Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Jeffrey M. Smith, Executive Assistant for Policy and Intergovernmental Affairs to the Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), for his wisdom, strong support, and encouragement throughout the preparation of this report. In addition, the guidance and assistance of Daryl Chubin, Senior Policy Officer at the National Science Board, and William “Skip” Stiles, Executive Director of Genetic Resources Communications System and former Legislative Director of the Science Committee in the U.S. House of Representative, both of whom graciously peerreviewed several drafts of this report, have been invaluable. The assistance of Patrick Quinlan, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Fellow at the OSTP, has also been important and most welcome. The authors would also like to thank the dozens of people scattered throughout the federal government who provided information for this report. They are too numerous to list individually, but they know who they are. Clearly, without their assistance this report would not have been as complete and informative. RAND peer reviewers, Susan Resetar and Steve Drezner, have also been of great help to this project, as have RAND colleagues Daniel Sheehan, Lisa Sheldone, and Scott Florence. lv