Canada Overview
Microgrid Research and
Applications
Contributors:
L. Dignard-Bailey (NRCan), T. El-Fouly (NRCan)
B. Cullen and M. Wrinch (Pulse Energy),
H. Farhangi (BCIT),
J. Peralta (BC Hydro)
San Diego 2009 Symposium on Microgrids
September 17-18th , 2009
Presentation Plan
 Introduction
 Guideline for planned islanding


Draft Guideline Standard 1547.4
BC Hydro Guideline June 2006 and project
experience
 Development of Simulation Tools and case
studies
 Remote Community Application Project
 Campus Microgrid Research Project
 Conclusion
2
SYMPOSIUM ON MICROGRIDS
JUNE 23, 2006, MONT-TREMBLANT, QUÉBEC, Canada
2006 Participantion:
Canada (10), Japan (12),
USA (15), and EU (11)
 Invitation to host Symposium in June
2010 in Vancouver, Canada
3
Survey Questionaire
 Based on USDOE-CEC microgrid roadmap;
 Developed in 2006 to solicit comments from Symposium
participants on their research in Microgrids and their
observations regarding the “gaps” in research, and barriers
in the implementation of this concept;
 Part 1 identifies current R&D activities and future priority
areas of the members; Part 2 questions on the difficulties
associated with distribution system planning and
implementation.
4
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
Design
Performance
Monitoring,
Communication,
Control
Operation
Protection and Restoration
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
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Distribution of effort (%)
Approach to Close the Gap - Five Main
Areas and 13 StudyCurrent
Topics
Effort(June 2006)
Approach to close gaps
5
EU
US
Japan
Canada
Design Process
Planning
Construction
Operations
Distribution Utilities
Engineering
& Planning
Asset
Management
System
Operations
Planned Islanding
DR Island Functionality




6
Parallel operation
Transition
Island mode - type, strategy
Reconnection mode
Design and Integration



Type(s) of island(s)
Engineering considerations
EPS Planning




Load flows
Protection planning
Define operating practices
DR settings
Operational and Management




Power dispatch
Communication and data
exchange
Real-time operation
Duration of island
IEEE P1547.4 - Draft Guideline on
Island Systems
 Utility Microgrid
 Multi facility
Bus
Circuits
Substation/feeders
Industrial Park/Commercial complex
 Single facility:
Small residential/commercial Customers
open for
facility island
L
Substation
feeds
Stepdown tx
open for
substation
island
open for
substation
bus island
L
open for
circuit island
L
N.C.
N.C.
N.C.
L
open for
lateral island
Load
Distributed
Generator
Recloser
L
Breaker
7
Adjacent
circuit
N.O.
(closed for
adjacent feeder
island)
Case Study Scenarios
IEEE 1547.4/Draft
 Central dispatch control case studies
• Case Study 1: Emergency backup scenario
• Case Study 2: Load-relief scenario
• Case Study 3: Power-quality scenario
• Case Study 4: Multiple DR units on island and need distributed
control among them
 Distributed dispatch case studies
8
Encourage Discussion from Project Leaders on Case
Studies and Microgrid Communication “Use Cases”
9
BC Hydro - Distribution Power
Generator Islanding Guidelines
10

Published in June 2006

PGs capable of following the load on tripping of the
substation feeder CB (ride-through)

Generators with broader VAR control (power factor ±0.8)

Fast acting prime mover speed governor and exciters

Inertia and controls to pick up dead-feeder load

Black-start capability (scheduled islanding)
Source: Jaime Peralta, Distribution Planning, BC Hydro, IEEE-PES, Calgary, Canada, July, 2009
BC Hydro – Technical
requirements for Islanding
PG with sufficient excitation current to allow fault
detection and protection coordination
 Dual overcurrent protection settings (for parallel and
islanded operation)
 Capability to maintain power quality (Machines with large
inrush current or cyclic loads)


11
Operating data/status telemetry
• Real-time communication to the Control Centre
• Operating data: kV, MW, MVARs, etc.
• Generator and primary CB status
Source: Jaime Peralta, Distribution Planning, BC Hydro, IEEE-PES, Calgary, Canada, July, 2009
BC Hydro Network System
 Required upgrades and considerations:

