american.edu/cas/connections | spring 2014 In the Mind’s I A Bridge to Bangladesh Chance of Solar Flares The Rhodes Less Traveled Guy Noir Letter from the Dean On the cover Magazine production Jess // The Enamord Mage: Translation #6, 1965 // Oil on canvas over wood // Collection of the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum Publisher: College of Arts and Sciences // Dean: Peter Starr // Managing Editor: Mary Schellinger // Writers: Abbey Becker, Jamie McCrary, Alyssa Röhricht // Editor: Ali Kahn, UCM // Designer: Nicky Lehming // Webmaster: Thomas Meal // Senior Advisor: Mary Schellinger // Send news items and comments to casnews@american.edu. Join our conversation Facebook facebook.com/AUcollege Twitter twitter.com/AUcollege The choices that make us who we are can often be traced to the influence of a single individual. A cherished professor sets us to thinking in a bold, new direction. A mentor helps us to reach higher. Thanks to a single conversation, a door sometimes opens onto a very promising line of inquiry. These life changing interactions happen every day, in ways large and small, throughout AU’s College of Arts and Sciences. This issue of Connections highlights just a few of those transformational moments. Among them is a story that reveals how faculty mentoring in AU’s Department of Economics changed the intellectual paths of two PhD students. In another, Dhanesh Krishnarao, BS physics and mathematics ’14, talks about how he got “a giant leap” closer to his dream of becoming an astronaut when U. J. Sofia, the College’s associate dean of research, recommended him for a NASA internship. Sajid Islam, BS ’99/MS ’03 computer science, discusses how the fruits of his AU education have helped him to bolster, almost single-handedly, entrepreneurial opportunities for Bangladeshi youth. Longtime AU arts patron Sylvia Greenberg literally set the stage for the expansion of the performing arts at AU when she and her late husband, Harold, helped establish the Greenberg Theatre in 2003. Recently, Greenberg realized her lifelong dream of acting in a play when she read with students on the very stage she helped to build. Studio art professor Tim Doud explores the relationship between clothing and identity through a series of fascinating portraits, including Blue, a serial self-portrait of the artist wearing 30 different blue shirts. Professor Erik Dussere’s new book on film noir, America Is Elsewhere: The Noir Tradition in the Age of Consumer Culture, argues that the dark underbelly of culture portrayed in the genre serves as an “antidote” to the optimism of postwar consumerism. Environmental science professor Stephen MacAvoy’s latest research on urban waters has detected elevated concentrations of sodium and other minerals in the Anacostia River, a trend that will likely prove problematic for the river’s aquatic life. The National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) recently granted SETH professor Vivian Vasquez an Advancement of People of Color Leadership Award in recognition of her 30-year teaching career and extraordinary advocacy on behalf of young learners. NCTE further honored Vasquez by creating the Vivian Vasquez Teacher Scholarship, to be awarded to an outstanding early childhood teacher or researcher. Happy reading, Peter Starr Dean, College of Arts and Sciences american.edu/cas/connections | Spring 2014 Letter from the Dean Alumna Named National Book Award Finalist 2 High honors for Wendy Lower’s new book, Hitler’s Furies Dean Receives French Medal of Honor 3 Chevalier de l’Ordre des Palmes Académiques for francophile Peter Starr In the Mind’s I 4 Artist Tim Doud explores how we choose to create ourselves online A Bridge to Bangladesh 6 Computer science alum Sajid Islam’s collaborative technology startup Kudos for Education Professor 7 Vivian Vasquez marks a milestone with a national award and an eponymous scholarship Chemistry Text Redux 8 New focus on terrorism in James Girard’s classic volume Guy Noir 9 Film noir and consumer culture converge in new book by literature professor Erik Dussere “Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made On” 10 Sylvia Greenberg finally gets her stage debut Hate That Dirty Water 12 Stephen MacAvoy, environmental studies, tracking nutrient movement in urban waters The Rhodes Less Traveled 13 Doors open for scholarship finalist Hanaleah Hoberman, BA psychology ’13 All the World’s a Stage 14 Jeff Gan ’14 finds his sweet spot at the junction of international relations and theatre For Love of Economics 15 Alumni on why they came—and where they’re going Chance of Solar Flares 16 Dhanesh Krishnarao, BS physics and math ’14, forecasting space weather at NASA Achievements 17 Courtesy of Wendy Lower humanities by Abbey Becker Last November at a benefit dinner in New York City, AU alumna Wendy Lower learned that she had been named a National Book Award nonfiction finalist for her critically acclaimed new book, Hitler’s Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013). “This is beyond my wildest dreams—nothing that I could have 2 imagined when I started the history graduate program at American University in autumn 1991,” she says. The National Book Award is an American literary prize presented annually by the National Book Foundation to distinguished authors in four award categories. Lower is in good company: past nonfiction winners include Rachel Carson, Barry Lopez, Thomas Friedman, and Joan Didion. Lower is the John K. Roth Professor of History at Claremont McKenna College and a consultant for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. She received her master’s and doctorate in history at American University under the guidance of renowned historian and faculty adviser Richard Breitman, whose scholarship had inspired her. “I decided to focus my research in Holocaust history after reading professor Richard Breitman’s excellent study of Heinrich Himmler,” she says. “Professor Breitman is a model scholar and mentor and an outstanding example of the first-rate history faculty at AU.” Of Lower, Breitman says, “At AU she advanced steadily from graduate student to fellow researcher on Nazi Germany and [was] a sounding board for me for my own work.” Breitman’s most recent book, FDR and the Jews (Belknap, 2013), was coauthored with fellow AU history professor Allan J. Lichtman. “Her outstanding dissertation Photo by Jeff Watts humanities “Wendy Lower’s book is a powerful study of a sample of some half a million German women who inhabited the Nazi empire in Eastern Europe.” — Richard Breitman became the basis for her first book, which launched her scholarly career,” Breitman adds. “I was gratified when she gained a chair at Claremont McKenna, and now I am equally pleased to see her latest book receive such wide recognition.” Hitler’s Furies is the first book to examine the role of German women on the eastern front in World War II. Lower's research exposes the history of 500,000 German women who participated directly in the genocide of the Holocaust. “The consensus in Holocaust and genocide studies is that the systems that make mass murder possible would not function without the broad participation of society,” she says. “And yet, nearly all histories of the Holocaust leave out half of those who populated that society, as