Dismissal for Want of Prosecution ................................. .................................. ........ .... 77
§ 160.636. Order Adjudicating Parentage; Costs ...... .... .................................... ..... ....... ........... ...... 77
§ 160.637. Binding Effect of Determination of Parentage ...... .. ... .. ........ ...... ............. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. .... 78
Subchapter H. Child of Assisted Reproduction ........ .. ..................................................................... .. .. 78
§ 160.701. Scope of Subchapter ................ .. .......... .. .. ............ .................... .......... ............ .. .... .. ....... 79
§ 160.702. Parental Status of Donor ...... .............. ........... .. .. ......... ........... ......................... ............... 79
§ 160.703. Husband's Paternity of Child of Assisted Reproduction .............................................. 79
§ 160.7031. Unmarried Man's Paternity of Child of Assisted Reproduction ................................. 79
§ 160.704. Consent to Assisted Reproduction .. ........ .... .... ............................... ......... .. .................... 79
§ 160.705. Limitation on Husband's Dispute ofPatemity .................. .. .. ................. .... .. ...... .......... 79
§ 160.706. Effect of Dissolution of Marriage ............................... .. .... .... ........................... .. .. ...... ... 79
§ 160.707. Parental Status of Deceased Spouse ................. .. .................. ..... .... .. ............................. 79
XVlll
CONTENTS
Subchapter L Gestational Agreements .......... ... ........ .. ....... ... ...... .. .......... ...... ...... ....... ...... .... .. ........ ..... .. 79
§ 160.751 .
§ 160.752.
§ 160.753 .
§ 160.754.
§ 160.755.
§ 160.756.
§ 160.757.
§ 160.758.
§ 160.759.
§ 160.760.
§ 160.76l.
§ 160.762.
§ 160.763 .
Definition ........ .. .. .. ..... ... ...... .... ......... ........ .. ... ..... ... ... .. ... .................. .. ....... ... ...... ........... 80
Scope of Subchapter; Choice of Law .. .. .. .... ...... ....... .. ........ .. .. .. .. .................... .............. 80
Establishment of Parent-Child Relationship ...... ........... .. ........ .................. ............. .. ..... 80
Gestational Agreement Authorized ...... .. .......... ........ .. .. ............ .. .. .. .... ....... .. .. .. .. ........... 80
Petition to Validate Gestational Agreement... .. ............ ..................... .. .......... ........... .. ... 80
Hearing to Validate Gestational Agreement.. .. .......... ................................ .. .... .. ........... 81
Inspection of Records ........... ........... ....... ................. .... ........ .... .. ......... .. .. .. .......... .... .... .. 81
Continuing, Exclusive lurisdiction ...................... .. .. .... ...... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. ............... 81
Termination of Gestational Agreement .......... .. .. .. .................................... .... .. .. ...... .. .... 81
Parentage Under Validated Gestational Agreement .......... .. .. .................. ..................... 81
Effect of Gestational Mother' s Marriage After Validation of Agreement .. ............ ...... 82
Effect of Gestational Agreement that Is Not Validated .............. .................... ........ ...... 82
Health Care Facility Reporting Requirement... .... .......................... .. ........................ .. .. . 82
Chapter 161. Termination ofthe Parent-Child Relationship ............................... 82
Subchapter C. Hearing and Order .......... .. .... .... ............... ... .. .. .. .. .. .............. ....... ........... .. ....... ....... ..... ... 82
§ 16l.206. Order Terminating Parental Rights ............ .............. ...... .. ....... .. ...................... .............. 82
§ 16l.206l. Terms Regarding Limited Post-Termination Contact... .. .... .............. .. .. .. ........... .. ....... 82
§ 161.2062. Provision for Limited Contact Between Biological Parent and Child.... .. .. ...... ........... 83
Chapter 162. Adoption ............................................................................................. 83
Subchapter A. Adoption of a Child... .. .... ... .. ......... ..... .. .... ....... .......... .. ....... ...... .......... ..... .. ......... ... ....... 83
§ 162.00l. Who May Adopt and be Adopted .............. .. ........ .... ...... ................. .... .. .. .. ............ .. ...... 83
§ 162.002. Prerequisites to Petition ..................... ....... ... ... ..... .. .... .. ... ...... .. ... ... .. ... ..... ............. .. ..... .. 83
§ 162.0025. Adoption Sought by Military Service Member.. ........ .. ........ ...... ............ ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 83
§ 162.003. Pre-Adoptive and Post-Placement Social Studies ..................... ...... ............... .. ............. 84
§ 162.004. Repealed . .... ... .. .... .... .... .. .......... ... .... ... ..... ...... .. ...... ......... .... ...... ...... .. .. ......... .. ... ........... .. 84
§ 162.0045. Preferential Setting ... ......... ...... .......... ....... .... .... .... .. ....... ........ .. ............... ..... .. ... .. ...... .. 84
§ 162.005 . Preparation of Health, Social, Educational, and Genetic History Report .......... .......... .. 84
§ 162.006. Right to Examine Records .. .. .. ................................ .... .... .... ........ ........ ...... .............. ...... 84
§ 162.0065. Editing Adoption Records in Department Placement .......... .. .... .. ...... .. .............. .. .... .. . 85
§ 162.007. Contents of Health, Social, Educational, and Genetic History Report .................... .. .... 85
§ 162.008. Filing of Health, Social, Educational, and Genetic History Report ........ ...... .. ........ ...... 85
§ 162.0085 . Criminal History Report Required .. ............ ........ .. ........ .. ...... .. .... .. ...... ....... .... .. ........... 85
§ 162.009. Residence With Petitioner ........ .. ...... .. .. ................................ ............ ........ ..... .. ...... .. .. ... 86
§ 162.010. Consent Required .. ... .......... .. .... .. .. .. .......... ....... ........... .. .. .. ... .... ........ ............. ................ 86
§ 162.01l. Revocation of Consent .................. .. ........ .......... ........... ...... ............. .. .............. .. ........... 86
§ 162.0l2. Direct or Collateral Attack .. .. .......... ........... ............................................ .. .................... 86
§ 162.013 . Abatement or Dismissal... ......... ....... ...... ...... ........ .. ............ ....... ........ .. ............ ..... .. .. .. .. . 86
§ 162.014. Attendance at Hearing Required ........ .. .. .... ....... ............... ........................................... .. 86
§ 162.015. Race or Ethnicity ................................ .. ............... .... ........................... .. .. .. ........... ......... 86
§ 162.016. Adoption Order. .......... .. ..... ...... ......... .... ............. ............ .. ........... ... ............ ......... ...... .... 86
§ 162.oI 7. Effect of Adoption .. .. ...... ...... ................................ .. ........ ........................ ............ .. .. .. .... 86
§ 162.018. Access to Information ........ ... ... ... .. ............. .. .. .. ............. .. ...... ........... ... ....... .. ..... .... .. .. .... 87
§ 162.019. Copy of Order ................ .. .. .. ......... .. .. .. .... ........... ...... ..... ............. ...... ..... .. .. ............ ........ 87
§ 162.020. Withdrawal or Denial of Petition .... ................ ...... ....... ...... .. .......... ...... .. ....................... 87
§ 162.021. Sealing File ... ..... .......... ........ .. ................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... ... ..... .. .... ......... ....... ... .......... ..... ... 87
§ 162.022 . Confidentiality Maintained by Clerk ........ .... ........ ...... ...... .......... ........ ........................ .. 87
§ 162.023. Adoption Order From Foreign Country .......... ....................... .. ...................................... 87
xix
CONTENTS
§ 162.025. Placement by Unauthorized Person; Offense ...... ........ .................................................. 87
Subchapter F. Adoption of an Adult ...... ........ ...... ...................... .... ..... ..... .... ..... ........ .................... .. .. .. . 88
§ 162.501 .
§ 162.502.
§ 162.503.
§ 162.504.
§ 162.505.
§ 162.506.
§ 162.507.
Adoption of Adult.. ............ .................................... ................. .. ......... ........................... 88
Jurisdiction ...................... .......................... ... .... ........................... .. ............................... 88
Requirements of Petition .................... ....................... ... ... .................. ................ .... ....... 88
Consent ............................... ............. ...... ........................ .................... ... ........................ 88
Attendance Required ........ ...... ...... .. ........... .. .... ... .... ....... ............ ............................. ...... 88
Adoption Order.. ... .................. ...... .. .................................. .................. .......................... 88
Effect of Adoption ............ ............... .. .. .. ...... .. ......... ...... .. .............. .. .... ...... .. ........... ....... 88
VII. Finance Code ..................................................................................... 89
Title 3. Financial Institutions and Businesses ............................................................. 89
Subtitle A. Banks ........................................................................................................... 89
Chapter 32. Powers, Organization, and Financial Requirements ........................ 89
Subchapter A. Organization and Powers in GeneraL ............................ .. .. .......................... .. ...... .... .. .. 89
§ 32.001. Organization and General Powers of State Banlc. ...................................... .... ................ 89
Title 3. Financial Institutions And Businesses ............................................................ 89
Subtitle A. Banks ........................................................................................................... 89
Chapter 59. Miscellaneous Provisions ..................................................................... 89
Subchapter A. General Provisions ................ ............ .. ....................... .... ...... .................. ................. ..... 89
§ 59.004. Succession of Trust Powers ...... .............. .. ................................ ...... .. ............ ...... .... ........ 89
Subchapter B. Safe Deposit Boxes .................................... .... ........................ ........ .. .......... .... .. ............ 90
§ 59.101 .
§ 59.102.
§ 59.103.
§ 59.104.
§ 59.105.
§ 59.106.
§ 59.107.
§ 59.108.
§ 59.109.
§ 59.110.
Definition .... ....... ...... .......... ............................................................ .... ........................ .. .. 90
Authority to Act as Safe Deposit Company .. .. .................. .... .......................................... 90
Relationship of Safe Deposit Company and Renter ...................... .. .................. .............. 90
Delivery of Notice ........... ........ .. ...... ....... ..... ........................... ... ........ .. ... .... ......... ........... 90
Effect of Subchapter on Other Law ................ .... .... .. .. ...................... ............................ .. 90
Access by More Than One Person ...................................... ............................................ 90
Nonemergency Opening and Relocation ........ .......... .......... ............................................ 90
Emergency Opening and Relocation ............................ .... .... .............. .. .......... ................ 91
Delinquent Rental; Lien; Sale of Contents .................... ................................................. 91
Routing Number on Key .................................. .... .... .. ............................ ......................... 91
Subtitle F. Trust Companies ........................................................................................ 91
Chapter 182. Powers, Organization, and Financial Requirements ...................... 91
Subchapter A. Organization and Powers in GeneraL .. .. ............ .................................. .. ............ .......... 91
§ 182.001. Organization and General Powers of State Trust Company .................................. .. ..... 91
xx
CONTENTS
Subtitle Z. Miscellaneous Provisions Relating to Financial Institutions and
Businesses ....................................................................•................................. 92
Chapter 274. Substitute or Successor Fiduciary .................................................... 92
Subchapter A. General Provisions .................. ......................................................... ............................ 92
§ 274.001. Definitions ........... ................ ......................................................................................... 92
§ 274.002. Mfiliated Bank .............................................. ....... .............................................. .......... 92
§ 274.003. Subsidiary Trust Company ......................................... ................ ..... ............................. 93
Subchapter B. Subsidiary Trust Companies as Substitute or Successor Fiduciaries ......................... ... 93
§ 274.101. Agreement to Substitute Fiduciaries ........................................... .................................. 93
§ 274.102. Situs of Account Administration .............................................. .................................... 93
§ 274.103. Notice of Substitution ............................................................ .. ........................... .......... 93
§ 274.104.
§ 274.105.
§ 274.106.
§ 274.107.
§ 274.108.
§ 274.109.
§ 274.110.
§ 274.111.
§ 274.112.
§ 274.113.
§ 274.114.
§ 274.115.
§ 274.116.
Form of Notice of Substitution .......................................................... ..................... ...... 93
Failure to Send Notice of Substitution; Defective Notice ....................... ...................... 93
Effective Date of Substitution of Fiduciaries ......... ............................... ........................ 94
Hearing on Agreement to Substitute Fiduciaries .......................................................... 94
Subsidiary Trust Company as Substitute Fiduciary ...................................................... 94
Notice of Change in Situs of Administration of Fiduciary Account Following
Substitution .......................... ................ ........................ ...... .. ...................................... 94
Failure to Send Notice of Change in Situs of Administration ....................... ................ 94
Effective Date of Change in Situs of Administration of Fiduciary Account... .............. 94
Hearing on Change in Situs of Administration of Fiduciary Account ................... ....... 95
Venue ........................... .. .............................................................................................. 95
Subsidiary Trust Company as Successor Fiduciary ....... ................. ..................... ......... 95
Bond of Successor Fiduciary ................ .. ......................... .......... ................................... 95
Responsibility for Subsidiary Trust Company .......... ..... ... .. .......................................... 95
SUbchapter C. Banks Affiliated With Subsidiary Trust Companies ........ ................... ......... ................ 95
§ 274.201. Designation of Affiliated Bank as Fiduciary in Will ................................... ................. 95
§ 274.202. Liability of Mfiliated Bank Acting as Fiduciary .......................................................... 95
§ 274.203. Deposit of Money With Affiliated Bank ...................................................................... 96
Title 4. Regulation of Interest, Loans, and Financed Transactions ..................••...... 96
Subtitle A. Interest ........................................................................................................ 96
Chapter 302. Interest Rates ........................................•...•.........................•.•............. 96
Subchapter A. General Provisions ................................................. ................................................... ... 96
§ 302.002. Accrual of Interest When no Rate Specified ............... .................................................. 96
XXI
CONTENTS
VIII. Government Code ........................................................................... 97
Title 2. Judicial Branch ................................................................................................. 97
Subtitle G. Attorneys .................................................................................................... 97
Appendix A. State Bar Rules ........................................................................................ 97
Article X. Discipline and Suspension of Members ................................................ 97
Section 9. Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct.. .............. ............. ................................ 97
I. Client-Lawyer Relationship ........... .................................................. ...... ..... ............ ....... ... .. ........ ...... 97
Rule
Rule
Rule
Rule
1.02.
1.03.
1.05 .
1.08.
Scope and Objectives of Representation ...................... ................. ................................ 97
Communication ............ .... .. ............... ..... ...... .. ....... .. .. ....... .. ....... ...... ................ .............. 97
Confidentiality of Information ....... ... .................................... ..... ...... .. ....... .. .. ......... .. ..... 97
Conflict ofInterest: Prohibited Transactions .......... .. ....... ....... ................................. .. ... 98
Title 3. Legislative Branch ............................................................................................ 99
Subtitle B. Legislation ................................................................................................... 99
Chapter 311. Code Construction Act ...................................................................... 99
Subchapter A. General Provisions ................... .. .. .. .. ........ ...... ....... .. ................ ........... ...... ... ....... ... ....... 99
§311 .001 .
§ 311 .002.
§ 311.003 .
§ 311.004.
§ 311.005.
§ 311.006.
Short Title ........ ........... .... ........ .................... ........... .............................. ..................... .. .. 99
Application .................................... ............ .. ........... .. .......... .... ... .. ............... .................. 99
Rules Not Exclusive .......... .... .. .... ...................................... .............. ... ..... ..... ................ 99
Citation of Codes ......... .. ....................................... ........................... ......... .................. 100
General Definitions ................ ........ ............... ........... .... ....................... ............ ........ ... 100
Internal References ..... .... .............. ...... .. ................................... ................................... 100
Subchapter B. Construction of Words and Phrases ...... ............. ..... ........................ .. .. ............ .. .......... 100
§ 311 .011.
§ 311.012.
§ 311.013.
§ 311.014.
§ 311 .015 .
§ 311.016.
Common and Technical Usage of Words .. ............................... .. ................................ 100
Tense, Number, and Gender ............................ .......................... :.. .. .. .......................... 100
Authority and Quorum of Public Body ........ ... ........ .................................................... 100
Computation ofTime ........ ............. ......... .................... ............................................. .. 100
Reference to a Series ....... ...... ................. ................ ..... ........ ............................. .......... 100
"May," "Shall," "Must," etc . .............. ......... ...... .. ....................... .. ....... ........... ............ 101
Subchapter C. Construction of Statutes ....... ...... ............ .... ... ..... ... ........ ... ..... .... .. ...... ... .... .......... ........ 101
§ 311.021.
§ 311.022.
§ 311.023.
§ 31 1.024.
§ 311.025.
§ 311.026.
§ 311 .027.
§ 311.028.
§ 311 .029.
§ 311.030.
Intention in Enactment of Statutes .... .. .... .... .. .............................................................. 101
Prospective Operation of Statutes ......... ............. ...... ..................... ...................... ........ 101
Statute Construction Aids .......... .......... ....................... .... .................... ......... ............... 101
Headings ....... ....... .... .. ........ ........ .......... ....................................................................... 101
Irreconcilable Statutes and Amendments ... .............. ............ ..... ............... ....... ...... ...... 101
Special or Local Provision Prevails Over Genera!... ................................................... 101
Statutory References ........... ... ............... .... .... .. ............. .............. ........ .................. .. ..... 101
Uniform Construction of Uniform Acts .... ...... .................. ....... .... .. ............................. 102
Enrolled Bill Controls ............... .......... ................ ........... ............................................. 102
Repeal of Repealing Statute .......... .................................... .. .............. ......................... 102
XXli
CONTENTS
§ 311.031. Saving Provisions ........................... ................. ..................... ................ ... ............ ....... 102
§ 311.032. Severability of Statutes .............. ... ...... .............. .. ...... ...... .. ...... ............. ..... .................. 102
§ 311.034. Waiver of Sovereign Immunity .... .. ................ .... ...... .. .......... .......... ...................... ...... 102
Chapter 312. Construction of Laws ....................................................................... 102
Subchapter A. Construction Rules for Civil Statutes ...... .............................................. ............ .... .. ... 102
§ 312.001. Application ............. ............................... .. .. .. ....... .......... .... ........ ......... .. ....................... 102
§ 312.002.
§ 312.003 .
§ 312.004.
§ 312.005.
§ 312.006.
§ 312.007.
§ 312.008.
Meaning of Words ..... ................ ............... ... ...................... ..... .. ......................... ......... 102
Tense, Number, and Gender ................ ........ ............ ................. .................................. 103
Grants of Authority .......................... .. ........................ .. .. .......... .......... ......................... 103
Legislative Intent ........... ..... .. .. ...................................... .. ........ .. ....... .. .. ....................... 103
Liberal Construction ................ ...... .... ..... .. ...................................... ............................ 103
Repeal of Repealing Statute ............ .......................... .. .. .................................... ......... 103
Statutory References .......................... .... ....... .. .. ....... .. .............. .. ........... ..... .... ..... .. ..... . 103
Subchapter B. Miscellaneous Provisions ..... ... .... .. ....... .... ............ ...... ............ .. ....... ...... ..................... 103
§ 312.011.
§ 312.012.
§ 312.013.
§ 312.014.
§ 312.015 .
§ 312.016.
Definitions .... .... ....... .... .. .... ........ ........ ... .... ...... ... ...... ........ .... .... .. ........................... ...... 103
Grammar and Punctuation ............ ............ ...... ........................................ ............ ........ 103
Severability of Statutes .... .. .......................... .. .... ....................... ........ .............. ............ 103
Irreconcilable Amendments ...... ..... .... ........... ...... ............ ................................. ..... ...... 104
Quorum ............. ....... ...................... .... .. ........ ... ..... .... ... .......................... ....... ... ...... ...... 104
Standard Time ....... ..................................... .................. ..... .. .... .................................. . 104
Title 4. Executive Branch ........................................................................................... 104
Subtitle A. Executive Officers .................................................................................... 104
Chapter 406. Notary Public; Commissioner of Deeds ......................................... 104
Subchapter A. Notary Public .................................................................................... ........... .............. 104
§ 406.0165. Signing Document for Individual With Disability .......................... .......................... 104
Subtitle G. Corrections ............................................................................................... 105
Chapter 501. Inmate Welfare ................................................................................ 105
Subchapter A. General Welfare Provisions ................ ....................................................... .. .............. 105
§ 501.017. Cost of Confinement as Claim .................... .. .......................... ....................... .. ........... 105
Title 5. Open Government; Ethics ............................................................................. 105
Subtitle B. Ethics ......................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 573. Degrees of Relationship; Nepotism Prohibitions........................... 105
Subchapter B. Relationships by Consanguinity or by Affmity ........ ...... .. .......... ................ .......... ...... 105
§ 573 .021. Method of Computing Degree of Relationship ......... ... .. ............................................. 105
§ 573 .022. Determination of Consanguinity .................................... ........................... .................. 105
§ 573.023. Computation of Degree of Consanguinity ...................... ........... ......... .. ...... .. .. .......... .. 105
§ 573.024. Determination of Affinity .......................................................... .. ............................. .. 105
XXlll
CONTENTS
§ 573.025. Computation of Degree of Affinity ......................................... ................................... 106
IX. Health and Safety Code ................................................................... 107
Title 2. Health .............................................................................................................. 107
Subtitle H. Public Health Provisions ......................................................................... 107
Chapter 166. Advance Directives .......................................................................... 107
Subchapter A. GENERAL PROVISIONS .............. ............ ......... ..... .. .. ....... ..... ........... .. .................... 107
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
166.001.
