BROMEC 32
Bulletin of Research on Metal Conservation
March 2011
Editorial
BROMEC 32 largely presents post-graduate research – an essential conservation research
sector that not only provides essential training for conservators and conservation scientists,
but one that makes a significant contribution to the breadth of research in our field as a
whole. Post-graduate metals conservation research is supported by BROMEC via its
international promotion, and encourages supervisors and their students to put forward their
best work into this international arena. Four new research projects and one ongoing project
are reported in this issue. Of the new research projects, treatment options are being
investigated for waterlogged Baroque metal-organic composite coffins excavated from an
urban site in Berlin as part of a master's training in conservation and restoration. From northwestern Italy, a PhD project surveying outdoor metallic artworks for their composition,
degradation and conservation methods is given. Also outlined is a bilateral agreement of
scientific cooperation between Italy and Morocco that uses plant extracts to develop nontoxic corrosion inhibitors for copper alloys. Meanwhile, anthropologists and an electron
microscopist describe their efforts to investigate trace amounts of remnant ore found on the
surfaces of metal ore millstones in southern France. Lastly, the update on the ongoing
project is made by a Phd student who reveals the corrosion products detected while using a
diffraction technique on a wrought iron surface as it reacts in simulated conservation
treatment solutions over time.
Anglophone Editor & Translator:
James Crawford
jamesbcrawford76 @ gmail.com
Francophone Coeditor:
Michel Bouchard
mbouchard@caraa.fr
Francophone Translators:
Nathalie Richard
n.richard.elmesti@ videotron.ca
Elodie Guilminot
elodie.guilminot @ arcantique.org
Marc Voisot
horloger @pendulerie.com
Hispanophone Coeditor:
Emilio Cano
ecano @ cenim.csic.es
Hispanophone Translators:
Diana Lafuente
diana.lafuente@ gmail.com
Inmaculada Traver
lacirujanadelarte @gmail.com
New information for future seminars and conferences includes the meetings: “Preserving
Archaeological Remains in situ (PARIS4)”; “6th International Congress on the Application of
Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology”; “IV Latin-american Congress on Metal
Conservation and Restoration 2011”; and “History, Technology and Conservation of Ancient
Metal, Glasses and Enamels”. An announcement for a new reference text on metallography
is made, while new websites are listed for the “European Federation of Corrosion’s Working
Party 21” (corrosion of archaeological materials) and for accessing the extended abstracts
from the “Archaeological Iron Conservation Colloquium 2010”.
According to surveyed participants, the ICOM-CC Metal 2010 meeting in Charleston, USA was
a successful and recommended meeting. It provided an engaging balance between
presentation time and question time – often resulting in an unremitting queue of enquiring
audience members! These questions and answers were recorded for inclusion in the final
conference publication. The ballot for the next ICOM-CC Metal meeting was recently cast
online by members and the venue for 2013 has been announced as Edinburgh.
In news from the National Contact Persons, Judy Logan of Canada has decided to vacate her
role. Many thanks to Judy for her contributions! Persons interested in carrying out the
dynamic and engaging role of a National Contact Person in countries with vacancies are
invited to contact the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group Co-ordinator, David Hallam (d.hallam
@nma.gov.au), who can provide you with further information on the recently revised
expectations of these engaging roles.
Lastly, the new, abstract image behind the title header of this issue has been provided for
the first time by one our authors, Beck et al. Its intention is to provide a readily identifiable
appearance for each issue. Thanks to co-ordination by Diana Lafuente we will continue to
publish images from submissions this way.
Enjoyable reading!
