Front Lines of Hope
CLEAN ENERGY IS POSSIBLE
How Scripps and NextEra Collaborate to Make it Prac9cal and Plen9ful An introduction to
PROF. ROY PERIANA
EDUCATION
•  B.S. University of Michigan •  Ph.D. University of California Berkeley COMPANIES
•  Dow Chemical Company •  Monsanto •  Cataly9ca, Inc. •  Cataly9ca Advanced Technologies ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS
•  The University of Southern California •  Director of the Scripps Energy & Materials Center at The Scripps Research Ins9tute An introduction to
THE TEAM
DR. BRIAN HASHIGUCHI
University of Wisconsin, Ph.D. DR. MIKE KONNICK
University of Wisconsin, Ph.D. PROF. DANIEL ESS
Brigham Young University MR. STEVEN BISCHOF
TSRI THE CHALLENGE
The Challenge
ENERGY SECURITY
Source: hNp://www.energybulle9n.net/37329.html The Challenge
WHERE DOES OUR ENERGY COME FROM?
21%
COAL
37%
OIL
8%
RENEWABLE
25%
NATURAL
GAS
9%
NUCLEAR
The Challenge
CAN WE SUSTAIN OUR LIFESTYLE?
•  Climate change •  Energy security •  Limited resources •  Sustainability THE VISION
The Vision
FUEL
ENERGY
MATERIALS
RENEWABLES
ECONOMY NATURAL GAS
ECONOMY OIL
ECONOMY Limited insecure Cleaner 300 year Supply in the US Clean unlimited supply The Vision
SCRIPPS
& NextEra
A partnership to take on global energy challenges. THE SOLUTION
The Vision
A RELEVANT POINT
“The significant problems we face can not be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them.” - Albert Einstein
The Solution
THE REAL CULPRIT
“...we are failing to understand why we are failing. All of these problems have a single, liNle no9ced root cause: We have been living off low-­‐hanging fruit (Technology) for at least three hundred years. We have built social and economic ins9tu9ons on the expecta9on of a lot of low-­‐hanging fruit, but that fruit is mostly gone.” The Solution
NEED NEW NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY
TODAY
TOMORROW
Heat It and Beat It Cool Chemistry Too expensive and complex Low cost and simple NOT POSSIBLE TODAY
WHY?
The Solution
CHALLENGE: METHANE IS VERY STABLE
No chemistry to break strong C-­‐H bond at lower temperatures H C H TODAY
H ~200oC H ~1000oC TOMORROW
H
H
O
C
H
H METHANOL : weak bonds “OIL OF THE FUTURE”
The Solution
NEXT GENERATION ENERGY STORAGE
Must store energy during peak produc9on 9mes RENEWABLES
STORAGE
THE MISSING LINK
WHY?
The Solution
NEED NEW BATTERY STORAGE TECHONOLOGY
17 miles Li ion batteries
Gasoline
SUBSTANCE
ENERGY DENSITY
(MJ/L)
LiBH4 43.4 Gasoline 34.8 Liquid Hydrogen 8 Li Ion BaNery 2 300 miles CHEAPER SMALLER RELIABLE SAFE
370 miles Next Generation
LiBH4 batteries
NOT POSSIBLE TODAY
WHY?
The Solution
CHALLENGE: BORAX IS VERY STABLE
O H O O AIR (O2)
+
BORAX
Strong B-­‐O bonds H B O NOT POSSIBLE TODAY
-­‐ O H O H H H B -­‐ H H No chemistry to break strong B-­‐O bonds at low temperatures BH4 :“fuel” Weak B-­‐H bonds The Solution
WHY LIBH4 & BORAX?
NEXT GENERATION BATTERY High energy weak bonds H -­‐ B H H H ≈
RENEWABLES
H O H B O -­‐ O O H H BORAX Low energy strong bonds The Solution
CHEMISTRY OF STRONG BONDS:
BROAD APPLICABILITY
H H NATURAL GAS ECONOMY
C H O H CORE SCIENCE
OF SEMC
H O H O H H -­‐ H B O H O H H BORAX
Strong B-­‐O bonds Weak C-­‐H bonds C H METHANE
Strong C-­‐H bonds H NEW BATTERY STORAGE
TECHONOLOGY
B -­‐ H H Weak B-­‐H bonds WHAT CHEMISTRY TO
BREAK STRONG BONDS
AT LOW TEMPERATURES?