166.002.
166.003.
166.004.
166.005.
166.006.
166.007.
166.008.
166.009.
166.010.
Short Title ........ ....................... ...................................... ....... ............... ........... ............. 107
Definitions .. ......... .......... .. .... ............... .. .... ........ ..... .............. ...... .. ............. ..... .. ........... 107
Witnesses ......... .... .. .. ...... .... .. .. ............. ...... ........ ......... .... .............. ............................... 108
Statement Relating to Advance Directive .... .. ............ .................................... ............ . 108
Enforceability of Advance Directives Executed in Another Jurisdiction .................... 109
Effect of Advance Directive on Insurance Policy and Premiums ............................... 109
Execution of Advance Directive May Not be Required ........................... .................. 109
Conflict Between Advance Directives ....................................... .. ......... .. .. ......... ......... 109
Certain Life-Sustaining Treatment Not Required ........... .................. .. .... .. .................. 109
Applicability of Federal Law Relating to Child Abuse and Neglect... ..................... ... 109
Subchapter B. Directive to Physicians ....... ........... ........ ................ ......... .. ................................. ......... 109
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
166.031.
166.032 .
166.033 .
166.034.
166.035.
166.036.
166.037.
166.038.
166.039.
§
§
§
§
§
166.040.
166.041.
166.042.
166.043 .
166.044.
§ 166.045.
§ 166.046.
§ 166.047.
§ 166.048.
§ 166.049.
§ 166.050.
§ 166.051.
§ 166.052.
§ 166.053.
Definitions ... ......................................... ........................ .. ........................................... . 110
Written Directive by Competent Adult; Notice to Physician .... .... .... .......................... 110
Form of Written Directive ..... .. ............................ ...................... .. ............................... 110
Issuance of Nonwritten Directive by Competent Adult Qualified Patient .................. 112
Execution of Directive on Behalf of Patient Younger Than 18 Years of Age ............ 112
Notarized Document Not Required; Requirement of Specific Form Prohibited ......... 112
Patient Desire Supersedes Directive .......................... .. ............................................... 112
Procedure When Declarant is Incompetent or Incapable of Communication .... ......... 113
Procedure When Person Has Not Executed or Issued a Directive and is
Incompetent or Incapable of Communication . ~ ........................................................ 113
Patient Certification and Prerequisites for Complying With Directive ....................... 113
Duration of Directive .................................................................................................. 113
Revocation of Directive ........................................ .................. .. ......... .... ............. .. .. .... 113
Reexecution of Directive ...... ........ .... .. .. .... .. ........................ ................... ..... ............ .... 114
Limitation of Liability for Withholding or Withdrawing Life-Sustaining
Procedures ....................... ........ ............ .............................. .......................... ........ ..... 114
Liability for Failure to Effectuate Directive ...................................... ......................... 114
Procedure if Not Effectuating a Directive or Treatment Decision .............................. 115
Honoring Directive Does Not Constitute Offense of Aiding Suicide ... ...................... 116
Criminal Penalty; Prosecution .................................................................... .. .. ............ 116
Pregnant Patients ............................ ............................................................................ 116
Mercy Killing Not Condoned ................................ ............ .. ...................................... . 116
Legal Right or Responsibility Not Affected .......... ...... .......... ................................ ..... 116
Statements Explaining Patient's Right to Transfer .... .... .. ..... .. ......... ........................... 116
Registry to Assist Transfers ...................................................................................... .. 118
Subchapter C. Out-of-Hospital Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders .... .... ..... ........ .. ............... .. .. ............. .. ..... 118
§ 166.081 . Definitions ... ..... .... .. .... .... ......... ................ .. ...... ..... ........ ... .... ... ............ ..... ...... ............. 118
xxiv
CONTENTS
§ 166.082. Out-Of-Hospita1 DNR Order; Directive to Physicians ........ .. ...... .. ...... ... ... .... .. .... ..... .. 119
§ 166.083 . Form of Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order .... .......................... .. ... ..................................... 120
§ 166.084. Issuance of Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order by Nonwritten Communication ...... .......... . 120
§ 166.085 . Execution of Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order on Behalf of a Minor ................... .... .. ..... 121
§ 166.086. Desire of Person Supersedes Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order ............ .......... ................ .. 121
§ 166.087. Procedure When Declarant is Incompetent or Incapable of Communication ............. 121
§ 166.088. Procedure When Person Has Not Executed or Issued Out-Of-Hospital DNR
Order and is Incompetent or Incapable of Communication .... ................. .... ...... ...... . 121
§ 166.089. Compliance With Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order ............................ ............................. 122
§ 166.090. DNR Identification Device ...... .................... ........... .. .................. ... ... .......... ... .. ........... 122
§ 166.091. Duration of Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order.. ... .. ......................... ..... ..................... ........ . 123
§ 166.092. Revocation of Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order.. ............. .. ...... ........... .. .......... .. .............. . 123
§ 166.093. Reexecution of Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order .... ...... .. .................... ............................. 123
§ 166.094. Limitation on Liability for Withholding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and
Certain Other Life-Sustaining Procedures ...................... ...... .. ...... ............. .. ............. 123
§ 166.095. Limitation on Liability for Failure to Effectuate Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order. .... .... . 124
§ 166.096. Honoring Out-Of-Hospital DNR Order Does Not Constitute Offense of
Aiding Suicide .. ..... ........ ........ ...... ............... ....................... ...... .. ..... .... ....... ............... 124
§ 166.097. Criminal Penalty; Prosecution .................. .... ...... .. ... ................. ....... .... ........ ............... 124
§ 166.098. Pregnant Persons .............. .. ................... .............................. .................. ........... .......... 124
§ 166.099. Mercy Killing Not Condoned ........................ ............ .... .. .. .................. ... ......... .. .. ....... 125
§ 166.100. Legal Right or Responsibility Not Affected .... .... .. .. ...... .. .. ...... ... ...... ... ... .................. .. 125
§ 166.101. Duties of Department and Board .................... .. .. ....... ...... ............ .. .......................... ... 125
§ 166.102. Physician's DNR Order May be Honored by Health Care Personnel Other
Than Emergency Medical Services Personnel ................................ ........... .............. 125
Subchapter D. Medical Power of Attorney ..................... .......................... .. ............ ... ......... ..... .......... 125
§ 166.151. Definitions .................................. ...... .... ................. ... .... .. .......... .. .. ....... .... ....... ... .. .......
§ 166.152. Scope and Duration of Authority .. .... .... .... ...................... .. ........ .. ........................... ... ..
§ 166.153. Persons Who May Not Exercise Authority of Agent ... ................................. .. ..... .... ...
§ 166.154. Execution and Witnesses .... .. ..... ............ ....... .... ................................... .... ............ .. .....
§ 166.155. Revocation ... ............ ............. .... ..................... ... ..... .. ... .... .................................. ..... .....
§ 166.156. Appointment of Guardian .. .... ........ ......... .. .. ... .... ..... .............. .. .... .... .................. .. .. ......
§ 166.157. Disclosure of Medical Information ....................... .. ........ ............ ...................... ..... ... ..
§ 166.158. Duty of Health or Residential Care Provider ......................... ... .. .. ... .. ..... ....... .............
§ 166.159. Discrimination Relating to Execution of Medical Power of Attorney ...... ... ..... ...... .. ..
§ 166.160. Limitation on Liability ... ...... ................ ............ ... ........ .... .......... .... .. .......... .. ........ .. ... ..
§ 166.161. Liability for Health Care Costs .... ....... ...... .. ........... .... ............ ....... .... ....... .... ..... ...... .. ..
§ 166.162. Disclosure Statement ...... .......... ... .. ........ ...... .. ... ........ .. .... .............. .. .. ... ... ... ..... ....... .....
§ 166.163. Form of Disclosure Statement ......................... ....... .................. .. ...... ..... .... ....... ..........
§ 166.164. Form of Medical Power of Attorney ............. ......... .. ....... ......... ... ...... ........... ...............
§ 166.165. Civil Action .................................... .... ..... .... ......... .... .... ........ ...... ....... ......... .. ..... ....... ..
§ 166.166. Other Rights or Responsibilities Not Affected .... .. ... ..... .. ... .... ........ ..................... .......
126
126
126
127
127
127
127
128
128
128
129
129
129
130
131
131
Title 4. Health Facilities .............................................................................................. 131
Subtitle F. Powers and Duties of Hospitals ...............................................................•. 131
Chapter 313. Consent to Medical Treatment Act ................................................ 131
§ 313.001. Short Title .. ..................... .. ........ .. .... .... ................................. .................... .... .. ........ .... . 131
§ 313.002. Definitions .. ... .... .... ............... ................................. .... ...... ........ .... ..................... .... .... .. 131
§ 313.003. Exceptions and Application ............................................. .......... ....... .. .. ...... ............. .. . 132
xxv
CONTENTS
§ 313.004.
§ 313.005 .
§ 313.006.
§ 313.007.
Consent for Medical Treatment ..................................................................................
Prerequisites for Consent.. ................. ............................ ........................ .....................
Liability for Medical Treatment Costs ........................................................................
Limitation on Liability ........................................ .......................................................
13 2
133
133
133
Title 8. Death and Disposition of the Body................................................................ 133
Subtitle A. Death ......................................................................................................... 133
Chapter 671. Determination of Death and Autopsy Reports .............................. 133
Subchapter A. Determination of Death .... .. ....................................... ............ ........ ........... .................. 133
§ 671.001. Standard Used in Determining Death .................. ........................................ ............... 133
§ 671.002. Limitation of Liability ................................................................. ............................... 134
Subtitle B. Disposition of the Body ............................................................................ 134
Chapter 691. Anatomical Board ofthe State of Texas ........................................ 134
Subchapter B. Donation and Distribution of Bodies .......................................................................... 134
§ 691.024.
§ 691.025.
§ 691.026.
§ 691.027.
§ 691.028.
§ 691.029.
§ 691.030.
Persons Who May Claim Body for Burial... ................................ ............................... 134
Procedure After Death ..................................................................... .... ....................... 134
Body of Traveler .............. .............. ........... .................................. ......................... ...... 135
Autopsy ..... .. ........................................... .... .................... .................. ...... .................... 135
Donation of Body by Written Instrument ................................................................... 135
Authority to Accept Bodies From Outside the State ............................................ ....... 135
Board's Authority to Distribute Bodies and Anatomical Specimens ...... .................... 135
Chapter 692. Texas Anatomical Gift Act .............................................................. 135
§ 692.001. Short Title .......... ......... ................. ..................................... .................................... ...... 136
§ 692.002. Definitions ............................................. ............. .. ....................... ............................... 136
§ 692.003. Manner of Executing Gift of Own Body ........ .......... ....................... ........................... 136
§ 692.004. Persons Who May Execute Gift ...... .. ...................... ......................... .......................... 137
§ 692.005 . Persons Who May Become Donees (H.B. 2180 Version) .......................................... 137
§ 692.005. Persons Who May Become Donees (S.B. 995 Version) ............................... .............. 138
§ 692.006. Designation of Donee or Physician .......................................................... .................. 138
§ 692.007. Delivery of Document ............ .... ........................................ .. ........................ .............. 138
§ 692.008. Amendment or Revocation of Gift ...... ...... .................... ............................................. 138
§ 692.009. Determination of Time of Death ......... ........................................................................ 139
§ 692.010. Acceptance or Rejection of Gift .......... ........ ............................................................... 139
§ 692.011. Examination for Medical Acceptability Authorized ........ ...................... ..................... 139
§ 692.012. Donee's Rights Superior ...................................................... ........... ................. ........... 139
§ 692.013. Hospital Protocol .................... .................... ......... .. ............................................. ........ 139
§ 692.014. Procedures ................................................................................................. ...... ........... 139
§ 692.0145. Distribution of Vascular Organs for Transplantation ............................ .................... 140
§ 692.0147. Expired ......... ..... .. ........ .... ...... .................................................................... .... ........... 140
§ 692.015 . Effect of Other Laws .... .............. ...... .... ...................................................................... 140
§ 692.016. Limitation of Liability ..... .......... ............... ................................... .................. .. ........... 140
§ 692.017. Civil Penalty ..... ............... .... ....... ............................... ......................... ...... ... ............... 140
xxvi
CONTENTS
Chapter 693. Removal of Body Parts, Body Tissue, and Corneal Tissue .......... 140
Subchapter A. Removal of Body Parts or Tissue ........ ........................................ ......... ...................... 140
§ 693 .001 . Definition ...... ........................................................... ............................................ ...... 141
§ 693.002. Removal of Body Part or Tissue from Decedent Who Died Under
Circumstances Requiring an Inquest .............. ................ .......................................... 141
§ 693 .003 . Consent Required in Certain Circumstances .............................................................. 142
§ 693.004. Persons Who May Consent or Object to RemovaL ............ ....................................... 142
§ 693 .005 . Immunity from Damages in Civil Action ................................................................... 142
§. 693 .006. Removal ofComeal Tissue ....................................................................................... 142
Subchapter C. Eye Enucleation ......................................................................................................... 142
§ 693 .021 . Definition .. ...................................................... ........................................................... 142
§ 693 .022. Persons Who May Enucleate Eye as Anatomical Gift ................................................ 142
§ 693 .023. Eye Enucleation Course .............................................................. ......................... ....... 142
§ 693 .024. Requisites of Eye Enucleation Course ................ ............... .............. ............................. 142
Subtitle C. Cemeteries .................................................................•................•............. 142
Chapter 711. General Provisions Relating to Cemeteries ................................... 142
Subchapter A. General Provisions ... ...... ................. ...................................... .......... ........................... 142
§ 711.002. Disposition of Remains; Duty to Inter .. ............................... ....................................... 143
Subchapter C. Cemetery Organizations ........... .. ................................................................................ 145
§ 711.039. Rights of Interment in Plot ............................... .................................. ............ ............ 145
Chapter 712. Perpetual Care Cemeteries ............................................................. 145
Subchapter B. Perpetual Care Trust Fund .................................................... .... .................................. 145
§ 712 .021. Establishment and Purposes of Fund ...................... ..................... ........... .................... 145
§ 712 .030. Use of Gift for Special Care of Plot in Perpetual Care Cemetery ............................... 146
x.
Insurance Code ................................................................................... 147
Title 7. Life Insurance and Annuities ........................................................................ 147
Subtitle A. Life Insurance in General. ....................................................................... 147
Chapter 1103. Life Insurance Policy Beneficiaries .............................................. 147
Subchapter D. Forfeiture of Beneficiary' s Rights ................ ....................... ................................ ....... 147
§ 1103.151 . Forfeiture ...................................................................................... ............................ 147
§ 1103.152. Payment of Proceeds to Contingent Beneficiary or to Relative ................................ 147
xxvii
CONTENTS
Chapter 1104. Life Insurance and Annuity Contracts Issued to Certain
Persons ..................................................................................................... 147
Subchapter B. Trustee Named as Beneficiary of Life Insurance Policy ............... .................... ......... 147
§ 1104.021.
§ 1104.022.
§ 1104.023.
§ 1104.024.
§ 1104.025 .
Trustee Named as Beneficiary in Policy ........................ ........................................... 147
Trustee Named as Beneficiary in Will ...................................................................... 147
Debts; Inheritance Tax......... ..................................................................................... 148
Commingling .......................................................... .................................................. 148
Certain Prior Beneficiary Designations Not Affected .............. ................. ............... 148
Chapter 1108. Benefits Exempt From Seizure ..................................................... 148
Subchapter A. General Provisions . .................................................................................................... 148
§ 1108.001. Construction With Other Law ........................................... ....................................... 148
§ 1108.002. Annuity Contracts ........... ...... .................................................................................... 148
Subchapter B. Exemptions From Seizure ............ ................................... ........................................... 148
§ 1108.051. Exemptions for Certain Insurance and Annuity Benefits ..................................... ..... 148
§ 1108.052. Exemptions Unaffected by Beneficiary Designation .................. .............................. 148
§ 1108.053 . Exceptions to Exemptions ........................................................................................ 148
SUbchapter C. Assignment of Benefits .............................................................................................. 149
§ 1108.101. Assignment Generally .............................................................................................. 149
§ 1108.102. Certain Assignments Void ......................................... ............................................... 149
Chapter 1111. Life and Viatical Settlements and Accelerated Term Life
Insurance Benefits .................................................................................. 149
Subchapter A. Life and Viatical Settlements .................................... ................................................. 149
§ 1111 .001 . Definitions ...... ............................... .......... .. .................... ........................................... 149
§ 1111 .002.
§ 1111.003.
§ 1111.004.
§ 1111.005.
§ 1111.006.
Purpose .......................................................................... ........................................... 149
Rules; Registration and Regulation .. .. .......... :........................................................... 150
Annual Fee for Registration ............................... ..................... .................................. 150
Denial, Suspension, or Revocation of Registration; Enforcement ............................ 150
Applicability of Other Insurance Laws ..................................................................... 150
Subchapter B. Accelerated Term Life Insurance Benefits ................................. ................................ 150
§ 1111 .051 . Definitions ...... ..................... ............................... ............... ....................................... 150
§ 1111 .052. Authority to Pay Accelerated Term Life Benefits .................. .................................. 151
§ 1111 .053 . Rules ............... ....................................................................................................... ... 151
XXVlll
CONTENTS
XI. Local Government Code .................................................................. 153
Title 4. Finances ........................................................................................................... 153
Subtitle B. County Finances ....................................................................................... 153
Chapter 118. Fees Charged by County Officers ................................................... 153
Subchapter C. Fees of Clerk of County Court ......................................................... .......................... 153
§ 118.052. Fee Schedule ............... .............................................................. ........... ....................... 153
§ 118.055 . Probate Original Action ..................................... ......................................................... 153
§ 118.056. Services in Pending Probate Action....... ............. .................. ...................................... 154
xu.