Feeder load > PG MVA rating/output  Feeder sectionalization plan

Bi-directional line voltage regulators and fault detection elements
(CB, reclosers)

Voltage supervision at feeder substation CB (out-of-step closing)

Feeder reclosers upgrade
• Disable/delay reclosing function
• Upgrade from 1Φ hydraulic to 3Φ electronic

Out-of-step relay and CB interrupting duty
• PG plant or BCH substation CB
12
Source: Jaime Peralta, Distribution Planning, BC Hydro, IEEE-PES, Calgary, Canada, July, 2009
BC Hydro Network System (Cont.)
13

Line fuses upgrade (replace/relocate/remove)

Synchronizing-check relay at substation feeder CB
(Microgrids)

PG real-time operating data/status at Control Centre and
inter-operator communications

Distribution Operating Order and PG commissioning
tests for both grid-connected and islanded mode

System impact study for islanding operation
Source: Jaime Peralta, Distribution Planning, BC Hydro, IEEE-PES, Calgary, Canada, July, 2009
BC Hydro Islanding Project and
reliability improvement
Monthly Back-up Capacity and Feeder Peak Demand
4,000
3,500
3,000
[kW]
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
G
500
PG Firm Capacity
14
March
February
January
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
0
Peak Demand
BC Hydro Feeder
SAIDI
SAIFI
CAIDI
2008
3.77
5.05
0.75
2007
7.20
6.65
1.08
2006
34.16
8.87
3.85
2005
4.30
4.06
1.06
S
Source: Jaime Peralta, Distribution Planning, BC Hydro, IEEE-PES, Calgary, Canada, July, 2009
Smart Energy Management
Customer
Load
kW Electricity
+
kW Heat
Variable
Sources
Current value
Forecast
Real time
Energy
Management
Dispatchable
Sources
Forecast
Current value
15
Fast acting
Controls
Optimal
operation
Energy Profile Manager
New planning tools
• Metered load and generator profiles
• Meter demand and network demand profiles
16
“Smart” remote Microgrid application:
Hartley Bay Project
 Gitga'at First Nation
 650 km NW of
Vancouver
 180 Residents
 $500,000 Annual Fuel
Bill
 Focus on energy
conservation and
reduced diesel use
17
Source: M. Wrinch, B. Cullen, Pulse Energy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Hartley Bay – Smart Microgrid
Metering Infrastructure
Band Office
Resident
DR Messaging,
Smart Metering
State Estimator
18
Source: M. Wrinch, B. Cullen, Pulse Energy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Smart Meter – Hartley Bay Project
•
•
•
•
•
World Class Meter (Elster and Landis & Gyr)
Measurements: V, A, kW, kWh
Wireless Mesh Network: EKA Systems
15 minute updates
Community Wi-Fi Installed
Mesh
EKA
Gateway
Receiver
Internet
Pulse
Servers /
Software
Internet
Meter
19
Source: M. Wrinch, B. Cullen, Pulse Energy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
User
Intelligent Microgrid –
Canadian Microgrid Research Site
• Smart Grid Campus R&D Site
Consortium application
20
Source: Hassan Farhangi, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Demand Response and Peak
Load Management Application
HVAC
Cell modem
Secure Internet
Connection
Lighting
EnviroGrid
Web 2.0 APIs
Heating
EnviroGrid Customer
Portal
DHW
21
SITE
INSTALLATION
EnviroGrid
Server Cloud
Expanding Capacity with
Advanced Meter Infrastructure
(AMI)
22
(Source: Tantalus, British Columbia, Canada)
Conclusion
 Progress has been made on guidelines for planned
islanding
 Technical research gaps have been addressed
through demonstration projects.
 Need to encourage international collaboration on
microgrid communication use cases
 Invitation to host the 6th International Symposium,
Vancouver, BC, Canada (June 2010)
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CanmetENERGY Research Centre in Varennes (Quebec)
Natural Resources Canada,
1615 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec
http://canmetenergy.nrcan.gc.ca/eng/renewables/integration_der.html
Program objective: To support national S&T efforts that will contribute to
the modernization of the electricity grid network, enhance the benefits of
renewable and clean distributed energy resources, increase diversity and
reliability of supply, and facilitate recovery after disruptions.
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