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H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
P R O JE C TS M A D E B Y H A E C O N
IN T H E T R A N S P O R T A T IO N S E C T O R
IN Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium)
121246
January 1983
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
vav/Atr-
---H A E C O N N .V .
H arb o u r and Engineering Consultants
Deinsesteenweg 110
B - 9 8 1 0 G ent
Belgium
T e l.. (0 9 1 ) 2 6 .5 0 .9 4 .
Telex 1 2 5 8 6 H A E C O N B
U
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n.v.
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1
:
Design
studies
fo r the extension
o f the
outer-harbour at
Zeebrugge (1 9 7 6 - 1981)
Part 2
:
Advisory services by H A E C O N fo r the construction o f the
N ew outer-harbour at Zeebrugge (1 9 8 1 -...)
Part 3
HAECON N.V.
:
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
Miscellaneous projects in the p o rt o f Zeebrugge (1 9 6 8 -...)
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
1.
Design studies fo r the extension o f the outer-harbour
at Zeebrugge (1 9 7 6 - 1981)
r
_n_Lr-v
R
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
IN T R O D U C T IO N
From 1 97 6 to 1981 the engineering office Haecon-Zeebrugge made the design studies
fo r the harbour extension in Zeebrugge
This extension is necessary to ensure access to the new sea-lock which has been under
construction since 1 97 1. In M ay 1 9 7 6 , the G overnm ent decided to install an L N G te r­
minal w ith in this extension.
W ork began in January 1 9 7 7 and is effected w ith a flexib le contract which ensures
a continuous interaction between the
contractors, the study office and the client.
Acceptance o f the w o rk is estimated fo r the end o f 1985. Ships w ill be able to have
access to the new lock fro m
1 98 3. The total construction cost estim ated is about
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 US $.
The w o rk involves the construction o f o u ter-po rt breakw ater in the N o rth Sea w ith a
total length o f about 1 1.5 km . This w ill require 1 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 tons o f gravel, 1 1 ,7 8 0 ,0 0 0
tons o f stones and 6 4 ,0 0 0 concrete blocks o f 2 5 tons. The project also requires dredging
o f about 1 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 m 3 o f w hich 8 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 m 3
were used fo r restoration o f the
beaches on the Belgian east coast, one o f the biggest operations o f its kind in the w o rld .
A m ong the specific problems to be solved, one can m ention :
-
interaction o f the harbour structures on the Scheldt estuary,
-
silting o f the existing entrance channel to Zeebrugge,
-
cross-currents up to fo u r knots at the harbour entrance,
-
p o rt
safety
problems
w ith
simultaneous
tra ffic
of
LNG
ships,
passenger ves­
sels, container ships and explosives.
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
OFFSHORE
N E A R • SHORE
ONSHORE
â
\
HK
seism ic
borehole
calibration
bot t om
sam pling
seismic
profiling
lithology
eone
resistance
r L
I
T I M E SECT I ONS
TIME
SECTIONS
tlx )
t(x)
TIME MAPS
TIME
t(x.y)
MAPS
t ( x,y )
VELOCITIES
V ( l)
INTER PR ETATIO N
DEPTH
DEPTH SECTIONS
DEPTH
z ( x.y )
KEY
S EC TIO N
ARRAYS
J
MAPS
THICKNESS)
MAP S
DEPTH
OF A S E L E C T E D
HORIZON
THICKNESS
OF A S E L E C T E D
BED
( isopachs )
( isobaths )
'M
F ig . 0 G eneral scheme o f the in te rp r e ta tio n flo w o f th e in te g ra te d g e o te c h n ic a l and se ism ic data and
p re s e n ta tio n mode o f the re s u lts .
1. 18/11
(j l I
W B Œ
M
...
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
G E O T E C H N IC A L S U R V E Y S
Location
Zeebrugge (Belgium )
C lient
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw - Zeezand
S tart o f th e S tu d y
:
Septem ber 197 6
End o f the Study
O ctober 1981
B rief description o f the project :
The decision to develop the outer harbour o f Zeebrugge, which involves the con­
struction
o f an L N G -term in al and entails the dredging o f approach channels and
the protection o f the east coast, has form ed the incentive fo r an a p p lication -o ri­
entated seismic survey, integrated in to a m arine engineering investigation program m e.
In its reconnaissance stage, the geotechnical investigation fo r the o u ter harbour con­
sisted o f the follow ing consecutive phases: seismic p ro filin g (7 5 km ) offshore conepenetration testing, offshore drilling w ith associated laboratory testing o f disturbed
and undisturbed samples (classification tests, stress and d efo rm ation tests) backed by
parallel
onshore cone-penetration testing and drilling. Subsequent detailed investi­
gations involve additional drilling and cone-penetration testing, pressiometer testing,
borehole logging and laboratory testing. T o interprétate the results o f the core pene­
tratio n tests, the vibrocoring dow n to 4 or 5 m was very useful.
Average drilling and geotechnical testing depth am ounts to 15 to 3 0 m below seabed,
w ith a few additional offshore and onshore deep boreholes ranging between 6 5 and
1 00 m below seabed or soil level.
The approach channel area and the eastern near-shore area have been covered by a
seismic survey (3 4 5 km )
drilling.
and an associated program m e o f vibrocoring and offshore
T he total num ber o f vibrocores am ounts to about 2 5 0 . Sedim ent transport
investigations involved radioactive tracer studies and b o tto m sedim ent density deter­
minations.
The results o f the intensive geotechnical survey showed th a t it was necessary to exe­
cute a soil replacem ent fo r about 8 km o f the breakwaters. The w eak top layers (4 to 6
m) are dredged and the trench is filled w ith coarse sea-sand.
The q u ality o f the dum ped sand was controlled :
in the earlier stage by density measurements
(+ laboratory testing) and CPT
later on by CPT's
(continued „.)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
■
Intorfön
s
ABOON
r il^
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
G E O T E C H N IC A L S U R V E Y S
page 2
When necessary, the dum ped sand is com pacted by vib ratio n . A fte r com paction CPT's
are executed again.
Seismic w o rk provides the lateral exploration pow er which p o in t investigations like
boreholes lack. On the other hand, borehole data, seabed coring and penetration testing
provide the necessary clues fo r id en tificatio n o f observed seismic events and fo r raising
any am biguity inherent in the seismic m ethod.
The vertical tim e dimension o f seismic profiles can be converted in to depth by suitable
borehole control and seismic velo city models, com piled from refraction data and w ellshooting.
Services
:
d e fin itio n , supervision and in terp retatio n o f all tests,
Special technical features:
This comprehensive geotechnical survey fo r the offshore extension o f Zeebrugge
harbour illustrates some possibilities and lim itations o f seismic p ro filin g in Belgian
offshore areas and proves a striking example o f its successful integration in geotech­
nical investigations.
,
Miscellaneous remarks
:
This general geotechnical investigation program me was carried out by Haecon-Zeebrugge.
World Bank Sym bols
:
Fields o f specialization : K 5 0 0 , K 5 0 4 , K 5 1 0 , K 5 1 1
Types o f services : 1b, 1c, 1e, 1 f, 3g, 3 k , 4b , 4d,
Level o f e ffo rt : class 4 (over 2 0 0 m an-months)
HAECON N.V.
s
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
["■I [KM^DOíMl
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
S U R V E Y O F S E A B O T T O M -L IT H O LO G Y
Location
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand.
S ta rt o f the study
197 5
End o f the study
1981
B rief description o f the project
:
The survey o f sea b o tto m -lith o lo g y forms
extension o f Zeebrugge.
part o f the design studies fo r the po rt
A b o u t 6 0 0 Shipek bottom-sam ples are taken fo r the qualitative and q uantitative
description o f the sea-floor.
Samples are sedim entologically described in situ and sent up to the laboratory fo r ana­
lysis o f grain-size distribu tion , organic co n ten t and field density.
Continuous
lithological surveys are perform ed using a natural rad io activity gauge.
Vibrocorings up to a depth o f 5 m are executed fo r the lithological depth distributions
o f loose sediments. The cores are analysed w ith a gam ma-densimetric array to deter­
mine the density o f the cores w ith o u t opening them .
Services
survey
b o tto m - sampling
continuous survey o f lithology
vibro - coring
research
analysis o f samples
use o f the gam ma-densimetric array
Special technical features
developm ent o f a natural radio-activity gauge
use o f gam ma-densimetric array.
Miscellaneous remarks
World Bank Symbols
:
This study was carried o ut by Haecon - Zeebrugge
Field o f specialization : T R -K 5 0 5
Types o f services : 1b, 1i
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 20 man-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
LJ
o
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
M A S T E R P L A N H A R B O U R E X T E N S IO N
Location
:
ZEEBRUGGE
(Belgium)
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw - Zeezand
Start o f the study
:
1976
End o f the study
:
1981
Brief description o f the project : A t present Zeebrugge is Belgium's m ajor coastal
harbour. On a lim ited area very diversified po rt users co-exist : containers, a fishing
po rt, a crude oil term in al, a yacht harbour, quays fo r general cargo (including exp lo ­
sives), as well as a car ferry term in al. A LN G term inal is planned.
The study program me fo r the extension o f the
Haecon-Zeebrugge, had, as prim e objectives :
Port o f Zeebrugge entrusted to
1
1. T o assure access to the lock and the deepening o f the p o rt w ith a view to
receiving fu lly laden 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 td w . ships.