James Crawford
BROMEC 32
Contents
New research projects
Six different materials one conservation treatment: the inhibition of metal corrosion in polyethylene
glycol baths ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Study and conservation of outdoor metallic artworks belonging to Ligurian Cultural Heritage ........... 4
Development of new non-toxic corrosion inhibitors for protecting copper-based
archaeological artefacts................................................................................................................................ 5
Ore provenance of past iron industry: detection and conservation of metallic traces ..................................... 6
Ongoing research projects
In situ monitoring of dechlorination treatments of marine archaeological artefacts by micro X-ray
diffraction ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 8
General information
Future seminars and conferences ........................................................................................................................ 9
Announcements..................................................................................................................................................10
Websites .............................................................................................................................................................10
National Contacts ...............................................................................................................................................13
Cover image: “Detail of top view of coffin 372 after recovery of the block”, credit: Marianne Landvoigt and Brit
Göring. Refer to abstract by Beck et al., “Six different materials one conservation treatment: the inhibition of
metal corrosion in polyethylene glycol baths”.
BROMEC website: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/condensedmatt/sims/bromec/
BROMEC subscription: http://listserv.csv.warwick.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/bromec-bulletin-of-research-onmetal-conservation
2
BROMEC 32
Six different materials one conservation treatment: the inhibition of
metal corrosion in polyethylene glycol baths (HTW) 1
New research project
Contact: Sabine Beck
(Sabine.Beck@student.htwberlin.de) (HTW), Ilona
Hinneburg (ap47ih@ web.de)
(HTW)
Funding: Landesdenkmalamt
Berlin, European fund for
regional development,
University of Applied Sciences –
HTW Berlin
A masters project at the University of Applied Sciences - HTW Berlin, deals
with three Baroque children’s coffins excavated from the Berlin city centre in
spring 20082. The project is supported by the Museum für Vor- und
Frühgeschichte, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Landesdenkmalamt Berlin and
the European fund for regional development, which supports the IMPACT
program of the university.
The composite object consists of six different materials. The basic material is
wet oak wood spanned with goat leather that had first been stretched on two
layers of textile to maintain its shape. The functional elements are of iron and
a lead-copper alloy. The children’s names, birthdays and dates of death had
been pressed into the surface with brass nails featuring gilded surfaces.
The aim of the conservation treatment is to find a stabilisation method
sympathetic to all the organic and inorganic parts of this composite object.
For the conservation of the organic materials, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)
treatment of different molecular weights is necessary. Therefore, different
concentrations of PEG 400 and PEG 4000 are being examined. However,
publications often highlight the acidic character of PEG as one of the reasons
for its corrosivity. To better understand the environment in the PEGtreatment the pH-values are being measured. There are different methods
that might protect against the corrosivity of PEG-baths, e.g. corrosion
inhibitors, salts, buffers, oxidants and metal anodes. Corrosion inhibitors,
buffers and oxidants are difficult to deal with in the case of the children’s
coffins. Each of these methods might lead to safely conserved metal
components, but they might also react in an unpredictable way with the
organic materials, or the PEG. Thus, the main efforts to protect the metals
from corrosion are being investigated using different salts and metal anodes.
Varying preliminary tests with different PEG concentrations, different salts
and anodes with recent and archaeological materials are being carried out.
1. Original language version; submitted by
author in English.
2. http://krg.htwberlin.de/aktuelle_projekte/64.html;
http://aahh-berndsberlin.npage.eu/ausgrabungen__schlosspl
atz_berlin_49691720.html;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sgp5t
4TZSlM; http://impact.htwberlin.de/index.php
3
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Study and conservation of outdoor metallic artworks belonging to
Ligurian Cultural Heritage (DCCI-DIRAS, USG, UZ, UV) 1
New research project
The research aims are the conservation and improvement of metal artefacts
(mainly statues) belonging to Ligurian Cultural Heritage. The activities planned
to reach these goals are the:
●
Contact: Valeria Bongiorno
(DCCI, USG) (valeria.bongiorno @
gmail.com), Paolo Piccardo
(DCCI, USG), Franco Sborgi
(DIRAS, USG), Marilena
Carnasciali (DCCI, USG)
Funding: PhD grant from
Regione Liguria
●
●
●
●
●
1. Original language version; submitted by
author in English.
