International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 6- April 2016
Harmonic Mitigation in Standalone PV
System for Three Phase System
J.Preethi#1, S.Purushotham*2
M.E- Power system engineering, Sonacollege of technology
Salem,India
Abstract-This paper presents an research and review of
three types of filters to minimize harmonics distortion
triggered in standalone PV system for three phase
system.In order to achieve the certain filtering impact, it's
important to incorporate different filtration system
topologies generally these topologies can be split into two
categories that happen to be series AC reactor and shunt
passive filter such as tuned filters and high pass filters.This
paper affords firstly the primary design and components of
PV system, also portrays the reasons for harmonics and
their belongings and gives the way to enhance power
quality and to protect the equipment in our power
system.The system which is proposed is validated by the
simulation using Matlab/Simulink environment.
I.INTRODUCTION
The worldwide vitality interest is always
expanding, and the toxin way of fossil energies has
expanded the enthusiasm of the improvement of renewable
energies.Solar energy vitality is ample around the world,
and the most ideal approach to create power without
contamination[I].We can utilize sun based PV frameworks
for residential utilize and store overabundance power in
batteries for later utilize this is a Standalone PV System, or
food into the power lattice to decrease the power bill [2-3].
In standalone PV framework power electronic gear and non
linear loads are broadly utilized and came about genuine
consonant issues. Regularly, standalone PV framework is
intended to work at frequencies of 50Hz..Albeit certain
sorts of burdens produce current and voltage signal with
frequencies that are number products of the 50Hz crucial
recurrence. [4].These higher frequencies are
called electrical contamination that is known as power
system harmonics. Harmonics causes block to the typical
operation of the hardware or the framework.Harmonics are
produced by different reasons, for example, immersion,
exchanging like thyristor/diode rectifiers, cyclo converters
can interface antagonistically in the PV framework.It is
basic to examine, evaluate and decrease these harmonics to
a level which meets the IEEE 519-1992 standard
.Countless topologies and separating systems are proposed
in writing including passive, active and hybrid filters [6].
This paper concentrates on the examination and
configuration of symphonious inactive channels for three
phase standalone PV framework, single tuned channel for
low order frequencies and high passive channel for high
order frequencies [6-7].This work is composed as takes
ISSN: 2231-5381
after segment I talks about to sum things up the
demonstrating of the standalone PV frameworks; segment
II portrays the inactive channels outline for the harmonic
moderation in the standalone PV framework.Figure 1
demonstrates the piece chart of the proposed standalone
framework PV module.
Figure 1.Block diagram of PV System
The framework involves a PV module containing
various PV cells associated in arrangement to get a fancied
DC voltage,a DC/DC help converter is utilized to produce a
higher DC voltage, a DC/AC inverter is important to give
an AC yield voltage.For the standalone application and non
straight loads, Passive Filter must be utilized for harmonic
alleviations.
II.MODELING OF STAND ALONE PV SYSTEM
A.PV cell
Photovoltaic cell produces power by changing
over daylight, because of the way that the voltage and
current yield of a sign PV cell can be too little, PV cell is
associated in arrangement or parallel mix to acquire the
voltage and current level suitable for handy use.The PV
cell can be demonstrated as a present source Iph in parallel
with a diode, shunt resistor Rsh and arrangement Rs
resistor as appeared in figure 2.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 6- April 2016
The most regularly utilized files to evaluate
voltage and current twists are voltage and current THD that
can be figured as takes after.
THDx =
(5)
where x can be the voltage or the current.
Figure 2.Model of PV cell
D. LC filter:
By applying Kirchhoff's law in the proportional
circuit of sun powered cell, the current created can be
acquired as:
I=
- -
(1)
Where Iph is the light creating current which
relies on upon the sunlight based irradiance, Id is the
current moving through the diode which relies on upon the
sun powered cell temperature; Ish is the current streaming
in the comparable shunt resistance of the sun oriented cell
[2].
=V+ I
= (V + I )/
= [ exp(
h
-1)]
(2)
(3)
(4)
2 . f. L.
<0.03
(6)
Where I_Lmax is the most extreme RMS (Root
Mean Square) Load current, f is yield voltage frequency
50Hz and V_o is the RMS estimation of inverter yield
voltage, the channel capacitance esteem C is then
ascertained from the reverberation connection as given in:
C=
n :Ideality factor of p-n junction of cell.
: Voltage across the diode.
q : Electronic charge: 1.602 x
C.
K: Boltzmann's constant: 1,38x
.
T : Solar temperature .
: short circuit current.
(7)
Where
is cut off frequency.