if women’s history happens somewhere else.” Previous scholarship identified women serving as prison guards at concentration camps, but Lower found evidence that women were involved more broadly in the Jewish genocide, including office workers and, disturbingly, nurses, social workers, and teachers. “Wendy Lower’s book is a powerful study of a sample of some half a million German women who inhabited the Nazi empire in Eastern Europe,” says Breitman. “Her research shows how these women exploited opportunities to share in the spoils of Nazi rule. They witnessed widespread Nazi atrocities and mass murder, and more than occasionally, they participated as enablers or as direct perpetrators, too. The Nazi beliefs in racial superiority and racial enemies corrupted German women as well as men.” Adapted from an article by Abbey Becker at american.edu/cas/news/wendy-lower-hitlers-furies.cfm Dean Receives French Medal of Honor by Abbey Becker In the fall of 2013, Peter Starr, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, was named a Chevalier de l’Ordre des Palmes Académiques—a knight in the Order of Academic Palms—for his work in promoting French language and culture in the United States. “I am honored and humbled that the French government has chosen to recognize my work with such a distinguished award,” says Starr. “As both a scholar and as a dean, I can testify that France understands the power of cultural diplomacy in a way that few other nations do.” Before joining the College as dean in July 2009, Starr was a professor of French and comparative literature at the University of Southern California. A renowned scholar of French literature and literary theory, he is the author of three books: Logics of Failed Revolt: French Theory after May ’68 (Stanford, 1995); Commemorating Trauma: The Paris Commune and Its Cultural Aftermath (Fordham, 2006); and We the Paranoid (2008), a “France understands the power of cultural diplomacy in a way that few other nations do.” — Peter Starr web-based, multimedia project. Starr received a BA from Stanford University and an MA and PhD from Johns Hopkins University. The French Order of Chivalry was created by Emperor Napoleon in 1808 to honor members of the University of Paris. In 1955, French president René Coty expanded the order to its current decoration for academics and cultural and educational figures. 3 3 Tim Doud. Room and Board. 2010. Oil on linen arts by Alyssa Röhricht Think about how you portray yourself online—on all those profiles and platforms and social media sites. You might post your occupation, your hometown, your hobbies and favorite foods, a link to your blog. Maybe you 4 feature a favorite quote. Sometimes you pick a unique username. And almost always you select a photo of yourself that reflects who you are as you want to be seen. The process by which we create our fantasy self for public presentation is complex and involves a series of choices, some of which we may not be able to explain—but all of which reflect our desires, wishes, hopes, and realities. We put it out there in cyberspace, this imagined self, and we invite others to connect and engage with this reflection of our personal fantasy. It is this interaction between the self and the imagination that inspires artist and art professor Tim Doud. For two series of portraits, Doud visited online dating sites to find his models. He sees the dynamic between artist and model as collaborative. “I pay attention to the choices people make,” says Doud. “The model is a collaborator [in that] she or he makes decisions about their public self for presentation.” Tim Doud. Blue. 2008–2012. Oil on linen arts “It is about the psychology of the choice and the expectations brought to those choices by viewers.” — Tim Doud Doud’s models choose their clothes, their makeup, and, to some extent, the setting and staging. The “meaning” of the portrait, he says, lies in the interaction between the model’s choices of “self material” and his or her imagined life and the artist’s ability to bring this material into focus. His series Angie (Mac) features a makeup artist. Angie made herself up, literally and figuratively; the craft of the portraiture, says Doud, is to make the model’s choices visible. So, for example, in the painting Polly Vinyl, Angie wears a white fur ski cap with a puffy blue winter coat and bright white eye shadow, while in Wanderlust, she chooses braided pigtails, bright pink lips, and electric blue makeup. Doud’s work draws attention to the theatricality of everyday life. The model in his Rodney series chooses clothing that is elaborate and fun. In See, Rodney poses in black and leather with reflective glasses, fingerless gloves, and an elaborate headpiece. In Buzz, he wears a black hat with a bow tie and a green and black flamenco shirt with puffy sleeves. In Designer, Rodney reclines in a wooden chair, now wearing a pinstriped suit with green striped shirt and red tie and glasses. It’s about more than dressing up, says Doud. Each different outfit is a part of Rodney’s identity. The idea is to consider the choices we make and how they “flesh us out” into public identity. In the multiframe series titled Blue, Doud created 30 self-portraits that are meant to be viewed as one unified piece. Each portrait depicts Doud from the chest up and wearing a different blue, button-up shirt. “I made the choices of what shirts to wear, I chose my glasses,” says Doud. “I problematize these by arranging them in systems across a structure of color and hue choices. Each portrait, then, examines how commodity makes personality present.” In each series, including Blue, the facial expression of the model remains the same. That is because it isn’t about the psychology of the face, says Doud. “It is about the psychology of the choice and the expectations brought to those choices by viewers.” The artist directs focus away from what a portrait means to the means by which it signifies—what our clothing signifies, the brands we choose, which bring up larger questions of consumerism and self-representation. Doud currently is working on part two of his Blue series, which more directly questions the Westerncentric fashion industry. Doud’s work has been exhibited in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, and Washington, D.C., as well as in Switzerland, Germany, and Italy. A finalist in the 2013 Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery’s Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition, his portrait Room and Board from the Rodney series was featured on the cover of the catalog. Tim Doud is curating two exhibitions at the American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center. Sightlines (through April 6) features works by Ann Pibal, Jill Downen, Frank Trankina, and Dean Smith, all of whom had an influence on Doud’s vision. The Neighbors, which he is co-curating with Zoë Charlton, is a threepart colloquium series highlighting the relationships between art programming at AU and the greater D.C. area. Residence is the third and final installment in the series (April 1–June 1). 