The Solution
CURRENT CHEMISTRY:
HIGH TEMPERATURE TO BREAK STRONG BONDS
STARTING
MATERIALS
“TRANSITION”
STATE
VERY REACTIVE
SPECIES
O O O O O O H3C H H3C H H3C H Strong force between atoms (bonds) Vibrate atoms with heat to overcome force Free atoms and fragments CO2 + H2O
MIXTURE OF
PRODUCTS
H3C H H3C H3C H3C O H O O O The Solution
CATALYSIS TO THE RESCUE
STARTING
MATERIALS
O O H3C H “TRANSITION”
STATE
O O STABLE
INTERMEDIATE STATE
O O PRODUCTS
H3C H3C H H3C H Catalysis-­‐person Lower temperatures Control fragments O H The Solution
THE MAGIC OF CATALYSIS
The Solution
CHEMISTRY OF STRONG BONDS:
BROAD APPLICABILITY
H LOWER TEMPERATURE
CHEMISTRY
C H H H O CORE SCIENCE OF SEMC:
CATALYST DESINGED FOR STRONG BONDS
-­‐ O H BORAX
Strong B-­‐O bonds NEW BATTERY STORAGE
TECHONOLOGY
H H H O H Weak C-­‐H bonds C METHANE
Strong C-­‐H bonds B O H O H H H H B -­‐ H H Weak B-­‐H bonds The Solution
THE CHEMISTRY OF STRONG BONDS IS GAME CHANGING
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Technological leadership Reduced dependence on oil Borax (B2O3) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sustainability Cleaner planet Energy security New economy Methane (CH4) Water (H2O) Jobs Mi9gate climate change Global leaders Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) CURRENT STATUS
Current Status
MOST ACTIVE CATALYST KNOWN TODAY
H
H
CC
H
H
H
H
NOT FAST ENOUGH
•  First efficient system aher ~40 years of research by community •  5 years of research with ~2.5 people H
H
HOW TO REDUCE THE TIME
TO MAKE IT?
Current Status
METHANE TO METHANOL
in an undergraduate lab Current Status
EARLY APPLICATION: ASSOCIATED GAS
•  25% of US needs flared each year •  Current technology cannot be use •  Need a small compact unit •  Working with engineering firm in Florida to secure investment to build prototype Current Status
EARLY APPLICATIONS CAN
DRIVE BATTERY RESEARCH
NEXT STEPS
Next Steps
BREAKTHROUGH CHEMISTRY
The chemistry of strong bonds is game changing •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Technological leadership Borax (B2O3) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Reduced dependence on oil Sustainability Cleaner planet Water (H2O) Energy security Methane (CH4) New economy Jobs Mi9gate climate change Global leaders Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Next Steps
CATALYST DESIGN CANNOT BE EMPIRICAL
Next Steps
KNOWLEDGE GUIDES WORK
Scien9fic progress follows “S-­‐curve” GOALS
Wrong Aromatization
Halogenation
CH Activation
High valent metal oxides
OsO4, RuOn
Methane mono-oxygenase
Metal oxides
MoOn, VPOn
Oxidative coupling
Powerful oxidants
S2O82-, H2O2
Sacrificial reductants (CO, H2)
Super-acids
H+, O+, I+
Many approaches but few that provide solu9on Wrong Need Accurate fundamental knowledge to know when to “Move to New Learning Curve” Next Steps
INTEGRATION OF THEORY & EXPERIMENT
This can reduce research 9me by 50%. Experimental Mechanis9c model •  Integrate mechanis9c knowledge with Combinatorial Computa9on •  Speed up and Reduce Costs for lead Iden9fica9on and Op9miza9on Molecular Design aided by rapid Quantum Chemistry Catalyst Synthesis Catalyst Tes9ng Next Steps
CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS
Next Steps
STILL NEED TO MAKE “STUFF”
Person-­‐power intensive Next Steps
EXAMPLE OF NEW CATALYST DESIGN
•  Labor intensive •  Can take 6 people-­‐months to make! Next Steps
USE ROBOTICS TO SCREEN
Fully Automated Hit Picker Automated Worksta9ons Assay Development Compound Library Screening System •
Integrated compound storage •
Primary screening system •
Follow–up screening system Hit-­‐picker Confirma9on Hit profiling Robo9cs System Next Steps
KEYS TO SUCCESS
•  Molecular catalysis new approach: NEW approach to FUELS, ENERGY, & MATERIALS •  Focus on all strong bonds •  “Cri9cal Mass” and sustained effort by best minds in one building •  Mul9disciplinary approach •  Leverage by combina9on of Industry, Government and philanthropy •  Entrepreneurial culture •  Focus on solu9ons as opposed to only study Next Steps
SCRIPPS & NextEra
A partnership to take on global energy challenges.
The world’s first center
dedicated to chemistry
of all strong bonds.
Next Steps
TECHNOLOGICAL ROAD MAP
TODAY
High Temperatures technologies Petroleum based economy Insecurity Excess CO2 emissions Climate C hange TOMORROW
Lower temperatures technologies Natural gas economy Energy Security Reduce CO2 Unsustainable Mi9gate Climate change More sustainable No technological advantages Technological advantages LONG TERM
Next Genera9on technologies Clean electricity economy Energy independence No CO2 Sustainable Technology leader