2. V. Bongiorno, P. Piccardo, F. Sborgi,
Diagnostics on metallic monuments and
decorative objects of the Monumental
Cemetery of Staglieno, Proceedings of the
33° AIM National Meeting (2010), Brescia
(I), Nov. 2010.
3. A.H. Hiorns, Metal colouring and
bronzing (1892) 95-256
4. W.J. Kaup, E.F. Lake, Metal colouring
and finishing – Methods of producing
colours on iron, steel, copper, bronze, brass
and aluminium – Burnishing metals (1914)
3-26
characterization of the constitutive materials and of the
corrosion layers of selected artworks;
establishment of a database of the alloys used and the corrosion
products found;
study and comprehension of the deterioration mechanisms of
metallic works of art;
study and comprehension of the protectiveness of artificial
patinas (i.e. artistic and aesthetic patinas made at the foundry);
evaluation of laser cleaning treatment (efficiency of corrosion
product removal and advantages and disadvantages on the
interaction with the metal substrate); and
evaluation of the protective treatments traditionally applied in
the field of restoration of metal objects.
During the first stage of the research the constitutive materials and the
composition of the corrosion layers of three metal sculptures belonging to the
Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno (Genoa, Italy) were characterized through
the application of some analytical techniques (SEM-EDXS, Raman
spectroscopy)2. The alloys of the sculptures (three quaternary bronzes of
different compositions) were reproduced and subsequently characterized to
confirm their nature. From each ingot twenty-five samples (1.5 x 2.0 x 0.4 cm)
were cut and then patinated using different methods (immersion, paste
application and torch technique) and recipes 3, 4, 5, 6. These patinas were then
characterized with EDXS microanalysis and Raman microspectroscopy. To
study the corrosion mechanism of the alloy and the protectiveness of the
produced patinas, the samples will be subjected to ageing in salt spray
chambers (with step by step EIS measurements) and to potentiodynamic tests
for corrosion resistance. The aged samples, after characterization with OM,
SEM-EDXS, micro-Raman and XRD analyses, will be used to test the efficiency
of cleaning treatments with pulsed laser (this work will be performed in
cooperation with the University of Zaragoza and the University of Vigo, Spain)
and with mechanical methods (e.g. air abrasive blasting).
5. R. Hughes, M. Rowe, The colouring,
bronzing and patination of metals (1991)
9-164
6. M. Ruhland, Antiquing of brass, copper,
and bronze, Metal finishing 98(1) (2000)
458-464
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Development of new non-toxic corrosion inhibitors for protecting
copper-based archaeological artefacts (ISMN-CNR, LECE-FSK) 1
New research project
Contact: Maria Pia Casaletto
(mariapia.casaletto @
ismn.cnr.it) (ISMN-CNR), Prof.
Najat Hajjaji (LECE-FKS).
Funding: International Bilateral
Agreement of Scientific and
Technological Cooperation
CNR/CNRST Morocco
2010/2011
A growing need of Mediterranean conservation institutions and museums is
to develop and use alternative safe and reliable long-term conservation
methods and strategies for bronze archaeological artefacts that could replace
the presently-used hazardous materials and processes. Conservation
materials and processes should be used following standardized, reliable and
reproducible procedures for removing soil traces, for stabilising bronze
archaeological artefacts and for avoiding further degradation during
exhibition or storage. Degradation phenomena occurring during
archaeological burial, post-excavation and exhibition or storage are the major
problems encountered for Cu-based artefacts. Bronze disease is the most
dangerous form of archaeological bronze degradation due to a cyclic reaction
that involves copper from the alloy and chlorides as a corrosive agent. A
conventional method to cure bronze disease requires protection with a 3-6
wt.% benzotriazole (BTA) alcoholic solution at T = 60 °C, but unfortunately BTA
is toxic and a suspected carcinogen. The development of new and safe
protection systems should offer alternative choices to conservationrestoration professionals for effective products to stabilize and protect metal
artefacts. These should be safe to use and dispose.
