Notation systems
Dental Anatomy
Lecture 2
‫غسان علي‬.‫د‬
Numbering systems:
1. Universal notation system:
A. Permanent teeth:
Maxillary
1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8
9
0 11 12 13 14 15 16
Left
Right
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
Mandibular
B. Deciduous teeth:
A B C
D E
F G H I
J
Left
Right
T S
R
Q
P
O N M
L
K
2. Palmer notation system:
A. Permanent teeth:
8
7 6 5
4 3
2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Left
Right
8
7
6 5
4 3 2
1
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
B. Deciduous teeth:
E
D
C
B A
A B C
E
D
C
B
A
D E
Right
A
1
B C
D E
Left
Notation systems
Dental Anatomy
Crown and root:
Each tooth has a crown and root. The crown is covered with enamel; the root is
covered with cementum. The enamel and the cementum are joined with each others
at the cemento-enamel junction or the cervical line.
The major bulk of the tooth is the dentin which lies beneath the enamel and the
cementum. The enamel, dentin and cementum representing the hard tissue of the
tooth.
Dental pulp:
Is the soft tissue of the tooth and present in the pulp chamber and pulp canals.
Pulp chamber:
Is the part of dental pulp in the crown.
Pulp canal:
Is the part of dental pulp in the root.
Anatomical crown:
Is the part of the crown which is covered with enamel.
Clinical crown:
Is the portion of the tooth which is visible in the mouth, in a healthy person the
clinical crown is smaller than the anatomical crown.
The number of roots:
1. Single root: in all anterior teeth, Mandibular premolars and maxillary
second premolars.
2. Two roots: in Mandibular molars and maxillary second premolars.
3. Three roots: in maxillary molars.
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Notation systems
Dental Anatomy
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Notation systems
Dental Anatomy
Surfaces and ridges:
The crowns of incisors and canines have 4 surfaces and a ridge, while the crown of
premolars and molars have 5 surfaces. These surfaces are:
1. Labial surface: is the surface which is toward the lips in incisors and
canines.
2. Buccal surface: is the surface toward the cheek in premolars and molars.
The Buccal and labial surfaces are termed Facial surface.
3. Lingual surface: is the surface which is facing the tongue in all teeth.
4. Occlusal surface: is the surface of the posterior teeth coming in contact
with the teeth in the apposite jaw during closing the mouth. In anterior teeth,
the surface is called (incisal ridge).
5. Proximal surfaces: is the surface of the tooth which is facing towards
adjacent teeth in the same dental arch, its divided into:
A. Mesial surface: is the surface which is facing towards the mid line.
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Notation systems
Dental Anatomy
B. Distal surface: is the surface which is facing away from the midline.
All the teeth have their mesial surface touching distal surface of the adjacent teeth
except the maxillary and Mandibular central incisors.
Division of the crown and roots into thirds:
The crown and root are divided into thirds according to its position on the tooth to
facilitate the study of tooth anatomy.
Line angle: it is formed by the junction of two surfaces and gets its name from
these surfaces e.g. mesio-labial line angle.
Point angle: is formed by the junction of three surfaces and gets its name from
these surfaces e.g. mesio-linguo-incisal point angle.
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Notation systems
Dental Anatomy
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