Presented by Sukarno
sukarno@uny.ac.id
CLAUSES
1. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
3. NOUN CLAUSE
Reduced Adjective Clause
The woman who is sitting next to me is a professor.
The woman sitting next to me is a professor.
The man who was given a scholarship is Arnold.
The man given a scholarship is Arnold.
The student that is reading a novel is Lily.
The student reading a novel is Lily.
The letter which was written last week arrives today.
The letter written last week arrives today.
Reduced Adjective Clause
The woman who is sitting next to me is a professor.
The man who was given a scholarship is Arnold.
The student that is reading a novel is Lily.
The letter which was written last week arrives today.
The man who drives the luxurious car is Mr. Ashman.
driving
The students who come on time are very diligent.
coming
The man is a teacher.
He is wise.
The man who is wise is a teacher.
The man being wise is a teacher.
Reduced Adj. Cl v.s. Participle???
THE RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE
THE NON-RESTRICTIVE
CLAUSE
The girl who is wearing a tight T-shirt is my close friend.
This is the girl who sent me a present .
This is the student that got a scholarship to study abroad .
Prof. Andrew, who teaches English Instructional Technology, is a
popular lecturer.
The lower animals, which have no complete and formal language,
must converse by rude signs and noises.
Juliet, who is always on the top of the class, will have a thesis exam
next week.
John Blair, who lives next door, is my best friend.
RESTRICTIVE
Not separated from its head word
NON-RESTRICTIVE
Separated from its head word by commas
- When the antecedent is restricted by the - When the antecedent is restricted in
adjective clause
itself
- When the antecedent is limited by the - When the antecedent refers to all of
adjective clause to some of the class.
The relative pronoun that is usually used
only for restrictive clauses.
The relative pronoun may be omitted.
class
All relative pronouns can be used for nonrestrictive clauses.
The relative pronoun may never be
omitted.
The relative pronoun referring to an object The relative pronoun may never be
can be omitted.
omitted.
Restrictive and NonRestrictive
Personal
Subject
who
Object
Non-personal
Restrictive only
Personal and Nonpersonal
which
that
whom
X
that
Generative
whose
whose/of which
X
Prep + Rel.
Prep +
Pronoun
whom
prep + which
X
prep ……which
X
Rel.
Pronoun
…. Prep
who(m)
+ prep
THANK YOU
Sukarno