In this context, this research project deals with the investigation of the
corrosion inhibition properties of different artificially synthesized and
naturally produced compounds. In order to focus primarily on safety and
health concerns, plant extracts will be tested as corrosion barriers and/or
inhibitors. The main advantages of these products lie in their ease of use, low
cost and safe properties for both humans and the environment. The main
application of corrosion inhibitors in conservation is in the form of coatings or
dry films, i.e. forming an inhibitor layer chemically bonded to the surface of
the metal. Since archaeological artefacts are unique and not easily available
objects, reference materials are required to evaluate the anti-corrosion
properties of innovative compounds towards bronze disease. In this research
project, modern reference Cu-based alloys, intentionally produced by ISMNCNR with a chemical composition and micro-chemical structure similar to that
of ancient alloys, will be used as substrates. The efficiency of the inhibitors
will be investigated by using electrochemical techniques (voltammetry and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Substrates and films will be
characterized by using different surface and bulk analysis techniques, such as
optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy micro-analysis (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
1. Original language version; submitted by
author in English.
5
BROMEC 32
Ore provenance of past iron industry: detection and conservation of
metallic traces (IPH, UP) 1
New research project
Contact: Pierre-François Puech
(pfpuech @ yahoo.fr) (IPH),
Bernard Puech (IPH), Roger
Notonier (UP)
Funding: No external funding
The purpose of this research is to determine the cycle of the archaeological
items provenancing iron-rich areas that correspond to pre-20th century
ironwork forges. Data from La Barthe, close to Ambialet, Tarn (France), were
collected in order to create a record of this mining district.
Forges in the area arose close to iron mines, where charcoal (forests) and
hydropower were also present. Many of these small forges, which only
worked part time and for a short period, have left few traces. Our
investigation method is related to the identification of the surface traces with
their conservation and laboratory analysis in mind.
Currently, little data are available on the workshops that accompanied the
various inventoried pits that were bored in the countryside for extracting the
iron ore. Our work led to the discovery of rotating grinding millstones. The
type of these millstones, their raw materials, their fabrication and evidence of
use inform on the urban populations of the Ségalas and allow understanding
the cultural unity of that group over several centuries.
For the identification and conservation of the deposits on the dynamic surface
of the grinding wheels we used surface impressions. The technique is similar
to nitro-cellulose varnish replicas that allow the use of various analytical
microscopy techniques. SEM observation allows detecting and keeping track
of the metallic elements present in trace amounts.
1. Translated by M. Bouchard and J.
Crawford. Original version submitted by
author in French; refer to BROMEC 32
French version.
6
BROMEC 32
In situ monitoring of dechlorination treatments of marine
archaeological artefacts by micro X-ray diffraction (CEA, AA, SS,
LEMMA) 1
Ongoing research project
Contact: Florian Kergourlay
(florian.kergourlay@cea.fr)
(CEA), Delphine Neff (CEA),
Solenn Reguer (CEA), Philippe
Dillmann (CEA)
Funding: BDI, CNRS,
Synchrotron SOLEIL
Restoration-conservation workshops currently use treatments based on the
extraction of chloride ions to avoid the drastic alteration that underwater
ferrous archaeological artefacts can undergo after their excavation. Indeed,
the chloride ions trapped within the corrosion products of underwater ferrous
artefacts accelerate the corrosion processes in aerated and moist media.
Although these dechlorination treatments experience success, they remain
under-optimized (duration of treatment, lack of reproducibility…).
In the framework of a PhD and in close collaboration with a specialised
restoration-conservation laboratory, Arc’Antique, and the Laboratoire
d’Etudes des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs (LEMMA UMR 6250 CNRS/Univ.
La Rochelle), the Laboratoire d’Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l’Altération à
long terme (SIS2M/LAPA UMR 3299 CNRS/CEA) and the DiffAbs beamline at
the SOLEIL synchrotron, we investigate the dechlorination mechanisms
involved in the stabilization treatments applied to artefacts from marine
archaeological sites (refer to BROMEC 29). For this purpose, a set of samples
composed of Roman wrought iron ingots dated from 50AD and coming from
Gallo-Roman shipwrecks of Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (France) has been
studied.