2. T o determ ine and prepare the areas fo r unloading, storage and regasification o f
the L N G .
A p a rt from the tw o objectives m entioned, Haecon-Zeebrugge has also to ascertain
th a t the extension plans are flexib le so th a t fu tu re extensions or adaptations o f the
outer harbour are possible. The way in w hich the works can con trib u te to obtaining
a b etter zoning o f the p o rt activities has also to be studied.
Whatever the geographical position o f a po rt may be, a rational zoning o f the port
avoiding dispersion and m ixing o f d iffe re n t tra ffic , is an im p o rta n t con d itio n fo r the
proper exp lo itation of the po rt. This is w h y the Haecon-Zeebrugge studies analyse
the possibilities o f regrouping the energy berths (oil tankers, m ethane tankers),
in one area o f the po rt, the containers in another area, the ro ll-o n /ro ll-o ff berths
in a th ird area, and so on. The extension o f the p o rt allows a m ore distinct sep­
aration o f the tra ffic and th a t can only im prove efficiency o f loading and unloading
operations and o f safety measures.
On the other hand, taking in to account th a t Zeebrugge is the only Belgian p o rt
located o ff the N orth Sea, the land which w ill be gained fro m the sea has an im ­
po rtan t p o rt vocation.The design o f dykes and entrance channels and the plans fo r
road access must therefore be such, th a t the creation o f a new potential fo r quick
ship handling is n o t obstructed but, on the con trary, can be realised in an optim um
w ay. W ith this objective, Haecon has so far elaborated various plans fo r linking the
po rt w ith the hinterland, w ith road and rail plans as well as plans fo r transport by
pipeline. The organization of the general road entrance to the p o rt was the object o f a
thorough study in 1 9 7 8 -1 9 7 9 . T h e existing and fu tu re p o rt tra ffic had in no way to be
detrim ental to tourist activities (excessive noise, site tra ffic on coast roads etc ...).
World Bank Sym bols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 1 0 1 , K 1 0 2 , K 2 0 1 , K 4 0 5 , K 5 1 4
Types o f services : 2c, 5e
Level o f e ffo rt ; class 1 (less than 2 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
C EN TR A L W ORK A R EA
Location
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
Client
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw - Zeezand
Start o f the study
197 6
End o f the study
1979
B rief description o f the project
:
In order to build the outer-harbour breakwaters fo r the Zeebrugge P ort Extension,
huge quantities o f sand, gravel, quarry rock, concrete, ... have to be handled by pur­
pose-built workships, dumpers and cranes.
Design quantities fo r the central w o rk area were :
design throughput
:
. arrival : 3 4 .0 0 0 t/w e e k
. leaving : to barges : 3 3 .0 0 0 t/w e e k
to construction fro n t : 2 7 .0 0 0 t/w e e k
design stockpile
:
6 8 0 .0 0 0 ton
area
:
3 5 ha
Finally the follow ing organisation scheme was adopted :
supply by 20-to n road-trucks and 1 100-to n trains,
the
trucks
and
railway-wagons
are
weighed auto m atically when
entering and
leaving the site - the railway-wagons do n o t have to stop.
the trucks unload the stockpiles
shovels and bulldozers clean-up around the stockpiles,
the railway-wagons once weighed are marshalled, and then unloaded by h yd rau ­
lic grab crane,
fro m
the
stockpiles 3 5-to n
site-dumpers are loaded by hydraulic grab cranes
and bring the rock to the service-port w h a rf or to the breakw ater construction
fro n t.
Services
planning and design (start Septem ber 1 97 6)
detailed design (start January 1978)
supervision o f construction (start July 7 8 ; end Septem ­
ber 7 9 ).
(C ontinued ...)
ca
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
C EN TR A L W ORK A R EA
page 2
Special technical features
:
autom atic weighing system
As the site fin ally
study
has
been
chosen was
necessary
in
p artly upon
order to
marshland, a detailed geological
preclude unacceptable settlem ents fo r
the incom ing wagons.
The w o rkyard has to be operational 24 hours a day. A special lighting system
has to be conceived.
As the w o rkyard is near a densely populated area, special features have to be
provided to decrease noise and dust.
Miscellaneous remarks
World Bank Sym bols
:
:
T he study was carried o ut by H A E C O N - Zeebrugge
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 1 0 , K 5 1 1
Types o f services : 1b, 1c, 1e, 1g, 3 k , 4a, 4b , 4g, 5b
Level o f e ffo rt : class 3 (between 1 0 0 and 2 0 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
Fig. 26 View from the wheelhouse o f the manoeuvring simulator.
Fig. 25 Sectional perspective drawing o f the manoeuvring simulator.
E
M
H O T I
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
N A U T IC A L S T U D IE S
Location
:
Zeebrugge (Belgium )
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand
S tart o f the study
:
1 97 6
End o f the study
:
1981
B rief description o f the project
:
In the design o f the po rt o f Zeebrugge, special atten tio n was paid to nautical aspects.
The manoeuvring o f the ships into the p o rt and their m ooring had to be considered
w ith great care.
T o this end, experim ents on models were effected. T w o types o f models were used:
1. a physical model fo r free sailing ships, by which the purely physical aspects of
navigation were exam ined ;
2. a manoeuvring sim ulator w hich should show how the p ilo t interprets the physi­
cal configurations, which allows an op tim u m choice to be made.
The sim ulator was first o f all perfected and tested. A sim ulation was then effected
fo r d iffe re n t cases ;
-
a sensitivity study fo r three possible extension lengths o f the o u te r harbour.
-
a detailed analysis of the final entrance to the po rt, resulting from the model fo r
free - sailing ships.
-
a com plem entary study o f the little-kn o w n phenomena in some very particular
cases (gate force winds, emergency m anoeuvring and special coercions) in the in te r­
m ediate situations when the breakwaters are still under construction.
In-situ measurements o f ship manoeuvres in Zeebrugge gave additional data.
Miscellaneous remarks
:
-
T h e data used fo r these models resulted fro m hydraulic tests in the laboratory.
-
This studies were carried o ut by Haecon-Zeebrugge.
World Bank Sym bols
:
Field o f specialization : T R -K 1 0 1 a K 1 0 1 d ,K 5 0 7 ,K 5 1 1 ,K 5 1 5 ,K 5 1 6 ,K 6 0 2 ,K 6 0 4
Types o f services : 3g# 5e
Level o f e ffo rt : class 2 (between 2 0 and 100 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
H
W f iD O N
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
L .N .G . D O C K
Location
:
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging
Start o f the study
:
1 97 6
End o f the study
:
1981
B rief description o f the project
Zeebouw -Zeezand
:
In M ay 197 6 the Belgian G overnm ent appointed Zeebrugge as the Belgian im p o rt
harbour fo r the L N G -con tract concluded between Sonatrach
(Algeria) and Distri-
gas (Belgium ).
In Septem ber 197 6 H A E C O N -Z E E B R U G G E was entrusted w ith the study o f im ­
plantation and general lay-out o f the term in al.
Services
During the years 1 9 7 6 - 1 9 7 8 several alternatives were conceived taking in to consi­
deration, execution tim e , simultaneous construction o f both harbour and term in al,
safety requirem ents, navigational demands and the influence o f the term inal on port
activities.
A detailed soil investigation program m e, hydraulic and wave d iffra c tio n tests, tw o - and
three dimensional wave tan k tests, m athem atical calculations and a sim ulation prog­
ramme o f the LNG-vessel manoeuvres, were p art o f this study.
As a result o f a new decision on the internal LN G -term in al concept (a con ven tio ­
nal land-based term inal instead o f a sem i-prefabricated system ), the lay-o u t study
was adjusted and com pleted w ith vessel m ovem ent calculations, long wave resonance
tests.
World Bank Sym bols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 1 1 .K 5 1 3
Types o f services : 1], 3g, 3 i, 4a, 4c, 4g, 5e, 7a
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 2 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
M
o
lT T l t a
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
D R E D G IN G W O R K S
Location
:
Zeebrugge (Belgium )
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand
S tart o f the study
:
197 6
End o f the study
:
1981
B rief description o f the project :
The works fo r the extension o f the outer harbour o f Zeebrugge w ill require, among
other operations, the dredging o f 1 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 m 3 , in order to ensure access to the
po rt fo r ships o f 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 tdw .
Services
:
In order to make an optim um choice concerning the access channel linking the p o rt of
Zeebrugge to the main shipping-lanes in the N o rth Sea, an inventory o f the various
possible access routes was established. A fte r an initial rough grading, three channels
were chosen and were studied in detail.
T he op tim u m choice results fro m the analysis o f the follo w in g elements :
dredging works fo r the realization o f the channel
dredging works fo r the m aintenance o f the channel
the qualities and inconveniences o f the three routes from a nautical p o in t o f view
the num ber o f wrecks to bring up
the nature o f the m aterial to be dredged
the possibility o f reusing the dredged m aterial fo r the beach nourishm ent w o rk on
the east coast.
A provisional cross-section was then established, responding to the fo llo w in g requi­
rements :
tra ffic in both directions must be possible in the channel
the channel must be accessible to the design ships
the norms and safety margins must be respected
Using all these elements as a basis, a com parative study o f costsdeterm ines the op­
tim u m choice o f the route and allows the calculation o f the cubic volum e and the costs
o f the dredging.