5 sciences Courtesy of Sajid Islam by Alyssa Röhricht “I wasn’t seeing many startups from Bangladesh on the global stage. There was not much innovation happening.” — Sajid Islam Sajid Islam found his passion. The “double Eagle” with two computer science degrees from AU—a BS in 1999 and an MS in 2003— works in Washington as a global software program manager at Hewlett-Packard, where he oversees software programs that generate $100 million a year in revenue. It’s a fantastic 6 job, he says—but that’s not what excites him. Islam’s passion is Shetu, a business he founded in Bangladesh in 2013. Named after the Bengali word for bridge, Shetu grew out of Islam’s desire to give back to the place where he was born and raised. Like a bridge which serves to connect and to facilitate free transfer, Shetu’s mission is to span the gap between talent and opportunity in Bangladesh. As Islam explains, this means building an ecosystem in the country to create a space for free exchange of ideas and real-world support for entrepreneurs and tech startups. Islam worked for more than 13 years in Silicon Valley and saw the need to bring that creative and collaborative technology environment to Bangladesh. “I wasn’t seeing many startups from Bangladesh on the global stage,” he says. There was not much innovation happening because the country lacks the infrastructure and a support system for it. Bangladesh has rampant unemployment and underemployment, especially among college graduates. That’s where Islam is focusing his attention: on the country’s educated youth, who have lots of ideas and energy but nowhere to work. He is looking to set them up in new ventures that will help to improve and expand the infrastructure. Islam flew to Bangladesh in November (he travels there every six weeks or so) to host the first Global Entrepreneurship Week, a free event for entrepreneurs who need basic training in how to jump-start their business. It was a heavily curated event, says Islam, and not open to just anyone. “We asked a series of questions to see how prospective entrepreneurs [would] take the knowledge and apply it to their community. . . . We want them to use it for good.” The goal of the event, he says, was to “light the fire” in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, through workshops focused on business models, marketing, networking with other entrepreneurs and established businesspeople, building a knowledge base for running a business—and generally encouraging young people to explore their potential and be inspired. “We want to show the power of we. That’s the main thing we’re driving at, and it has created a lot of buzz in the country.” Networking and building knowledge are not the only ways that Shetu is investing in youth. The organization also offers a means of financial support for tech startups. Young entrepreneurs agree to contribute 10 percent of ownership equity and 10 percent of profits to Shetu in exchange education for funds to launch their businesses. Islam has already invested all of his own money in Shetu. As yet, he has not raised any outside funds for the organization. “That’s how much I believe in it,” he says. At present he runs the organization, almost single-handedly, from the opposite end of the world. He typically starts his day around 3 a.m. (2 p.m. Bangladesh time), communicating with his two staff members there and student volunteers. While he may be going it alone to build Shetu, Islam believes in the power of collaboration and in sharing ideas with peers. His goal, and his goal for Shetu, is to create a space where that dynamic can happen. Space is hard to come by in Bangladesh, and in Dhaka it doesn’t come cheap. But Islam has managed to secure a 3,000-square-foot meeting space where entrepreneurs can gather and share ideas and build relationships. “We need to create this atmosphere,” Islam says, because “people should mingle, network. Things could come out of there, good things.” He wants to see young people coming together, not isolating themselves. There’s an African proverb he likes to quote: “If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.” And that is precisely where Islam wants to go. by Abbey Becker In 2013, Vivian Vasquez, profes- sor of education at the School of Education, Teaching, and Health, marked her 30th year of teaching with high honors: she received the Advancement of People of Color Leadership (APCL) Award from the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), and a scholarship was established in her name. The APCL Award recognizes a person of color who has made a significant contribution to the NCTE. The first Asian to receive this award, Vasquez is also the youngest. “The sustained and rigorous trajectory of leadership in Dr. Vasquez’s work—including her ongoing mentorship, advocacy, and scholarship—speaks for itself about her commitment to the advancement of people of color within and beyond NCTE,” said the nomination letter submitted by members of Indiana University’s School of Education and Teachers College, Columbia University. The Early Childhood Assembly of NCTE went a step further and created the Vivian Vasquez Teacher Scholarship, to be awarded to an early childhood teacher or teacher researcher who honors the work of Vasquez by encouraging young children to be critical inquirers and activists for social change. “Throughout her career, Dr. Vivian Vasquez has advocated for critical literacy by supporting young children in deconstructing and reconstructing texts in their everyday worlds and situating inquiry within young children’s rich repertoires of interests and practices, such as technology and popular culture,” said the “I realized what critical literacies could mean for my young students in terms of helping them to critically read the word and the world.” — Vivian Vasquez scholarship announcement at the Early Childhood Education Assembly General Meeting. “Dr. Vasquez’s advocacy for teacher research conveys her perspective of teachers as professionals uniquely positioned to investigate and change classroom practices.” Since the 1980s, Vasquez has been involved with the NCTE and has held various positions there, both appointed and elected. She represented the organization at the White House Summit on Early Childhood Education. Vasquez always knew she wanted to teach young children. “My desire to work with young children began when I was in elementary school, as I watched my mother working as a kindergarten teacher.” Vasquez was teaching kindergarten while pursuing her master’s degree. During a summer session class, she discovered critical literacy. “I met Dr. Barbara Comber and Dr. Alan Luke, renowned scholars in critical literacy. I realized what critical literacies could mean for my young students in terms of helping them to critically read the word and the world,” she says. “They are able to make more informed decisions as participants both in the classroom and beyond.” Ever since then, she has approached her teaching from a critical literacy perspective. She never planned on becoming an academic. But her career took a turn in that direction when the elementary school where she was teaching offered her an adjunct position to work with preservice teachers. Then Indiana University offered her a scholarship and fellowship, and she decided to take the plunge and complete her doctoral studies. “As a public school and preschool teacher, I engaged in research as a way of teaching,” she says. “My transition into academia was therefore a fairly smooth one.” After she received her PhD, she took a teaching position at AU. And she’s been here ever since. Even with 30 years of teaching experience in public schools and at AU, Vasquez remains humble. “Mother Teresa once said, ‘Not all of us can do great things. But we can do small things with great love.’ In my life, I have been enriched by so many people who have shown me great love and support,” she says. “These people have helped me to do the small things that I hope have made at least a small difference out there.” 7 sciences Literature professor by Abbey Becker “I’m constantly drilling through information to try to make sure that I’m staying current.” — James Girard While teaching a new honors course in forensics several years ago, chemistry professor James Girard realized that the text material he’d chosen for the class—Criminalistics, Crime, and Society—wasn’t working. “A lot of it was written by ex-crime lab people, detectives, and prosecutors, not professors,” he says. And as a professor, he had learned from experience that what students find compelling is connecting the science to real cases they may have heard about. There was a need for a textbook that provided a scientific look at forensics, and Girard decided to write it. That book, Criminalistics: Forensic Science and Crime, was published in 2008. In 2011 he published a second edition with an extended title: Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime, and Terrorism. A third edition came out in November 2013. In it Girard discusses the Supreme Court’s decision on the taking of DNA samples, and he includes a section on designer drugs known as bath salts. Three chapters are devoted to issues related 8 to terrorism: cybercrime, explosives, and weapons of mass destruction. When he asked the FBI to review the latter chapter, he says, they told him that he should include agroterrorism. Girard understands the need to keep his material fresh. “After a few years, everything’s considered old and stale,” he says. “If you don’t update every three years or so, faculty tend to go looking for a different book. I’m constantly drilling through information to try to make sure that I’m staying current.” In 2013, Girard’s forensics class—and his textbook—is as popular as ever. Most students who sign up have an interest in criminal justice, and many want to become prosecutors. The class is useful because it focuses on the scientific aspects of criminal investigations and the judicial process. “Students can use the information from this course as a way to strengthen their skills so they’ll be better lawyers,” he says. “Understanding the scientific side of forensics will be important [to them].” Students have told Girard that they’ve been trying for three semesters to get into his class. “I joke that if I called the course Guns, Drugs, and Sex, I’d get every student at the university.” Girard is quite familiar with the analysis of forensics in criminal cases. He’s served as an expert witness on many murder and drug trials. “I’m usually hired by the state in very high-profile trials to represent the person charged so they get a fair trial,” he says. “It’s a tough thing to do—to break through and get the jury to look at the science and evidence and not the person.” In 2014 AU’s honors program will see big changes, including a downsizing to 45 freshmen from 200. And that small group of invitees will take four core courses together. Girard was asked to create a new forensics-based course to serve as the honors science component. He will co-teach the class, titled Burden of Proof, with statistics professor Betty Malloy and justice, law and society professor Richard Bennett. “I’ll be talking about how physical evidence is analyzed, Professor Malloy will address what statistics are significant, and Professor Bennett will discuss whether the evidence would be admitted in court,” he says. Will this new course expose the need for a new textbook —and inspire a new project for Girard? Check your local bookstore to find out. Erik Dussere has long been a fan of film noir, but it wasn’t until he taught a course on detective fiction in the mid1990s that he became interested in noir as a scholarly subject. “I had never read any American detective fiction at that time,” he says, “and reading the hard-boiled books of Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler got me thinking about the relationship between those books and the noir films they influenced.” Dussere’s new book, America Is Elsewhere: The Noir Tradition in the Age of Consumer Culture (Oxford, 2013), explores these connections and the postwar concept of authenticity. He starts with detective fiction from the 1940s, around the time of World War II, and goes on to look at texts and films influenced by noir, including conspiracy stories from the 60s and 70s and media from the 80s and after. Noir is always engaged as a response to consumer culture, Dussere explains. After the war, consumer culture exploded in the United States. It was everywhere. “That sense of its omnipresence,” he says, “leads Americans to feel that something about life in America has become inauthentic, tainted, or spoiled by commerce.” Noir responds by trying to create an alternative version of America—an America that has not humanities Courtesy of Photofest by Abbey Becker been affected by commerce, that is “somehow darker and weirder and less open to being bought and sold.” Dussere examines how noir portrays different kinds of commercial spaces, like gas stations and supermarkets. “The supermarket is a very useful stand-in for an idea of America itself,” he says, “because it’s big, and it’s all about the illusion of freedom of choice.” It seems to represent the American ethos of freedom and democracy—and the freedom to choose whatever we want from all of the options available to us. “There’s this idea that America in the postwar era seems to live in these places of commerce more than anywhere else,” he says. But it’s not just commercial spaces: abstract spaces, like corporations, also represent American consumer capitalism, Dussere argues. He makes the case that film noir is the opposite of what the supermarket represents. “If the supermarket is this brightly lit, apparently cheerful place, then film noir involves plots that are all about being fated and doomed.” Take Billy Wilder’s 1944 film, Double Indemnity, about an insurance agent who helps a woman kill her husband to collect on the insurance policy. Dussere describes a scene in the “The supermarket is a very useful stand-in for an idea of America itself because it’s big, and it’s all about the illusion of freedom of choice.” —Erik Dussere film, after the murder. The two must find a place to meet, discreetly: they choose a supermarket. “They walk around pretending to shop, and there’s this sense that they have crossed a line, and they can no longer be a part of this world,” he says. “They’re much more exciting and dangerous than the [other] people in the supermarket, but they’re also doomed to unhappiness.” It’s a nice sense of contrast, he says, an “authentic” noir scene and the possibly tainted commercial context. Dussere says he can’t pin down the American feeling toward consumerism. “It’s the thing we love to hate—or claim to hate—while we’re also busy madly buying stuff,” he says. “This is exactly what my book is about: the way that American life is defined by the conflict or tension between our consumerist appetites and our desire for an undefined ‘something else’ out there, an elsewhere,” he says, “an authenticity that we imagine could serve as an antidote to consumerism.” 