Penal Code .......................................... ~............................................ 155
Title 5. Offenses Against the Person .................................•........................................ 155
Chapter 22. Assaultive Offenses ............................................................................ 155
§ 22.08. Aiding Suicide .................. ................................. ............................................. .............. .. 155
Title 7. Offenses Against Property .......................................................................•..... 155
Chapter 32. Fraud ................................................................................................... 155
Subchapter D. Other Deceptive Practices .......................................................................................... 155
§ 32.45. Misapplication of Fiduciary Property or Property of Financial Institution .................... . 155
§ 32.47. Fraudulent Destruction, Removal, or Concealment of Writing .................. ...... .. ............ 156
XIII. Probate Code ................................................................................. 157
Chapter I. General Provisions .................................................................................... 157
§ I. Short Title ................................... ........... ................................................................................ 157
§ 2. Effective Date and Application ............................................. ... ................ ....... ...................... 157
§ 3. Definitions and Use of Terms ...... ........................................................................... ............... 158
§ 4. Jurisdiction of County Court With Respect to Probate Proceedings ..................................... . 159
§ 5. Jurisdiction With Respect to Probate Proceedings ....... ............ ............................................. 160
§ SA. Matters Appertaining and Incident to an Estate ............................................................ ...... 161
§ 5B. . Transfer of Proceeding........................................................................................................ 162
§ 5C. Actions to Collect Delinquent Property Taxes .................................................................... 162
§ 6. Venue for Probate of Wills and Administration of Estates of Decedents ................ .............. 163
§ 8. Concurrent Venue and Transfer of Proceedings .................................................................... 163
§ 9. Defects in Pleading ............................................................... .......................... ............. ....... ... 164
§ 10. Persons Entitled to Contest Proceedings .......................................... ................................... 164
§ lOA. Necessary Party ............ .................................................................................................... 165
§ lOB. Communications or Records Relating to Decedent' s Condition Before Death ................. 165
§ lOCo Effect of Filing or Contesting Pleading .................................................................... ........ 165
§ 11. Applications and Other Papers to be Filed With Clerk ........................................................ 165
§ llA. Exemption from Probate Fees for Estates of Certain Military Servicemembers ............... 165
§ 12. Costs and Security ............................................................................................................ ... 165
XXIX
CONTENTS
§ 13. Judge' s Probate Docket ... ............... ................................. .................................................... 166
§ 14. Claim Docket. .......................... ...... .................................. .. .......................... ........................ 166
§ 15. Case Files .. .. ................................. .................... .. ... .... ........................ ........... ............... .. ...... 166
§ 16. Probate Fee Book ........ .. ...... .... .. ............ .................... .. ...... .. .......... ......................... .. ........... 166
§ 17. Maintaining Records in Lieu of Record Books .. .. .. .. ........................................................... 166
§ 17A. Index ................................. .. .... ....................... .. ..... ...................... .. ... .. ........................... .... 166
§ 18. Use of Records as Evidence .. ............ ........................... ...... .............. ................................... 167
§ 19. Call of the Dockets ......... ................... ........ ........... ................ .. .......... .. ........ ......................... 167
§ 20. Clerk May Set Hearings ........................................................... ................ ............. .............. 167
§ 21. Trial by Jury .. ............................................... .. ...... ........................ .................................. ..... 167
Evidence ............... ......... .. ........ .. ...... .................................................................................... 167
Decrees and Signing of Minutes .................... .... ... .. ............ ................................................ . 167
Enforcement of Orders ....... ......... ...... .... .. .. .. .... ............ ......... .. .. .................... ....... .. ........ ...... 167
Executions ..... ............. ......... ...... ....................... ............................. ..................................... . 167
Attachments for Property .................................................................................................... 167
Enforcement of Specific Performance ................. ........................ ................. ......... .. ............ 168
Personal Representative to Serve Pending Appeal of Appointment.. ................. ................ . 168
Appeal Bonds of Personal Representatives ...... ...................... ........................... .. .. ........ ...... 168
Bill of Review ....... ........ .... ........ ....................... .. ........... .. .................. ......... ............... .. ........ 168
Common Law Applicable ............. .. ......................... ....... ....... ....... ............ .. .... .. ................. .. 168
Issuance, Contents, Service, and Return of Citation, Notices, and Writs in Probate
Matters ................... .................. ........................................ .................... .. ............... ... 169
§ 34. Service on Attorney ............................... .. ............. ................... ........................... ................. 171
§ 34A. Attorneys Ad Litem ................ ... ................. .. ....................... ... ............................... .. ......... 171
§ 35. Waiver of Notice ......................... ............ ............. ....... ...... .............. ........... ......... .. ... ..... .. ... 171
§ 36. Duty and Responsibility of Judge .... .... .... .. ..... .. .. .......................................... ....................... 171
§ 36B. Examination of Documents or Safe Deposit Box With Court Order .......................... .... .. 172
§ 36C. Delivery of Document With Court Order ................... ......................... ............ ................. 172
§ 36D. Examination of Document or Safe Deposit Box Without Court Order .. .. ......................... 172
§ 36E. Delivery of Document Without Court Order.. ............................... .. ....... ........................... 172
§ 36F. Restriction on Removal of Contents of Safe Deposit Box .................... .. .................. .. ...... 173
§ 22.
§ 23 .
§ 24.
§ 25.
§ 26.
§ 27.
§ 28.
§ 29.
§ 31 .
§ 32.
§ 33 .
Chapter ll. Descent and Distribution ........................................................................ 173
§ 37. Passage of Title Upon Intestacy and Under a Will ... .............. ..... .. ............. ....... .................. 173
§ 37A. Means of Evidencing Disclaimer or Renunciation of Property or Interest
Receivable From a Decedent... ........ .. ............. ........ ..... ..... .................... ........... .. ....... 174
§ 37B. Assignment of Property Received from a Decedent .............. .. ......... ........... ..................... 176
§ 37C. Satisfaction of Devise ............ ................ .. ........ .. ......... ......... ....... ...................... ................ 176
§ 38. Persons Who Take Upon Intestacy .................................... ............................ ...... ................ 180
§ 39. No Distinction Because of Property's Source ................... ...... .. ....................................... ... 180
§ 40. Inheritance By and From an Adopted Child ........................................ ................................ 181
§ 41. Matters Affecting and Not Affecting the Right to Inherit... ...................... ........................... 181
§ 42. Inheritance Rights of Children ............................................................... .. ........................... 184
§ 43 . Determination of Per Capita and Per Stirpes Distribution ... .. ............ .................... ...... .. ...... 185
§ 44. Advancements ....... ................... ................................... .. ......................................... ............ . 186
§ 45 . Community Estate .. .... .... ........... .... .... ...... ...... ......................................... .. ........................... 186
§ 46. Joint Tenancies .. ............................ .... .. ........ .... ......... .. ........................ ......... .. ....... .. ....... ... ... 187
§ 47. Requirement of Survival by 120 Hours ......................... ................. ..................................... 187
§ 47A. Marriage Voidable Based on Mental Incapacity .................. .. ........................................... 188
Chapter ID. Determination Of Heirship ................................................................... 188
§ 48. Proceedings to Declare Heirship. When and Where Instituted .............. .. .... ....................... 188
xxx
CONTENTS
§ 49. Who May Institute Proceedings to Declare Heirship ........................ .......... ...... .. ...... .... ....... 189
§ 50. Notice 189
§ 51. Transfer of Proceeding When Will Probated or Administration Granted ........................ .. .. 190
§ 52. Recorded Instruments as Prima Facie Evidence .................................................. ...... .......... 190
§ 52A. Form of Affidavit of Facts Concerning Identity of Heirs .................. ...... .................. .... .. . 190
§ 53. Evidence; Unknown Parties and Incapacitated Persons .. .. .. ...... .. .. ...................... .... .......... .. . 191
§ 53A. Order for Genetic Testing Authorized .............................. .. .. ................ .. .......................... 191
§ 53B. Results of Genetic Testing; Admissibility .................. .................... .... .......... ........ ...... ...... 192
§ 53C. Use of Genetic Testing Results in Certain Proceedings to Declare Heirship .. .. .. .............. 192
§ 53D. Additional Orders Authorized .... .............................. ...... ...... .... .. ............ .. .... ...... .............. 192
§ 53E. Proceedings and Records Public .... .... .. .... .... .. .... ........ .... ...................................... .. ........... 193
§ 54. Judgment ......... ..... ........ ......... .............. ......... ...... ... ..... .... ........ .......... ... ......... .... .. ............ ..... 193
§ 55. Effect of Judgment ........ .. ............ ....................... .. .. ................................ .. .. .. ....................... 193
§ 56. Filing of Certified Copy of Judgment.. ...... ............ .... .................. ...... ............ ...................... 193
Chapter IV. Execution and Revocation of Wills ...................................................... 193
§ 57. Who May Execute a Will .... .................. ................ .. ............................................................ 194
§ 58. Interests Which May Pass Under a Will .................. .. .............. .. ............ .. .............. .. ............ 194
§ 58a. Devises or Bequests to Trustees ...... ........ .............. ...... ........ .. .... .... ...... ...... ............ ........ .... 195
§ 58b. Devises and Bequests That Are Void .............. .. .. ........ .... .... .. ............ .... .. .. ...... .... .. ............ 195
§ 58c. Exercise of Power of Appointrnent.. .... .... .... .... .. ...................... .. .. ...... .. .. .................. ...... .... 196
§ 59. Requisites of a Will .............. ........................................................................ .... .. ...... ........... 197
§ 59A. Contracts Concerning Succession .. .......................... .... .............................. ....................... 198
§ 60. Exception Pertaining to Holographic Wills .......... .. .. ...................... .. .... .............................. . 198
§ 61 . Bequest to Witness ...... ........... ...... .. .. ...... .............. ..................................... .. ..................... .. . 198
§ 62. Corroboration of Testimony of Interested Witness .................. .......... .... .... ............ .... .......... 199
§ 63. Revocation of Wills ............................................................................ ..... ...... ...... ............... 199
§ 64 [repealed). Capacity to Make a Nuncupative Will .... .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... ........ .......... .. .......... 199
§ 65 [repealed). Requisites of a Nuncupative Will .......... ...... .... ...................... .... .. .. ..................... 200
§ 67. Pretermitted Child ............. .. ................................ .. ...... .. .......... .. ...... .................................... 201
§ 68. Prior Death of Legatee ...... ...................... ..................... .. .. ... ........ .. .......... .... ......................... 202
§ 69 Will Provisions Made Before Dissolution of Marriage ........ ........ .................. .. .... ............ .. . 203
§ 69A. Changing Wills .......... ................. ....... ....... .. .............. .. ...... ...... .. ............ ....... .................. .. . 203
§ 70. Provision in Will for Management of Separate Property ................ .. .................... ............... 203
§ 70A. Increase in Securities; Accessions .... ...... .... .. .. .. .............................. .... .. ........ ................ .. .. 203
§ 71. Deposit of Will With Court During Testator's Lifetime .................... .... .. .......... .. .............. .. 204
§ 71A. No Right to Exoneration of Debts; Exception .............. .... .... .... ........ ........................ ,....... 204
Chapter V. Probate and Grant of Administration ................................................... 205
Part 1. Estates of Decedents ................................................................................... 205
§ 72. Proceedings Before Death; Administration in Absence of Direct Evidence of
Death; Distribution; Limitation of Liability; Restoration of Estate;
Validation of Proceedings .... ....................... .. .............. ........................ ....... .. ..... ... .... 205
§ 73 . Period for Probate .... ... .. .............. ........... .... ......................... ..... ...... ...... ............... ... .............. 206
§ 74. Time to File Application for Letters Testamentary or Administration .......... .. .... .. ...... .. ...... 206
§ 75 . Duty and Liability of Custodian of Will .... .... .. ................................................ .. .................. 206
§ 76. Persons Who May Make Application .................................................. .. .............. .... .... .. .... .. 206
§ 77. Order of Persons Qualified to Serve .............. .. ...... ........ .... ................ .. .. ............ .. ................ 206
§ 78 . Persons Disqualified to Serve as Executor or Administrator.. ...... .... ........................ .... ...... . 207
§ 79. Waiver of Right to Serve .................... ...... .... ............ ........ .. .......... ... .. ........................ .......... 207
§ 80. Prevention of Administration ........................ .. .. .......................... .. .............. ........................ 207
XXXI
CONTENTS
§ 81. Contents of Application for Letters Testamentary ........................................... .................... 207
§ 82. Contents of Application for Letters of Administration ............................... ......................... 208
§ 83. Procedure Pertaining to a Second Application .................................................................... 208
§ 84. Proof of Written Will Produced in Court................................................. ............................ 209
§ 8S . Proof of Written Will Not Produced in Court ...................................................................... 210
§ 86 [repealed). Proof of Nuncupative Will ................................................................................. 210
§ 87. Testimony to Be Committed to Writing .............................................................................. 210
§ 88. Proof Required for Probate and Issuance of Letters Testamentary or of
Administration ......................................................................................................... 210
§ 89. Action of Court on Probated Will ........................................................................................ 211
§ 89A. Contents of Application for Probate of Will as Muniment of Title .... .............................. 211
§ 89B. Proof Required for Probate of a Will as a Muniment of Title ........................................... 212
§ 89C. Probate of Wills as Muniments of Title ............................................................................ 212
§ 90. Custody of Probated Wills ................................................................................................... 212
§ 91. When Will Not in Custody of Court .................................. .. ................................................ 212
§ 92. Period for Probate Does Not Affect Settlement... .............................................................. .. 213
§ 93 . Period for Contesting Probate ............................................................. ................................. 213
§ 94. No Will Effectual Until Probated ........................................................................................ 213
Part 2. Procedure Pertaining to Foreign Wills ....................................................... 213
§ 9S . Probate of Foreign Will Accomplished by Filing and Recording ........................................ 214
§ 96. Filing and Recording Foreign Will in Deed Records .......................................................... 214
§ 97. Proof Required for Recording in Deed Records .................................................................. 214
§ 98. Effect of Recording Copy of Will in Deed Records ...................................... .................... .. 21S
§ 99. Recording in Deed Records Serves as Notice of Title ......................................................... 21S
§ 100. Contest of Foreign Wills ................................................................................................... 21S
§ 101. Notice of Contest of Foreign Will ..................................................................................... 21S
§ 102. Effect of Rejection of Will in Domiciliary Proceedings .................................................... 21S
§ 103. Original Probate of Foreign Will in This State ............................................... ................... 21S
§ 104. Proof of Foreign Will in Original Probate Proceeding ...................................................... 216
§ lOS . Executor of Will Probated in Another Jurisdiction .... ........................................................ 216
§ lOSA. Appointment and Service of Foreign Banks and Trust Companies in Fiduciary
Capacity ................................................................................................................... 216
§ 106. When Foreign Executor to Give Bond ...... .. ....................................... .. ............................. 217
§ 107. Power of Sale of Foreign Executor or Trustee ................................................................... 217
§ 107A. Suit for the Recovery of Debts by a Foreign Executor or Administrator. ....................... 217
Part 3. Emergency Intervention Proceedings; Funeral and Burial
Expenses .......................................................•.......................................... 217
§ 108. Time to File Emergency Application .................................................................. .............. 217
§ 109. Eligible Applicants for Emergency Intervention ............................................................... 217
§ 110. Requirements for Emergency Intervention ........................................................................ 217
Contents of Emergency Intervention Application for Funeral and Burial Expenses ......... 218
Contents for Emergency Intervention Application for Access to Personal Property ......... 218
Orders of Emergency Intervention ...... , ............................................................................. 218
Termination ................ ...... ................................................................................... .............. 219
Limitation on Right of Surviving Spouse to Control Deceased's Burial or
Cremation ................................................................................................................. 219
§ 111.
§ 112.
§ 113.
§ 114.
§ lIS .
Part 4. Citations and Notices .................................................................................. 219
§ 128. Citations With Respect to Applications for Probate or for Issuance of Letters ................. 220
§ 128A. Notice to Certain Beneficiaries After Probate of Will .................................................... 220
XXXll
CONTENTS
§ 128B. Notice to Heirs on Application to Probate Will After Four Years .................................. 221
§ 129. Validation of Prior Modes of Service of Citation ......................... ..................................... 222
§ 129A. Service by Publication or Other Substituted Service ............... ............. .......................... 222
Chapter VI. Special Types of Administration .......................................................... 222
Part 1. Temporary Administration in the Interest of Estates of
Dependents .............................................................................................. 222
§ 131A. Appointment of Temporary Administrators ................................................................... 222
§ 132. Temporary Administration Pending Contest of a Will or Administration ......................... 223
§ 133. Powers of Temporary Administrators .... ........................................................................... 223
§ 134. Accounting ........... ...................................... ....................................................................... 223
§ 135. Closing Temporary Administration ................. .................................................................. 224
Part 3. Small Estates ............................................................................................... 224
§ 13 7 . Collection of Small Estates Upon Affidavit ...................................................................... 224
§ 138. Effect of Affidavit ..................................................................... .. ...................................... 225
§ 139. Application for Order of No Administration ............ .. ...... ................................................. 225
§ 140. Hearing and Order Upon the Application .................... ......................... ............................. 225
§ 141. Effect of Order .................................................................................................................. 225
§ 142. Proceeding to Revoke Order.. .. ...... .................................................................................... 225
§ 143. Summary Proceedings for Small Estates After Personal Representative Appointed ......... 226
Part 4. Independent Administration ..................................................................... 226
§ 145. Independent Administration .............................................................................................. 226
§ 146. Payment of Claims and Delivery of Exemptions and Allowances .................................... 228
§ 147. Enforcement of Claims by Suit ......................................................................................... 228
§ 148. Requiring Heirs to Give Bond ........................................................................................... 229
§ 149. Requiring Independent Executor to Give Bond ................................................................. 229
§ 149A. Accounting .............................................................................................. ....................... 229
§ 149B. Accounting and Distribution ........................................................................................... 230
§ 149C. Removal of Independent Executor. .................................... ...... ...... ................................. 230
§ 149D. Distribution of Remaining Estate Pending Judicial Discharge ....................................... 231
§ 149E. Judicial Discharge of Independent Executor ...................... ...... ....................................... 231
§ 149F. Court Costs and Other Charges Related to Final Account in Judicial Discharge ....... ..... 231
§ 149G. Rights and Remedies Cumulative ...................................................................... ............. 231
§ 150. Partition and Distribution or Sale of Property Incapable of Division ................................ 231
§ 151. Closing Independent Administration by Affidavit.. .. ............................ ............... .............. 231
§ 152. Closing Independent Administration Upon Application by Distributee ............................ 232
§ 153. Issuance of Letters ............................................................................................................. 232
§ 154. Powers of an Administrator Who Succeeds an Independent Executor .............................. 233
§ 154A. Court-Appointed Successor Independent Executor .................................................... .... 233
Part 5. Administration of Community Property .................................................. 234
§ 155. No Necessity for Administration of Community Property ........ ........................................ 234
§ 156. Liability of Community Property for Debts .......................................... ............................. 235
§ 160. Powers of Surviving Spouse When No Administration Is Pending ............ ....................... 235
§ 161 [repealed]. Community Administration ................. ... .............................................. ............ 235
§ 162 [repealed] . Application for Community Administration .......................................... ....... .... 235
§ 163 [repealed]. Appointment of Appraisers ........................................................... ................... 235
§ 164 [repealed]. Inventory, Appraisement, and List of Claims ................................................... 235
§ 165 [repealed]. Bond of Community Administrator. .................................................... ........ ..... 235
XXXlll
CONTENTS
§ 166 [repealed]. Order of the Court ........... ........ .. ....................... ....................................... .. ....... 236
§ 167 [repealed]. Powers of Community Administrator. ................................ .............................. 236
§ 168. Accounting by Survivor ................................ ...................................................... :.......... ... 236
§ 169 [repealed]. Payment of Debts ............ .... ......... ............... .......... ......... ........ .......................... 236
§ 170 [repealed]. New Appraisement or New Bond .......... .. ......................................................... 236
§ 171 [repealed]. Creditor May Require Exhibit ............ .............................................................. 236
§ 172 [repealed]. Action of Court Upon Exhibit .... ...................................................................... 236
§ 173 [repealed]. Approval of Exhibit... ................................................................................ ....... 236
§ 174 [repealed]. Failure to File Exhibit.. .......... ................ .. ......................................................... 236
§ 175 [repealed]. Termination of Community Administration ..................................................... 236
§ 176. Remarriage of Surviving Spouse ................................................ ....................................... 236
§ 177. Distribution of Powers Among Personal Representatives and Surviving Spouse .............. 236
Chapter VII. Executors and Administrators ............................................................ 236
Part 1. Appointment and Issuance of Letters ....................................................... 236
§ 178.
§ 179.
§ 180.
§ 181.
§ 182.
§ 183.
§ 186.
§ 187.
§ 188.
When Letters Testamentary or of Administration Shall Be Granted ............................ ..... 237
Opposition to Grant of Letters of Administration.............................................................. 237
Effect of Finding That No Necessity for Administration Exists .............. .......................... 237
Orders Granting Letters Testamentary or of Administration ........ ..................................... 237
When Clerk Shall Issue Letters .............. ................................................................. .......... 238
What Constitutes Letters ................................................................................................... 238
Letters or Certificate Made Evidence ......... ............................ ................... ........................ 238
Issuance of Other Letters .................. .............................................................. .... ............... 238
Rights of Third Persons Dealing With Executors or Administrators ................. ................ 238
Part 2. Oaths and Bonds of Personal Representatives ......................................... 238
§ 189. How Executors, Administrators, and Guardians Shall Qualify ......................................... 238
§
§
§
§
190.
192.
194.
195.
§ 196.
§ 197.
§ 198.
§ 199.
§ 200.
§ 201.
§ 202.
§ 203.
§ 204.
§ 205 .
§ 206.
§ 207.
§ 208.
§ 209.
§ 210.
§ 211.
§ 212.
§ 213 .
§ 214.
§ 215.