Miscellaneous remarks
World Bank Symbols
:
:
The study was carried o u t by H A E C O N -Z E E B R U G G E
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 0 6
Types o f services : 1d, 1e, 4a
Level o f e ffo rt : class 2 (between 2 0 and 100 man m onths)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
Ol
B e to n p e n e tra tie
u itv u lla a g
D i e n s t w e g in b eto n
B e to n b lo kk e n
d ik te
0.50 m 3/ m 2
0 .50m
3.00 x 2 . 5 0 x 2.00
B e to n b lo k k e n
3.0 0 x 2.50 x 2.00
»13.00
♦1000
♦
8.00
OWS. = 2 * 6.00
♦5.50
W erkfront
'.'■‘•'.'Ir
Q.00=Z
G L W S .= Z *0 .3 2
- 3 .5 0
T V ( 2 - 300 kg ) of 1 - 3 t o n
°
jt
4.50
.........
•7.00
Z in k s tu k
ontw. b r e e d t e
30.00 ♦ 30.00
TV
Z in k s tu k
ontw. b r e e d t e
W
IO
T
...
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
B R E A K W A T E R D E S IG N : S T A B IL IT Y A N A L Y S IS
Location
:
ZEEBRUGGE
C lient
;
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand
S tart o f the study
:
1 97 6
End o f the study
:
1981
B rief description o f the project
(Belgium )
:
T o ensure access to the new sea-lock in Zeebrugge, 1 1,5 km o f breakw ater have to
be constructed in the N o rth Sea.
W ithin the general fram ew o rk o f the studies carried out by H A E C O N -Z E E B R U G G E
the breakw ater design occupies a central position o f im portance. In this design several
stages have to be passed through. The overall stab ility analysis is one o f the most
im p o rtan t stages in the design developm ent.
Services
:
T o begin this stab ility analysis the m aterial characteristics should be determ ined.
There is a difference between the rubble-m ound layers and the soil layers. The cha­
racteristics o f the soil layers are determ ined according to test procedures, generally
accepted in soil mechanics. The determ ination o f the characteristics o f the rubblem ound layers is based on literature and experience.
Several situations have to be regarded :
norm al conditions
. overall-stability LLW S
. stab ility analysis during construction phase
exceptional conditions
. exceptional LW w ith o u t wave action
. stab ility analysis under wave-attack
. earthquake
For each situation the required safety coefficien t is determ ined in accordance w ith
the principal, The M inistry o f Public Works
The stab ility analysis under wave-attack demands the determ ination o f the design
wave and the knowledge o f the pore pressure during wave attack ;
in the rubble-m ound layers,
in the soil layers.
(C o n tin u ed ...)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
HAB30N ...
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
B R E A K W A T E R D E S IG N : S T A B IL IT Y A N A L Y S IS
page 2
Special technical problems :
A special aspect of the stab ility analysis was the study o f the liquefaction problem .
The average density o f natural sand and the dum ped sand o f the soil replacem ent have
to be specified. The density o f these layers should be greater than the control density
in order to avoid liquefaction.
As the harbour o f Zeebrugge is constructed in a zone w ith strong tidal currents, erosion
o f the soil layers along the breakwaters is expected. Special precautions have to be
taken to avoid erosion influencing the overall-stability.
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization :T R -K 5 1 0 , K 5 1 1
Types o f services : 4a, 4b , 4c, 4d , 4g, 5b , 5e
Level o f e ffo rt : class 4 (over 2 0 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
W ÊÊÊL
K C 5; u
ca
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
B R E A K W A T E R D E S IG N O F T H E P R IM A R Y A R M O U R
Location
:
Zeebrugge
(Belgium)
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand
S tart o f the study
:
1976
End o f the study
:
1981
B rief description o f the project :
Breakwaters are necessary to divert current and wave action so th a t the access to the
new 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 tdw . sea lock is ensured and loading and unloading vessels is possible in
the outer harbour. Breakwaters are thus an essential part o f the extension works, and
the nautical standards influence th e ir shape and location.
F urtherm ore, the works should respond to stability requirem ents, both during the
construction and final stages - requirements determ ined by the local wave clim ate, the
tides and the currents. F in ally, one must look fo r a structure w hich is as economical as
possible,
and
execution
techniques
and
material
characteristics
have
to be considered.
Services
:
T w o type o f breakwaters were studied and com pared on the basis o f costs, construc­
tion modes, risks and delays. One was a wedge- shaped typ e, the o th e r was a vertical
wall type. These studies proved th a t the wedge shaped type is preferable to the vertical
wall type.
T o set up the prim ary arm our o f the breakw ater, cubic concrete blocks were used.
The u nit w eight o f these blocks, the height o f the crest, the w eight o f the rock core
core com ponent , as well as the height o f the access road are determ ined by means o f
the follo w in g criteria :
-
the breakw ater must be conceived in such a w ay th a t it supports w ith o u t damages
the centennial wave He - 6 .5 0 m
under these same conditions the breakw ater may be overtopped, provided no
damage is caused to the construction.
it has to be possible to use the feeder road fo r 8 0 % o f the tim e.
The theoretical cross-section responding to these criteria has been studied in detail
in the Central H ydraulic Laboratory in France at M aisons-A lfort, where it has been
tested in tw o-dim ensional and three-dim ensional scale models.
Miscellaneous remarks : This study was carried by Haecon-Zeebrugge.
World Bank Symbols
;
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 1 0 , K 5 1 1,
Types o f services : 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1j, 3 k , 4a, 4 b , 4c, 4 d , 4g,
Level o f e ffo rt : class 4 (over 2 0 0 man-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
M
o
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
B E A C H P R O T E C T IO N
Location
:
Belgian coast between Zeebrugge and the Dutch fro n tie r
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand
Start o f the study
:
1976
End o f the study
:
1981
B rief description o f the project :
For over half a century the east coast o f Belgium has been threatened w ith erosion.
In 1976 certain areas o f the beach were no more than 2 5 m w ide at low tid e, w hile
at high tide the waves were eroding the base o f the coastal d yke. Restoration and
protection o f this section o f the coast was indispensable.
T he follo w in g execution program me in 3 phases was carried o ut :
1. In a first stage the beaches o f the east coast were restored w ith a supply o f about
8 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 m3 o f sand (one o f the largest beach restorations ever realised) which
increased the average w id th from 100 m to 2 5 0 m at low tide. The m ost suitable
sand was found 2 0 km o ff the shore o f Zeebrugge and was brought by dredger in
to the po rt from where the pum ping equipm ent and pipelines assured the d istri­
bution o f the sand (production o f about 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 m 3 /w e e k ). The sand supplying
plan was determ ined w ith in the total fram ew o rk o f the p o rt extension.
2. On a parallel w ith the execution o f these works, studies are in progress w ith a
view to determ ining the long-term methods of protection by trying to dim inish
the
lateral currents.
Am ong other things, the influence o f several types and of
several im plantations of breakwaters along the coast were analyzed w ith the help
o f a m athem atical
model which
allows the calculation o f the evolution o f the
coast under the influence o f waves and currents (erosion, sand- fillin g , sedimen­
ta tio n , transport). On the other hand, a total refilling o f the A ppelzak was also
studied,
which
w ould
require about 7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
m 3 , a q u a n tity
made available
by the enorm ous dredging carried o ut fo r the new p o rt and its access channels.
3. In 1 97 6, since the beginning o f the studies, a program me fo r the observation of
the coast was put into operation. Numerous site measurements fo llo w the evo­
lution o f the beaches over the years and w ill make it possible to indicate when
intervention is necessary.
(C o n tin u ed ...)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
B E A C H P R O T E C T IO N
Page 2
Services
:
- collecting and in terp retatio n basic data
- d efin itio n and fo llo w -u p o f laboratory tests
- d efin itio n and fo llo w -u p in situ tests
- design o f the beach restoration, supervision o f the w o rk
Special technical features :
In order to determ ine the developm ent o f currents, the transport flo w , the capacities
o f transport and the dynam ic evolution o f the coast, the most m odern techniques
were put into operation : radioactive and fluorescent tracers, sim ulation o f sedim ent
transport
by
m athem atical
m odel, refraction
calculations by com pu ter, hydraulic
sim ulation on physical models w ith fixed b o tto m com bined w ith comprehensive mea­
surements on site.
Miscellaneous remarks :
The restoration o f the beaches must be studied w ith in the general c o n tex t o f the po rt
extension at
Zeebrugge. The fu tu re p o rt is going to decrease the increasing tidal cur­
rents in the A ppelzak fro m 10 to 2 0 %, w hile those o f the ebb tide w ill hardly be influen
ced .
World Bank Symbols
:
Field o f specialization : K 5 1 7
Types o f services : 1a, 1d, 1e, 1g, 3 k , 4a, 4 c , 4g, 5b,
Level o f e ffo rt : class 2 (fro m 2 0 to 10 0 m an-months)
W
E
M
H a rb o u r and E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
YACHT HARBOURS
Locations
Belgian coast between Z E E B R U G G E and the D U T C H
F R O N T IE R .
C lient
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand
Start o f the study
1978
End o f the study
197 8
B rief description o f the project :
As the existing yacht harbour w ith in the Zeebrugge p o rt boundaries w ill be incom pa­
tible w ith a large p o rt trading dangerous goods, the transfer o f the yacht harbour to
a new site outside the p o rt premises is envisaged.