9 arts by Jamie McCrary AU arts patron Sylvia Greenberg always wanted to be on stage. “When I was getting ready for college, I wanted to go to New York and be an actress,” says Greenberg. “My father said no, so I never pursued it, but I think being on stage was my big dream.” 10 When theatre professor Carl Menninger learned that 91-yearold Greenberg had never had an opportunity to be an actress, he decided it was time to do something about it. “I thought, how could we not make this happen?” says Menninger. “She has done so much for AU’s Theatre Program. For me, helping turn her dream into reality was a way to thank Sylvia for her tremendous generosity.” A longtime supporter of the arts at AU, Greenberg and her husband, Harold, provided the funding to establish AU’s Harold and Sylvia Greenberg Theatre. Before it opened in March 2003, students rehearsed and performed in the Experimental Theatre, a small black box space on campus that was missing a backstage. “I really wanted AU students to have a place where they could feel like they were on stage,” says Greenberg. “I think a lot of these young people have great talent, and I wanted to give them a place to cultivate that.” Menninger believes the Greenberg Theatre has helped to expand AU’s Theatre and Musical Theatre Programs. “The [theatre] program would not be what it is today without her. Since I Photos by Murugi Thande arts “I enjoyed every minute of performing in 4,000 Miles. I loved the whole experience. I’m ready for the stage now.” —Sylvia Greenberg arrived at AU 10 years ago, the program has doubled, and in no small part because we have a beautiful facility for students to use,” says Menninger. “So, she’s always wanted to act, and there’s a theatre named after her—why is she not standing on the stage that has her name on it?” After reading several scripts, Menninger discovered the perfect fit for Greenberg: Amy Herzog’s 4,000 Miles. A finalist for the 2013 Pulitzer Prize in drama, the play explores the relationship between 21-year-old Leo and his feisty, 91-year-old grandmother, Vera, examining their differences, disagreements, and ultimately, their connection. Greenberg played Vera, which proved to be an ideal role for her. “I think this show was written for me, because I could really identify with Vera,” says Greenberg. “I use the same expressions she uses. I even say the same things [in real life that] she said in the script.” Presented at the Greenberg Theatre on November 24, 2013, Menninger organized the show as a staged reading with AU theatre students. “No one had to memorize anything because we read the script from music stands. We could rehearse as much or as little as Sylvia had time for,” says Menninger. “She was terrific—she got a standing ovation. The cast took a bow, and instantly the audience was on their feet.” Aside from fulfilling her dream of being on stage, the performance fueled another passion in Greenberg: working with students. “I’ve never had more fun, working with Carl and all the young people,” says Greenberg. “I’ve been connected with the students because I’ve always attended performances, but I never really got that close to them. I enjoyed getting to know them.” For Menninger, the intergenerational component of the play made the experience all the richer. “Because 4,000 Miles is about a grandmother and a grandson, it sparked so many interesting conversations between Sylvia and the students,” says Menninger. “One day, we sat there with the young man who played Leo and he talked about his grandparents, and Greenberg talked about her grandson and the challenges of that relationship. There was so much to be learned without ever feeling you were learning anything.” Greenberg hopes that she can continue working with AU students and that her support for the arts will help them succeed. “I think there’s a great deal of talent at AU, and I’d love to see these students be successful,” says Greenberg. “It would make me feel really good knowing I was a part of that.” More than anything, Greenberg hopes that she can continue acting. “I enjoyed every minute of performing in 4,000 Miles,” she says. “I loved the whole experience. I’m ready for the stage now.” 11 sciences Courtesy of Stephen MacAvoy Hate That Dirty Water “Our findings suggest that human beings have created so much of an artificial conglomerate rock and put it in such a small area that we’ve changed the chemistry of the water.” —Stephen MacAvoy Stephen MacAvoy can tell you a lot about the D.C. sewer system, but perhaps not for the reasons you might think. “We have an interesting feature here in Washington—combined sewage outflow,” he says. “When there’s a heavy storm, the system gets overloaded, and runoff and sewage water bypass the overloaded water treatment system and get dumped into our rivers.” MacAvoy, an environmental science professor, studies nutrient movement in aquatic systems, specifically in urban waters. His most recent research involves studying the water chemistry of the Anacostia River. It’s not a happy river, he says. “After looking at it, my team and I discovered that the calcium, magnesium, and sodium concentrations are very high, which is a little odd.” At first, they thought the high concentration of these 12 elements was due to road salting. But because the levels didn’t fluctuate seasonally, they ruled that out. Then the team came up with another idea: perhaps the high ion concentrations in the Anacostia were caused by acidic rain and its interaction with concrete hardscape near the river. The concrete is loaded with limestone. When acidic rainwater hits it, the concrete neutralizes the rainwater, which causes the concrete to dissolve and wash into the river. “Our findings suggest that human beings have created so much of an artificial conglomerate rock and put it in such a small area that we’ve changed the chemistry of the water,” he says. “We see the elevated calcium, magnesium, and sodium that won’t go away and just gets washed downstream. It’s a permanent feature of this changed landscape.” by Abbey Becker The new chemistry of the water may not seem particularly detrimental, but aquatic animals face potentially insurmountable challenges. “Any creature needs to regulate its ion balance,” says MacAvoy. “If you’d been drinking freshwater all your life and the water suddenly started getting saltier, you’d have a major problem. These poor animals in the Anacostia have no choice but to drink the water.” This problem doesn’t just affect aquatic life, says MacAvoy. “D.C. wants to make the Anacostia fishable and swimmable in the next 18 years,” he says. “Cleaning the river is becoming a serious priority.” MacAvoy isn’t just concerned about the Anacostia; the state of other D.C. water systems requires a call to action. While they’re not looking at the Potomac River in this study, he notes that other studies have indicated that there are high levels of estrogen in the Potomac, which is causing male fish to develop eggs. “Washington