Thanks to a dedicated cell, in situ structural investigation of the corrosion
pattern’s evolution during aerated and deaerated chemical treatments has
been performed by µXRD imaging. A fine description of the corrosion pattern
during a 24-hour treatment has been achieved. Three areas can be
highlighted:
i.
a non-treated area composed of the initial corrosion product
ferrous hydroxychloride (β-Fe2(OH)3Cl)
ii.
a transition area made of a mix of β-Fe2(OH)3Cl, ferrous
hydroxide (Fe(OH)2) and magnetite (Fe3O4); and
iii.
a treated area where β-Fe2(OH)3Cl has entirely evolved into
Fe(OH)2 and Fe3O4.
Dechlorination rates can be assumed from the observation of the
transformation of the corrosion products within the layer. These results allow
a more thorough comprehension of dechlorination mechanisms involved
during a treatment. The next step is to clearly understand what effect the
different stages (treatment, washing and drying) have on the transformation
of the object.
1. Original language version; submitted by
author in English.
7
BROMEC 32
Abbreviations and acronyms
AA: Arc’Antique, France
BDI: bourse de doctorat pour ingénieur
BTA: benzotriazole
CEA: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, France
CNRS: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France
DCCI: Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Italy
DIRAS: Dipartimento di Italianistica Romanistica Arti e Spettacolo, Italy
EDS/EDXS: energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscsopy
HTW: University of Applied Sciences – Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft HTW Berlin, Germany
IPH: Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, France
ISMN-CNR: National Research Council of Italy, Italy
LECE-FSK: Université Ibn Tofail, Morocco
LEMMA: Laboratoire d’Etudes des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs, France
OM: optical microscopy
PEG: polyethylene glycol
SEM: scanning electron microscopy
SS: Synchrotron SOLEIL, France
UP: Université de Provence, France
USG: Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
XRD: X-ray diffraction
8
BROMEC 32
General information
Future seminars and conferences
•
Preserving Archaeological Remains in situ (PARIS4) (23-26 May 2011, Copenhagen,
Denmark). The fourth PARIS conference will be held at the National Museum of Denmark. Over 50
abstracts for oral and poster presentation have been received covering the themes: degradation
of archaeological remains; monitoring and mitigation case studies; protocols, standards and
legislation for monitoring and management; preserving archaeological remains in situ. For further
information and registration please visit www.natmus.dk/paris4.
•
6th International Congress on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and
Archaeology (RAA 2011) (5-8 September 2011, Parma, Italy). The conference welcomes all
contributions on the application of Raman Spectroscopy in the fields of art history, history,
archaeology, palaeontology, conservation and restoration, degradation of cultural heritage,
archaeometry. Call for abstracts: before 1 March, 2011. Publication: on the occasion of RAA2011
conference, a special issue of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy will be published.
www.fis.unipr.it/raa2011/ RAA2011@ fis.unipr.it
•
IV Latin-american Congress on Metal Conservation and Restoration 2011 (Congreso
Latinoamericano de Conservación y Restauración de Metal) (13-17 September 2011). It will be
held at the Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España (IPCE-Ministerio de Cultura) in
Madrid. Deadline for abstracts submissions: April 29. Contact: congresos.ipce@ mcu.es
http://www.mcu.es/patrimonio/MC/CLCRM/index.html
•
History, Technology and Conservation of Ancient Metal, Glasses and Enamels (16-19
November 2011, Athens, Greece). An international symposium organized by N.C.S.R.