Services
:
Pre-projects fo r a yacht-harbour on three sites between Zee­
brugge and K nokke
Estim ation o f building and maintenance costs.
Evaluation o f th e ir siting w ith respect to the regional deve­
lo p m ent plan.
Miscellaneous remarks
-
:
T he location adjacent to the enlarged harbour o f Zeebrugge was preferred by the
M inistry
oin
view o f its sheltered
location, reduced costs, inland connections,
and expected revitalization o f the im m ediate area.
-
This study was carried o u t by Haecon-Zeebrugge.
World Bank Sym bols
:
Field o f specialization : T R -K 5 1 8 ,
Types o f services : 2c, 3b, 4a,
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 2 0 m an-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
HABOON ..
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
S E D IM E N T T R A N S P O R T S T U D IE S BY M E A N S O F
R A D IO A C T IV E T R A C E R S
Location
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand.
Start o f the study
1977
End o f the study
1979
B rief description o f the project:
In
197 9 the M in istry o f Public Works commissioned H A E C O N -Z E E B R U G G E w ith
the design o f a new outer harbour in Zeebrugge. The studies on sedim ent transport
described on this page form part o f those design studies.
To
study and
perform a q uantitative m easurement o f the sedim ent transport rate
in situ, artificial radio-active tracers are used. A fte r injection in the natural system,
they
are detected w ith
highly sensitive scintillation-counters, w hich
also give the
a m ount o f radioactivity.
These techniques are used both on the sea-bottom (b o ttom -tran sp o rt o f sand m ixed
or n o t m ixed w ith m ud) and the dispersion in the seawater (suspension tracer)
These experim ents are o f application in dredging works, po llu tio n problems o f d u m ­
ping dredged spoil, evaluation o f production o f w inning pits fo r sand and global
sediment m igration both qu an titatively and qualitatively.
Services
-
:
survey : detection in the sea o f the tracers
-
research : dispersion calculations
-
engineering : planning o f dreging works
-
regional developm ent : po llu tio n o f mudbanks
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 0 5 , K 5 0 6 ,
Types o f services : 1b, 1i,
Level o f e ffo rt : class 3 ( from 100 to 2 0 0 m an-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
HA
o
o.
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
S E D IM E N T T R A N S P O R T
S T U D IE S O F S U S P E N S IO N IN SE A
Location
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium)
C lient
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw - Zeezand
S tart o f the study
197 5
End o f the study
1981
B rief description o f the project
T o evaluate sedim ent transport in suspension by tidal currents and by waves, some
4 0 0 0 water-samples were taken at several stations and at d iffe re n t levels. S im u lta­
neous
current-intensity
measurements,
w ater-depth soundings, w in d -in ten sity and
wave-clim ate registrations are perform ed. All survey-operations cover the whole t i ­
dal cycle.
Calculations are perform ed on resulting water-discharge and sedim ent transport. Ero­
sion and sedim entation fluxes are com puted. The mean suspension concentration in
seawater is calculated fo r d iffe re n t wave-climates.
This allows calibration o f sedim ent transport form ulae, to determ ine the erosion or
sedim entation areas and to evaluate the erosion and sedim entation rates.
Services
:
survey
. water-sampling
. echo-sounding
. w ave/w ind registration
. w ater-velocity measurements
-
research
-
com pu ter assistance
:
Miscellaneous remarks
World Bank Symbols
suspension - samples - analysis
:
calculation o f discharges (liquid and solid)
This study was carried o ut by Haecon - Zeebrugge
Field o f Specialization : T R -K 5 0 5
Types o f services : 1i, 1j, 3 i, 8e
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 2 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
nkAB30N
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
IN -S IT U M E A S U R E M E N T O F T H E D E N S IT Y O F LO O SE M U D D E P O S IT S
Location
:
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand.
Start o f the study
:
1979
End o f the study
:
1981
Brief description o f the project :
The in situ measurements o f the density o f loose mud deposits form p art o f the de­
sign studies fo r the Zeebrugge harbour extension.
Backscatter radioactivity
gauges are used in the field to measure density profiles
in loose m ud deposits o f the approach-channel
and in the inner harbour. Knowledge
o f these density-profiles found secondary application in the dredging o p tim izatio n and
in the d eterm in atio n o f the exact nautical depth.
All these data are used to draw a three-dim ensional dredging and navigation chart.
Services
-
survey : hydrographic survey o f loose mud deposits in the field ;
-
regional developm ent planning ;
-
research ;
-
engineering : estim ation of production o f dredgers.
Special technical features
:
Assistance w ith the final developm ent o f the radioactive density gauge J T D 3 (O R IS Saclay).
Miscellaneous remarks
World Bank Symbols
:
:
These measurements were made by Haecon-Zeebrugge
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 0 5 , K 5 0 6 ,
Types o f services : 1b, 1 i, 3g, 4b,
Level o f e ffo rt : class 3 ( between 100 and 2 0 0 man-monthsi
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
P H Y S IC A L P R O P E R T IE S O F M U D
A N D S A N D S E D IM E N T S
Location
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium)
C lient
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand.
Start o f the study
1 97 9
End o f the study
may 1 9 7 9
B rief description o f the project : The physical properties o f m ud and sand sediments
are o f special interest fo r the stab ility studies, erosion and sedim entation research
which form part of the design studies fo r the Zeebrugge harbour extension.
M ost o f physical properties o f mud are analysed w ith interest fo r fail-velocity o f mud
particles, rigidity and viscosity, equilibrium slopes, and fin a lly fo r critical shear ve­
locities under wave and current action fo r erosion.
These parameters are also analysed fo r sandy sediments.
A ll experim ents are perform ed in the laboratory.
These parameters are o f special interest fo r stability studies, erosion and sedim enta­
tio n research.
Services
-
research
-
engineering
-
com puter assistance
rheological properties o f mud
flu m e experim ents
stability o f m ud slopes
consolidation phenomena
calculation o f erosion rates
Miscellaneous remarks : This study was made by Haecon - Zeebrugge.
World Bank Symbols
Field o f specialization : T R -K 5 0 5
Types o f services i i i , 1j, 4 b , 8b
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 {less than 2 0 man-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
M
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
L A Y -O U T O F T H E E A S T E R N O U T E R H A R B O U R
Location
:
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium)
C lient
:
T ijd e lijk e Vereniging Zeebouw -Zeezand.
S tart o f the study
:
1978
End o f the study
:
1978
V;
Brief description o f the project :
H A E C O N -Z E E B R U G G E , being in charge o f the conception and lay-out o f the new
outer harbour o f Zeebrugge, studied in detail the effects o f the im p lan tatio n o f a
dangerous goods term inal w ith in the existing po rt.
T o com pare its ideas w ith those o f an independent m arine safety exp ert, Lloyd's
Register of Shipping was asked in 1 9 7 8 to give its views on the arrangements incor­
porated in the design o f the harbour and the L N G -term in al.
Being an e xp ert on po rt and shipping safety m atters, Lloyd's Register reviewed H A E C ON's proposals in the light o f existing and foreseeable regulations and current safety
thinking.
H A E C O N 's lay-out was approved, provided a num ber o f operational measures are ta ­
ken when the operation o f the term inal w ill start.
Services
:
H A E C O N 'S involvem ent in this safety study may to sum marized as follow s :
-
form u latio n and discussion o f the terms o f reference ;
-
supervision o f the study, supply o f all relevant data ;
-
translation o f the conclusions in to the design o f the harbour extension.
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 1 0 1 , K 5 0 3 , K 5 0 7 , K 5 0 8 , K 5 0 9 , K 5 1 0 , K 5 1 1 ,
Types o f services : 3 k , 5e,
Level o f effo rt : class 1 (less than 2 0 man-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
2.
A dvisory services by H A E C O N fo r the construction o f the new
o u ter-harbour at Zeebrugge (1 9 8 1 -......)
\
J
L ii
V1 '— »X A X / U
VI
n.v.
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
IN T R O D U C T IO N
The extension o f the o uter harbour o f Zeebrugge is necessary to ensure access to the
new sea-lock which has been under construction since 1 97 1. In M ay 1 9 7 6 , the G overn­
m ent decided to install an L N G term inal w ith in this extension.
W ork began in January 197 7. Acceptance o f the w o rk is estim ated fo r the end of
1 98 5. Ships w ill be able to have access to the new lock fro m 1 98 3. T he to ta l construc­
tion cost estim ated is about 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 US $.
T he w o rk involves the construction o f dykes in the N orth Sea w ith a to ta l length o f
about 11.5 km. This will require 1 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 tons o f gravel, 1 1 ,7 8 0 ,0 0 0 tons o f stones
and 6 4 ,0 0 0 concrete blocks o f 2 5 tons. The project also requires dredging o f about
1 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 m 3 o f which 8 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 m 3 were used fo r restoration o f the beaches
on the Belgian east coast, which is one o f the biggest operations o f its kind in the
w orld.
Engineering design fo r this construction project was made by Haecon-Zeebrugge during
the years 1 9 7 6 -1 9 8 1 . In July 1981
Haecon was entrusted by the M in istry o f Public
Works w ith global supervision and the role o f technical adviser.
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
E ] HAEDON ...