gets its drinking water from the Potomac,” he says. “That’s definitely a concern.” Despite the problems that local waterways are facing, MacAvoy is heartened by the city’s interest in becoming a greener, more environmentally sound place. “People want to live in nice, clean cities—and on top of that, it’s good PR,” he says. “There’s a tax reason to do it too. Property is more valuable when it’s greener. There’s a growing realization that we are making significant changes to the landscape and that something needs to be done about it.” When she was a freshman, Hanaleah Hoberman, BA psychology ’13, would read about stellar students who were accomplishing seemingly insurmountable feats. “I’d compare myself to the kids in the articles and feel like I wasn’t doing enough,” she says. “It always seems like someone is doing more.” In 2013, however, Hoberman joined that pool of stellar students when she was named a Rhodes Scholarship finalist. “I actually didn’t consider doing the Rhodes initially,” she says. “I was interested in doing a Fulbright in Mexico on the power of oral traditions to heal cultural trauma among indigenous peoples in Oaxaca. But I had only been studying abroad in Chile a month, and my Spanish wasn’t good enough yet to pass the language requirement.” When her merit awards adviser suggested that she might be a good candidate for a U.K. scholarship, such as a Marshall or a Rhodes, she began to rethink her options. “I knew 100 percent that graduate school was in my future,” says Hoberman. “I decided to look into the awards as a vehicle to get there.” The more she learned about Rhodes through research and conversations with former scholars, the more confident she became that the award might be a good fit. “They put a big emphasis on service and community, and I’d really emphasized those things in my time at AU,” she says, referring to her efforts to help found a labor rights student organization and organize workers at AU to improve the labor situation. The oldest of international fellowships and among the most respected, the Rhodes provides full tuition to a degree program at Oxford University. Past winners include former president Bill Clinton, political correspondent George Stephanopoulos, New Jersey senator Cory Booker, and astronomer Edwin Hubble. Each year, 32 Americans are selected through a process whereby the 50 states and Washington, D.C., are grouped into 16 districts. Members of each district committee conduct interviews and select the strongest candidates, no more than two, who will represent the state or states within that district as Rhodes Scholars at Oxford. The winners are announced at the close of the interviews; no alternates are selected. There is no limit as to how many students a university may nominate, but AU typically keeps its list small. Hoberman was one of only a handful of nominees. “The merit awards office puts so much energy into the people they choose,” she says, “and they want to give [the students] as much support as possible.” Photo by Murugi Thande social sciences by Abbey Becker Rhodes applicants must submit a personal essay. Hoberman, whose minor was creative writing, focused on her gap year between high school and college, when she taught English at a school in a Bedouin desert community in Israel. “I wrote about how that experience shaped the way I think and about psychology and intervention, particularly regarding empowerment-based community intervention and activism as a means for preventing mental illness.” After learning that she had been selected as a finalist, Hoberman flew to Texas, her home state, for her district interview— and a luncheon. When “The merit awards office puts so much energy into the people they choose, and they want to give [the students] as much support as possible.” —Hanaleah Hoberman the interviews were finished, the names of two winners were announced. Hoberman’s was not among them. She was disappointed but not discouraged. “At the end of the day, I gained so much from the experience,” she says. “The merit awards office set up mock interviews, so I got to know a lot of amazing professors outside of my field.” She even found the application process to be valuable. It gave her an excuse to do a lot of reading, she says, and exposed her to issues normally off her radar, such as the special relationship between the U.K. and the United States. And it got her thinking about her plans for graduate school. “Before I applied for the Rhodes, I was thinking I wanted to go for my doctorate in clinical community psychology,” she says. “Now, I’m also considering a master’s in public health with a mental health focus. I’m seeing that there are more opportunities than I thought.” 13 Courtesy of Jeff Gan arts by Abbey Becker “Every live performance is unique. You’ll never have the same confluence of audience and actors or have the cues called in the exact same way.” —Jeff Gan When Jeff Gan arrived at AU, he declared a major in international relations in the School of International Studies. Like many of his fellow students, he wanted to work at the State Department and join the Foreign Service. But then he caught a bug that altered his path. On a whim, Gan joined the University College, a small-group learning and living community for first-year students. Participants share an 14 on-campus “residential neighborhood” and attend an intensive seminar together, which for Gan’s cohort was Theatre: Principles, Plays, and Performance. Gan had done some theatre in high school, and he had made some new theatre friends through the program, so he decided to take a few theatre courses on the side. “I thought I’d be a theatre minor at most,” he says. But the more classes he took, the more he discovered professors he really liked, and he developed a passion for the art. Gan noticed that he had begun to look at international relations through a cultural lens— and at theatre through an international perspective. A cultural context, he discovered, enriched his understanding of history—and vice versa. And so Gan decided to declare a second major: theatre. “The more I got into the liberal arts curriculum, the more I realized there were more options that could give me a broader reach,” he says. “I could touch economics, politics, the arts, literature, and sociology through this art form.” It didn’t take long for Gan to become a part of AU’s small and intimate performing arts community, where everyone is on a first-name basis. “We have regular meetings as an entire department, initiated by Professor Sybil Williams,” he says, “and we hold informal freshman-senior gettogethers every month to address concerns, offer advice, even play Apples to Apples.” Gan knew he loved theatre, but he wasn’t sure where his second major might lead. His revelation, he says, came in Cara Gabriel’s theatre history class. Gan approached his teacher after class one day and told her, “I really enjoyed this—how can I do more of this kind of thing?” She told him that he could be a director or an academic—or look into dramaturgy. It turns out he didn’t have to look long or far. Gan went to see theatre professor Carl Menninger, who was directing the show Bare: A Pop Opera, and he asked how he could get involved in the production. Menninger suggested that he be the dramaturge. And that is