“Demokritos”/Institute of Materials Science and The National Technical University of Athens
(NTUA)/Department of Chemical Engineering. A meeting for researchers, scientists,
archaeologists, conservation scientists and executives who are involved in the history, technology
and conservation of ancient materials in Greece and adjacent areas. The official language will be
English. Oral/poster abstract submission deadline: 20 June 2011. Early registration deadline: 30
September 2011. Contact: lfilip@ ims.demokritos.gr
•
3rd International Conference, Archaeometallurgy in Europe 2011 (29 June-1 July 2011, Bochum,
Germany). The call for presenters and attendees is open for this interdisciplinary conference
hosted by the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum (www.bergbaumuseum.de). For more information
contact Andreas Hauptmann: aie3@ bergbaumuseum.de
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BROMEC 32
Announcements
•
Publication: Ancient Metals: Microstructure and Metallurgy Volume I. (David A. Scott
2010). Metallography is the scientific examination of metals using the optical microscope to study
grains, phases, the distribution of different components and how they affect casting and working
properties of the metals themselves. The principal focus of this first book in a series is on the
alloys of copper with the elements silver, tin, zinc, nickel, antimony and arsenic. 358 pages, full
colour throughout, indexed. To order your copy at the price of $112 (US), £76 (English Pounds),
or 88 Euros (Europe), please send cheque payable to author: Dr. David A. Scott, 2054 Walgrove
Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90066, USA. Incl. delivery: Europe £79 (English pounds) or 93
Euros (Europe and rest of the world).
Websites
•
Archaeological Iron Conservation Colloquium 2010 (24-26 June 2010, State Academy of
Art and Design, Stuttgart) extended abstracts (Gerhard Eggert and Britta Schmutzler (Eds.)) are
online:
o
o
o
o
o
http://www.iron-colloquium.abk-stuttgart.de/Documents/Tagungsband_session_1.pdf
http://www.iron-colloquium.abk-stuttgart.de/Documents/Tagungsband_session_2.pdf
http://www.iron-colloquium.abk-stuttgart.de/Documents/Tagungsband_session_3.pdf
http://www.iron-colloquium.abk-stuttgart.de/Documents/Tagungsband_session_4.pdf
http://www.iron-colloquium.abk-stuttgart.de/Documents/Tagungsband_postersession.pdf
•
European Federation of Corrosion’s Working Party 21: dedicated to corrosion of
archaeological materials http://www.efcweb.org/Working+Parties/WP+21.html
•
ANDRA: Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets RadioActifs. The following documents can
be ordered for free from this website: Analogues archéologiques et corrosion (French) and
Prediction of Long Term Corrosion Behaviour in Nuclear Waste Systems (English)
(http://www.andra.fr/interne.php3?publi=publication&id_rubrique=82&p=produit&id=5).
•
ARTECH network: Network facilitating the access of conservation professionals to different
investigation techniques for Cultural Heritage artefacts (http://www.eu-artech.org/).
•
BigStuff 2004: Care of Large Technology Objects
(http://www.awm.gov.au/events/conference/bigstuff/index.asp).
•
BROMEC ListServ: For direct email notification of BROMEC publication web links and calls for
submission of abstracts and announcements, simply subscribe with your preferred email address:
http://listserv.csv.warwick.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/bromec-bulletin-of-research-on-metalconservation
•
CAMEO: Chemical, physical, visual, and analytical information on over 10,000 historic and
contemporary materials used in the conservation, preservation, and production of artistic,
architectural, and archaeological materials (http://cameo.mfa.org/).
•
Cost Action G7: Artwork conservation by laser: (http://alpha1.infim.ro/cost).
•
Cost Action G8: Non-destructive analysis and testing of museum objects: Abstracts and booklets
from previous workshops can be downloaded as well as announcements of past activities (Short
Term Scientific Mission deadlines, training schools…) (http://srs.dl.ac.uk/arch/cost-g8/).
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BROMEC 32
•
Cost Action D42: ENVIART: Chemical Interactions between Cultural Artefacts and Indoor
Environment. Register (free) to access all information (http://www.echn.net/enviart/).
•
Electrochemistry in Historical and Archaeological Conservation (11-15 January 2010, Leiden, the
Netherlands). The majority of presentations from this workshop held at the Lorentz Center
(http://www.lorentzcenter.nl/), are available for download:
http://tinyurl.com/lorentzpresentations
•
e-Preservation Science: Online publication of papers in conservation science
(http://www.morana-rtd.com/e-preservationscience/).
