ICTs for innovative sensing
and networking toward
sustainable society
Hiroshi Kumagai, Tetsuya Miyazaki, Tatsuya Yamazaki,
and Motoaki Yasui
NICT (National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology )
ICT Climate Change Symposium, Kyoto
15-16 APR 2008
1
Contents
z Several activities in ICTs to tackle global warming issue
1. Novel remote sensing techniques as the monitoring
tools;
1-1 CO2 laser sensing techniques
1-2 Global monitoring of cloud and aerosol with millimeter
radar
2. R&Ds for energy efficient ICTs
2-1 Photonics approach toward highly efficient broadband NW
2-2Ubiquitous sensor network approach: Smart proactive
HEMS and BEMS
3. Combining monitoring and controlling helps optimize the
measures
2
Optimization of Energy Management by ICTs
Monitoring
Visualization of Atmospheric Environment
Visualization of Energy Current
Visualization of GHG flux
Control
Optimum Management of Energy Consumption Proactive
HEMS&BEMS
Optimized Measures!
Feed
Back
Ultrafast, Low power consumption
Photonic Network
3
I. Monitoring technologies: Remote sensing
NICT conducts remote sensing R&D:
I-1. Laser sensing of CO2
I-2. Global monitoring of cloud with millimeter radar
Greenhouse Gases:
CO2 and other GHG absorb outgoing long waves; resulting
In warming
Cloud and Aerosol: direct
and indirect (cloud‐ albedo)
effect of aerosol cause cooling
with biggest uncertainty
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Radiative forcing Elements
zCO2 is the largest positive
Element with small uncertainty
zCloud albedo is the largest
Negative element with biggest
Uncertainty;
zMonitoring of these two
elements Is available by remote
sensing developed by NICT
IPCC AR4
5
NICT developed a CO2 laser sensor
DIAL (Differential absorption
Lidar) technique applied;
High power 2 μm wavelength
laser is used with coherent
detection;
Test measurement system
performs good coincidence with an
in-situ sensor
SPECTRUM
RANGE
Principle of DIAL measurement
Image of local CO2 measurement
Differential absorption lidar
operates at two wavelength,
one with large absorption
and the other with small
absorption with a gas,
enabling us to estimate gas
content
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Characteristics and test measurement of
NICT CO2 DIAL
‹Tm,Ho:YLF
laser with 12 LD
packages;
‹Rod cooling
down to –80C LD
controlled to 20C
700
LIDAR DATA
CO2 concentration (ppm)
Eye-safe laser can be
used horizontal and
downward emission
Spatial resolved capability
地 上 計 測 装 置 （ 10 分 平 均 ）
600
Special feature of
NICT 2 μm coherent
DIAL
500
Both daytime and
nighttime usable
400
300
200
Wind speed is measured
as well;
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2007/12/5 3:00
2007/12/5 0:00
2007/12/4 21:00
2007/12/4 18:00
0
Time (JST)
Diurnal variation of CO2 content visible
Solid state conductive
cooling laser is used (good
for mobile and satellite
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application);
Plan for development of mobile system and
field measurements
Present
2008-2010
Mobile system
2011Field measurement
Emission
source
sink
Lidar
Satellite validation
Global emission distribution
Laboratory system
Airborne system
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Satellite system
Cloud, Rain and Aerosol play significant role
in the climate change
Rain rate (Kubota 2007)
Hurricane Katrina 3D rain map
taken by TRMM PR(2005 Aug )
Air pollution (NASA 08)
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Rain production ratio over cloud occurrence (NASA 08)
EarthCARE Mission
EarthCARE (Cloud,
Aerosol and Radiation
Explorer) Mission
To study interactions
between cloud, radiative
and aerosol processes that
play a role in climate
regulation;
http://www.esa.int/esaLP/ASESMYNW9SC_LPearthcare_0.html
Cloud Profiling Radar
94 GHz with Doppler
capability
Tropical Cumulonimbus
Sensitivity -35 dBZ
seen from space shuttle
Vertical resolution 500m
cooling Sun light
(short wave) Doppler accuracy 1m/s
Warming
Payload sensors
Cloud profiling radar
Atmospheric lidar
Multi spectral imager
Wideband radiomete
Launch date 2013
NICT and JAXA develop
Cloud height information Cooling is an important parameter for radiation budget, warming which is only obtained 10
from Cloud radar; Surface: Infra-red(long wave)
2. R&Ds for energy efficient ICTs
2-1 Photonics approach: for highly efficient broadband NW
Growing Demands of Internet Traffic in Japan
Annual growth rate of internet traffic in Japan has been ~ 50 %
（It was estimated by summation of traffic among major three IXs in Japan.）
Total traffic amount will reach 1 Tbit/s (1000 Gbit/s) within the year 2008;
1 Peta bit/s will be realistic in 2030th.
Can current technologies sustain Peta bit/s networks?