Oaths of Executors and Administrators ........................ ..................................................... 238
Time for Taking Oath and Giving Bond ............................................................................ 239
Bonds of Personal Representatives of Estates ............................................ .................... ... 239
When No Bond Required ......................................................... ...................... ................... 241
Form of Bond ........................ ...... .. ....................... ....... .. .... .. ........ ................... ......... .. ........ 241
Bonds to Be Filed ................ .............. .............. .. ................................................................ 241
Bonds of Joint Representatives ...................................................... .................... .. ............ .. 241
Bonds of Married Persons ...................... .................... ....................................................... 241
Bond of Married Person Under Eighteen Years of Age .................................................... 241
(a) Affidavit of Personal Surety; (b) Lien on Specific Property, When Required;
(c) Subordination of Lien Authorized .. .............. .. ............................ .. ...................... 241
Bond as Lien on Real Property of Surety .... ...................................................................... 242
When New Bond May Be Required ...... ........................ .... ................................................ 242
Demand for New Bond by Interested Person ..................................................... .. .. ........... 242
Judge to Require New Bond ................................................ .............................................. 242
Order Requiring New Bond .................................... ........................................................... 242
Order Suspends Powers of Personal Representative .... .. ...... .............................................. 243
Decrease in Amount of Bond ...................................................... .......... ............................ 243
Discharge of Sureties Upon Execution of New Bond ........................................................ 243
Release of Sureties Before Estate Fully Administered .. .... .................... ............................ 243
Release of Lien Before Estate Fully Administered ............................................................ 243
Release of Recorded Lien on Surety's Property ................................................................ 243
Revocation of Letters for Failure to Give Bond ...................... .. .... .. .... .. ............................ 243
Executor or Guardian Without Bond Required to Give Bond ........................ ...... ............. 243
Order Requiring Bond ..... .. ....... ....... ......... .. ........ ................. ...... .......... ......... .. .............. ..... 243
XXXIV
CONTENTS
§ 216. Bond in Such Case .. ............. ...... ..... ....................................... .......................... ................. 244
§ 217. Failure to Give Bond ................ .. .. .. .............................................. ............................ ......... 244
§ 218. Bonds Not Void Upon First Recovery .. ............................................................................. 244
Part 3. Revocation of Letters, Death, Resignation, and Removal ....................... 244
§ 220. Appointment of Successor Representative .... ................. .... .. .. ........................ .............. ..... 244
§ 221. Resignation ........................... .... ................................ ......................................................... 245
§ 221A. Change of Resident Agent .. ......................................... ............................. ................ ...... 245
§ 22lB. Resignation of Resident Agent .................. ............................................................... ...... 245
§ 222. Removal ................................ ..................... ..................................................... .................. 246
§ 222A. Reinstatement After Removal... .... .. .. ................................................ ........................ ...... 246
Part 4. Subsequent Personal Representatives ...................................................... 247
§ 223. Further Administration With or Without Will Annexed ........ .. ............ .. ............................ 247
§ 224. Successors Succeed to Prior Rights, Powers, and Duties .......... ............ .. ............. ............. 247
§ 225 . Additional Powers of Successor Appointee ........ ............................................................... 247
§ 226. Subsequent Executors Also Succeed to Prior Rights and Duties ....................................... 247
§ 227. Successors Return of Inventory, Appraisement, and List of Claims .................................. 247
Part 5. General Powers of Personal Representatives ........................................... 248
§ 230. Care of Property of Estates ..... .......................... ............. .. ................ .................................. 248
§ 232. Representative of Estate Shall Take Possession of Personal Property and Records .......... 248
§ 233 . Collection of Claims and Recovery of Property ................................................................ 248
§ 233A. Suits by Executors or Administrators ...................................... .... ................................. .. 249
§ 234. Exercise of Powers With and Without Court Order ............................................... .. .. ....... 249
§ 235 . Possession of Property Held in Common Ownership .......... .. ...................................... ...... 249
§ 238. Operation of Farm, Ranch, Factory, or Other Business ...... ............ ................................... 249
§ 238A. Administration of Partnership Interest by Personal Representative .............. .................. 250
§ 239. Payment or Credit of Income ............................................................................................. 250
§ 240. Joint Executors or Administrators .......................... .................................................. .. ....... 251
Part 6. Compensation, Expenses, and Court Costs .............................................. 251
§ 241.
§ 242.
§ 243 .
§ 244.
Compensation of Personal Representatives .............................. ......................................... 251
Expenses Allowed ....................................... .. ...................................... .................... .......... 252
Allowance for Defending Will ....... .. ......................................................................... .. ...... 252
Expense Accounts ............. .. .......... ............ ........................................................................ 252
§ 245 . When Costs Are Adjudged Against Representative .......................................................... 252
Chapter VIII. Proceedings During Administration ................................................. 252
Part 1. Inventory, Appraisement, and List of Claims .......................................... 252
§ 248. Appointment of Appraisers (Senate Bill 347 Version) .......... :............ .. ............................. 253
Appointment of Appraisers (House Bill 3434 Version) ................................. ................... 253
Failure of Appraisers to Serve .......................... .............................................................. ... 253
Inventory and Appraisement .. ............ ...................................... ......................................... 253
List of Claims .............................................................. ................ ...................................... 254
Affidavit to be Attached .... :................................................................... ................. .. ......... 254
Fees of Appraisers ........................ .. ..... ......................... ...... .. .... ......................................... 254
Action by the Court ......................................................................................... .................. 254
§ 256. Discovery of Additional Property ...................................................................................... 254
§ 257. Additional Inventory or List of Claims Required by Court ...... .. ....................................... 254
§ 248.
§ 249.
§ 250.
§ 251.
§ 252.
§ 253.
§ 255.
xxxv
CONTENTS
§ 258. Correction Required When Inventory, Appraisement, or List of Claims Erroneous
or Unjust. ......................................................................................................... ......... 254
§ 259. Effect of Reappraisement .................................... .............................................................. 255
§ 260. Failure of Joint Personal Representatives to Return an Inventory, Appraisement,
and List of Claims .................................................................................................... 255
§ 261. Use of Inventories, Appraisements, and Lists of Claims as Evidence ............................... 255
Part 2. Withdrawing Estates of Deceased Persons from Administration .......... 255
§ 262.
§ 263.
§ 264.
§ 265.
§ 266.
§ 267.
§ 268.
§ 269.
Executor or Administrator Required to Report on Condition of Estate ............................. 255
Bond Required to Withdraw Estate From Administration ................................................. 255
Court's Order ..................................................................................................... .......... ...... 255
Order of Discharge ........................... ................................................................................. 256
Lien on Property of Estate Withdrawn From Administration .............................. .............. 256
Partition of Estate Withdrawn From Administration .......... ............................................... 256
Creditors May Sue on Bond ................ ............................................................................. . 256
Creditors May Sue Distributees ........................................... .............................................. 256
Part 3. Setting Apart Homestead and Other Exempt Property, and
Fixing the Family Allowance ................................................................. 256
§ 270.
§ 271.
§ 272.
§ 273.
§ 274.
§ 275.
§ 276.
§ 277.
§ 278.
§ 279.
§ 280.
§ 281.
§ 282.
§ 283.
§ 284.
§ 285.
§ 286.
§ 287.
§ 288.
§ 289.
§ 290.
§ 291.
§ 292.
§ 293.
Liability of Homestead for Debts .................... .................................................................. 256
Exempt Property to Be Set Apart ............................................................................ .......... 256
To Whom Delivered ......................................... ................................................................. 257
Allowance in Lieu of Exempt Property ......................................................... .................... 257
How Allowance Paid ......................................................................................................... 257
To Whom Allowance Paid ................................................................................................ 257
Sale to Raise Allowance ........................................................................................ ............ 258
Preference of Liens ............................ ................................................................................ 258
When Estate Is Solvent.. ... ...... .............................................................. ....... ...................... 258
When Estate is Insolvent ................................................................................................... 258
Exempt Property Not Considered in Determining Solvency ............................................. 258
Exempt Property Liable for Certain Debts ........................ ................................................ 258
Nature of Homestead Property Immaterial ........................................................................ 258
Homestead Rights of Surviving Spouse ............................................................................ 259
When Homestead Not Partitioned .............................................. ....................................... 259
When Homestead Can Be Partitioned ............................................................................... 259
Family Allowance to Surviving Spouses and Minors .................... ............. ....................... 259
Amount of Family Allowance ........................................................................................... 259
When Family Allowance Not Made .............................................. .................................... 259
Order Fixing Family Allowance .......................................................................... .............. 260
Family Allowance Preferred ................... .......... ................................................................. 260
To Whom Family Allowance Paid .................................................................................... 260
May Take Property for Family Allowance ............................................................... ......... 260
Sale to Raise Funds for Family Allowance........................... ............................................. 260
Part 4. Presentment and Payment of Claims ........................................................ 260
§ 294.
§ 295.
§ 296.
§ 297.
Notice by Representative of Appointrnent... ...................................................................... 261
Notice to Holders of Secured Claims ....................... ............................................. ............ 261
One Notice Sufficient .................................................. ...................................................... 261
Penalty for Failure to Give Notice ........................................... .......................................... 261
§ 298. Claims Against Estates of Decedents .............................................................................. .. 262
§ 299. Tolling of General Statutes of Limitation .......................................................................... 262
§ 301. Claims for Money Must be Authenticated ................................. ............................. ........... 262
xxxvi
CONTENTS
§ 302. When Defects of Form Axe Waived .................................................................................. 262
§ 303. Evidence Concerning Lost or Destroyed Claims ............................................ ................... 262
§ 304. Authentication of Claim by Others Than Individual Owners ............................................ 263
§ 306. Method of Handling Secured Claims for Money ......... ...................................... ....... ......... 263
§ 307. Claims Providing for Attorney' s Fees ............................................................................... 265
§ 308. Depositing Claims With Clerk ................................ .......................................................... 265
§ 309. Memorandum of Allowance or Rejection of Claim..................... ...................................... 265
§ 310. Failure to Endorse or Annex Memorandum ...................................................................... 265
§ 311. When Claims Entered in Docket ................................... .............................................. ...... 265
§ 312. Contest of Claims, Action by Court, and Appeals ............................................................. 266
§313. Suit on Rejected Claim ................................................................................ ...................... 266
§ 314. Presentment of Claims a Prerequisite for Judgment .......................................................... 266
§ 315. Costs of Suit With Respect to Claims .. .............................................................................. 266
§ 316. Claims Against Personal Representatives .......................................................................... 266
§ 317. Claims by Personal Representatives .................................................................................. 267
§ 318. Claims Not Allowed After Order for Partition and Distribution........................................ 267
§ 319. Claims Not to be Paid Unless Approved .................................................. ......................... 267
§ 320. Order of Payment of Claims and Allowances .................................................................... 268
§ 320A. Funeral Expenses ............................................................................................................ 268
§ 321 . Deficiency of Assets .......................................................................................................... 268
§ 322. Classification of Claims Against Estates of Decedent... .................................................... 268
§ 322A. Apportionment of Taxes ................................................................................................. 269
§ 322B. Abatement of Bequests ....... .............................................................................. ............. . 272
§ 323. Joint Obligation ...................................................................,............................................. 272
§ 324. Representatives Not to Purchase Claims ~ ........................................................................ .. 272
§ 326. Owner May Obtain Order for Payment ............................................................................. 272
§ 328. Liability for Nonpayment of Claims ................................... ...... ......................................... 272
§ 329. Borrowing Money ........................................................... .................................................. 273
Part 5. Sales ............................................................................................................. 273
§ 331. Court Must Order Sales .......................... ........................................................................... 273
§ 332. Sales Authorized by Will ................................................................................................... 274
§ 333. Certain Personal Property to be Sold ................................................................................. 274
§ 334. Sales of Other Personal Property ....................................................................................... 274
§ 335. Special Provisions Pertaining to Livestock .................... ................................................... 274
§ 336. Sales of Personal Property at Public Auction .................................................................... 274
§ 337. Sales of Personal Property on Credit.. ............................................................................... 274
§ 338. Sale of Mortgaged Property .................. ............................................................................. 274
§ 339. Sales of Personal Property to be Reported; Decree Vests Title ...................................... ... 275
§ 340. Selection of Real Property to be Sold for Payment of Debts ............................................. 275
§ 341. Application for Sale of Real Estate ................................................................................... 275
§ 342. Contents of Application for Sale of Real Estate ................................................................ 275
§ 343 [repealed]. Setting of Hearing on Application .................................... ................................ 275
§ 344. Citation on Application ... ...... ............. ......................................... .. ..................... ......... .... .. 275
§ 345. Opposition to Application ................................................................................................. 275
§ 345A. Hearing on Application and Any Opposition ................................................................. 275
§ 346. Order of Sale ............................................................. ........................................................ 276
§ 347. Procedure When Representative Neglects to Apply for Sale ................. ............................ 276
§ 348. Permissible Terms of Sale of Real Estate .......................................................................... 276
§ 349. Public Sales of Real Estate ................................................................................................ 276
§ 350. Private Sales of Real Estate ........ ................... .................................................................... 277
§ 351. Sales of Easements and Right of Ways ............................................................................. 277
§ 352. Representative Purchasing Property of the Estate .. ........................................................... 277
xxxvii
CONTENTS
§ 353.
§ 354.
§ 355.
§ 356.
§ 357.
§ 358.
Reports of Sale ...................... .................... .......................... .................... .......................... 278
Bond on Sale of Real Estate .................. ..................... ....... ......................................... ....... 278
Action of Court on Report of Sale .. ........ ................................... ...................................... ....278
Deed Conveys Title to Real Estate .................................................................. .. ................ 278
Delivery of Deed, Vendor's and Deed of Trust Lien ............ .. ............ ............................... 278
Penalty for Neglect ........ ................. .................................... .. ......................... .................... 278
Part 6. Hiring and Renting ..................................................................................... 278
§ 359.
§ 360.
§ 361.
§ 362.
§ 363.
§ 364.
§ 365.
§ 366.
Hiring or Renting Without Order of Court ................................ ........................................ 279
Liability of Personal Representative ............. ............. ...... ..... ..... ....... ..... ... ................ .. ...... . 279
Order to Hire or Rent... ......... ........ ......................... ...... .................. .. ......... ......................... 279
Procedure in Case of Neglect to Rent Property ............... .................................................. 279
When Property is Hired or Rented on Credit... ......................................... .......... ............... 279
Property Hired or Rented to be Returned in Good Condition .................... .... .................... 279
Report of Hiring or Renting ................... ................................... ......................................... 279
Action of Court on Report ........... .. ............................................. .. ............... ....... .. ............. 279
Part 7. Mineral Leases, Pooling or Unitization Agreements, and Other
Matters Relating to Mineral Properties ................................................ 280
§ 367.
§ 368.
§ 369.
§ 370.
§ 371.
§ 372.
Mineral Leases After Public Notice ...................... .. ............................................ .............. 280
Mineral Leases at Private Sale .................. ........................................ .. .... .. ......................... 282
Pooling or Unitization of Royalty or Minerals ....... .. ........... ................. ............................. 282
Special Ancillary Instruments Which May Be Executed Without Court Order.. .... ........... 283
Procedure When Representative of Estate Neglects to Apply for Authority .. ......... .......... 283
Validation of Certain Leases and Pooling or Unitization Agreements Based on
Previous Statutes .... ....... ...... .................................................... ........ ..... .................... 283
Part 8. Partition and Distribution of Estates of Decedents ................................. 284
§ 373. Application for Partition and Distribution of Estates of Decedents ................................... 284
§ 374. Citation of Interested Persons .. ........ .......................................... ................. .. ..................... 284
§ 375. Citation of Executor or Administrator ..... ................................................ .. ............. ... ........ 284
§ 377. Facts to be Ascertained Upon Hearing ........................... ................................................... 284
§ 378. Decree of the Court .................................... ...................... ............................................... .. 284
§ 378A. Satisfaction of Pecuniary Bequests ................................................................................. 285
§ 378B. Allocation of Income and Expenses During Administration of Decedent's Estate ......... 285
§ 379. Partition When Estate Consists of Money or Debts Only .................... .... ......... .......... ....... 286
§ 380. Partition and Distribution When Property is Capable of Division ..................................... 286
§ 381. Partition and Distribution When Property of an Estate is Incapable of Division ............... 287
§ 382. Property Located in Another County .................................................... ...... ................... .... 287
§ 384. Damages for Neglect to Deliver Property ........ ... ........... ....... .... ... ...................................... 287
§ 385. Partition of Community Property ....... .................... .................................. .. .. .. ....... .. .......... 287
§ 386. Partition of Property Jointly Owned ................... ............................. ............................ ...... 287
§ 387. Expense of Partition ....... .......... ................................................................................... ...... 288
Part lOA. Stocks, Bonds, and Other Personal Property ...................................... 288
§ 398A. Holding of Stocks, Bonds, and Other Personal Property by Personal
Representatives in Name of Nominee ................................................................ ...... 288
Part 11. Annual Accounts and Other Exhibits ..................................................... 288
§ 399. Annual Accounts Required .................... ................................... ... ....... ......................... ...... 288
§ 400. Penalty for Failure to File Annual Account ....... ...... ............. ............. ..... ........................... 289
§ 401. Action Upon Annual Accounts .................... ...... ........ ................. ...... .. .. ........... ............. .. ... 289
XXXVlll
CONTENTS
§ 402. Additional Exhibits of Estates of Decedents ...................... .. ................................. ............ 290
§ 403 . Penalty for Failure to File Exhibits or Reports ....................................... .. ........... ........ ...... 290
Part 12. Final Settlement, Accounting, and Discharge ........................................ 290
§ 404. Closing Administration of Estates of Decedents ..... ...................................... .................... 290
§ 405 . Account for Final Settlement of Estates of Decedents ........ ....................... .............. .......... 290
§ 405A. Delivery of Property .............................. ........................................................ ................. 291
§ 406. Procedure in Case of Neglect or Failure to File Final Account; Payments Due
Meantime .. .................. ...... ............ ............................................................... ....... ..... 291
§ 407. Citation Upon Presentation of Account for Final Settlement ................................ ............ 291
§ 408. Action of the Court ........................................................................ .................................... 291
§ 409. Money Becoming Due Pending Final Discharge ....................... ...... .................... ........ ...... 291
§ 410. Inheritance Taxes Must be Paid ...... .... ........................................................... ............. ... .... 292
§ 412. Offsets, Credits, and Bad Debts .............. ................................................. ............... ........... 292
414. Procedure if Representative Fails to Deliver Estate ... ....................................... ............... ..... 292
Chapter X. Payment of Estates into State Treasury ................................................ 292
§ 427. When Estates to be Paid Into State Treasury ................... ..... ............................................. 292
§ 428. Indispensability of Comptroller as Party .......................................... ............ ................ ..... 292
§ 429. Penalty for Neglect to Notify Comptroller ........... .. ........................................................... 292
§ 430.
§ 431.
§ 432.
§ 433 .
Receipt of Comptroller ................................... ...................................................... ............. 292
Penalty for Failure to Make Payments to Comptroller ............................................... ....... 293
Comptroller May Enforce Payment and Collect Damages ........ ......... ............................... 293
Suit for the Recovery of Funds Paid to the Comptroller.. ........................ .......................... 293
Chapter Xl. Nontestamentary Transfers .................................................................. 293
Part 1. Multiple-Party Accounts ............................................................................ 293
§ 436. DefInitions ............. ..... .............. ................................................. ........................................ 294
§ 437. Ownership as Between Parties and Others .... .......... ................................. ........ ................. 294
§ 438. Ownership During Lifetime ................................ ... .................................. ................. ......... 295
§ 438A. Convenience Account.. .......................................... .. .......... .. ......... ............. .. ............. .. .... 295
§ 439. Right of Survivorship .. .... .. ...... ........................... ............................. ..................... ..... ........ 296
§ 439A. Uniform Single-Party or Multiple-Party Account Form ..... ......................... .. .. ............... 296
§ 440. Effect of Written Notice to Financial Institution ..................... ............................. ............ . 298
§ 441. Accounts and Transfers Nontestamentary .................... ......... ... .... ................. .. .................. 298
§ 442. Rights of Creditors .............................. ...... ...... ..................................................... .. ........... 298
§ 443 . Protection of Financial Institutions .............. ............... ..... ................................. .. ............... 298
§ 444. Payment on Signature of One Party ............................................................ ....................... 298
§ 445. Payment of Joint Account After Death or Disability .......................... ................ ............ ... 299
§ 446. Payment ofP.O.D. Account ............................................................. .............................. ... 299
§ 447. Payment of Trust Account.. ............................. ....... .. ...... ........ .. ........ .............. .............. .. ... 299
§ 448. Discharge from Claims ............. ....... ............................. ....... ... ....................... ............. .. ..... 299
§ 449 . Set-Off to Financial Institution ........................ .................... .. ............... .. ............ .. ... .......... 299
Part 2. Provisions Relating to Effect of Death ...................................................... 299
§ 450. Provisions for Payment or Transfer at Death .............................. ....................................... 299
Part 3. Community Property with Right of Survivorship ................................... 300
§ 451 . Right of Survivorship ................. ......................... ........................................... ................ ... 300
§ 452. Formalities ................................................................ .............. ........................................... 300
§ 453. Ownership and Management During Marriage .. ................................. .. ............ .. .. .. .......... 300
XXXIX
CONTENTS
§ 454.
§ 455.
§ 456.
§ 457.
§ 458.
§ 459.
§ 460.
§ 461.
§ 462.