"
^
T*
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
F O L L O W -U P : P H Y S IC A L A N D M A T H E M A T IC A L M O D E L S
Location
:
Zeebrugge (Belgium)
C lient
:
M inistry o f Public Works
Start o f the study
:
July 1981
End o f the study
:
Brief description o f the project :
The construction o f the new o u ter harbour in Zeebrugge is a 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
US$
project. It is evident th a t the design has been tested on m athem atical and physical
models and is still con tin u ally being tested and im proved. W ith in the general super­
vision tasks w ith which H A E C O N was entrusted in 1981 by the M in istry o f Public
Works, H A E C O N is p articularly in charge o f the follo w -up o f physical model tests
in the hydraulic laboratory o f Borgerhout (Belgium ) and Maison A lfo r t (France) and
o f the m athem atical model tests carried o ut by the University o f Liège (Belgium ).
HAECON
developed
also
m athem atical
models
of
hydraulic
and
sedimentolgical
phenom ena, such as d iffra c tio n , refraction, erosion due to tide and wave action,
e tc .....
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : K 5 0 0 ,K 5 0 4 ,K 5 1 0 ,K 5 1 1 ,K 5 1 2 ,K 5 1 3 ,K 5 1 6
Types o f services : 1d, 1j,3g,4a,5b ,5d ,5e,8b
Level o f e ffo rt '-class 3 (between 20 and 10 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
AB30N
r ¡ ~
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
F O L L O W -U P : B EA C H E V O L U T IO N
Location
:
BETW EEN
C lient
:
M in istry o f
Start o f the study
:
July 1981
End o f the study
:
Z E E B R U G G E A N D T H E D U T C H F R O N T IE R
Public Works
Brief description o f the project :
In the period 1 97 7 - 1 97 9 an im p o rtan t beach nourishm ent o f about 8 .5 m illio n m 3
o f sand was realized on the Belgian East Coast, between the harbour o f Zeebrugge and
the Belgian Dutch fro ntier.
W ithin the fram ew o rk o f the advisory tasks, w ith which H A E C O N was commissioned
a general beach observation program m e is executed.
Services
:
The programme includes aerial, hydrographic and topographic surveys. The data
are com pited by H A E C O N and stored in a com pu ter database. Through com pu ter pro­
cessing plans and cross-sections o f beach and foreshore are drawn auto m atically. The
variation o f d iffe re n t coastal parameters as a function o f tim e are calculated. These
calculations enable H A E C O N to evaluate the coastal state at d iffe re n t tim e-intervals.
O th er in-situ
measurements are carried o u t to study transport mechanisms under
d iffe re n t w eather conditions and to v erify eolean transport rates.
These measurements allo w H A E C O N to calibrate the m athem atical coastal models in
order to foresee adequate protectio n measures should beach evolution prove th a t new
protective options should be taken . T he studies are still in progress.
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : K 5 1 7
Types o f services : 1a,1d,1e,1g,3k,4a,4b,4g,5b ,8b
Level o f e ffo rt : class 2 (from 2 0 to 100 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
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H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
S U P E R V IS IO N : B R E A K W A T E R D E S IG N A N D C O N S T R U C T IO N
Location
:
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
:
M inistry o f Public Works
S tart o f the study
:
July 1981
End o f the study
:
Brief description o f the project :
Since 1 97 6 the new outer harbour o f Zeebrugge has been under
construction. This
includes the setting-out o f about 1 1 .5 km o f breakwaters in the N o rth Sea. In 1981 the
M inistry o f Public W orks commissioned H A E C O N w ith the task o f supervising the con­
struction works.
Services
:
The jo b does n o t m erely consist o f supervising the realization o f existing plans, b ut also
includes the revision o f these plans, the follo w -up o f laboratory tests, the im plem en­
tatio n o f special measures against sea-bed erosion, the optim alisation o f the breakw ater
cross-sections, and the study o f execution methods.
One of the most im p o rtan t items o f this supervision is the com parison o f the design
criteria w ith the evolution on the site w hilst the breakwaters are being constructed.
Miscellaneous remarks :
Some results o f H A E C O N 's advisory services can be p articularly m entioned :
a substantial reduction (up to «
10
% ) in construction costs on the breakw ater
could be obtained through revisions to the cross-section ;
the follo w -up o f the fou n d atio n works o f the breakw ater has p erm itted their
succesful realization ;
a substantial reduction in the volum e o f core protection
& filte r layers against
sea-bed erosion.
W orld Bank Sym bols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 1 0 .K 5 1 1 .K 5 1 6
Types o f services: 3g .3h ,4a,4 b ,4d ,4f,5b ,5e
Level o f efforts : class 4 (over 2 0 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
B U D O îl
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
O P T IM IZ A T IO N O F M A IN T E N A N C E D R E D G IN G
Location
:
ENTRANCE
CHANNELS AT ZEEBRUGGE
C lient
:
M inistry o f Public Works
S tart o f the study
:
July 1981
End o f the study
:
B rief description o f the project :
Once the most im p o rtan t po rt extension works have been com pleted, the approach
channels must be m aintained by systematic dredging works. M oreover Zeebrugge has
at the m om ent, one o f the highest sedim ent loadings in the w o rld , m ore than 6 0
m illion tons o f m u d /year.
During the follo w -up of the works, H A E C O N is investigating the feasibility o f upgra­
ding the dredging program me as a w hole. This study is, carried o u t in close associa­
tion w ith sedimentological studies which determ ine numerous criteria.
Services
:
»
elem entary survey o f mud parameters (rheology) ;
transport calculations, direction and q u an tity (transfer functions) o f the sedim entflu x ;
data-processing o f echo-soundings to track plots fo r m aintenance dredging,
forecasting sedimentological tendences fo r the coastal zone;
study o f the existing dredging methods and the feasibility o f upgrading the dred­
ging program me.
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 0 5 , K 5 0 6
Types o f sen/ices : 1b,1c,1d,1g,5e,7a,7b
Level o f e ffo rt ^class 2 (from 2 0 to 100 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
U
L lV
VJ
n.v.
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
B A S IC R H E O L O G IC A L R E S E A R C H O F M U D
S E D IM E N T S IN E S T U A R IA A N D SE A
Location
:
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
:
M inistry o f Public Works
S tart o f the study
:
July 1981
End o f the study
:
B rief description o f the project :
In 1981 the M in istry o f Public W orks commissioned H A E C O N w ith a general advisory
role fo r the new outer harbour under construction in Zeebrugge. The studies described
on this page form part o f those advisory services.
Bingham
plastic behaviour o f mud sediments is analysed and applied to erosion.
These properties are analysed in the laboratory and can be calculated fro m in situ
data on the com position and density o f the m ud.
The studies also investigate the dispersion o f dredged spoil dum ped at sea.
Services
:
research : laboratory study
engineering :
.
stability o f m ud bottom s
erosion o f mud bottom s
com puter support : interp retatio n o f analysis, results
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 5 0 6 , K 5 0 5
Types o f services : 1 b ,1 j,3 i,3 k ,4 b
Level o f e ffo rt : class 2 (fro m 2 0 to 10 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
I~ m ~1 [tM H D O íM
-.|J"
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
M A T H E M A T IC A L D E S C R IP T IO N A N D P R E D IC T IO N O F S E D IM E N T
T R A N S P O R T IN S U S P E N S IO N
Location
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
M in istry o f Public Works
Start o f the study
1981
End o f the study
198 2
Brief description o f the project :
In 1981 the M in istry o f Public W orks commissioned H A E C O N w ith a general advisory
role fo r the new outer harbour under construction at Zeebrugge. The studies on
sediment transport described on this page form part o f those services.
On the base o f data obtained fro m in situ measurements o f w ater v elo c ity, suspensionconcentration, w a te r depth, w ave-activity, etc., a model is set up fo r calibration and
prediction o f sedim ent-transport when one o f the influencing parameters is changed.
The model is based on the spectral analysis o f periodic signals, indicative o f m ost tid alphenomena .
The model is most useful when civil works tend to set up changes in the b o tto m m o r­
phology or the current pattern o f an area.
Services
:
com pu ter support
research
regional developm ent planning
World Bank Sym bols
:
Fields o f specialization : K 5 0 5
Types o f services : 1i,3i,8c
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 20 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
Mr.EiTVRRRT 09
22 APRIL. 1982
S . f l . WRTt:RBFRG
TRIO CONTA I NCR
UITVRRENG
SCHAAL.
;
i/20000
5CM = i KM
LI
\U
VI
n.v.
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
N A U T IC A L S T U D IE S
Location
:
Zeebrugge (Belgium)
C lient
:
M inistry o f Public W orks
Start o f the study
:
July 1981
End o f the study
:
B rief description o f the project :
In June 1 9 8 1 , the Coastal Service o f the Belgian M inistry o f Public W orks entrusted
H A E C O N w ith a global programme o f m arine observation and technical assistance
in and around the harbour at Zeebrugge. Am ongst these duties, H A E C O N had to
investigate, advise and guarantee the p o rt approaches fo r the existing and projected
shipping.
Services
1.
studies
:
carried-out by the Dutch m arine research service, M A R IN , at th e ir h y ­
draulic laboratory in Wageningen. A series o f trial runs on the ship sim ulator
analyzed the manoeuvres made by LNG-carriers, the V L C C 'S , and the trio -c o n ta i­
ner ships during the d iffe re n t stages o f enchroachm ent, as defined by the extension
o f the peripheral breakwaters seaward. H A E C O N supervised the trial specifica­
tions and analyzed the results. H A E C O N also investigated the existing tra ffic
pattern and incorporated this in to its reports.