Russian, Europe
China, Korea,
India
US
Current Backbone Optical Network
情報流通量　ギ
ガ ビ ッ ト毎秒
Traffic [Gbit/s]
3
10
Three Major IXs Traffic in Japan
2
10
1
10
0
10
2000/12
1 Tb/s within this year 2008.
50 % annual growth rate.
2005/12
2010/12
http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2006/060310_8.html
http://www.soumu.go.jp/joho_tsusin/policyreports/chousa/jise_ip/
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Why Optical Packet Switching ?
Current
Current Optical
Optical Network
Network
•Opaque electrical network
•Many Opt. ÅÆ Elec. conversion
Optical signalElectrical Optical signal
Fiber
O/E conv. Node
E/O conv.
•Electrical processing << 100 Gb/s
•Huge power consumption
> MW @ 100Tb/s
Electrical XC
Electrical router
Future
Future Optical
Optical Network
Network
•Transparent throughout network
•Less Opt. ÅÆ Elec. Conversion
Optical Signal
•Ultrafast optical
processing
•Low power consumption
•Small footprint
Optical Packet Switch
for Peta bit/s network
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A solution to high speed node with low
power consumption
Performance : bit/J
10Gbit/J
Next OPS node
(640G-IF)
320G-IF
160G-IF
1Gbit/J
Electronic Routers
100Mbit/J
Electronic Processing
Speed Limitation
80G-IF
EPS Router #2
16x16 (40G-IF, 1.28Tbps)
EPS Router #1
32x32 (10G-IF, 640Gbps)
Prospect of OPS
OPS Prototype
2x2 (DWDM)
(
without optical buffering )
10Mbit/J
10Gbps
EPS: Electronic Packet Switch
OPS: Optical Packet Switch
100Gbps
1Tbps
Throughput
/port
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OPS Prototype Development by NICT
1.28T
(10G x 128λ)
1.28T
Throughput / port (bit/s)
640G
320G
160G
160G
(10G x 16λ)
160G
80G
40G
40G
WDM packet
20G
80G
(10G x 8λ)
TDM packet
10G
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
(
without optical buffering )
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2-2Ubiquitous sensor network approach:
Proposed Proactive HEMS and BEMS
Conventional HEMS and BEMS
To optimize operation and control of home appliances or office equipments with techniques as real time monitoring and data visualization; Proactive HEMS and BEMS
Status and power consumption data are collected from all electric instruments and network‐based coordinated control is applied to them; maximum energy saving with maximum comfort achieved; Ubiquitous
network
technique
Power sensing and
controllng module
＋
Communicartion
module IZigBee, or
PLC)
出典：四国電力（株）
OpenPLANETのＨＰより
HEMS: Home Energy Management System
BEMS: Building and Energy Management System
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Ubiquitous Sensor Network in Home
Sensing modules attached to all electric instruments form a home
ubiquitous sensor network. The modules also control the power consumption of the electric instruments.
Sensor networking module
Surplus electricity will be stored in the battery.
Home Server
(1) Sensing data analysis
(2) Controlling power
consumption
Electric vehicle
Battery
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Summary and conclusion
zA novel ICT approach proposed to combine sensing and controlling
to find optimized measures for climate change;
zMonitoring with ICT:
zA new laser remote sensor to measure CO2 distribution is
established, which enables us to estimate CO2 flux in both global
and local scales.
zSatelliteborne cloud profiling radar to monitor global 3D cloud
field for joint Europe and Japan program of EarthCARE is under
development, for better understanding of cloud aerosol process,
thereby improving global warming prediction;
zImprove efficiency in network and energy systems:
z Optical packet switching has been developed for future target of
terabit/s speed with reasonable power consumption.
zUbiquitous sensor network technique is proposed to realize
smarter proactive HEMS and BEMS;
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