Transfers Nontestamentary ................................... .. .. ................................ ............ ............. 301
Revocation .................................................... ...... ..... ....... ............................. ................ ...... 301
Proof of Agreement ....... .. .... ........ .......... .. ........ ..... ....... ..... .. .. ............... ...... ...... .. ......... ....... 301
Action of Court on Agreement ........................ ....................................... .. ...... ...... ............. 301
Effect of Order .. ............................ .. .... .. ........................ ............... ....... .. .. ................ .......... 301
Custody of Adjudicated Agreements ................ ................ .. .. .................. .. .. ......... .............. 301
Protection of Persons or Entities Acting Without Knowledge or Notice ...... .. ................... 302
Rights of Creditors ........................................ ............ .... .................................. .. .......... .. .... 303
Coordination with Part 1 of Chapter XI ............ .. ............ ........................ .. .. ........... .. .......... 303
~
Chapter XI-A. Provisions Applicable to Certain Nontestamentary
Transfers ...................................................................................................... 303
§ 471 . Definitions .. .. .. ...... ..................... .. ...... .. ............ ......... ............. ..... .. .... ......... ......... ............... 303
§ 472. Revocation of Certain Nontestamentary Transfers on Dissolution of Marriage .... .. ......... 304
§ 473 . Liability for Certain Payments, Benefits, and Property ........ .. ...... .......................... ...... ..... 304
Chapter XII. Durable Power of Attorney Act .......................................................... 304
§ 481 . Short Title ............ .......... ........ ...... ...... .. .. .......... .. ..... .. .. ..... ...... ..... .. .. .. .. ....... ..... .. .......... .. .. ... 304
§ 482. Definition .. .. .. .. ................... .. ........ .. .. ...... ...... ...... ....... ............ .. .... .. ..................... ........ .. ..... 305
§ 483. Duration.. .. ........... .. .... ................. ..................... .. .......... .... ....... ................ .... .... .. .. .. .. ... ... ..... 305
§ 484. Effect of Acts by Attorney in Fact or Agent During Incapacity ofPrincipal... .................. 305
§ 485. Relation of Attorney in Fact or Agent to Court-Appointed Guardian of Estate ................. 305
§ 485A. Effect of Principal's Divorce or Marriage Annulment if Former Spouse is
Attorney in Fact or Agent.. ................................ ................................ .... ................... 305
§ 486. Knowledge of Death, Guardian of Estate, Revocation, Divorce, or Marriage
Annulment; Good-Faith Acts ...... ..... .......... .................................... ... ........ ............ ... 306
§ 487. Affidavit of Lack of Knowledge or Termination of Power; Recording; Good-Faith
Reliance ....... .. .......... .... ................... ........... ..................... ...... ...... ....... ....... .. ...... ....... 306
§ 487A. Effect of Bankruptcy Proceeding ..................... .. .... .. .. ..... ......... ........ ............................... 306
§ 488. Revocation of Durable Power of Attorney ......................................... .................. .... ......... 306
§ 489. Recording Durable Power of Attorney for Real Property Transactions ............................. 306
§ 489B. Duty to Inform and Account.. ................. ................................................................. .. ..... 307
§ 490. Statutory Durable Power of Attorney ................. ........... ...................................... ............ .. 307
§ 491. Construction of Powers Generally .. .. ................................ ....................... .. .. ....... .. .... .... .. ... 309
§ 492. Construction of Power Relating to Real Property Transactions ........................................ 309
§ 493 . Construction of Power Relating to Tangible Personal Property Transactions ................ ... 310
§ 494. Construction of Power Relating to Stock and Bond Transactions ...................... ............... 310
§ 495. Construction of Power Relating to Commodity and Option Transactions ..... .................... 310
§ 496. Construction of Power Relating to Banking and Other Financial Institution
Transactions ... .. ........................... ........................ ................ .... .. .. ......... .................... 310
§ 497. Construction of Power Relating to Business Operation Transactions ................ ... ...... ...... 311
§ 498. Construction of Power Relating to Insurance Transactions ............. .............. ........ ............ 312
§ 499. Construction of Power Relating to Estate, Trust, and Other Beneficiary
Transactions ........ .... ............................................... ........... ...... ....... ................... ...... . 312
§ 500. Construction of Power Relating to Claims and Litigation ... .. .. .. ........................... .. .. ......... 312
§ 501. Construction of Power Relating to Personal and Family Maintenance .... ................... ....... 313
§ 502. Construction of Power Relating to Benefits From Certain Governmental Programs
or Civil or Military Service ............... .. ................................. ................. .. ................. 313
§ 503. Construction of Power Relating to Retirement Plan Transactions ... ............................ .... .. 314
§ 504. Construction of Power Relating to Tax Matters .......... ............. .................................. ....... 314
§ 505. Existing Interest; Foreign Interests ... .. .................. .. ....... .... .. .......... ............... .... ......... ........ 314
§ 506. Uniformity of Application and Construction ....... ............ .. ..... ............. .... ......... .. ............... 314
xl
CONTENTS
Chapter XIII. Guardianship ...................................................................................... 314
Part 1. General Provisions ...................................................................................... 315
Subpart A. Definitions; Purpose; Applicability; Proceedings in Rem ...... ........................... .............. 315
§ 601 .
§ 602.
§ 603 .
§ 604.
Definitions ................ ........................ .... ........................... .................................................. 315
Policy; Purpose of Guardianship ...................... ........ ............ ............ ............... ............... ... 316
Laws Applicable to Guardianships ...... .. .......... ................... ........... .................................... 316
Proceeding In Rem .............................................................................. .. ............................ 316
Part 2. Guardianship Proceedings and Matters ................................................... 316
Subpart A. Jurisdiction ............... ........................... ................................. ........................................... 316
§ 605 .
§ 606.
§ 607.
§ 608 .
§ 609.
County Court Jurisdiction ................................................................... .. .................. ..... ...... 316
Jurisdiction with Respect to Guardianship Proceedings ........ .. .... .... .................................. 316
Matters Appertaining and Incident to an Estate ................ .......... ....................................... 318
Transfer of Guardianship Proceeding .................................... .......... .... .............................. 318
Contested Guardianship of the Person of a Minor ...... ....................................................... 318
Subpart B. Venue ......... ............... .. .......................... ........ ................................. .................................. 318
§ 610.
§ 611.
§ 612.
§613.
§ 614.
§ 615.
§ 616.
§ 617.
§ 618.
Venue for Appointment of Guardian ............. .................................................................... 319
Concurrent Venue and Transfer for Want of Venue ..... .................. ............. ...................... 319
Application for Transfer of Guardianship to Another County .................................... ....... 319
Notice ......... ..... .. ........... ....... ...... ............................... ...................... .. ..... ....................... ..... 319
Court Action ................... ............................................................. .. .... .. ........... ..... ..... ......... 319
Transcript of Record .. .... .. .............. ... ............ ........ ............................................................. 319
Removal Effective .. ......... ............... ......................................................... .......................... 320
Continuation of Guardianship ....................... .. ........... ................ .................... ................... 320
New Guardian Appointed on Remova1... ................................ ........................ ................. .. 320
Subpart C. Duties and Records of Clerk ...................... .. ......... .......................... ..... .. .......................... 320
§ 621. Application and Other Papers to be Filed With Clerk ........ ........................ ....................... 320
§ 622. Costs and Security ............ .... .................. .......... ............................. .................. ....... ........... 320
§ 623 . Judge's Guardianship Docket ..................... ................. .. ..... ......... .. ...... ......... ............ .. .... ... 320
§ 624. Claim Docket... .. .. .... ........ ....................... .......................... ......... ........ ................ .... ............ 320
§ 625. Case Files ................. .. ...... ........ ........ .......... ....................... .......... .. ...... .......................... .... 321
§ 626. Guardianship Fee Book.. .................................................... ..... ... ............. .......................... 321
§ 627. Maintaining Records in Lieu of Record Books ....................... .......................................... 321
§ 627A. Index .......................... ............. ............ .... ...... ............. .... ... ............... ................ ............... 321
§ 628. Use of Records as Evidence .................................................... .......................................... 321
§ 629. Call of the Dockets ................. ...... .. .............. ......................... ...... .. .. .................................. 321
§ 630. Clerk May Set Hearings ................................... .. .. ....... ........ ..... ..... .................................... 321
§ 631. Clerk's Duties .................. .... ...... ............ ................................................... ........ ................. 321
Subpart D. Service and Notice .... .................. ........ .............. ....... .... .................... .......... ...................... 322
§ 632. Issuance, Contents, Service, and Return of Citation, Notices, and Writs in
Guardianship Matters ... .... .... .................... ................................................................ 322
§ 633 . Notice and Citation ....... ............ ......... ....... ... ...... ...... ................................ ........................ .. 324
§ 634. Service on Attomey ... ........ .............. .............................................. ....... .............. ....... ...... .. 324
§ 635. Waiver of Notice ................................... ............ ............ .. ....................... ......... .............. .... 325
§ 636. Notices to Department of Veterans Affairs by Guardians ................................................. 325
xli
CONTENTS
Subpart E. Trial and Hearing Matters .............................................. .............. .. .................................. 325
§ 64l. Defects in Pleading ......... ..................................................................... ............. ......... ........ 325
§ 642. Standing to Commence or Contest Proceeding ......................................... ..... ................... 325
§ 643. Trial by Jury .......... .. .... .............. .......... .. ........................ .. .... .............. ........................ .. ...... 325
§ 644. Hearing by Submission ............ ....... .. .... ... .. ........ .. ... ...... ....... ..... ............ .......... .. ................. 325
§ 645. Guardians Ad Litem ............................ .... .. ........... ............................... .. ...... ........ ...... ........ 326
§ 645A. bnmunity .............. ................................ .................................................. ........................ 326
§ 646. Appointment of Attorney ad Litem and Interpreter ................................... ........................ 326
§ 647. Duties of Attorney Ad Litem ....................................... ................ ............ .. ......... ............... 326
§ 647 A. Certification Requirement for Certain Court-Appointed Attorneys ....... ................. ........ 326
§ 648. Court Visitor Program ....................................................... ................................................ 327
§ 648A. Duties of Court Investigator .. ...... ...................................... ............................................. 327
§ 649. Evidence .... ............................................................. ~...................... ............... ............... ...... 327
§ 650. Decrees and Signing of Minutes ........................................... .................... .............. ...... ..... 328
§ 651. Enforcement of Orders ............ ...... ...................................................... .... ....... ........... ........ 328
Subpart F. Post-Trial Matters .......... .... ...... ..... .............. .. ........................... ...... .. .... ... .......................... 328
§ 653.
§ 654.
§ 655.
§ 656.
§ 657.
Execution ................... ......................... .. ................... .. ............................ ........................ .... 328
Attachment for Property ..... ........... ............................... ........... ................ .......................... 328
Guardian to Serve Pending Appeal of Appointment ........... .................... ....... ................... 328
Appeal Bond of Guardian ........................................................................ ................ .......... 328
Bill of Review ... ...... ..... .......... ................ ......... ........ ................. ........................ ............. .... 328
Subpart G. Letters of Guardianship .......... ...... .... .......... ..... ...... ........ .. ....... ........... .. ....... ............... ...... 328
§ 659.
§ 660.
§ 66l.
§ 662.
§ 663.
Issuance of Letters of Guardianship ....... ...................................... ..................................... 328
Letters or Order Made Evidence ................ ... .. ............... ............................................ ........ 329
Issuance of New Letters ........................................................................ ............................ 329
Rights of Third Persons Dealing With Guardian ................................ ........ ....................... 329
Validation of Certain Letters of Guardianship .................................... ........ ....................... 329
Subpart H. Compensation, Expenses, and Court Costs ............ ........ ........................................:......... 329
§ 665. Compensation of Guardians and Temporary Guardians .... ................................................ 329
§ 665A. Payment for Professional Services ................................................................................. 330
§ 665B. Compensation of Certain Attorneys ................................................................................ 330
§ 665C. Compensation for Collection ofClairns and Recovery of Property ................................ 330
§ 666. Expenses Allowed ............. ........ ...... .... ........ .. ............... .............. ...... .. ........................ ....... 330
§667. Expense Account ....................... ........ .... ..... ..... ................... ............. ...... ..... ..... .... ..... ......... 331
§ 668. Costs Adjudged Against Guardian .......................... ..................... ..................................... 331
§ 669. Costs Against Guardianship .............................................................................................. 331
Subpart I. Duty and Responsibility of Court .... ......................................................... .................... ..... 331
§ 671 . Judge's Duty ......................... ............ .. .......... .... .. ............... ................................................ 331
§ 672. Annual Determination Whether Guardianship Should be Continued, Modified, or
Terminated ........................ ........ ......................... .. .................................... .. ...... ........ 331
Subpart 1. Liability of Guardian ............................... ....... .. .... .... ........................... .......... ................... 332
§ 673. Liability of Guardian for Conduct of Ward ................................... .................................... 332
xlii
CONTENTS
Part 3. Appointment and Qualification of Guardians ......................................... 332
Subpart A. Appointment .......... .... .. .... ..... ............ .... ..... .. ..... .. ..... .... ...... .... ...... ...... .. .... ... ... ... .. .. ... ..... ... 332
§ 674. Immunity of Guardianship Program ... ...... .. ........ ..... ....... .. .... ............. ............ .......... ... ... ... . 332
§ 675 . Rights and Powers Retained by Ward .. ................. .... ... .. .... ....... ...... ... .. ... .... ...... .... .... ...... .. 332
§ 676. Guardians of Minors ........ ....... .. .. ......... .. .. .. ....... .... ......... ... ..... ... ....... ... .. ... ........ .... ... .......... . 332
§ 677 . Guardians of Persons Other Than Minors .. ............ ..................... ... ...... .. ........................... 333
§ 677 A. Written Declarations by Certain Parents to Appoint Guardians for Their
Children .... .......... .. ... .. ..... ........ ........................................ ........ .... .. .... .......... ..... .... .... 333
§ 677B. Proof of Written Declaration of Certain Parents to Designate Children's
Guardian ....... ... .... .. .... ...... .. .... .. ... ...... .. ......... ... .. .. ..... ............... .. ........ ... .... ........ ......... 334
§ 678. Presumption Concerning Best Interest .... ... .. .. .... .. .. .... .... ........ ......... ... .. .. ........ .. ...... ........... 335
§ 679 . Designation of Guardian Before Need Arises ...... ......... .. ... ...... ..... .... .......... .. .... ................ 335
§ 679A. Proof of Written Declaration to Designate Guardian Before Need Arises ...... .... ... .... ..... 336
§ 680. Selection of Guardian by Minor ......... ... ... .... ........ ........ .. ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .. ....... ........ .. .... 337
§ 681. Persons Disqualified to Serve as Guardians ..... .... ....... ...... ... .... ..... .. ..... ... .... ........ ... ........... 337
§ 682 . Application; Contents .... ....... ..... .... .... ..................... ... .... ........... ....... ... .. .. ... .... .. ...... ... ......... 337
§ 682A. Application for Appointment of Guardian for Certain Persons ...... .... .. .. ....... ... ... ........... 338
§ 683 . Court's Initiation of Guardianship Proceedings .. .......... ..... .. .... ..... .. ... .. ..... ... ............. ........ 338
§ 683A. Infonnation Letter ..... ........... .... ... ..... .... ... .... .... .... ... ........... ...... ....... .. ... ............. .. ............ 339
§ 684. Findings Required ........ ... ...... ... ... ... .............. .. .. ...... ..... ... ....... .... ...... .... ..... ........ ... ... ....... .... 339
§ 685 . Hearing for Appointment of Guardian; Right to Jury Trial ....... .. .. ....... ....... ........ ........ ...... 339
§ 686. Use of Records in Hearing to Appoint Guardian ....... ........ ............. .... ........... ... ........ .... ..... 340
§ 687. Examinations and Reports ......... .......... ................................. .. ........ ...... ... ......... ..... ........ .... 340
§ 689. Preference of Ward ...... .......... ...... ...... ......... ........ ........... ... ..... .................... ........ .... ......... ... 341
§ 690. Persons Appointed Guardian ..... .... ........... ....................... .. ............... .. .. ... .... .... ........ .......... 341
§ 692. Dismissal of Application ............ .. .. .... ... .... .:.... .... .. .... .... ................................ ... ........ .... ..... 341
§ 693 . Order of Court .... .......... .. .... ... ..... ....... ... ............................ ... ... ... .... ...... ..... ..... .. .. .... ... ......... 341
§ 694. Tenn of Appointment of Guardian .... .. .. ....................... .. ........ ...... ... ..... .... ....... ... ..... ........ .. 342
§ 694A. Complete Restoration of Ward' s Capacity or Modification of Guardianship .. .. ..... ..... ... 342
§ 694B. Contents of Application ....... .. .. .. ...... ... ....... ... ..... ...... .... .. ....... .. .. ....... .... ... .. ... ........ ...... ..... 342
§ 694C. Appointment of Attorney ad Litem ........ ... ...... .. .... ....... .... .. ....... ....... ..... .......... ..... ....... .... 343
§ 694D. Hearing ...... ......... .. ........... ............ .. .......... .. ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ................... .. .. .... ... ..... .. ...... ... .... 343
§ 694E. Findings Required ................................................................. .. .. .. ................ .. .... ...... .. ...... 343
§ 694F. Examinations and Reports Relating to Complete Restoration of Ward's Capacity
or Modification of Guardianship .... .. .... ...... ......... ........ .. .... .... ............................. .. .... 343
§ 694G. Order of Complete Restoration of Ward' s Capacity .. .. .............. .. .. .... .... ............ .. .. .. .. ..... 344
§ 694H. Modification of Guardianship .. ......................................... ... .............. .... ...... ..... ...... ....... . 344
§ 6941. Dismissal of Application .. .. ............... .. .. .......... .................................................... .. ... ...... .. 344
§ 6941. Contents of Order.. ....... ......................... .... .. .... .. ............. .. ...... .. .. .. .................. .. ... .... ... .. .... 344
§ 694K. Attorney Retained on Ward's Behalf... .. .. ...... .. .. .... ...... .... ...... .. ........ ...... .. .. .. ...... .. ........... 344
§ 694L. Payment for Guardians Ad Litem .. .. .. .......................... ........ .................... .. .... .. ...... .... .. ... 344
§ 695 . Appointment of Successor Guardian .... ...... ........ .... .. .. .... .. .... .. ........................ .. .... ...... .. ..... 345
§ 695A. Successor Guardians for Wards of Guardianship Programs or Governmental
Entities ... ....... .. ........ ................... ......... ... ...... ..................... .................... ... .... .. ..... .. ... 345
§ 696. Appointment of Private Professional Guardians ........ .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. ...... .... ...... ........ 345
§ 696A. Appointment of Public Guardians ...... .... .. ...... .................... ...... .. .. .. .. ...... .. .............. .. ...... 345
§ 696B. Appointment of Family Members or Friends ...................... .. .......... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .... .. 345
§ 697. Registration of Private Professional Guardians ............ .. .......................... .. .... .. .. .......... .. .. . 345
§ 697 A. List of Certain Public Guardians Maintained by County Clerks or Guardianship
Certification Board .. .. .. ........ .... ... ... ... ... ...... .... ..... .... ...... ........... ............. .. ...... ... .... .. .. . 346
xliii
CONTENTS
§ 697B. Certification Requirement for Private Professional Guardians and Public
Guardians ............ ... ..................................................... .. ........................................... 346
§ 698. Access to Criminal History Records ...................................................... .. .... ...................... 346
Subpart B. Qualification .................................................. .................................................................. 347
§ 699. How Guardians Qualify ..................................................................................................... 347
§ 700. Oath of Guardian ............................................... .............. ...... .. ........................ .................. 348
§ 701. Time for Taking Oath and Giving Bond...................... ...................................................... 348
§ 702. Bond Required of Guardian of the Person or Estate ............................................... ........... 348
§ 702A. Types of Bonds Acceptable for Guardian of the Person ................................................. 348
§ 703 . Bond of Guardian ofthe Estate ......................................................................................... 348
§ 704. Form of Bond ....................................... ........... .................................................................. 350
§ 705. Bond to be Filed ................................. ..................................................... .......................... 350
§ 706. Bond of Joint Guardians ..................................................................... .. ........................... .. 350
§ 707. Bond of Married Persons ................................. .......................... .. .. .... ................................ 350
§ 708. Bond of Married Person Younger Than 18 Years of Age ................... ............................... 350
§ 708A. Bond of Guardianship Program ................... ....................... ............................................ 350
§ 709. Affidavit of Personal Surety; Lien on Specific Property When Required;
Subordination of Lien Authorized ............................................... ............................. 350
§ 710. Bond as Lien on Real Property of Surety ............................................... ........................... 351
§ 711. When New Bond May be Required ...... .............................................. .............................. . 351
§ 712. Demand for New Bond by Interested Person ........... ................................. ........................ 351
§ 713 . Judge to Require New Bond ............................................. .......... .... .................................. . 351
§ 714. Order Requiring New Bond ................................... ................ ............................................ 351
§ 715 . Order Suspends Powers of Guardians .......................................... ............... ........... .. ......... 352
§ 716. Decrease in Amount of Bond .................. ........................ .................................... .............. 352
§ 717. Discharge of Sureties on Execution of New Bond ...... ............................................... ....... 352
§ 718. Release of Sureties Before Guardianship Fully Administered........................................... 352
§ 719. Release of Lien Before Guardianship Fully Administered ........................................ ........ 352
§ 720. Release of Recorded Lien on Surety's Property ............... .. ............................................... 352
§ 721. Revocation of Letters for Failure to Give Bond ........................................ ........................ 352
§ 722. Guardian Without Bond Required to Give Bond ............................................................... 352
§ 723 . Order Requiring Bond ...................................................... ............ .. .......................... ...... ... 352
§ 724. Amount of Bond .......................................................................... ...... ................... ............ . 353
§ 725 . Failure to Give Bond ........................................................... .. .......................... .................. 353
§ 726. Bonds Not Void on First Recovery ................................................................ ................... 353
Part 4. Administration of Guardianship ............................................................... 353
Subpart A. Inventory, Appraisement, and List of Claims ................... ......................... .. .................... 353
§ 727. Appointment of Appraisers ............................................ ........................... .................... .... 353
§ 728. Failure of Appraiser to Serve ............................................................................................. 353
§ 729. Inventory and Appraisement ................ ................................ ..................................... ...... .. 353
§ 730. List of Claims ................................................... ................................. ......................... .. ..... 353
§ 731.