III.HARMONIC PASSIVE FILTER
B. DC/DC Boost Converter:
A. Three phase Non-linear load:
A Boost converter is proposed and favored of
DC/DC converter in the standalone PV framework since he
can venture up little DC voltage delivered by PV board to a
more elevated amount suitable for the DC/AC inverter [2].
C. Full-Bridge Inverter:
Single stage Full-Bridge inverter is utilized to
change over the DC yield voltage of the DC/DC Boost
Converter into AC voltage required for an AC loads, in the
standalone PV framework. Beat Width Modulation (PWM)
is utilized to make legitimate gating signals for switches.
The door signs are heartbeats gotten by contrasting a
reference sinusoidal sign Vref and a triangular sign Vc[2-34].
When all is said in done, there is much harmonic
part in yield inverter voltage, along these lines by picking a
high estimation of the transporter recurrence encourages
sifting of current and diminishes the consonant yield
voltage yet control switches have a restricted time of
conduction then it's important to discover a bargain,
subsequently a LC channel is planned and used to channel
the high frequency harmonic in yield inverter voltage.
ISSN: 2231-5381
To diminish harmonics contained in yield inverter
voltage and to make a perfect yield sinusoidal voltage the
LC Low pass channel is utilized. It is set between the
inverter and the heap in a standalone PV framework. The
LC channel picked is a second request which dispenses
with all high request harmonics; the channel inductance
esteem L is computed such that the voltage drop over the
inductor is under 3% of the inverter yield voltage Vo [2].
Three stage Non-straight loads comprising of
parts, for example, rectifiers, lighting electronic stabilizer,
bright lights create and infuse current and voltage
Harmonics in the force framework. The principle issues are
extra power misfortunes in the electrical hardware,
mistakes in estimation. In this manner relief is required to
keep up Power Quality and enhance vitality productivity
and decrease the potential for gadget disappointment by
utilizing Harmonic Passive channels [8].
B. Series-connected AC Reactor :
Arrangement AC Reactor is constituted of an
inductor associated in arrangement with the non
straightloads, this sort of designs is considered as a low
pass channel. Figure 3 outlines the fundamental
arrangement of arrangement associated reactor in the force
framework.It can pass low recurrence sounds and gives
high impedance to high recurrence symphonious streams to
limit their duplication into the power system.The value of
this channel is in its ease, little size and gives no
framework reverberation condition. The estimation of the
inductor is set to a voltage drop of somewhere around 3%
and 5% of the ostensible voltage of the system [9].
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 6- April 2016
Figure 5. Simulation model of standalone PV system
connected to three phase load with filter.
Figure 3. Series AC reactor
C. Shunt Passive Filters:
Shunt Passive channels dependably been
considered as a decent answer for take care of consonant
current issues [10], shunt inactive channels can be ordered
into three fundamental classifications as takes after:
1. Band pass filters
2. High pass filters
3. Composite filters.
Shunt passives filters as shown in figure 4.
The harmonic spectra and THD is analysed with
no filter, with a series AC reactor and with composite
filters.
Figure 6 illustrates the output voltage of PV cell.
Figure 6. Solar output Voltage
Figure 7 Illustrates the voltage and current
waveforms which is distorted without filter.
a)Tuned filter
b)High pass filter
Figure 4. Shunt passive filters
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
Figure 7: Output waveform without filter
The standalone PV framework with passive filter
associating with a full wave span rectifier with three stage
non-direct load is proposed and mimicked utilizing
Matlab/Simulink in this paper as appeared in figure 5, the
simulation is carried out as series AC reactor alone, and
mix of arrangement reactor and two single tuned channels
to the third and fifth harmonics and a high pass channel to
remunerate higher order harmonics.Thus the simulation is
done using MATLAB. The detail models are given in the
figures below. It includes the passive filter model and
standalone PV system module connected to a three phase
load.
Figure 8 show the voltage and current waveform
which is sinusoidal in nature.
Figure 8: Output waveform with filter
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 6- April 2016
V.CONCLUSION
This paper has exhibited a consonant moderation
study in the framework, utilizing three sorts of latent
channels in particular, arrangement reactor and shunt
inactive channels: single tuned and high pass channels in
eliminating harmonics. Line reactor offers the upside of his
straightforwardness and ease it gives no framework
reverberation condition and its can accomplish a
noteworthy diminishment in harmonics however the
aggregate consonant twisting can't be underneath to 5%
that is the reason utilization of shunt latent channels was
important to enhance framework quality.
From the output shown above has been proved
that harmonics can be reduced with greater extent using
filters with the THD % of 4.4%.
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