how Gan discovered his path. “You get to form this very passionate relationship with the text,” he says. “Some directors say that their experience feels like giving birth—you pour so much of yourself into it. With dramaturgy, you’re really involved with the process, but it’s less emotionally draining.” Research is at the center of dramaturgy, which satisfies Gan’s insatiable curiosity. “You get to reach into subjects that aren’t necessarily about drama,” he says. “I get to do a lot of historical research. For one of the shows I did, I devoted three hours to researching the postage system in Weimar Germany, and I loved it.” Gan has long been a fan of the performing arts, but now he understands them on a deeper level. social sciences “Every live performance is unique. You’ll never have the same confluence of audience and actors or have the cues called in the exact same way,” he says. “It’s a really beautiful and very brief relationship between the audience and the performance that can’t be replicated.” Gan’s enthusiasm for theatre and his passion for research have not gone unnoticed by his professors or the directors he’s worked with. “Jeff is perfectly suited to life in the theatre because he is something of a Renaissance man,” says professor Meghan Raham. “He has a truly curious mind and is eager and able to synthesize ideas and information from seemingly disparate disciplines into a central idea. Jeff’s interest in everything makes him particularly valuable as a collaborator, and he also manages somehow to be quite likeable while knowing a lot about everything— an even more unique trait. I can’t wait to see what the world looks like once he takes over.” While world domination doesn’t seem to be part of his agenda, Gan hopes eventually to follow in the footsteps of those who have inspired him most: his theatre professors. “I want to expose as many people as possible to theatre,” he says. “I believe in its power, and I want to help build a sustainable consumer base for the arts.” Love Economics “The PhD isn’t easy . . . but the professors always have their offices open for questions, and they really care about students doing well.” —Mario Gonzalez Before Mario Gonzalez enrolled at AU as a doctoral student in economics, he worked in international development—first, at the Food and Agriculture Organization for a year, and then as a research assistant at the Inter-American Development Bank for two and half years. Everyone, it seemed, had a PhD in economics, he says. Everyone, that is, except Gonzalez. When he decided it was time to pursue his doctorate, American University was where he wanted to go—all because of Paul Winters, a professor in the Department of Economics. “I took a class with him when I was in the international development master’s program [at AU], and he was the one who recommended me for the position at the Inter-American Development Bank,” he says. It was Winters, too, who convinced him to go back to school to get formal academic training in economics. When Gonzalez returned to AU as a PhD student in 2010, he knew he wanted Winters involved in his studies. “I wanted him to be the chair of my dissertation committee,” he says. Leanne Roncolato graduated with a PhD in economics in 2013. She had chosen AU for a similar reason: a professor. “I came to work with the gender program, particularly with Maria Floro,” she says. “Professor Floro is passionate about the human element of economics. She really cares about people.” Students in AU’s economics doctorate program are all over the map when it comes to their particular areas of interest, but one thing they share is this: the belief that it’s the faculty who make the program what it is. “The PhD isn’t easy, it’s a lot of work,” Gonzalez says. “But the professors always have their offices open for questions, and they really care about students doing well.” Roncolato found her dissertation committee to be invaluable. “I was really lucky that all of my committee members had such unique strengths and could support me in different ways.” by Abbey Becker For her research on economic development, gender, and employment, for example, she traveled to South Africa to study the informal economy and how small businesses function in the community. “In economics, we often focus on formal labor markets,” she says. “I became really interested in work that isn’t necessarily counted in labor force surveys. That’s something that Professor Floro is really an expert in: shining a focus on other spheres of the economy.” Roncolato is now looking for an academic teaching position in economics, international development, and women’s studies. She’s continuing her collaboration with a colleague at the International Labor Organization, where she has done policy work in the past. “I always want to have one foot in the policy world,” she says. “And I definitely want to keep doing research on economic development.” Meanwhile, Gonzalez is pursuing the research lead of his mentor—and committee chair—Paul Winters. “All of my work is related to impact evaluations, particularly of social and agricultural programs,” he says. He also has a new and more senior position at the InterAmerican Development Bank in strategic planning and development effectiveness. “It’s crazy to be getting paid to do what I do,” he says, “because I love what I do.” 15 15 sciences Chance of Photo by Murugi Thande Forecasting Space Weather “It’s the perfect scenario when a student brings knowledge learned at AU to an internship—and then the expertise gained from the internship back to AU.” —U. J. Sofia When he was young, Dhanesh Krishnarao, BS physics and mathematics ’14, took a family vacation to Disney World and to nearby Kennedy Space Center. That’s when he fell in love with 16 space and astronomy. Now Krishnarao’s dream job is to be an astronaut, but he’s taking it one step at a time to get there. Last summer he began an internship with NASA in the area of space weather forecasting. “These forecasts can predict the sun’s effects on Earth and its magnetic field, among other things,” he says, all of which is helpful information for NASA robotic missions, the military, and the government. Last fall, he teleworked on his internship project from AU. This semester, he is traveling to NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, one day a week to work on a new project: observing solar flares. “I always had an interest in astronomy,” he says. “Space weather wasn’t a focus until I started at NASA.” It was U. J. Sofia, physics professor and associate dean of research, who recommended Krishnarao for the internship. “What’s particularly exciting about Dhanesh’s experience is that he was able to bring back [to AU] skills that he learned at NASA. He is applying them to an astrophysics research project in my field that he is working on for his honors capstone,” says Sofia. “It’s the perfect scenario when a student brings knowledge learned at AU to an internship—and then the expertise gained from the internship back to AU.” by Abbey Becker The internship has broadened Krishnarao’s network of contacts, which will likely be helpful to him in the future for things like “advice on graduate schools and internships.” But he also has nothing but praise for the physics department at AU. “It’s a small department, but