International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 4 - September 2015
A Framework for Technologically Advanced Smart Agriculture
Scenario in India based on Internet of Things Model
1
Dr.Vikash Kumar Singh, 2Devendra Singh Kushwaha, 3Manish Taram, 4Anuradha Taram
1
Head (I/C) Dept. of C.S, 2Assistant Professor, 3Research Scholar, 4Student
IGNTU Amarkantak, (M.P.)
smart objects; No, answer is simple because it is not
necessary to be a computer fitted inside every object
so that it can be called as a smart object rather a
smallest device which is able to communicate with
other devices through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC chips
(Near Field Communication) or IR Blastsetc is a
smart device.[3]
Following technologiesare used in IoT Model:
ABSTRACT
In last couple of years there were so many
advancements that have been introduced to the
agricultural industry in India like Green-House
technology, Canal-Based irrigation System, River
Dams for water harvesting and so on but there are
few of them which can actually reduce the physical
labor of farmers now as we are living in 21st century
things have to be changed as farmers are working
very hard in spite of unfavorable climate conditions
in India. Therefore we would like to introduce the
concept of smart agriculture through this paper based
on smart objects of Internet of Things Model.
Keywords – Wi-Fi, RFID, NFC, IoT, IR (Infra-Red
Blasts)

Bluetooth - Bluetooth is a wireless technology
standard for exchanging data over short distances
(using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM
band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile
devices and building personal area networks (PANs).
This technology is very popular nowadays and is
used to transfer data files, audio, video and
images.[4]
INTRODUCTION
A network of small and big electronic devices like
smart phones, pagers, sensors, laptops, smart watches
medical and household applications etc; with internet
facility in them such that they can interact through it
is called Internet of Things having an acronym as
IoT.[1]
Idea is to connect almost every electronic device in
this world so that each and every device can act as a
computer at least in way that enables them to interact
with each other. This type of communication is called
as M2M or machine to machine communication.
There are also other means of communication such as
machine to human-M2H etc which are possible
through IoT framework.[2]
There is a dilemma that whether objects really
have to be computer fitted inside them to be called as

Figure 1: A Block Diagram of functional blocks in
the Bluetooth system.
radio frequency
spectrum.[5]
of
the
electromagnetic
Wi-Fi (WirelessFidelity)– This technology uses
the process of sending information through
invisible waves in the air. Information such as
data, voice, and video are carried through the
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 4 - September 2015

RFID – This technology is known as Radio
Frequecy
Identification.
Radio-frequency
identification (RFID) is the wireless use of
electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the
purposes of automatically identifying and tracking
tags attached to objects. The tags contain
electronically stored information. Some tags are
powered by electromagnetic induction from magnetic
fields produced near the reader. Some types collect
energy from the interrogating radio waves and act as
a passive transponder. Other types have a local power
source such as a battery and may operate at hundreds
of meters from the reader. Unlike a barcode, the tag
does not necessarily need to be within line of sight of
the reader and may be embedded in the tracked
object.[7]
Figure2: Block Diagram Showing Working of
Wireless Transmission through Wi-Fi.

NFC (Near Field Communication)NFC or
Near Field Communication is a short range high
frequency wireless communication technology. In
this technology a radio communication is established
by touching the two phones or keeping them in
proximity of a few centimeters. It is mainly aimed for
mobile or handheld devices.NFC is an extension of
Radio
frequency
identification
or
RFID
technology.RFIDis mainly used for tracking and
identification by sending radio waves.NFC is based
on RFID which is a system that communicates using
radio waves between a reader and an electronic tag
attached to an object its operating frequency is
13.56 MHz and data rate varies from106 kbps to
424 kbps.[6]
Figure 3: Working principle of NFC technology.
ISSN: 2231-5381
Figure 4: Depiction of transmission based on
Electromagnetic fields in RFID.
APPLICATION IN SMART AGICULTURE
An agricultural framework consisting of smart
technology is need of today’s 21st century era. There
can be a drastic change in primitive methods used by
Indian farmers. Actually farmers often need real time
data on various aspects of land, weather, seed,
fertilizers and water etc. This framework will help
our Indian farmers to take better crops in time and
they can be saved from any losses that can occur in a
complete crop-cycle.[8]
Few of the smart ways are suggested as follows:
Temperature – censors that can perfectly
measure the right temperature of the soil and weather
comes in handy while initiating a crop.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 4 - September 2015
Humidity – many crops required an
estimated amount of soil humidity which can be
measured by smart devices.[9,10]
proper water supply or are having a dry soil. For
these type of areas a water harvesting method fitted
with smart devices can be used. A water harvesting
method can consist of a pond, overhead-tanks or any
other means of water storage. They too can keep
record of storage and inform the respective farmers
about supplies and cleaning time of them.[17.18]
Figure 5: A Temperature and Humidity Censor.
Micro-organisms – Some micro-organisms
are too required for best quality of crop soil so they
can also be detected using smart devices and in case
of non-availability they can be deployed too using
smart methods.[13,14]
Figure 6: Micro-organism Detection through
smart devices.
Irrigation- this could be better termed as
smart irrigation as censors and any other devices that
can check the right amount of water to be supplied to
the crops and which can automatically control the
water flow. Also, smart devices fitted within can also
communicate with the farmers updating them about
the future water supply requirements.[15,16]
Figure 8: Water harvesting through smart
devices.
SOFTWARE STRUCTURE OF SMART
AGICULTURE SYSTEM
For a whole system to be smart there should be
software system which can monitor and record the
data send by all the devices there will be requirement
of terminal link, business link and machine to machine
M2M platform in which all the sensor data can be
joined with communication terminal directly and can
communicate with M2M platformdirectly. A definite
radio frequency can be used to connect with M2M
platform. This system can get all the data in real time
which can be used to send to smart phones creating a
M2H machine to human interface through SMS
sending apps.[19]
Figure 7: Advanced Irrigation through smart
devices.
Water Harvesting – There are many
farming places in our country which don’t have
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 4 - September 2015
CONCLUSION
Further studies are required for the establishment of
such a system. Remote monitoring system with
internet and wireless communications combined is
proposed. At the same time, taking into account the
system management, information management system
can be designed. The collected data by the system
could be provided for agricultural research and
management facilities. Study shows that agriculture
monitor system based on lOT technology has certain
precision of monitor and control. According to the
need surrounding monitor , this system has realized
the automatic control on the environmental
temperature, humidity factors. And the system has
offered a good growth condition, it should be easy to
operate, the interface should be friendly, offering the
real time environmental factors in the crop field.
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