2.
survey runs in-situ
recorded on-board in-and outgoing ships by the oceanogra­
phic survey office o f T V Z 2 on behalf o f the client. H A E C O N is responsible fo r
all data processing and technical interp retatio n o f these test-runs.
3.
navigational aids fo r the harbour :
repositioning a n d /o r renewal o f navigation buoys a n d /o r light beacons. H A E C O N
works here d irectly fo r the client, advising on particular topics, and studying
in-depth when requested.
World Bank Sym bols
:
Fields o f s p e c ia liz a tio n :T R -K 1 0 1 a ,K 1 0 1 d ,K 5 0 7 ,K 5 1 1 ,K 5 1 5 ,K 6 0 2 ,K 6 0 4
Types o f services : 3g, 5e, 8b
Level o f e ffo rt: class 2 (fro m 2 0 to 100 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
nk
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
E V A L U A T IO N B E A C H P R O T E C T IO N P L A N
Location
:
OOSTENDE
C lient
:
M in istry o f Public Works
Start o f the study
:
1 98 2
End o f the study
:
1 98 2
B rief description o f the project :
A t present, during storm conditions, waves freq u ently overtop the existing sea d yke
in Ostend.
Haecon was asked to evaluate a coastal defence plan, proposed by the Belgian M inistry
o f Public Works.
Services
First o f all Haecon exam ined if present wave-overtopping o f the seadike can be effec­
tively prevented.
t
Secondly, H A E C O N is investigating if such coastal defence works m ight cause addi­
tional maintenance dredging o f the harbour entrance ; alternative solutions, reducing
littoral transport towards the harbour, are being com pared.
World Bank Sym bols
:
Fields o f specialization: K 517
Types o f services: 3g,3k,4a,5c
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 2 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
CD IHUDM
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
C O M P U T E R ,P R O C E S S IN G P H Y S IC A L D A T A
Location
:
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
C lient
:
M inistry o f Public Works
S tart o f the study
:
July 1981
End o f the study
B rief description o f the project :
The collection and storage, processing and interp retatio n o f physical data fo r the con­
struction works o f the new outer harbour in Zeebrugge form p art o f the global su­
pervision task w ith which H A E C O N has been entrusted.
Services
:
H A E C O N writes specifications o f the survey methods, processes the recorded data
w ith its specially-developed softw are, perform s the statistical analysis and synthesis
o f the results, draws com parative plans and diagrams and writes reports, discussing
these results w ith those o f the physical data.
Follow ing aspects are treated :
currents,
tidal levels,
waves,
m eteorological data,
seiches,
bathym etric data,
sedim ent transport,
sea bed parameters,
topographic and hydrographic data o f the beaches near Zeebrugge,
pore w ater pressure measurements in foundation soils.
The concentrated data is fu rth e r used in nautical, hydraulic, sedimentological and
geotechnical analysis. The design parameters are perm anently checked and o p tim ized .
H A E C O N does the same collecting, processing and interp retatio n jo b fo r data about
the construction itself (quantities o f used materials, .... ).
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization :K 5 0 0 , K 5 0 4 , K 5 1 0 , K 5 1 1 , K 5 1 2 , K 5 1 3 , K 5 1 6
Types o f sen/ices : 1a, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 3g, 4a, 4b , 4c, 4 d , 4e, 4 f , 4g, 5b, 5c, 5d,
5e, 8b
Level o f e ffo rt : class 4 (over 2 0 0 man months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
Miscellaneous projects in the p o rt o f Zeebrugge
( 1 9 6 8 - ......)
o
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
IN T R O D U C T IO N
A p a rt fro m the design o f the outer harbour - made by Haecon-Zeebrugge in the years
1 97 6 - 1981 - and the advisory services fo r the outer harbour construction - w ith which
Haecon was entrusted fro m July 1981 onwards - Haecon was also in charge o f se­
veral other projects in Zeebrugge.
We m ention here, in particular, three regional planning studies :
project Zeestad, requested by the Zeestad-prom otors in '6 8 -'6 9 ,
S ym arinfra, study requested by the M in istry o f Regional Developm ent
L ay-out Zeebrugge western outer harbour, master plan fo r the Bruges H arbour
A u th o rity (M B Z )
Haecon was also responsible fo r the pre-design o f a new b u lk cargo-handling fa c ility
(1 9 8 1 ), fo r the design (1 9 8 0 ) and installation (1 9 8 3 ) o f a new harbour approachaid.
Fu rth er details are given o f these miscellaneous studies on the fo llo w in g pages.
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
PROJECT " Z E E S T A D " 1968-1969
225.000
after 4 years
I a fter 8 years
125.000 t
BRUGGE
ANTWERPEN
ÜBS charmai
10
15
■ I harbour areas
b illi fu tu r areas
□
urban areas
20km
G ENT
•
•
ca
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
ZEESTAD
(S tud y fo r a p o rt in deep water)
Location
:
Zeebrugge (Belgium )
C lien t
:
Zeestad consortium , G hent (Belgium)
Start o f the study
:
196 8
End o f th e study
:
196 9
B rief description o f the project :
The idea "Z eestad " originated from a study on the accessibility o f the Westerschelde
estuary to 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 td w ships. T o provide this access enorm ous quantities would
have to be dredged.
Dredging operations are located in three areas :
a. across the "Vlaam se B anken" towards the deep waters o f the N o rth Sea ;
b. in the estuary;
c. on the sand bars of the Westerschelde.
Most o f the dredging is located in the Westerschelde estuary.
The econom ic solution o f such w o rk depends on the p ro x im ity o f dum ping areas
fo r the dredged sediments. T he idea o f using dredging fo r expanding the p o rt of
Zeebrugge originated fo r this reason.
F u rtherm ore, it appeared beneficial to align the dykes so as to safeguard the growth
o f Zeebrugge, hence directing natural currents to con trib u te to the maintenance o f
the dredged channel in the estuary. The backfilling o f dredged sand behind the dykes
will allo w reclam ation o f large areas fro m the sea.
Part o f the reclaimed te rrito ry must be reserved fo r the p ort. T h e rest becomes avai­
lable fo r the creation o f a residential and recreation area, the location o f which should
be such th a t the touristic value o f the existing seaside resorts is integrally preserved. T o
fu lfil this requirem ent the creation o f a lagoon between the actual coast and the land
reclaimed from the sea is being considered.
However, once it is decided to realize such a costly project, it is w o rth studying if
it is not possible to make the p o rt accessible to ships of 2 2 5 ,0 0 0 td w . Analysis proved
such w ould require only a lim ited additional cost ( fo r a dredging supplem ent relatively
reduced across the "Vlaam se B anken" ) and w ould give considerable benefit.
Thus the "Zeestad" project was progressively evolved, as shown on the follo w in g pages.
Services-
:
Feasibility study carried out by a m ulti-disciplinary team w ith the collaboration of
engineers, jurists, economists and specialists in matters o f tow n planning and ecology.
(C o n tin u ed
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
)
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
PROJECT " Z E E S T A D '
1968 - 1969
HT'JTITTTrr
- T l ' P i " ' ) ' r T r i v Ç j i T r r n ,r ' r n ,r : , ! V •
LuLuIij Umil
rawmrroiTmTim- —
iT n T iT iT iT n ’ï'p m ’n T ; / . ;
—
-rm -r-rrm . -
H arbour area
Residential and touristic area
4
5 km ’
V A R IA N T
[■ G IHfêHXU ...
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
ZEESTAD
page 2
Special technical features :
T he prime advantage o f the "Zeestad ''p ro ject w ould have been to ensure, in the
im m ediate futu re as well as in the long term , the expansion o f all the Belgian m ari­
tim e ports.
In fact :
-
the accessibility of the A n tw e rp com plex (Baalhoek) w ould have increased, and
during the second five-year period o f the operations, it w ould extend to 1 2 5 ,0 0 0
td w . ships ;
- at the same tim e G h ent w ould have been accessible fo r 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 td w . ships ;
- "Zeestad ” w ould have been able to accept ships up to 2 2 5 ,0 0 0 tdw . - this being
towards the end o f the first five-year stage o f the operations.
Thanks to "Zeestad ", Belgium w ould have had at its disposal a p o rt in the open sea
w ith easy access, which w ould have allowed container ships and bulk carriers to be
loaded and unloaded extrem ely quickly (independent o f the rise o f the rivers and the
locks). Zeestad w ould have made Belgium d irectly accessible to m am m o th tankers.
Miscellaneous remarks :
T he " Zeestad " project was n o t realized in the form presented in the years 1 9 6 8 -1 9 6 9
but it was at the basis o f all discussions, studies and extension plans elaborated since
then fo r the m aritim e developm ent o f the Belgian coast.
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : K 5 0 4 , K 5 0 6 , K 5 1 1 ,
Types o f services : 3b, 3d , 3g, 3 i,
Level o f e ffo rt : class 2 (fro m 2 0 to 100 m an-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
B E L G IU M
OFFSHORE
S Y M A R IN F R A
1 9 7 3 -1 9 7 5
W ALCHER
V
/ it
£
'/ / /
'dr o o g te v a n
«CHOONEVE1XL
V .-.J
.5-1,
Zeebrugge
/•
NETHERLANDj
Blankenberge
&>'
0
C /'S ¿ 's '7'J ,
/ '¿ ( V
../ tj'£&t’*>
/t '
/ ' L -' .1
/ a*
Oostende
/A
B E L G IU M
Nieuw poort
Koksijde
De Panne
Legend
6,0 0 m
10 .00 m
17,50 m
2 5 .0 0 m
Dunkerque
FRANCE
EN
Border beigian continental shelf
Locations for power plant islands
Areas for deepwater harbour islands
. R eference
B A S IC C H A R T
F LE M IS H B A N K S
ca
s.