we have really great faculty,” he says. “I feel like we’re all friends.” Krishnarao entered AU as a physics major, but he picked up math as a second major because, he says, there’s a lot of overlap between the two subjects. “It’s particularly relevant because I’m interested in going to graduate school for something related to astrophysics.” And the deeper Krishnarao delves into astrophysics, the more he finds there is to discover. “It’s nice to look up at the sky and realize that I have some idea of what’s going on up there—but also that I have no idea about what’s going on,” he says. “There’s so much that we don’t know.” achievements Grants & Research Appointments & Honors Publications & Productions The William Penn Foundation awarded a three-year, $356,500 grant to the Arts Management Program for the “Advancing Arts and Cultural Organizations–Research” initiative. Andrew Taylor (performing arts) is the principal investigator. Kim Blankenship (sociology) joined the Behavioral and Social Science Approaches to Preventing HIV/AIDS study section at the Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health. Over the past year, Zelenka: The Capriccios, a CD released in 2012 by Dan Abraham (performing arts) and the Bach Sinfonia, has received a lot of air time on NPR’s nationally syndicated program Sunday Baroque. Michael Brenner (Israel studies) was elected international president of the Leo Baeck Institute, the foremost research institute on the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry. The institute has centers in New York, London, and Jerusalem and an office in Berlin. William Brent (performing arts) won high praise in the Washington Post for his computer transformation of virtuoso percussionist Ross Karre’s performance of Habitat, a contemporary work by composer Steve Antosca. The world premiere took place at the National Gallery of Art. Max Paul Friedman (history) was awarded a Fulbright Specialist grant to fund a month-long research trip to Argentina this summer. Anton Fedyashin (history) published “Sergei Witte and the Press: A Study in Careerism and Statecraft” in Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. Stephen Casey (mathematics and statistics) received $145,537 from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for a three-year study, “New Techniques in Time Frequency Analysis: Adaptive Band, Ultra Band, and Multi-Rate Signal Processing.” The Wildlife Management Institute Appalachian Landscape Conservation Cooperative awarded David Culver (environmental science) $110,862 in support of his project “Classification and Georeferencing Cave/Karst Resources across the Appalachian LCC.” Kathleen Franz (history) received $19,327 from the Smithsonian Institution for her project “American Enterprise: Stories of Business.” The U.S. Office of the Comptroller awarded $500,731 to Amos Golan (economics) in support of the Info-Metrics Institute and Network. The National Conference of Bankruptcy Judges gave Mary Hansen (economics) $27,107 toward funding her project “Opening New Views into Bankruptcy and Credit Markets Using Court Records.” David Keplinger (literature) received an Artist Fellowship Program grant of $10,000 from the D.C. Commission on the Arts and Humanities to support work on a new manuscript. Kiho Kim (environmental science) received a $93,490 award from the National Science Foundation for a study titled “RAPID: Documenting Bleaching Susceptibility and Resilience in Guam Micronesia.” The National Security Agency gave Joshua Lansky (mathematics and statistics) a $69,779 grant for “Liftings and Symmetric Spaces over p-adic Fields.” Cynthia Miller-Idriss (SETH) was awarded $29,375 by the Spencer Foundation for her project “The Extreme Goes Mainstream?: School Bans and New Right-Wing Extremist Forms in Germany.” Members of the International Society for Reef Studies elected Kiho Kim (environmental science) as recording secretary. Allan Lichtman and Richard Breitman (history) received a Tikkun Olam Award for “raising enormously important issues and opening up a dialogue leading to a new sense of understanding” through their book, FDR and the Jews (Belknap, 2013). They also won the Jewish Book Council’s prestigious National Jewish Book Award in the American Jewish Studies category. Chemi Montes (art) won gold and silver awards in the 2014 international Graphis poster competition for pieces he designed for the Department of Performing Arts. Andrea Pearson (art history) was elected to a three-year term, beginning in January, on the council of the Sixteenth Century Society and Conference (SCSC). An international organization, the SCSC promotes scholarship and intellectual exchange related to the early modern era. A book by Theresa Runstedtler (history), Jack Johnson, Rebel Sojourner: Boxing in the Shadow of the Global Color Line (University of California, 2013), won the 2013 Northeast Black Studies Association’s Phillis Wheatley Award. Richard Sha (literature) delivered five lectures in Italy about his forthcoming book, Imagining the Imagination: Science and British Romanticism, 1750–1830. Venues included the University of Bologna, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, and the Keats–Shelley House in Rome. He has been invited to review fellowship applications for this year’s American Council of Learned Societies competition. Barry’s Blog named Andrew Taylor (performing arts) one of the “50 Most Powerful and Influential People in the Nonprofit Arts.” James Girard (chemistry) published Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime, and Terrorism, 3rd ed. (Jones and Bartlett, 2013), an essential resource for undergraduates entering the evolving field of forensic science. Research by Mary Hansen (economics) helped inform the content of a United States Senate bill: Removing Barriers to Adoption and Supporting Families Act, S.1511. Eric Lohr (history) created the Social Science Resource Guide: World War I for the 2013 United States National Academic Decathlon. An article by Pam Nadell (history), “Sisters in Arms: Jewish Women in the Civil War,” coauthored with Dale Rosengarten, appeared in Heritage: The Magazine of the American Jewish Historical Society (Winter 2014). She contributed a chapter, “‘The Synagog shall hear the Call of the Sister’: Carrie Simon and the Founding of the National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods,” to Sisterhood: A Centennial History of Women of Reform Judaism (Hebrew Union College, 2013). In December, Nadell was elected to a two-year term as program vice president of the Association for Jewish Studies. Michael Robinson (mathematics and statistics) published Topological Signal Processing (Springer, 2014). Vivian Vasquez (SETH) published a 10th anniversary edition of Negotiating Critical Literacies with Young Children (Routledge, 2014). Online literary journal Fiction Writers Review appointed Melissa Scholes Young (College Writing Program) as a contributing editor. She published an essay “Where We Write” in Poets and Writers magazine. 17 Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage PAID Permit No. 966 Washington, D.C. College of Arts and Sciences 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20016-8012 american.edu/cas An equal opportunity, affirmative action university. UP 14-293