§ 732.
§ 733.
§ 734.
§ 735.
§ 736.
§ 737.
Affidavit Attached .................. .. .. ...... ................ .. .... ............................................... ........ .... 354
Appraiser Fees .............................. ...................... ............................. ................... ........... .... 354
Court Action ............ ...... ............................. ................................................ ........... ............ 354
Discovery of Additional Property ...................................................................... ................ 354
Additional Inventory or List of Claims ...................................................................... ........ 354
Correction When Inventory, Appraisement, or List of Claims Erroneous or Unjust.. ....... 354
Effect of Reappraisement .................... .............................................................................. 354
xliv
CONTENTS
§ 738. Failure of Joint Guardians to Return an Inventory, Appraisement, and List of
Claims .......... ... ............................ ............................................................................ . 355
§ 739. Use of Inventories, Appraisements, and Lists of Claims as Evidence .................... ....... .... 355
Subpart B. Annual Accounts, Reports, and Other Exhibits ............. ..................... ............................ . 355
§ 741 .
§ 742.
§ 743.
§ 744.
Annual Accounts Required ......................................... ....................... .. .. ............................ 355
Action on Annual Accounts ...................................................................... ........................ 356
Reports of Guardians of the Person .................... .... .. ............................................ ............. 356
Penalty for Failure to File Accountings, Exhibits, or Reports ........................................... 357
Subpart C. Final Settlement, Accounting, and Discharge ............... .. ................................................. 358
§ 745.
§ 746.
§ 747.
§ 748.
§ 749.
§ 750.
§ 751.
§ 752.
§ 753 .
§ 754.
§ 755 .
§ 756.
§ 757.
§ 758.
Settling Guardianships of the Estate ............ ...................................................................... 358
Payment of Funeral Expenses and Other Debts on Death of Ward .. .. ............................... 358
Termination of Guardianship of the Person .................................... .. .. ............. .................. 358
Payment by Guardian of Taxes or Expenses ........................................................ ...... ....... 358
Account for Final Settlement of Estates of Wards ............................................................. 359
Procedure in Case of Neglect or Failure to File Final Account or Report ......................... 359
Citation on Presentation of Account for Final Settlement ................................................. 359
Court Action; Closing of Guardianship of Ward's Estate ................................................. 359
Money Becoming Due Pending Final Discharge ................................ .. .. ........................... 360
Inheritance Taxes Must be Paid ............ .. ......................................... ....... .. ......................... 360
Appointment of Attorney to Represent Ward ................................... ................................. 360
Offsets, Credits, and Bad Debts ................................................... .. ............ ........................ 360
Accounting for Labor or Services of a Ward .................................................................. ... 360
Procedure if Representative Fails to Deliver Estate .... ...................... ........ ................. ........ 360
Subpart D. Revocation of Letters, Death, Resignation, and Removal .......... ..................................... 360
§ 759 . Appointment of Successor Guardian ................... ................ ......................... .......... ........... 361
§ 760. Resignation ............................................................. ............................................... ............ 361
§ 760A. Change of Resident Agent ..................................... .............. .... .... .. ...... ...................... .. ... 362
§ 760B. Resignation of Resident Agent .............. ................ .......... .. ............................................. 362
§ 761(a). Removal (House Bill 230 Version) ..................................................... .. ........................ 362
§ 761 (a). Removal (House Bill 1191 Version) .... ...................... .................................. ............ ..... 362
§ 761(a). Removal (Senate Bill 346 Version) .................................... ........................ ................... 363
§ 761 . Removal .... .... .............................................. ................................................... ................... 363
§ 762. Reinstatement After Removal .......... ............................. ............................. ....................... 364
§ 763. Additional Powers of Successor Guardian ........................................................................ 364
§ 764. Subsequent Guardians Succeed to Prior Rights and Duties ................ ....................... .. ...... 364
§ 765 . Successors' Return ofInventory, Appraisement, and List of Claims ................................ 364
Subpart E. General Duties and Powers of Guardians ................................................................. ........ 364
§ 767. Powers and Duties of Guardians of the Person .. ...... .......... ...................... .... .......... ............ 364
§ 768. General Powers and Duties of Guardian of the Estate ........................ ....................... ........ 365
§ 769. Summary of Powers of Guardian of Person and Estate ................... ............... .. ................. 365
§ 770. Care of Ward; Commitment .......... .. .......................... ........................................................ 365
§ 770A. Administration of Medication ....... ...... .. .......................................................................... 365
Subpart F. Specific Duties and Powers of Guardians ........... ............................................................. 365
§ 771. Guardian of Estate: Possession of Personal Property and Records .................................... 365
§ 772. Collection of Claims and Recovery of Property ................................................................ 366
§ 773. Suit by Guardian of Estate .............................. .. .................. ............................................... 366
xlv
CONTENTS
§ 774. Exercise of Power With or Without Court Order .............................................................. 366
§ 775 . Possession of Property Held in Common Ownership .... ...... .............................................. 366
§ 776. Sums Allowable for Education and Maintenance of Ward ........................ ........................ 366
§ 776A. Sums Allowable for Education and Maintenance of Ward's Spouse or
§ 777.
§ 778.
§ 779.
§ 780.
§ 781 .
§ 782.
Dependent ................. ............................... ... ........................................... ............ ...... 367
Sums Allowed Parents for Education and Maintenance of Minor Ward ........................... 367
Title of Wards Not to be Disputed ........ ................................................................... .......... 367
Operation of Farm, Ranch, Factory, or Other Business ..................................................... 367
Administration of Partnership Interest by Guardian .......................... ............. ................... 368
Borrowing Money ............................. ........................ ...................... .. ................ ................ 368
Powers, Duties, and Obligations of Guardian of Person Entitled to Government
Funds .......................................... .................... .......................................................... 368
Subpart G. Claims Procedures .......................... .............. .............. ................... ................... ............... 369
§ 783 . Notice by Guardian of Appointment ........................................................ ......................... 369
§ 784. Notice to Holders of Recorded Claims .............................................. ................................ 369
§ 785 . One Notice Sufficient; Penalty for Failure to Give Notice ........ ........................................ 369
§ 786.
§ 787.
§ 788.
§ 789.
§ 790.
§ 791.
§ 792.
§ 793.
§ 794.
§ 795 .
§ 796.
§ 797.
§ 798.
§ 799.
§ 800.
§ 801.
§ 802.
§ 803.
§ 804.
§ 805.
§ 806.
§ 807.
§ 808.
§ 809.
Claims Against Wards ....................................................... .. .... ........ .................................. 369
Tolling of General Statutes of Limitation ........ ................ .................................................. 369
Claims Must be Authenticated .......................................................................................... 370
When Defects of Form are Waived .................................................... .... ........................... 370
Evidence Concerning Lost or Destroyed Claims ............................ ................................... 370
Authentication of Claim by Others Than Individual Owners .... .. .... ......... ......................... 370
Guardian's Payment of Unauthenticated Claims ............. .. ...... .. ....... .. ............................... 370
Method of Handling Secured Claims ...................... ................ ................................ ...... .... 370
Claims Providing for Attorney's Fees ........ .... .. .......... ....................................................... 371
Depositing Claims With Clerk ......................................................... .. .. ............................. 371
Memorandum of Allowance or Rejection of Claim ................... ........................................ 371
Failure to Endorse or Annex Memorandum ................................................................... ... 371
Claims Entered in Docket... ............................................................................................... 371
Contest of Claims, Action by Court, and Appeals ...... ................... .................................... 371
Suit on Rejected Claim .................................. .............................................................. ...... 371
Presentment of Claims a Prerequisite for Judgment.. ..................................... ................... 372
Costs of Suit With Respect to Claims .. ..................................... ..................................... .... 372
Claims by Guardians .......................................................................... ............................... 372
Claims Not to be Paid Unless Approved ....................................... .................... ................ 372
Order of Payment of Claims ............................................ ................................. .. ............... 372
Deficiency of Assets ...... ................. .... ..................... ..... ............. ......... .................... ........... 372
Guardian Not to Purchase Claims ...................................................................................... 372
Proceeds of Sale of Mortgaged Property ........ .. ..................................................... ............ 373
Liability for Nonpayment of Claims ............ .. .. ....................... .. ... .. .................................... 373
Subpart H. Sales ......... ... ................. ................................................................................... ................ 373
§ 811 .
§ 812.
§ 813.
§ 814.
§ 815.
§ 816.
Court Must Order Sales .................... .. ........................... ................ .................................... 373
Certain Personal Property to be Sold .............. ............ .................... ................................. .. 373
Sales of Other Personal Property ........... ............................................. ....................... ........ 373
Special Provisions Pertaining to Livestock .................. ..................................................... 373
Sales of Personal Property at Public Auction .................................................................... 374
Sales of Personal Property on Credit ................................ ................................................. 374
§ 817. Sale of Mortgaged Property .............................. ................................................................. 374
§ 818. Sales of Personal Property Reported; Decree Vests Title .......................... ........................ 374
§ 819. Selection of Real Property Sold for Payment ofDebts ................................................. ~ .. . 374
xlvi
CONTENTS
§ 820. Application for Sale of Real Estate ............ .. ....... .. ...... ..... ...... ......... ....... ........ ... .. ...... ........ 374
§ 821. Contents of Application for Sale of Real Estate ...... ...... .. ...... .. .................. .... ..... ......... ...... 375
§ 822 [repealed]. Setting of Hearing on Application ............ ....... .... ........ ...... ............ .. .... .. .. ... ...... 375
§ 823 . Citation on Application ......... .... ........................... ... .. ......... .... .... ................... .......... .. ........ 375
§ 824. Opposition to Application .............. .................... ...... .... .. .. ............ .. ............... .. ... ... .... .:...... 375
§ 824A. Hearing on Application and Any Opposition ........ .. ..... ...... .. ............... .. .. .. .... .... .. .... ..... .. 375
§ 825. Order of Sale ....... .. .......... .... .. .......... ...... ............. ....... .......... .. .... .................. .. ... ... .. .... ..... .. . 375
§ 826. Procedure When Guardian Neglects to Apply For Sale .............. .. ............ ..... .. .. ................ 375
§ 827. Permissible Terms of Sale of Real Estate ........ .. ........................ ..... ...... .... ......................... 376
§ 828. Public Sale of Real Estate ...... .... .. .. ............ ........... ......................... .. .............. ........ ............ 376
§ 829. Private Sale of Real Estate .. ................................ ...... ................... ... ..... ... .. .... .. .. .. ...... ........ 376
§ 830. Sales of Easements and Rights of Way ............... .. ...... .... ........... .... ................................... 377
§ 831. Guardian Purchasing Property of the Estate ...................................... ... ....... .. .... ................ 377
§ 832. Report of Sale ............... ...... .. ......... .. ............. ............. ................ ...... .... .. .. ...... .. ..... ............ . 377
§ 833. Bond on Sale of Real Estate ... ...... .... ....... .. ............... ............ ............................................. 377
§ 834.
§ 835.
§ 836.
§ 837.
Action of Court on Report of Sale .... ... ... .. .. .... ....... ...... .. .. .. ..... ....... .................................... 377
Deed Conveys Title to Real Estate .... .... ...... .. ...................... .... .... .. ....... ....... .. .................... 378
Delivery of Deed, Vendor' s Lien, and Deed of Trust Lien ................................ .. .... .. ...... .. 378
Penalty for Neglect ....... ... ................ .. .......... .... ... .. .................... .. ....................................... 378
Subpart 1. Hiring and Renting ... ... ...................... .. .......... .... ................................. ....... ... ............... ..... . 378
§ 839.
§ 840.
§ 841.
§ 842.
§ 843.
§ 844.
§ 845 .
§ 846.
Hiring or Renting Without Order of Court ...... ... ............ ... ................. .... .... .. ..................... 378
Liability of Guardian .... ..................................... ........... ... ................... .. .. ... ............. ........... 378
Order to Hire or Rent... .... ...... .... ........................ ................. .. .. ... .... .. .. ... .. ........................... 378
Procedure in Case of Neglect to Rent Property ....... .. ...... .. ... .. ....................... .... ................ 378
Property Hired or Rented on Credit... .......................................... .... ........... .. ... ... ............... 378
Property Hired or Rented Returned in Good Condition.. .. ................. ... ...... ...... .... ............ . 378
Report of Hiring or Renting ................ .............. ............ .... ............. .. ..... .. .. ........ ................. 379
Court Action on Report ..................................... ... ... .. ................. ........... .. ........ .. ......... .. ..... 379
Subpart 1. Mineral Leases, Pooling or Unitization Agreements, and Other Matters Relating
to Mineral Properties ..... .... .......... .... ........................... ......................... ............. ..... ........ 379
§ 847.
§ 848.
§ 849.
§ 850.
§ 851.
§ 852.
Mineral Leases After Public Notice ...... ........... .... ... ............ ................. ..... .. .. ... ... .. .... .. ...... 379
Mineral Leases at Private Sale ........... ................. .. ................... .. ................. ... .. ..... ............. 381
Pooling or Unitization of Royalty or Minerals ................ .. ..... ... ..... .... ................... ..... ....... 381
Special Ancillary Instruments Executed Without Court Order. .... ...... ...... ......................... 382
Procedure When Guardian of Estate Neglects to Apply for Authority .... .......................... 382
Validation of Certain Leases and Pooling or Unitization Agreements Based on
Previous Statutes ...... ... ............................... ....... .......... .... ...... .... ... .. ...... ............ ... .... . 382
Subpart K. Partition of Ward's Estate in Realty ........................... .... .. .. ..... .... ..... ................. .. .. ... .... .. . 382
§ 853. Partition of Ward's Interest in Realty ............. .... ............... .. .... .. ... ................. ....... ............. 383
Subpart L. Investments and Loans of Estates of Wards .. .... .. .. .. ......................................................... 383
§ 854. Guardian Required to Keep Estate Invested Under Certain Circumstances .. ......... ........... 383
§ 855. Standard for Management and Investments ................................ .. ........... .... .... ... ............ .. . 383
§ 855A. Retention of Assets ..................................................................... ................ ... .. ....... .. .... .. 384
§ 855B. Procedure for Making Investments or Retaining Estate Assets .. .......... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... 384
§ 856. Other Investments ...................... .. ........... .. ..................... .. ...... .................. ...... ............ .. .. .... 385
§ 857. Investment in or Continued Investment in Life Insurance or Annuities .... .... ...... .... .......... 385
§ 858. Loans and Security for Loans .. .. .............................................................. .. ......... .. .. .... ....... 386
xlvii
CONTENTS
§ 860.
§ 861.
§ 862.
§ 863.
Guardian's Investments in Real Estate .................. ........ ................ ........... ........ ................. 386
Opinion of Attorney With Respect to Loans ...... .. .................... ................................... ...... 387
Report of Loans ...................... ............ .. ................... ......... .. ......... ................. ..................... 387
Liability of Guardian and Guardian's Surety ...................................................... ............... 387
Subpart M. Tax Motivated and Charitable Gifts ....................... ........... .............................................. 387
§ 865. Power to Make Tax-Motivated Gifts .............................................. ................ ...... ............. 387
§ 865A. Inspection of Certain Instrument for Estate Planning Purposes .............. ........................ 388
§ 866. Contributions .............. ....................... ............. ...... ... .... .................... ... ......... ... .... .. ........... .. 388
Subpart N. Management Trusts .. .............. ... .............. ......... .... ....... .. .. ..... ............................... ..... .. ..... 389
§ 867. Creation of Management Trust... ..... .... ........... .. ............... .................... ......... .. ........ ... ........ 389
§ 867A. Venue .............................................. ...... ...... ........... .................... .......... .............. ............ 390
§ 868. Terms of Management Trust .................... ..... ............................... ........ ..................... ........ 390
§ 868A. Discharge of Guardian of Estate and Continuation of Trust.. ......................... ................ 390
§ 868B. Bond Requirement for Certain Trustees ........ ................. .. .......................... .... ........... ..... 391
§ 869. Trust Amendment, Modification, or Revocation ..... ........... .......... .. ................................... 391
§ 869A. Successor Trustee ....... ...... .................. .. .......................... .......... ...................... .. .... .......... 391
§ 869B. Applicability ofTexas Trust Code .............. .. ..................................... .... ......................... 391
§ 869C. Jurisdiction Over Trust Matters ......... .... ................................... .. ...... ..................... ......... 391
§ 870. Termination of Trust ..... .... ...... ............ ............ ... .. .. ...... ........................................ .. ........... 391
§ 871 . Annual Accounting .............. ............ ...... ......... ..... ................ ................................. .. .. ......... 391
§ 872. Liability ..... ..... ...... .... ...... ........................................... ........... ............................................. 391
§ 873. Distribution of Trust Property ................. ................................ ..................................... ..... 391
Part 5. Special Proceedings and Orders ................................................................ 391
Subpart A. Temporary Guardianships ... ............... .. .... ................ ...................... ........ ............. ............ 391
§ 874.
§ 875.
§ 876.
§ 877.
§ 878.
§ 879.
Presumption of Incapacitation ......... ............... ....... ........................ .. ........ ..... .... ...... ........... 392
Temporary Guardian-Procedure ................. ................... .. ...... ..... ... ....................... ...... .... 392
Authority of Temporary Guardian ......... .. ........................................ ... ............................... 393
Powers of Temporary Guardian .............................................. .......................................... 393
Accounting ...................... ................ ........................... .... .......... ........ .. .... .... .. .... ................. 393
Closing Temporary Guardianship ................ ....... .............. .......... ....................................... 393
Subpart B. Guardianships for Nomesidents ..... .. .... .. ................... .... ...... ... ....... ..... .............................. 393
§ 881. Nomesident Guardian ...... .................... ............. ................ ....... ............... ... ................. ....... 393
§ 881A. Nomesident Guardian's Removal of Ward's Property From State .... ............ ......... ....... . 394
§ 882. Nomesident as Ward .. ............. .... .... .. .... .... .. ................. ...... ....... .................. ............. ......... 394
Subpart C. Incapacitated Spouse and Community Property ..... .. .. ................ ..................................... 394
§ 883. Incapacitated Spouse .................... ... .............. ............. .... ...... ..... ............. ........................... 394
§ 883A. Recovery of Capacity ............................................ ........................................ ............. .... 395
§ 883B. Accounting, Inventory, and Appraisement by Community Administrator............. ......... 395
§ 883C. Removal of Community Administrator .. ........................................................................ 395
§ 883D. Appointment of Attorney ad Litem for Incapacitated Spouse ........................................ 396
§ 884. Delivery to Spouse ...................... ................................. .............................................. .. ..... 396
§ 884A. Lawsuit Information ... ....... ..... ............ .... ..................... ...... ........ ................... ........ .......... 396
Subpart D. Receivership for Minors and Other Incapacitated Persons ..................... .................... ..... 396
§ 885. Receivership ....... ...... ..... .................. .. ...... .... ..... ...... ........ ...... .. ..... ..... ...... .... ...................... . 396
xlviii
CONTENTS
Subpart E. Payment of Claims without Guardianship .................... .............................. .............. ........ 397
§ 887. Payment of Claims Without Guardianship and Administration of Terminated
Guardianship Assets ..... ............. .... ......... ..... ............ .... ................................ ............. 397
Subpart F. Sale of Property of Minors and Certain Wards ...................................... .......................... 399
§ 889. Sale of Property of a Minor by a Parent Without Guardianship .. ..................... ............. .... 399
§ 889A. Mortgage of Residential Homestead Interest of a Minor Without Guardianship ............ 399
§ 890. Sale of Property of Ward Without Guardianship of the Estate .... ...................................... 400
§ 890A. Mortgage of Residential Homestead Interest of a Minor .................................. ... ..... ...... 400
Subpart G. Interstate Guardianships ....... ................ ..... .................. ......... ........................................... 401
§ 891.