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
S Y M A R IN F R A
Possible infrastructures in the Belgian m aritim e regions
Location
:
B E L G IA N C O A S T
C lient
:
Sym arinfra / L .L . & N. De M eyer
S tart o f the study
:
1973
End o f the study
:
1 97 5
Brief description o f the project :
Towards the end o f 1 97 3 a study syndicate was form ed by the D ep artm en t fo r indu­
strial p ro m o tio n (fviinistry o f Econom ic A ffa irs), the N ational Investm ent C om pany
(a state holding of the M inistry o f Finance) and the com pany L .L . & N. De M eyer N .V .
The object was to study the possible infrastructures in the Belgian m aritim e regions,
from which originated the name o f the syndicate: Sym arinfra.
Haecon collaborated in this study as technical advisor fo r L .L . & N. De M eyer N .V .
The study was requested by the Secretary o f State fo r Flemish Regional Econom y.
As much as fo r industrialization as fo r energy supply, m aritim e regions can play an
im p o rtan t role in the national econom y. In particular, S ym arinfra studied the possi­
bilities o f im planting electric power stations (the sea furnishing the necessary cooling
water) and a L N G term inal (to receive the liquified natural gas th a t Belgium intends to
im p o rt fro m Algeria, follo w in g contracts concluded between the respective govern­
ments).
These areas o f im p o rt and energy production can serve as attractio n poles fo r other
industries, no tably when using the heat lost through electricity pro d u ctio n , and when
using the cold o f the im ported liquid L N G at minus 165° C. On the o th e r hand, the
m aritim e regions are of national im portance fro m a touristic and agronom ic p o in t of
view. As a result, the ecological im pact cannot be neglected when selecting solutions.
H A E C O N concentrated on the possibilities o f p o rt extension at Zeebrugge and the
technical feasibility of an island o ff the coast, serving as a basis fo r an electric powerstation ,or fo r a m ethane gas term in al.
The technical aspects fo r the construction o f an artificial island were studied. The
analysis revealed 4 preferred zones (fro m a technical p o in t o f view ) fo r the location o f
an island serving as a basis fo r electric power-stations, and tw o preferred areas fo r
islands designed fo r receiving ships w ith a 3 0 m . draught. The influence o f the island
on the currents, on the beaches and on the navigable channels was analyzed. The cost
and the tim e required fo r construction o f the island were studied.
For seven sites selected as possible locations fo r a nuclear pow er-station, the legal and
ecological aspects were studied. A com parative evaluation was established.
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
S Y M A R IN F R A
Page 2
W ith regard to the po rt o f Zeebrugge, the study showed th a t an extension o f the
outer harbour was necessary in order to ensure access to the new lock under construc­
tion since 1 97 1. A series o f prelim in ary plans were made and tested in the hydraulic
laboratory. The tests made it possible to conclude th a t an extension o f the p o rt was
technically feasible. T he possible activities involved in this extension were studied.
The cost o f the operation was estim ated.
Miscellaneous remarks
:
These studies have been achieved w ith in the estim ated duration and served as a basis
in establishing the governmental policy in relation to the p o rt o f Zeebrugge.;
W orld Bank Symbols
:
Field o f specialization : T R -K 5 1 0 , K 5 1 1 ,
Types o f services : 3 b , 3g, 3i
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 2 0 aian-m onths)
s
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
T E C H N IC A L A S S IS T A N C E : P O R T O P E R A T IO N S
Locations
:
C lient
•
Port o f Zeebrugge
Maatschappij der BrugseZeevaartinrichtingen,
Brugge/Bel­
gium.
Start o f the study
:
End o f the study
:
1981
Brief description o f the project :
Technical assistance fo r the harbour a u th o rity. The specific problems to be studied
are drawn-up m o n th ly meetings o f the harbour a u th o rity (M aatschappij der Brugse
Zeevaartinrichtingen) and the consultant (Haecon).
Services
-
In 1981
:
and 1 9 8 2
a tra ffic sim ulation o f the p o rt has been set up, in order to
gauge the influence o f certain safety measures
(fo r the L N G carriers) on the fre ­
quency o f berth occupation and possible queueing delays fo r other incom ing ships.
-
In 1 98 3 an analysis w ill be made o f all functions and duties o f the control office
fo r p o rt operations;
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 1 0 1 d , K 5 0 3 , K 5 0 7 , K 5 1 5 , K 5 1 6 b , K 6 0 2
Types o f services '• 3g, 5e
Level o f e ffo rt : class 1 (less than 2 0 man -months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
ca
o
n .
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
H A R B O U R A P P R O A C H A ID
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium)
Location
C lient
M inistry o f Public Works
Start o f the study
1979
End o f the study
198 3
Brief description o f the project :
Design and installation of a guiding system fo r large ships com ing in (or leaving)
Zeebrugge harbour.
The guiding-system comprises :
- 7 mobile stations which are placed by the p ilo t on-board ship w h ilst sailing in
or o ut of p o rt, w ith 2 mobiles in reserve
- 3 rem ote stations (Ranging Processors) im planted at 3 key coastal locations
- 1 control station th a t allows the position, speed, and the d rift off-course to be
measu red
- 1 reference station out at sea
The control station sets, via standard telephone lines, the call-code w ith the m obile
stations, to which the rem ote stations must also be tuned (Ranging Processors). The
la tte r measure the distance between the m obile stations and each o f the 3 rem ote
stations on-land.
These three distances are sent down the telephone line to the control station which
defines the position, speed, and the deviation o ff mid-course in the navigation channel,
and the actual course being sailed.
This data is sent to the 3 ranging-processors, which in turn pipe it through to the
m obile stations. The course can be then be tracked on the screen display o f a m o ­
bile station, in o th er words on-board the incom ing ship.
To tal value o f the works and studies is estimated at some 4 0 m illio n Belgian Francs.
Miscellaneous remarks
-
-
:
C lient is the contracting firm T V Z 2 , a consortium responsible fo r the harbour
extension at Zeebrugge. The ow ner is the M inistry o f Public W orks and the opera­
ting body w ill be the M inistry o f Transport.
H A E C O N assumed leadership and full design, follo w -up and supervision o f instal­
lation. M otorola SA o f France were subcontracted fo r delivery o f all electronic
equipm ent.
World Bank Symbols
:
Fields o f specialization : T R -K 1 0 1 b , K 503 , K 5 1 5 , K 5 1 6 b ,
Types o f services :'3 b , 3g, 5a, 5c, 5d, 8b,
Level o f e ffo rt ; class 3 (fro m 100 - 2 0 0 man-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
GD ÍHWBDQM ...
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts S E
AB U L K T E R M IN A L
Location
Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium)
C lient
N V Seabulk, Brugge (Belgium)
Start o f the study
February 1981
End o f the study
July 1981
Brief description o f the project :
Bulk cargo term inal in the inner harbour at Zeebrugge. The project foresees a yard
throu g h pu t o f 8 m illion tons/year after 5 years, made up o f steam coals, coking coal,
iron ore and phosphates, increasing to 16 m illion tons year a fte r 15 years. T o ta l in ­
vestment fo r the project is valued at around 3 .9 thousand m illio n Belgian francs
(1981 prices), to be realized in phases over several years.
Services
:
pre-study
Special technical features :
The stockpiling areas w ould be spread over some 3 2 2 .0 0 0 m 2 . T he ironore stockpiles,
14 to 16 m high, exercise a great load on the pavem ent structure and the subgrade.
Since the ground was characterized by a very variable and w eakly-layered structure,
this posed serious problem s. The detailed geotechnical study investigated various
solutions to guarantee the pavem ent structure. The environm ental study served as a
basis fo r an ecological appraisal o f possible hazards or hinderance to the local co m m u n ity.
A rolling stock survey was also made o f the ship pallets and railw ay wagons curren tly
used fo r bulk cargo tra ffic to and from the p o rt. The fu tu re trends in wagon types,
and the distributio n o f arrival and loading patterns/day were also exam ined.
The latter served to determ ine the requirem ents fo r the loading and off-loading equ ip ­
m ent, as well as fo r form ing a basis fo r a com puter sim ulation, th a t was used to optim ilize the num ber o f transit utilities and to set th e ir w o rkin g capacities.
The technical pre-study investigated several variants fo r the heavy-duty m achinery
(cranes, stacker-reclaimers, ...), defined possible autom izations, pre-weighing, and
representative sampling. T he power supply and distribution over the yard, civil works,
and maintenance o f all equ ip m en t were also foreseen.
Based on this study one could lastly carry-ou t an econom ic analysis to finalize the
staff quotas needed, the levels o f management, the phasing o f construction, as well
as the investm ent, start-up and com m ercialization o f the term inal.
Miscellaneous remarks :
The study was carried out by the jo in t venture H A E C O N -S E C A R .