•
European Cultural Heritage Network: European network of professionals interested in the
conservation of Cultural Heritage (http://www.echn.net/).
•
Ge-Conservacion is a periodical published by GEIIC (Grupo Español de Conservación/Spanish
Conservation Group of the International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works:
www.ge-iic.com/) in association with the Duques de Soria Foundation. Its purpose is to contribute
to the scientific development, dissemination and exchange of cultural heritage conservation and
restoration knowledge: http://ge-iic.com/revista/index.php?lang=en
•
ICOMAM: International Committee of Museums and Collections of Arms and Military History:
(http://www.klm-mra.be/icomam/).
•
ICOM-CC Metals Working Group: (http://www.icom-cc.org/31/working-groups/metals/). This site
is for all official ICOM-CC Metals WG activities, forums, news, file downloads and information. The
co-ordinator can email members from this site once members have registered on-line as a
member of the Metals WG. Public access to this site is limited.
•
Incredible Industry: The proceedings from the Nordic Association of Conservators 18th
Conference, “Incredible Industry, Preserving the Evidence of Industrial Society” (25-27 May 2009,
Copenhagen, Denmark) are now freely available online (www.nkf-dk.dk/Bulletin/NKF-Incredibleindustry09.pdf).
•
Industrial artifacts review: Industrial design and the role of art and photography in promoting
cultural heritage (http://industrialartifactsreview.com/).
•
Infrared and Raman for cultural heritage: (http://www.irug.org/default.asp).
•
Laboratoire Pierre Sue: LPS PhD thesis related to the alteration of archaeological artefacts can be
downloaded in French. Follow the link to “Archéomateriaux et prévision de l’altération”
(http://www-drecam.cea.fr/lps/).
•
LabS-TECH network: (http://www.chm.unipg.it/chimgen/LabS-TECH.html).
•
METALCons-info: Metals Conservation Information
(http://metalsconservationinfomation.wetpaint.com/) is where the old METALCons-info site is
being moved and redeveloped. This is a wiki based site, which means it can be grown by
contributions from “writers” - i.e. you. Its power depends on how willing you are to use it. Each
week it sends a summary of activity to members – so sign up! It is currently publicly visible, but
this may change with any unwanted activity.
•
M2ADL: Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory
(http://www.tecore.unibo.it/html/Lab_Microscopia/M2ADL/).
•
New York Conservation Foundation: (http://www.nycf.org/).
•
PROMET: A 3.5 year European 6th Framework funded project (21 partners from 11 countries
around the Mediterranean basin) that developed conservation strategies for outstanding metals
collections throughout the Mediterranean (http://www.promet.org.gr).
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BROMEC 32
•
Restauración Metal Sur América: (http://www.restauraciondemetales.cl/).
•
TEL: PhDs on line (http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/).
•
Yahoo Groups Metals Conservation: A discussion group for all who are interested in Metals
Conservation. Join in and make this a “Metals Cons-Dist List”
(http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Metals-Conservation-Discussion-Group).
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National Contacts
•
Argentina: Blanca Rosales (brosales@ fibertel.com.ar), researcher, CIDEPINT, La Plata.
•
Australia: David Hallam (dhallam@nma.gov.au), senior conservator-restorer of objects, National
Museum of Australia, Canberra.
•
Belgium: Annemie Adriaens (annemie.adriaens @ ugent.be), researcher and lecturer, head of the
group “Electrochemistry and Surface Analysis”, Ghent University, Ghent and Gilberte Dewanckel
(gilberte.dewanckel@ kikirpa.be), conservator-restorer, Royal Institute of Artistic Heritage (Institut
Royal du Patrimoine Artistique), Brussels.
•
Bulgaria: Petia Penkova (petiapenkova@yahoo.com), conservator-restorer, National Academy of
Arts, Department of conservation-restoration, Sofia.