§ 892.
§ 893.
§ 894.
Transfer of Guardianship to Foreign Jurisdiction ........ .. .................................... ................ 401
Receipt and Acceptance of Foreign Guardianship .. ..... ........ ........................ .... .......... ........ 401
Review of Transferred Guardianship ................................. .................................... ............ 402
Guardianship Proceedings Filed in This State and in Foreign Jurisdiction ............. ............ 402
Subpart H. Contracts in Arts, Entertainment, Advertisement, and Sports ............................... .......... 402
§ 901 .
§ 902.
§ 903.
§ 904.
§ 905.
Definitions ................. ...... .............................................. ................ ...................... .............. 402
Construction .................... ..... ....... ...... ......... ........... .... ........ ...... ....... ................................... 402
Approval of Certain Contracts of Minors; Not Voidable .... .. ............................................. 403
Net Earnings of Minor; Set Aside and Preservation ............. .. .. ........................ ........ ......... 403
Guardian Ad Litem ...... ...... ........................ .......................................................... .............. 403
XIV. Property Code ................................................................................ 405
Title 2. Conveyances .................................................................................................... 405
Chapter 5. Conveyances ......................................................................................... 405
Subchapter A. General Provisions ... ..... .... ....... ................ .. ......... .......................................... ............. 405
§ 5.001 .
§ 5.002.
§ 5.003 .
§ 5.004.
§ 5.005.
§ 5.009.
Fee Simple ......................... .... ............................................................... ........... .............. . 405
Failing as a Conveyance ........... .......... ..................................................................... .. .. ... 405
Partial Conveyance ...................................... ................................................. ........... ....... 405
Conveyance by Authorized Officer ................ ...... ................. .. .................... ................ ... 405
Aliens ......................... ............ ............................. ...... .......................................... ........... 405
Duties of Life Tenant... ................................. ..... ... ... .................... ............. ... ................... 405
Subchapter C. Future Estates ....................... ......... ... ................... ....... ............ .................................... 405
§ 5.041. Future Estates ........ ......................................................... .. ........... ................. .. ................ 405
§ 5.042. Abolition of Common-Law Rules ........................................................................... ....... 406
§ 5.043. Reformation of Interests Violating Rule Against Perpetuities ............ .......... .................. 406
Title 4. Actions and Remedies .................................................................................... 406
Chapter 26. Use of a Deceased Individual's Name, Voice, Signature,
Photograph, or Likeness ........................................................................ 406
§ 26.001.
§ 26.002.
§ 26.003.
§ 26.004.
Definitions ......... ....... .................................................................... ....... ......................... 406
Property Right Established .......................... ................... ....................................... ...... . 407
Applicability ........................................ ............. ........ .. .. ............. .................... .......... ..... 407
Transferability ............. ............... ......................................................... ........... ... ........... 407
xlix
CONTENTS
§ 26.005. Ownership After Death of Individual ................................................................. .......... 407
§ 26.006. Registration of Claim ................................................................................................... 407
§ 26.007. Effect of Registration .................................................................... .................. .. ........... 407
§ 26.008.
§ 26.009.
§ 26.010.
§ 26.011.
§ 26.012.
§ 26.013.
§ 26.014.
§ 26.015 .
Exercise of Ownership for First Year Following Death of Individual .......................... 407
Exercise of Ownership After First Year Following Death of Individual ...... ................ 408
Tennination ........ ..................... ...................................................... ............................. .. 408
Unauthorized Uses ....................................................................................................... 408
Permitted Uses ................................................. ........ ................................. .................... 408
Liability for Unauthorized Use .................................................. ...................... ............. 408
Other Rights Not Affected ................................ ............................................................ 408
Defenses to Liability....... ... ........................ ............................................. ..... ................. 408
Title 5. Exempt Property and Liens .......................................................................... 409
Subtitle A. Property Exempt from Creditors' Claims ........•.................................... 409
Chapter 41. Interests in Land ......................................•..........................•.............. 409
Subchapter A. Exemptions in Land Defmed............................................... .. ......................... ............ 409
§ 41.001. Interests in Land Exempt from Seizure .......... ............................................... ............... 409
§ 41.002. Definition of Homestead ............................................................ .... .................. ............ 409
§ 41 .003. Temporary Renting ofa Homestead .................................................................. ........... 410
§ 41.004. Abandonment of a Homestead.................................... .................................................. 410
§ 41.005 . . Voluntary Designation of Homestead.................................. ........ .. .. .. ..... .. .................... 410
§ 41.0051. Disclaimer and Disclosure Required .. ......................................................... .. ............. 410
§ 41 .006. Certain Sales of Homestead .............. .......... .. .............................. .................................. 411
§ 41.007. Home Improvement Contract .............................. ..... ... ....... .................................... .. .... 411
§ 41.008. Contlict With Federal Law ....................................................................... .................... 411
Subchapter B. Designation of a Homestead in Aid of Enforcement of a Judgment Debt .............. .. .. 411
§ 41.021. Notice to Designate ...................................................................................................... 411
§ 41.022. Designation by Homestead Claimant ................. .......................................................... 411
§ 41.023. Designation by Commissioner.. .................................................................................... 412
§ 41.024. Sale of Excess ..................... ............................................ .............................................. 412
Chapter 42. Personal Property ....•.......•................................................................. 412
§ 42.001. Personal Property Exemption ...................................... ............ .... .. .. .......................... ... 412
§ 42.002. Personal Property ...................................... .... .. ...................... ..... ........................ .. ........ 413
§ 42.0021. Additional Exemption for Certain Savings Plans .............. ............. ............................ 413
§ 42.0022. Exemption for College Savings Plans ............................................. .......................... . 414
§ 42.003. Designation of Exempt Property ................ ........................ ..................... ..................... 414
§ 42.004. Transfer of Nonexempt Property ................................................................... .. ............. 414
§ 42.005. Child Support Liens .................................................. .................................................... 414
Title 6. Unclaimed Property ........•....•.•...•...................•............................................... 414
Chapter 71. Escheat of Property ...............•........................................................... 414
Subchapter A. General Provisions ..... ............................................ ........................ ... ............. ............ 414
§ 71 .001 . Escheat ..................................................................... ............. .. ..................................... 415
§ 71 .002. Presumption of Death ............................ ...................... ................... ................... ...... .. ... 415
CONTENTS
§ 71 .003 .
§ 71.004.
§ 71.005.
§ 71.006.
§ 71.007.
Presumption of Intestacy ... ............. ........ ... ..... ................ .............................................. 415
Presumption of Death Without Heirs ............................. .............. .............. ................... 41 5
Act of Ownership ........................ .... ........ ....................... .............................................. 415
Review of Probate Decree .............. ................ ................................................ .............. 415
Identification of Real Property Subject to Escheat ................ ........... ............. ............... 415
Subchapter B. Escheat Proceedings .... ................................... .. ... ...... .. .... .......... .. .......... .. ................... 415
§ 71.101.
§ 71.102.
§ 71.103.
§ 71 .104.
§ 71.105.
§ 71.106.
§ 71 .107.
§ 71 .108.
§ 71.109.
Petition for Escheat. ................................ .. ... .... ................ ................... .. ........................ 415
Citation .... ............... ......... ................ ... .......................... .. .... .... .. .. .... .............................. 416
Party to Proceeding ...................... .. ........................... ......... ....... .. .................................. 416
Appearance ofClairnants ...................... ....... ........................................ ....... .. ................ 416
Trial .......................... .......... .. ........ ...... .................................. .... .... .. ................. ............. 416
Default Judgment ........................................ ................ .. ...... .. .................. .. ................... 416
Judgment for State .......................... .. ............. ....................................................... ........ 416
Costs Paid by State .............................................................. ................... ... ................... 417
Appeal; Writ of Error .. ................. .... ........ ....... ....... ............. ........... ................ .............. 417
Subchapter C. Disposition of Escheated Property ......... .................................................................... 417
§ 71.201. Seizure and Sale of Personal Property ...................... .............................................. ...... 417
§ 71.202. Disposition of Real Property ............... .................................. ....................................... 417
§ 71 .203 . Account of Escheated Property ............................................ ........................................ 417
Subchapter D. Recovery of Escheated Property ...... .. ..... ....... .. ............................................................ 417
§ 71.301.
§ 71 .302.
§ 71.303.
§ 71.304.
Suit for Escheated Personal Property ........ .. ............. ............................................... ...... 417
Recovery of Personal Property ................... .. ............. .... ........ ... .. .... .............................. 41 8
Suit for Escheated Real Property ........................ .... ...... ................................................ 418
State as Party in Suit for Assets .................................................. ............ ...................... 418
Chapter 72. Abandonment of Personal Property ................................................. 418
Subchapter A. General Provisions ................... ............ ..... ................ ...... ........... .. ....... ....................... 418
§ 72.001. Application of Chapter ................................................ .......................... ...................... . 418
SUbchapter B. Presumption of Abandonrnent .................... ................... ...... ..................................... ... 419
§ 72.101. Personal Property Presumed Abandoned ......................................... ................... .......... 419
§ 72.102. Traveler's Check and Money Order .. .......................... ............................................... .. 419
§ 72.103. Preservation of Property .......... ............... .. .................................................................... 419
Chapter 73. Property Held by Financial Institutions .......................................... 420
Subchapter A. General Provisions ................... ............................. ............................ ......................... 420
§ 73.001. Definitions and Application ofChapter. ................... ...... ...................... .. ....... ............... 420
§ 73.002. Depository ....... ....... ......... ............ .... ...... ...... ... .. ..... ............ ........ .... ... ............................ 420
§ 73.003. Preservation ofInactive Account or Safe Deposit Box ......... ....................................... 420
SUbchapter B. Presumption of Abandonrnent ........ ............................................ ................................ 420
§ 73 .101. Inactive Account or Safe Deposit Box Presumed Abandoned .. ............................ ........ 420
§73 .102. Checks ..................................... ................ ..... .......................................... ......... ............. 421
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CONTENTS
Title 9. Trusts ............................................................................................................... 421
Subtitle A. Provisions Generally Applicable to Trusts ............................................ 421
Chapter 101. Provisions Generally Applicable to Trusts .................................... 421
§ 101.001. Conveyance by Person Designated as Trustee .... ......................................... ............ ... 421
§ 101.002. Liability ofTrust Property ...................................................... ............................... ..... 422
Subtitle B. Texas Trust Code: Creation, Operation, and Termination of
Trusts ........................................................................................................... 422
Chapter 111. General Provisions ........................................................................... 424
§ 111.001. Short Title ............................................................. ........... ............................... ............ 424
§ 111.002. Construction of Subtitle ............ ...... ............. .......... ...................................... ............... 424
§ 111.003. Trusts Subject to this Subtitle ..................................................................................... 424
§ 111.0035. Default and Mandatory Rules; Conflict Between Terms and Statute .............. ......... 425
§ 111 .004. Definitions ........... ................................................................................ ....................... 426
§ 111.005. Reenactment of Common Law .......................................... ................ ........................ . 427
§ 111.006. Application .............. ..................... ..................................... ............................. .. .......... 427
Chapter 112. Creation, Validity, Modification, and Termination of
Trusts ....................................................................................................... 427
Subchapter A. Creation .... ............... ...................................... ............................. ................................ 427
§ 112.001.
§ 112.002.
§ 112.003.
§ 112.004.
§ 112.005.
§ 112.006.
§ 112.007.
§ 112.008.
§ 112.009.
§ 112.010.
Methods of Creating Trust.. ................................................................................... ..... 427
Intention to Create Trust.. ................ ...... ..................................................................... 428
Consideration.... .. .... ............................................... ................ ............................ .... ..... 428
Statute of Frauds ....... ........ ............. ............. ...... ....... ...... .. ............ ............................... 428
Trust Property ............................................................................................................. 429
Additions to Trust Property ...... ................................................. .......................... ....... 429
Capacity of Settlor ...................................................................................................... 429
Capacity of Trustee ............. ........................................................................................ 429
Acceptance by Trustee ............ ...................... ................................................... ........... 430
Acceptance or Disclaimer by or on Behalf of Beneficiary ..... .................................... 430
Subchapter B. Validity................... ....... ... ........... ................ ............................................. .......... ........ 431
§ 112.031.
§ 112.032.
§ 112.033.
§ 112.034.
§ 112.035.
§ 112.036.
§ 112.037.
Trust Purposes ................................................................................................ ............ 431
Active and Passive Trusts; Statute of Uses ................................................................. 432
Reservation of Interests and Powers by Settlor .......................................................... 432
Merger ...................... .......... ...................................... .................................................. 432
Spendthrift Trusts ......................................................... .............................................. 433
Rule Against Perpetuities ........................................ ................................................. .. 434
Trust For Care of Animal .................. .. ..................................................... .................. 434
Subchapter C. Revocation, Modification, and Termination of Trusts ................................................ 434
§ 112.051.
§ 112.052.
§ 112.053.
§ 112.054.
§ 112.055 .
§ 112.056.
Revocation, Modification, or Amendment by Settlor.. ...... ...................................... ... 435
Termination ................................................... ................. ............................... .... ......... 435
Disposition of Trust Property on Failure of Trust.. ............................ ......................... 435
Judicial Modification or Termination of Trusts ......................... ................................. 435
Amendment of Charitable Trusts by Operation of Law .......... .................................... 436
Permissive Amendment by Trustee of Charitable Trust ............................................. 436
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CONTENTS
§ 112.057. Division and Combination of Trusts ........................... ................................................ 437
§ 112.058. Conversion of Community Trust to Nonprofit Corporation ....................................... 437
§ 112.059. Termination of Uneconomic Trust ................. .............. .. .......................................... .. 438
Chapter 113. Administration ................................................................................. 438
Subchapter A. Powers of Trustee ................................................................................. ...................... 438
§ 113.001. Limitation of Powers ..................................... ............................................................. 439
§ 113.002. General Powers ............................................... ....... .................... ................................. 439
§ 113.003. Options ......................................................................... .............................................. 439
§ 113.004. Additions to Trust Assets ...................................................................... ......... ............ .. 439
§ 113.005. Acquisition of Undivided Interests ................................................ ............................. 439
§ 113.006. General Authority to Manage and Invest Trust Property ........ .......................... .......... 439
§ 113.007. Temporary Deposits of Funds .... ........ ............................ ............................................ 439
§ 113.008. Business Entities ........................... ................. ............................................................. 439
§ 113.009. Real Property Management ........................................................................................ 439
§ 113.010. Sale of Property .......................................................... ..................................... ........... 440
§ 113.011. Leases ......................... .. ...................... ...................................... .................................. 440
§ 113.012. Minerals ................................................................................................. ..................... 440
§ 113.013 . Insurance ....................................................... ........................... .................................. 440
§ 113.014. Payment of Taxes .... .............................................. .......... .... .................................. ..... 441
§ 113.015. Authority to Borrow ................................................................................................... 441
§ 113.016. Management of Securities .............................. .................................... ........................ 441
§ 113.017. Corporate Stock or Other Securities Held in Name of Nominee ................................ 441
§ 113.018. Employment of Agents ................................................ ............................................... 442
§ 113 .019. Claims ... .................................................. ........................................ .. ......................... 442
§ 113.020. Burdensome or Worthless Property .... .................................................... .................... 442
§ 113.021. Distribution to Minor or Incapacitated Beneficiary .................................................... 442
§ 113.0211. Adjustment of Charitable Trust .............. .............. ...................... ...... .. ...................... 442
§ 113.022. Power to Provide Residence and Pay Funeral Expenses .................................... ......... 443
Ancillary Trustee ........................................................................ .... .. .......................... 443
Implied Powers .............................................................................. .............. ............... 443
Powers of Trustee Regarding Environmental Laws .... ................................................ 443
Authority to Designate New Charitable Beneficiary .................................................. 444
Distributions Generally .......................................................... ........ ..................... ........ 444
Certain Claims and Causes of Action Prohibited......................................................... 445
§ 113.023 .
§ 113.024.
§ 113.025.
§ 113.026.
§ 113.027.
§ 113.028.
Subchapter B. Duties of Trustee ............ .............................................................................. .............. 445
§ 113.051. General Duty .............................................................................. ................................ 445
§ 113.052. Loan of Trust Funds to Trustee ..................................................................... .. ........... 445
§ 113.053. Purchase or Sale of Trust Property by Trustee .......... ................................................. 445
§ 113.054. Sales from One Trust to Another. ........................ ...... ...... .. ......................................... 447
§ 113.055. Purchase of Trustee's Securities ................................ .. ............................................... 447
§ 113.056. Authorization to Make Certain Investments ............................................... .. ............ .. 447
§ 113.057. Deposits by Corporate Trustee With Itself ................................................................. 448
§ 113.058. Bond ........................................................................................................................... 448
§ 113.060 [repealed]. Informing Beneficiaries .................................................. .. ......................... 448
Subchapter C. Resignation or Removal of Trustee, and Authority of Multiple and Successor
Trustees ............................................................ ............................................................. 449
§ 113.081 . Resignation of Trustee .............................. .................................................................. 449
§ 113.082. Removal of Trustee ...... .......................................................................... ......... ........... 449
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CONTENTS
§ 113.083. Appointment of Successor Trustee ......... ......................... ....... ...................... .... .......... 449
§ 113.084. Powers of Successor Trustee ............. ............................................... ... ....................... 449
§ 113.085. Exercise of Powers by Multiple Trustees .............. .............................. ....................... 450
Subchapter E. Accounting By Trustee ........ ..... ........ ........... ....... ........... ...................... ....................... 450
§ 113.151. Demand for Accounting ....... .............................................. ..... ... ...... .. ...... .. .. .............. 450
§ 113.152. Contents of Accounting ............... .......... ..... ................................. ........................ ....... 451
Subchapter F. Common Trust Funds ..... .. .. ..... ............ ... ...... ...... ..................................... ............. ...... 451
§ 113.171 . Common TrustFunds ......... ..... ........................ .. .... ............. ..... ............. ....... .. ... ....... .. . 451
§ 113.172. Affiliated Institutions .................................................................. ....... .. .......... ............. 451
Chapter 114. Liabilities, Rights, and Remedies of Trustees, Beneficiaries,
and Third Persons ................................................................................... 451
Subchapter A. Liability of Trustee ......................... ......... ...... ........... ................................ ....... ........ ... 451
§ 114.001.
§ 114.002.
§ 114.003.
§ 114.004.
§ 114.005 .
§ 114.006.
Liability of Trustee to Beneficiary ............ .. .. ......... ............. ......... .... ........ ....... .. .......... 452
Liability of Successor Trustee for Breach of Trust by Predecessor .................. ...... .... 452
Powers to Direct ............. ............................................................... ...... ................ .. ..... 453
Actions Taken Prior to Knowledge or Notice of Facts ............................................... 453
Release of Liability by Beneficiary ......... .... ................................................ ............... 453
Liability of Cotrustees for Acts of Other ..... .. .. ........................................................... 453
Subchapter B. Liability of Beneficiary .... ........ .. ........... ............ ..... ..... .. ...... ........................... ............ 454
§ 114.007.
§ 114.008.
§ 114.031.
§ 114.032.
Exculpation of Trustee ...................................... ................. ......... ......... ......... .............. 454
Remedies for Breach ofTrust... ................ ................ .. .......... ............................. ..... .... 454
Liability of Beneficiary to Trustee ....... ......... .................... ......................... .. ........... .... 455
Liability for Written Agreements .... ........... ........... .... .... ............ ................................. 455
Subchapter C. Rights of Trustee ...... .. .... ..................... ... ................ .. ............................... ................... 455
§
§
§
§
114.061 .
114.062.
114.063.
114.064.