World Bank Sym bols
:
Fields
of
specialization:
T R -K 1 0 1 a ,K 1 0 1 d ,K 1 0 1 e ,K 1 0 3 ,K 5 0 1 ,K 5 0 8 ,K 5 1 3 ,
K 516 b .
Types o f services - 3b ,3g ,3h ,3 i,4a ,4b ,4f.
Level o f effort: class 2 (between 2 0 and 100 m an-months)
HAECON N.V.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
H a rb o u r a n d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N S E C TO R
S T U D IE S M A D E B Y H A E C O N IN Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium)
Regional planning studies
1 9 6 8 -1 9 6 9
:
Zeestad
1 9 7 3 -1 9 7 5
:
Sym arinfra
Studies made by H A E C O N -Z E E B R U G G E (1 9 7 6 - 1981)
Design studies fo r the extension o f the outer- harbour at Zeebrugge.
HAECON N.V.
1976
Preproject harbour extension
1 9 7 6 - 1981
Geotechnical surveys
1 9 7 6 - 1981
Survey o f sea-bottom lithology
1 9 7 6 - 1981
Sedim ent transport - studies o f suspension in sea
1 9 7 6 - 1981
Master plan harbour extension
1 9 7 6 -1 9 7 7
Central w o rk area
1 9 7 6 -1 9 7 7
W ork harbour lay-out.
1 9 7 6 -1 9 7 7
Sandasphalt - breakwaters.
1 9 7 6 - 1981
Nautical studies
1976 - 1981
LN G -dock
1 9 7 6 - 1981
Dredging works
1 9 7 6 -1 9 8 1
Breakwater design : stab ility analysis
1976 - 1981
B reakw ater : design o f the prim ary arm our
1 97 6 - 1981
Beach protection
1 9 7 6 -1 9 8 1
Y a c h t harbours
1977 - 1 9 7 9
Sedim ent transport studies by means o f radio-active tracers
1 9 7 9 -1 9 8 1
In situ measurement o f the density o f loose m ud deposits
1979
Physical properties o f m ud and sand sediments
1979
Lay-out eastern outer harbour
1981
Western w o rk area..
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N S E C T O R
S T U D IE S M A D E B Y H A E C O N IN Z E E B R U G G E (Belgium )
A dvisory services by
H A E C O N fo r the construction o f the new o u ter-harbour at
Zeebrugge ( 1 9 8 1 - . . . . )
1 9 8 1 -....
:
C o m p uter processing : physical data
1 9 8 1 -....
:
Follow -up : physical and m athem atical models
1 9 8 1 -....
:
F o llo w -u p :
beach evolution
1 9 8 1 -....
:
Supervision : breakw ater design and construction
1 9 8 1 -....
:
O p tim iza tio n o f m aintenance dredging
1981 - . . . .
:
Basic rheological research o f m ud sediments in estuaria
and sea
1 9 8 1 -....
:
Nautical studies
1981 - 1 9 8 2
:
M athem atical
1982
:
Ostend - evaluation beach protection plan
1 9 8 2 -....
:
Dock fo r dangerous goods.
description and prediction o f sedim ent transport
in suspension
s
H a rb o u r an d E n g in e e rin g C o n s u lta n ts
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N S E C TO R
S T U D IE S M A D E B Y H A E C O N IN Z E E B R U G G E (B E L G IU M )
Miscellaneous projects :
HAECON N.V.
1 9 7 9 -1 9 8 3
:
H arbour approach aid
1981
:
SeabuIk term inal
1981
:
Technical assistance : p o rt operations
1982 - . . .
:
Lay-out Zeebrugge western o u ter harbour.
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
9810 GENT (Belgium) TEL. : (091 ) 26 50 94
TELEX 12586 HAECON B
W O R L D
B A N K
S Y M B O L S
W O R L D BAN K SYM B OLS
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N SECTOR
Fields of specialization
T R -K 1 0 0
General
T R -K 1 0 1
N ational/regional m u ltim o d al transportation planning
T R -K 1 0 1 a
T ra ffic /O rig in - destination surveys
T R -K 1 0 1 b
In fo rm atio n systems
T R -K 1 0 1 d
T ransportation models
T R -K 1 0 1 e
Policies and investm ent programs
T R -K 1 0 2
Interm odal transportation technology
T R -K 1 0 3
Interm odal freigh t term inals
T R -K 2 0 0
Road transportation facilities
T R -K 2 0 3
: N ew structures, reconstruction
T R -K 2 0 3 a
: Bridges
T R -K 2 0 3 b
: Tunnels
T R -K 2 0 3 c
: Interchanges
T R -K 2 0 3 d
: Ferry structures
T R -K 4 0 0
Rail transportation
T R -K 4 0 1
: Demand forecasting and investm ent planning
T R -K 4 0 7
: Structures
T R -K 4 0 7 b
: Tunnels
W O R L D BANK SYM BO LS
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N SECTOR
Fields of specialization
T R -K 5 0 0
:
T R -K 5 0 1
T R -K 5 0 2
T R -K 5 0 3
T R -K 5 0 4
T R -K 5 0 5
T R -K 5 0 6
T R -K 5 0 7
T R -K 5 0 8
T R -K 5 0 9
T R -K 5 1 0
T R -K 5 1 1
T R -K 5 1 2
T R -K 5 1 3
T R -K 5 1 4
T R -K 5 1 5
T R -K 5 1 6
T R -K 5 1 6 a
T R -K 5 1 6 b
T R -K 5 1 7
Seaports and river ports
Dem and forecasting and investm ent planning
Financial analysis, costing and tariffs
M anagem ent and organizational developm ent
Harbours, piers, wharves
Port m aintenance
Dredging and reclam ation
Port operations
Warehouses and storage
Bulk cargo handing facilities
O ffshore facilities
Deep sea ports
C ontainer ports
B ulk (w et and d ry ) ports
Cargo handling operations
Navigational aids
C o m p uter applications
In fo rm atio n systems
Port operations
Beach protection
T R -K 6 0 0
:
Shipping
T R -K 6 0 2
T R -K 6 0 4
T R -K 6 0 4 a
T R -K 6 0 4 b
T R -K 6 0 4 c
T R -K 6 0 4 d
T R -K 6 0 5
T R -K 6 0 5 a
T R -K 6 0 5 b
T R -K 6 0 5 c
T R -K 6 0 5 d
T R -K 6 0 5 e
T R -K 6 0 5 g
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Managem ent and operations
Vessels
Tankers, bulk/general cargo vessels, etc.
Coastal shipping vessels
Inland w aterw ay vessels
Ferries
Shipbuilding and repairing
Shipbuilding
Ship maintenance and repairing
Shipyards
D ry docks
Floating docks
M arine engineering
W O R L D BAN K SYM B OLS
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N SECTOR
T R -K 7 0 0
Inland waterw ays
T R -K 7 0 1
Dem and forecasting and investm ent planning
T R -K 7 0 2
M anagem ent and organizational developm ent
T R -K 7 0 3
River regulation and control
T R -K 7 0 4
Dredging and reclam ation
T R -K 7 0 5
Navigation locks and dams
T R -K 7 0 6
Canals
T R -K 7 0 7
Ports
T R -K 7 0 8
Jetties
T R -K 7 0 9
Maintenance
T R -K 7 1 0
Navigational aids
T R -K 7 1 1
Dockyards and vessel repair facilities
Level o f e ffo rt
Class 1
:
Fee less then US $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or 2 0 man months
Class 2
:
Fee fro m US $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 to US $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 or fro m 2 0 man m onths to
Class 3
:
Class 4
:
1 00 man months
Fee fro m US $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 to US 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r fro m 1 00 man m onths to
2 0 0 man months
Fee over US $ 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 or over 2 0 0 man months
W O R L D B A N K SYM B O LS
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N SECTOR
Types of services
1a
Aerial surveys, satellite imagery
1b
Geological surveys,
1c
Geophysical surveys,
1e
Hydrological surveys,
ig
1f
Topographic surveys,
1i
Oceonography
1j
2c
Laboratory tests,
3a
Planning studies,
Soil surveys,
Regional developm ent plans
3b
Feasibility studies,
3c
M ark et studies
3d
Econom ic studies,
3e
Financial studies.
T a r iff studies
3f
3g
3h
Technical studies,
3i
Environm ental studies
3j
3k
Sociological studies,
Research design/evaluation,
Operations studies.
4a
Design-architectural, engineering, industrial etc.
4b
Soil mechanics and fou n d atio n engineering,
4c
4d
Hydraulics studies and engineering,
Earthquake engineering,
4e
Sabo (landslide pro tectio n ) engineering,
4f
Q u a n tity surveying, cost estim ation,
Estim ation, preparation o f contract docum ents and bid evaluation,
4g
5b
Supervision/inspection o f construction,
5e
Technical assistance and advisory services,
7a
Operations and m aintenance,
7b
M aintenance planning,
In fo rm atio n systems and co m p u ter processing,
8b
8c
C om puter technology,
9f
Training and technology transfer,
G H E N T - WES-T
¿ E X if
~3~Æ
DRONGEN
DRONGEN
j^ETRUS 1
H R IS T U S D R É E £ -
GHENT-WEST
E5 - EXIT 13
HABXN
ENGINEERING
DEINSESTEENWEG 110
TEL 091/26.50.94
CONSULTANTS
B 9810 GENT (DRONGEN)
TELEX : 12 586 Haecon B