•
Chile: Johanna Theile (jtheile @udd.cl), conservator-restorer and lecturer, Faculty of Art,
University of Chile The Oaks (Facultad de Arte, Universidad de Chile Las Encinas), Santiago de
Chile.
•
Croatia: Zoran Kirchhoffer (zoran.k@ tehnicki-muzej.htnet.hr), conservator-restorer, Zagreb
Technical Museum (Tehnički muzej Zagreb) and Sanja Martinez (smartin@ fkit.hr), electrochemist
and lecturer, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, University of Zagreb
(Sveučilište u Zagrebu), Zagreb.
•
Denmark: Karen Stemann Petersen (karen.stemann@ natmus.dk), conservator-restorer, The
National Museum of Denmark (National Museet), Copenhagen.
•
Egypt: Wafaa Anwar Mohamed (wafaaanw @yahoo.com), conservator-restorer, Giza.
•
Finland: Pia Klaavu (pia.klaavu @nba.fi), conservator-restorer, National Museum of Finland
(Suomen kansallismuseo), Helsinki.
•
France: Elodie Guilminot (elodie.guilminot@ arcantique.org), conservation scientist, Arc’Antique,
Nantes.
•
Germany: Britta Schmutzler (britta.schmutzler@ gmx.de), PhD “object conservation” student,
State Academy of Art and Design (Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste), Stuttgart.
•
Greece: Vasilike Argyropoulos (bessie@ teiath.gr), assistant professor, Department of
Conservation of Works of Art, Technological Educational Institution, Athens.
•
Hungary: Balazs Lencz (lenczb @gmail.hu), senior conservator-restorer, Conservation Department,
Hungarian National Museum (Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum), Budapest.
•
Italy: Paola Letardi (paola.letardi @ ismar.cnr.it), scientist, Institute for Marine Corrosion of Metals
(Istituto per la Corrosione Marina dei Metalli), Genova.
•
Morocco: Hind Hammouch (hamhind @yahoo.fr), scientist, Laboratory of Electrochemistry,
Corrosion and Environment, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra.
•
The Netherlands: Ineke Joosten (ineke.joosten@ icn.nl), conservation scientist, The Netherlands
Institute for Cultural Heritage (Instituut Collectie Nederlan), Amsterdam.
•
Norway: Douwtje Van der Meulen (d.l.v.d.meulen@ iakh.uio.no), conservator-restorer,
Conservation Department, University of Oslo (Universitetet i Oslo), Oslo.
•
Portugal: Isabel Tissot (isabel.tissot @archeofactu.pt), conservator-restorer, Portuguese
conservation-restoration Institute (Instituto Português de Conservação e Restauro), Lisbon.
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Romania: Dorin Barbu (barbu_dorin_laboratory @yahoo.com), conservator-restorer, National
Brukenthal Museum (Muzeul Naţional Brukenthal), Sibiu.
•
Russian Federation: Andrey Chulin (andrey_chulin @ yahoo.com), conservator-restorer, the State
Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg.
•
South Africa: Jaco Boshoff (jboshoff@ iziko.org.za), maritime archaeologist, Iziko Museums of
Cape Town, South Africa.
•
Spain: Emilio Cano (ecano@cenim.csic.es), scientist, National Centre for Metallurgical Research
(Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas), Spanish Council for Scientific Research
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Madrid.
•
Sweden: Helena Strandberg (helena.st@comhem.se), conservator-restorer and conservation
scientist, freelancer, Göteborg.
•
Switzerland: Valentin Boissonnas (valentin.boissonnas@ he-arc.ch), conservator-restorer and
lecturer, Technical University (Haute école de conservation-restauration Arc), La Chaux-de-Fonds.
•
United Kingdom: Maickel van Bellegem (Mbellegem @thebritishmuseum.ac.uk), conservatorrestorer, British Museum, London and Mark Dowsett (m.g.dowsett@ warwick.ac.uk), physicist,
University of Warwick, Coventry.
•
United States of America: John Scott (NYConsnFdn @ aol.com), New York Conservation
Foundation, New York.
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