Compensation ......... ......................... .. ........... ................ .............................. ................ 456
Exoneration or Reimbursement for Tort ...... ...... ....... .............. ..... .. .................. .. ......... 456
General Right to Reimbursement ....... ...... ...... ......... ........... .. ..... ............. .................... 456
Costs ....... ...... .......... ............ .......... ........... .... ...... .. .. .... .. ..................... ............. ...... ....... 456
Subchapter D. Third Persons .......................... ...... ... .......... .. ......... .................... .................. ............... 456
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
114.081. Protection of Person Dealing with Trustee ................................ .................. ..... .......... 457
114.082. Conveyance by Trustee ..... .. ...................................... ..... .......................................... .. 457
114.0821 . Liability of Trust Property .... ......................................................... ................. .......... 457
114.083 . Rights and Liabilities for Committing Torts ....... ....................... ..... ................ ............ 457
114.084. Contracts of Trustee ........................ .... ....................... ..... ......... ............. ..................... 458
114.085. Partnerships ........................ ............ .. ............ ................... .......... ............. .................... 458
114.086. Certification of Trust ....... .............. ..................................... ............. .................... ...... 458
Chapter 115. Jurisdiction, Venue, and Proceedings ............................................ 459
SUbchapter A. Jurisdiction and Venue ............. .... .. .. .... ................. ........................... ................ ..... ..... 459
§ 115.001 . Jurisdiction ...... ....... .............. .............. ................. .. ........ ......... .. ....................... ....... .... 459
§ 115.002. Venue ... ... .................... ........... ....... .. ................................. .. ......... ........ .......... .. ... ........ 460
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CONTENTS
Subchapter B. Parties, Procedure, and Judgments ................................................................... .......... 460
§ 115.011 . Parties ................... ..... .... .......... ........ ... ............ ....... .... ............. ......... ...... ..................... 461
§ 115.012. Rules of Procedure ... .... ..................... ...................... ................... ........... ... .................. 461
§ 115.013 . Pleadings and Judgments ............................... ........ ................................... .................. 461
§ 115.014.
§ 115.015.
§ 115.016.
§ 115.017.
Guardian Ad Litem .................... ........ ........... .. ............................ ......... .. ..................... 462
Notice to Beneficiaries of Tort or Contract Proceeding .......................... ............. ..... .. 462
Notice .......... ......... .... ...... ...... ......... ............. .... ........... .. ......................... .. ..... .. ......... .... 462
Waiver of Notice ................. ........ .. ......... .. ................... .............................................. . 462
Chapter 116. Uniform Principal and Income Act. ............................................... 462
Subchapter A. Definitions, Fiduciary Duties, and Other Miscellaneous Provisions .......................... 463
§ 116.001 .
§ 116.002.
§ 116.003.
§ 116.004.
§ 116.005.
§ 116.006.
§ 116.007.
Short Title ... ........ ............ ... ... ...... ......... ..... .......................... ............................... .. .. ..... 463
Definitions ...... ...... .............. .. ........ .. ............................ ........... ..................................... 463
Uniformity of Application and Construction ........................... ......... ........................ .. 464
Fiduciary Duties; General Principles ... ................. .... .......... ........... ......... .. .................. 464
Trustee's Power to Adjust ................................................. .... ............................ ......... 465
Judicial Control of Discretionary Power.. ....................... ..................... .. ..................... 466
Provisions Regarding Noncharitable Unitrusts ............................................... ...... ...... 467
Subchapter B. Decedent's Estate or Terminating Income Interest .. ...... ........................ .. ................... 467
§ 116.051. Determination and Distribution of Net Income .... .................... ........... ... .................... 467
§ 116.052. Distribution to Residuary and Remainder Beneficiaries .......... ....... ................ .. .......... 468
Subchapter C. Apportionment at Beginning and End of Income Interest ........... ........... .. ............ ...... 468
§ 116.101. When Right to Income Begins and Ends .................. .................................................. 469
§ 116.102. Apportionment of Receipts and Disbursements When Decedent Dies or
Income Interest Begins ......................................... .. .... .... ........................... ............... 469
§ 116.103. Apportionment When Income Interest Ends .......... ...................................... ............... 469
Subchapter D. Allocation of Receipts During Administration of Trust ............. .... ............................ 469
Part 1. Receipts from Entities ............ .. .... ... .................. .... .. ......... .... .. ................... ............................. 469
§ 116.151. Character of Receipts ......... ... .... ...................... .. .................................. ... .................... 470
§ 116.152. Distribution from Trust or Estate ...................... ........ .................................................. 470
§ 116.153. Business and Other Activities Conducted by Trustee ........... ............................... ....... 470
Part 2. Receipts Not Normally Apportioned ........ ........ ......................... ....................................... ...... 470
§ 116.161.
§ 116.162.
§ 116.163.
§ 116.164.
Principal Receipts .......................................... .. .......................... ................ ................. 471
Rental Property ........................... .. .............. ......................................... ............... ........ 471
Obligation to Pay Money ............................ .... .. ....................... ...... ... .. ........................ 471
Insurance Policies and Similar Contracts ........... ...... ................... .. .......... .. .. ............... 471
Part 3. Receipts Normally Apportioned ..... ....................... .... .............. ........................ ....................... 472
§ 116.171.
§ 116.172.
§ 116.173.
§ 116.174.
§ 116.175.
§ 116.176.
Insubstantial Allocations Not Required .... ............................ ................ ................... ... 472
Deferred Compensation, Annuities, and Similar Payments .... ....... ...... ....................... 472
Liquidating Asset. ...... ........... ...... .......................................... ...................................... 473
Minerals, Water, and Other Natural Resources .............................. ................. .. ......... 473
Timber .................. .... ............................... ......... ................... ........ ....... .. ..................... . 474
Property Not Productive of Income ............ ....................... ........................... ....... ....... 474
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CONTENTS
§ 116.177. Derivatives and Options ......................... ............. ...................................... ................. 474
§ 116.178. Asset-Backed Securities ............................................................................................. 475
Subchapter E. Allocation of Disbursements During Administration ofTrust... .................. ............... 475
§ 116.201 .
§ 116.202.
§ 116.203.
§ 116.204.
§ 116.205.
§ 116.206.
Disbursements From Income ...................................................................................... 475
Disbursements From Principal .................................................................. ................ . 475
Transfers From Income to Principal for Depreciation ........................................ ........ 476
Transfers From Income to Reimburse Principal ......................................................... 476
Income Taxes ......................................................................................... ................... . 476
Adjustments Between Principal and Income Because of Taxes ................................. 477
Chapter 117. Uniform Prudent Investor Act ........................................................ 477
§ 117.001. Short Title ..................... ............................ ... .... .... ...................................... ................. 477
§ 117.002. Uniformity of Application and Construction ....... .... .............. ... .................................. 477
§ 117.003. Prudent Investor Rule ....................... ................ .... ........................ .......................... .... 478
§ 117.004. Standard of Care; Portfolio Strategy; Risk and Return Objectives ............................. 478
§ 117.005. Diversification .. ............... ........................ ........... ...... .............. .................................... 478
§ 117.006. Duties at Inception of Trusteeship ...................................................... ........................ 479
§ 117.007. Loyalty ...... ................................................ ................................................... .............. 479
§ 117.008. Impartiality .. ............. ... ................. .. .. ................. .... ........ ............ .................... ............. 479
§ 117.009. Investment Costs .................................................................... ... .. ........... .................... 479
§ 117.010. Reviewing Compliance .............................. .......... ...... ........................... ............ .. .... .... 479
§ 117.011. Delegation ofinvestment and Management Functions ............................................... 480
§ 117.012. Language Invoking Standard of Chapter .................................................................. .. 480
Subtitle C. Miscellaneous Trusts ................................................................................ 480
Chapter 121. Employees' Trusts ............................................................................ 480
Subchapter A. Pension Trusts ...... .. ...... .. .. .. ..... .. ... ... ................................................... ........... .. ........... 480
§
§
§
§
§
121 .001 .
121.002.
121.003.
121.004.
121 .005.
Pension Trusts .... ... ... ... ................ .. .... ... .......... .... .. .. ..... .. .................. ... ............... .. ....... 480
Employees of Controlled Corporations ...................................................................... 480
Application of Texas Trust Code [Act] ...................................................................... 480
Rule Against Perpetuities .. .. ......................................... .. ... .................. .... ................... 481
Accumulation of Income ............................................................................................ 481
Subchapter B. Death Benefits Under Employees' Trusts .. .............. .. .. ..... ......................................... 481
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
121 .051.
121.052.
121.053.
121.054.
121.055.
121.056.
121.057.
121.058.
Definitions ... ..... ...... ...... ...... ..................................... ... ...... ...... ........ .. .. ........... .. ........... 481
Payment of Death Benefit to Trustee .. ............................. ... ....................... .. .. ............. 481
Validity of Trust Declaration .. ......... ......................... ............. .. ... ........ ............. ........... 482
Unclaimed Benefits ................ .... ........................... .. ... ............................... ........ .... ..... 482
Exemption from Taxes and Debts .... .... .. ............ .. ... .... .... .............. ......... ................ .... 482
Commingling of Assets .. .... .. ........... .. ..... .................. .. ..................... .. ..................... .... 482
Prior Designations Not Affected ........................ .. ......... .. .. ...... ............................... .. .. 482
Construction ............ ... .......... ....... ..... ........ ... .. ......... ... ...... .................. ............. ....... .... . 482
Chapter 123. Attorney General Participation in Proceedings Involving
Charitable Trusts .................................................................................... 482
§ 123.001. Definitions ................................................ ............ ...... .. , ........... .. ... ................. ............ 483
§ 123.002. Attorney General's Participation ........ ............ .. ... ..................... ........ .. ........................ 483
§ 123.003. Notice ................................ ..... .. ........ ...... ..................... .. ........... ... ...... ......... ..... ........... 483
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CONTENTS
§ 123.004. Voidable Judgment or Agreement ................................... .... ............... ......... ........ .. ..... 483
§ 123.005. Breach of Fiduciary Duty ........ .. ...... ...................... .. .... ...... ...... .... ............................... 484
Title 10. Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests .............................................. 484
Subtitle A. Persons Under Disability ......................................................................... 484
Chapter 141. Transfers to Minors ......................................................................... 484
141.001.
141.002.
141 .003.
141 .004.
141.005.
§ 141.006.
§ 141.007.
§ 141.008.
§ 141.009.
§ 141.010.
§
§
§
§
§
§ 141 .011.
141.012.
141.013.
141 .014.
141.015.
§ 141.016.
§ 141.017.
§ 141.018.
§ 141.019.
§
§
§
§
141.020.
141.021.
141.022.
141.023.
§ 141.024.
§ 141.025.
§
§
§
§
Short Title ......... .............. ..... .......... ...... ..... ... ... .............................. ............ .................. 484
Definitions .................................................................................................................. 484
Scope and Jurisdiction ........................................................................ ........................ 485
Nomination of Custodian ................................................................. .... ...... ................. 485
Transfer by Gift or Exercise of Power of Appointment.. ............................................ 486
Transfer Authorized by Will or Trust.. .............................. ......................................... 486
Other Transfer by Fiduciary .... .. ............ ..................................................................... 486
Transfer by Obligor .................................. ........... ........................ ............................... 486
Receipt for Custodial Property ................ ........ .............................. ............................. 487
Manner of Creating Custodial Property and Effecting Transfer; Designation
of Initial Custodian; Control ................ ...... ............ .. ........................ ........................ 487
Single Custodianship .................................................................................................. 488
Validity and Effect of Transfer ................................................................................... 488
Care of Custodial Property ............................... .. ................................... ...... .. ............. 488
Powers of Custodian ......... ...................................... ........................... ............ ............. 489
Use of Custodial Property ........................................................................................... 489
Custodian's Expenses, Compensation, and Bond ....................................................... 489
Exemption of Third Person From Liability ................................................................ 490
Liability to Third Person ............................................................................................. 490
Renunciation, Resignation, Death, or Removal of Custodian; Designation of
Successor Custodian ............................................ ..................................... ................ 490
Accounting by and Determination of Liability ................ .... ...... ........ ................ ......... 491
Termination of Custodianship .... ................................................................................ 491
Applicability ............ .......... .................... ......... ........ .................... ....... ............. ........... . 491
Effect on Existing Custodianships ............ .................................................................. 491
Uniformity of Application and Construction .............................................................. 492
Additional Transfers to Custodianships in Existence Before Effective Date of
Act. .......................... .. ..................... ................... .. ..................................................... 492
Chapter 142. Management of Property Recovered in Suit by a Next
Friend or Guardian Ad Litem ............................................................... 492
§ 142.001.
§ 142.002.
§ 142.003.
§ 142.004.
§ 142.005.
§ 142.006.
§ 142.007.
§ 142.008.
§ 142.009.
Management by Decree .................................... .......................................................... 492
Management by Bonded Manager ............................................................... ......... ...... 492
Compensation and Duties of Managers .......... ............................................................ 492
Investment of Funds .. .. .... ............. ........................ .. ................... ........... ..................... . 492
Trust for Property ....................................................................................................... 493
Claims Against Property ........ ......... .. .... .. .. ........ ............... ............................... ............ 495
Incapacitated Person ............. .. ... ...................... ............................... ............................ 495
Structured Settlement .................... .............................. .... ........................................... 495
Annuity Contract Requirements for Structured Settlement ............................. ........... 495
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CONTENTS
Subtitle B. Fiduciaries ................................................................................................. 495
Chapter 163. Management, Investment, and Expenditure of Institutional
Funds ............................................................................................................ 495
§ 163.001 .
§ 163.002.
§ 163.003.
§ 163.004.
§ 163.005.
§ 163.006.
§ 163.007.
§ 163.008.
§ 163.009.
§ 163.010.
§ 163.011.
Short Title ........................................ ...................... ......... ..................... ....... ................ 496
Legislative Findings and Purpose .......... ... ...................... ................... .. ....................... 496
Definitions ............... .................... .......... ...... ......................... ........................ .............. 496
Standard of Conduct in Managing and Investing Institutional Fund .......................... 496
Appropriation for Expenditure or Accumulation of Endowment Fund; Rules
of Construction ........................ ...... ...... ..................................... ................................ 497
Delegation of Management and Investment Functions .. ...... ........... .... ....... .... ............. 498
Release or Modification of Restrictions on Management, Investment, or
Purpose ............... .................................................................................. ...... ...... ........ 498
Reviewing Compliance ......... .. ........ ........... .............. ....................... ............ ................ 499
Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act ....... .......... 499
Uniformity of Application and Construction .................................... ......... ............... .. 499
Applicability of Other Parts of Code .......................... ................................................ 499
Subtitle C. Powers of Appointment ........................................................................... 499
Chapter 181. Powers of Appointment ................................................................... 499
Subchapter A. General Provisions ....... ........................... ................ ...................... .................. ....... .... 500
§
§
§
§
181 .001 .
181 .002.
181 .003 .
181.004.
Definitions ..................... ................................... ..... ............................ .. ................. .. .... 500
Application .... .................. ............ .. .. ........... .. ............................ ....................... ..... .. .... 500
Chapter Not Exclusive ......................................... .. .. .............................. ................. .. .. 500
Construction .......... .. ........ ...... ............ .... .... ..... ...... ............. ......... ......... .. .......... ........... 500
Subchapter B. Release of Powers of Appointment ............ .. .. ........................ .. .......... .. ...................... 500
§ 181.051.
§ 181.052.
§ 181.053.
§ 181.054.
§ 181.055.
§ 181.056.
§ 181.057.
§ 181.058.
Authority of Donee to Release Power ......... .. ..................................... .. .... .. ................ 500
Requisites of Release .... .. .... ..... ......... .... ..... .. .. ........ ...... .......... .................... .... ... ,......... 500
Release by Guardian ...... ............... ............. ............. ............. ......... ......... ..... .. .............. 500
Effect of Release on Multiple Donees ..... .... .................... .. .. .............. .. .... .. .... ............. 501
Notice of Release .. ........ .. ................. ............. .......................... .. .... .. ..... ..................... .. 501
Recording ... ... .. .... .... .. .... .. ...... .. ...... ........ ............. .. ........ ..... ....... .................................. 501
Effect of Failure to Deliver or File ........ ...... .......... ........ .. ........................ ........ ........... 501
Restraints on Alienation or Anticipation .... .. ................... ..................... .. .... ............ .... 501
Subchapter C. Exercise of Powers of Appointment.. .......... .. ............................................ ................. 501
§ 181.081. Extent of Power .. ......... ...... .................. ........ .......... ....... ......................... .. ................. .. 501
§ 181 .082. General Exercise .... .. .. ... .. .......... ............... .... .. .......... ... ........... ....... ...... ....... ................. 501
§ 181.083. Creating Additional Powers ... .... .. .. .... .. ..... .... .. .... .. .................. .. .... .. .... ... .... .. ........... .... 502
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CONTENTS
xv.
Tax Code .......................................................................................... 503
Title 1. Property Tax Code ......................................................................................... 503
Subtitle C. Taxable Property and Exemptions ......................................................... 503
Chapter 11. Taxable Property and Exemptions ................................•.................. 503
Subchapter B. Exemptions ..... .. .......... .. ............... ................. ....... .......................................... ............. 503
§ 11 .13. Residence Homestead .... ........................... .. ...................................... .. .. ............ .............. 503
Title 2. State Taxation ................................................................................................. 505
Subtitle J. Inheritance Tax ......................................................................................... 505
Chapter 211. Inheritance Taxes ............................................................................. 505
Subchapter B. Inheritance Taxes: Federal Estate Tax Credit and Generation-Skipping
Transfer Tax Credit ........... ................................ ............ .. .............................................. 505
§ 21 l.05l.
§ 2 1l.052.
§ 21l.053 .
§ 2 1l.054.
§ 21l.055.
Tax on Property ofResident.. .......... .............. ......................... .. ...... .................... .. ...... 505
Tax on Property of Nonresident ....... ................ ........ ............................ .. .............. ...... 506
Tax on Property of Alien ...... .... ...... .................................... ................ .. ........... ........... 506
Tax on Property Included in Generation-Skipping Transfer .. .. .......... .......... .............. . 506
Maximum Tax ...... ...... .............. .. .................................... ................................. .. ......... 506
XVI. Transportation Code ..................................................................... 507
Title 7. Vehicles and Traffic ....................................................................................... 507
Subtitle A. Certificates of Title and Registration of Vehicles .................................. 507
Chapter 501. Certificate of Title Act ..................................................................... 507
Subchapter B. Certificate of Title Requirements .. ................ ............................................. ................ 507
§ 501 .031 . Rights of Survivorship Agreement ...... ....... .. .. .............. .. .......................... .................. 507
Subtitle B. Driver's Licenses and Personal Identification Cards ........................... 507
Chapter 521. Driver's Licenses and Certificates .................................................. 507
Subchapter Q. Anatomical Gifts .......... ... .. .. .. .. .. .......... ..... .. ........... ...... ................... .. ............ ..... ......... 507
§ 52 1.401 . Statement of Gift .............. ........ ...... ........... .. .. .. .............. .............. ............................... 508
§ 52l.402. Revocation of Statement of Gift .. .. ................... .. .............. .. ...... .............. .............. ...... 508
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CONTENTS
XVII. United States Code ....................................................................... 509
Title 10. Armed Forces ............................................................................................... 509
Subtitle A. General Military Law .............................................................................. 509
Part n. Personnel .................................................................................................... 509
Chapter 53. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................................................................ 509
§ 1044d. Military Testamentary Instruments: Requirement for Recognition by States ................ 509
Title 26. Internal Revenue Code ................................................................................ 510
Subtitle B. Estate and Gift Taxes ............................................................................... 510
Chapter 11. Estate Tax ........................................................................................... 510
Subchapter C. Miscellaneous .................................. ...................... ..................................................... 510
§ 2206. Liability of Life Insurance Beneficiaries ............................................ .......... ................... 510
§ 2207. Liability of Recipient of Property Over Which Decedent Had Power of
Appointment .................................. .............................. ............................................ 510
§ 2207A. Right of Recovery in the Case of Certain Marital Deduction Property ......................... 511
Chapter 12. Gift Tax ............................................................................................... 511
Subchapter B. Transfers ..................................................................................................................... 511
§ 2518. Disclaimers ............................. ...... ............................... .................................................... 511
Title 31. Money and Finance ...................................................................................... 512
Subtitle m. Financial Management .......................................................................... 512
Chapter 37. Claims ................................................................................................. 512
Subchapter II. Claims ofthe United States Government ................................................................... 512
§ 3713. Priority of Government Claims ........ ............................................................................... 512
Table o/Cases ... .. ............. .. ...... .............. ..... .. .......... .... ... ....... ...... .... ... .. .. ...... ... .. .. ..... .... .. ................. ..... .. ..... 513
Index .... .... ... ...... .. ... .. ... ..... ............ ... ......... ... ... ................... .......... ........... .... ...... ... ...... ... ......... ........... .. ....... ... 515
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